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Rodriguez M, Monsierra L, Mansilla PS, Pérez GT, de Pascual-Teresa S. Phenolic Characterization of a Purple Maize ( Zea mays cv. "Moragro") by HPLC-QTOF-MS and Study of Its Bioaccessibility Using a Simulated In Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Culture Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6327-6338. [PMID: 38484116 PMCID: PMC10979446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The present work aimed to characterize the phenolic and antioxidant content of the Argentinian purple maize "Moragro" cultivar. Additionally, the INFOGEST simulated in vitro digestion model was used to establish the effect of digestion on bioactive compounds. Finally, digestion samples were used to treat Caco-2 cells in the transwell model to better understand their bioavailability. Twenty-six phenolic compounds were found in purple maize cv. "Moragro", 15 nonanthocyanins and 11 anthocyanins. Several compounds were identified in maize for the first time, such as pyrogallol, citric acid, gallic acid, kaempferol 3-(6″-ferulylglucoside), and kaempferol 3-glucuronide. Anthocyanins accounted for 24.9% of total polyphenols, with the predominant anthocyanin being cyanidin-3-(6″ malonylglucoside). Catechin-(4,8)-cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and catechin-(4,8)-cyanidin-3-malonylglucoside-5-glucoside were detected as characteristics of this American maize variety. Total polyphenol content (TPC; by the Folin-Ciocalteu method), HPLC-DAD/MSMS, and antioxidant activity [by DPPH and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] were evaluated throughout in vitro digestion. TPC, DPPH, and FRAP results were 2.71 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, 24 μmol Trolox equiv/g, and 22 μmol Trolox eq/g, respectively. The in vitro digestion process did not cause significant differences in TPC. However, the antioxidant activity was significantly decreased. Moreover, the bioavailability of anthocyanins was studied, showing that a small fraction of polyphenols in their intact form was conserved at the end of digestion. Finally, a protective effect of digested maize polyphenols was observed in the Caco-2 cell viability. The results suggest that "Moragro" purple maize is a good source of bioavailable anthocyanins in the diet and an interesting source of this group of compounds for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela
Desireé Rodriguez
- Department
of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of
Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Facultad
de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional
de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Luisina Monsierra
- Facultad
de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional
de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICyTAC),
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
(CONICET)—UNC. Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Pablo Sebastián Mansilla
- Facultad
de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional
de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICyTAC),
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
(CONICET)—UNC. Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Teresa Pérez
- Facultad
de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional
de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICyTAC),
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
(CONICET)—UNC. Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Department
of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of
Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Peniche-Pavía HA, González-Rodríguez T, Tiessen A, García-Lara S, Winkler R. Backcrossing Modulates the Metabolic Profiles of Anthocyanin-Pigmented 'Vitamaize' Lines Derived from Elite Maize Lines. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:202-208. [PMID: 38334939 PMCID: PMC10891256 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Vitamaize lines (VMLs) were created by backcrossing the pigmented aleurone trait into Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) maize lines (CMLs). This study evaluates metabolic differences between the VMLs and their original CMLs. Direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) analyses, carotenoid profiling, total anthocyanins content (TAC) determination, and biochemical evaluation of the quality protein maize (QPM) endosperm trait allowed a comprehensive chemical characterization of the maize lines. DIMS data indicate higher hexoses and trigonelline content for most VMLs; the carotenoid profile revealed a decrease in β-cryptoxanthin to less than half of the original parent content for two VMLs but an augmentation for one VML. The pigmented aleurone VMLs did not inherit the complex QPM endosperm trait of the QPM CMLs. Except for anthocyanin accumulation, no other metabolites were consistently modified across all the backcross-generated maize lines with a pigmented aleurone trait. These findings suggest using genetic or metabolic markers rather than morphological or visual traits for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Arturo Peniche-Pavía
- Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato and UGA-Langebio Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
- Cinvestav Unidad Mérida, Department of Marine Resources, 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico
| | - Tzitziki González-Rodríguez
- Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato and UGA-Langebio Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, EIC, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Axel Tiessen
- Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato and UGA-Langebio Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Silvero García-Lara
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, EIC, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato and UGA-Langebio Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto., Mexico.
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Peniche-Pavía HA, Guzmán TJ, Magaña-Cerino JM, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Tiessen A. Maize Flavonoid Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Human Health Relevance: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165166. [PMID: 36014406 PMCID: PMC9413827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maize is one of the most important crops for human and animal consumption and contains a chemical arsenal essential for survival: flavonoids. Moreover, flavonoids are well known for their beneficial effects on human health. In this review, we decided to organize the information about maize flavonoids into three sections. In the first section, we include updated information about the enzymatic pathway of maize flavonoids. We describe a total of twenty-one genes for the flavonoid pathway of maize. The first three genes participate in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Four genes are common biosynthetic early genes for flavonoids, and fourteen are specific genes for the flavonoid subgroups, the anthocyanins, and flavone C-glycosides. The second section explains the tissue accumulation and regulation of flavonoids by environmental factors affecting the expression of the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional complex. The study of transcription factors of the MBW complex is fundamental for understanding how the flavonoid profiles generate a palette of colors in the plant tissues. Finally, we also include an update of the biological activities of C3G, the major maize anthocyanin, including anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects, among others. This review intends to disclose and integrate the existing knowledge regarding maize flavonoid pigmentation and its relevance in the human health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A. Peniche-Pavía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Km. 9.6, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Tereso J. Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jesús M. Magaña-Cerino
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Av. Gregorio Méndez Magaña 2838-A, Col. Tamulté de las Barrancas, Villahermosa 86150, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Carmen M. Gurrola-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, C. Sierra Mojada 950. Col. Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-33-10585200 (ext. 33930)
| | - Axel Tiessen
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Km. 9.6, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Passera A, Follador A, Morandi S, Miotti N, Ghidoli M, Venturini G, Quaglino F, Brasca M, Casati P, Pilu R, Bulgarelli D. Bacterial Communities in the Embryo of Maize Landraces: Relation with Susceptibility to Fusarium Ear Rot. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112388. [PMID: 34835513 PMCID: PMC8621305 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally adapted maize accessions (landraces) represent an untapped resource of nutritional and resistance traits for breeding, including the shaping of distinct microbiota. Our study focused on five different maize landraces and a reference commercial hybrid, showing different susceptibility to fusarium ear rot, and whether this trait could be related to particular compositions of the bacterial microbiota in the embryo, using different approaches. Our cultivation-independent approach utilized the metabarcoding of a portion of the 16S rRNA gene to study bacterial populations in these samples. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that the microbiota of the embryos of the accessions grouped in two different clusters: one comprising three landraces and the hybrid, one including the remaining two landraces, which showed a lower susceptibility to fusarium ear rot in field. The main discriminant between these clusters was the frequency of Firmicutes, higher in the second cluster, and this abundance was confirmed by quantification through digital PCR. The cultivation-dependent approach allowed the isolation of 70 bacterial strains, mostly Firmicutes. In vivo assays allowed the identification of five candidate biocontrol strains against fusarium ear rot. Our data revealed novel insights into the role of the maize embryo microbiota and set the stage for further studies aimed at integrating this knowledge into plant breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Passera
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (G.V.); (F.Q.); (P.C.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessia Follador
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (G.V.); (F.Q.); (P.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Stefano Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Niccolò Miotti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (G.V.); (F.Q.); (P.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Martina Ghidoli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (G.V.); (F.Q.); (P.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Giovanni Venturini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (G.V.); (F.Q.); (P.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Fabio Quaglino
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (G.V.); (F.Q.); (P.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Milena Brasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Paola Casati
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (G.V.); (F.Q.); (P.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (G.V.); (F.Q.); (P.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Davide Bulgarelli
- Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK;
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Ghidoli M, Colombo F, Sangiorgio S, Landoni M, Giupponi L, Nielsen E, Pilu R. Food Containing Bioactive Flavonoids and Other Phenolic or Sulfur Phytochemicals With Antiviral Effect: Can We Design a Promising Diet Against COVID-19? Front Nutr 2021; 8:661331. [PMID: 34222300 PMCID: PMC8247467 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.661331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since in late 2019, when the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started to spread all over the world, causing the awful global pandemic we are still experiencing, an impressive number of biologists, infectious disease scientists, virologists, pharmacologists, molecular biologists, immunologists, and other researchers working in laboratories of all the advanced countries focused their research on the setting up of biotechnological tools, namely vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, as well as of rational design of drugs for therapeutic approaches. While vaccines have been quickly obtained, no satisfactory anti-Covid-19 preventive, or therapeutic approach has so far been discovered and approved. However, among the possible ways to achieve the goal of COVID-19 prevention or mitigation, there is one route, i.e., the diet, which until now has had little consideration. In fact, in the edible parts of plants supplying our food, there are a fair number of secondary metabolites mainly belonging to the large class of the flavonoids, endowed with antiviral or other health beneficial activities such as immunostimulating or anti-inflammatory action that could play a role in contributing to some extent to prevent or alleviate the viral infection and/or counteract the development of SARS induced by the novel coronavirus. In this review, a number of bioactive phytochemicals, in particular flavonoids, proven to be capable of providing some degree of protection against COVID-19, are browsed, illustrating their beneficial properties and mechanisms of action as well as their distribution in cultivated plant species which supply food for the human diet. Furthermore, room is also given to information regarding the amount in food, the resistance to cooking processes and, as a very important feature, the degree of bioavailability of these compounds. Concluding, remarks and perspectives for future studies aimed at increasing and improving knowledge and the possibility of using this natural complementary therapy to counteract COVID-19 and other viral pathologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ghidoli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Sangiorgio
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Landoni
- Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas – CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Edolo, Italy
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas – CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Edolo, Italy
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Colored Corn: An Up-Date on Metabolites Extraction, Health Implication, and Potential Use. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010199. [PMID: 33401767 PMCID: PMC7796034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colored (orange, pink, red, purple, and blue) corn strongly attracted attention on its healthy properties mainly due to its anthocyanin and carotenoid composition which is also responsible for its pigmentation. The present review summarized the recent updates on the extraction and chemical characterization of the main plant secondary metabolites present in colored seeds, kernel, cob, husk, and silk. The main approaches used to stabilize the extracts have been discussed as well as their food and non-food uses. Both in vitro and in vivo (animal models) studies on the different effects (antibacterial, antimutagenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, effects on metabolic syndrome, diabetes, glucose and lipidic metabolism, and neuroprotection) of pigmented extracts on animal and human health have been summarized.
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Diaconeasa Z, Știrbu I, Xiao J, Leopold N, Ayvaz Z, Danciu C, Ayvaz H, Stǎnilǎ A, Nistor M, Socaciu C. Anthocyanins, Vibrant Color Pigments, and Their Role in Skin Cancer Prevention. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E336. [PMID: 32916849 PMCID: PMC7555344 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Until today, numerous studies evaluated the topic of anthocyanins and various types of cancer, regarding the anthocyanins' preventative and inhibitory effects, underlying molecular mechanisms, and such. However, there is no targeted review available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of dietary anthocyanins on skin cancers. If diagnosed at the early stages, the survival rate of skin cancer is quite high. Nevertheless, the metastatic form has a short prognosis. In fact, the incidence of melanoma skin cancer, the type with high mortality, has increased exponentially over the last 30 years, causing the majority of skin cancer deaths. Malignant melanoma is considered a highly destructive type of skin cancer due to its particular capacity to grow and spread faster than any other type of cancers. Plants, in general, have been used in disease treatment for a long time, and medicinal plants are commonly a part of anticancer drugs on the market. Accordingly, this work primarily aims to emphasize the most recent improvements on the anticarcinogenic effects of anthocyanins from different plant sources, with an in-depth emphasis on melanoma skin cancer. We also briefly summarized the anthocyanin chemistry, their rich dietary sources in flowers, fruits, and vegetables, as well as their associated potential health benefits. Additionally, the importance of anthocyanins in topical applications such as their use in cosmetics is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorița Diaconeasa
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Știrbu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Zayde Ayvaz
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Technology Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey;
| | - Corina Danciu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Huseyin Ayvaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey;
| | - Andreea Stǎnilǎ
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mǎdǎlina Nistor
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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8
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Gálvez Ranilla L. The Application of Metabolomics for the Study of Cereal Corn ( Zea mays L.). Metabolites 2020; 10:E300. [PMID: 32717792 PMCID: PMC7463750 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop indigenous to the Americas, where its genetic biodiversity is still preserved, especially among native populations from Mesoamerica and South America. The use of metabolomics in corn has mainly focused on understanding the potential differences of corn metabolomes under different biotic and abiotic stresses or to evaluate the influence of genetic and environmental factors. The increase of diet-linked non-communicable diseases has increased the interest to optimize the content of bioactive secondary metabolites in current corn breeding programs to produce novel functional foods. This review provides perspectives on the role of metabolomics in the characterization of health-relevant metabolites in corn biodiversity and emphasizes the integration of metabolomics in breeding strategies targeting the enrichment of phenolic bioactive metabolites such as anthocyanins in corn kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gálvez Ranilla
- Laboratory of Research in Food Science, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Urb. San Jose s/n, 04013 Arequipa, Peru
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9
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Grown to be Blue-Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects of Colored Vegetables. Part II: Leafy, Fruit, and Other Vegetables. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020097. [PMID: 31979214 PMCID: PMC7070715 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The current trend for substituting synthetic compounds with natural ones in the design and production of functional and healthy foods has increased the research interest about natural colorants. Although coloring agents from plant origin are already used in the food and beverage industry, the market and consumer demands for novel and diverse food products are increasing and new plant sources are explored. Fresh vegetables are considered a good source of such compounds, especially when considering the great color diversity that exists among the various species or even the cultivars within the same species. In the present review we aim to present the most common species of colored vegetables, focusing on leafy and fruit vegetables, as well as on vegetables where other plant parts are commercially used, with special attention to blue color. The compounds that are responsible for the uncommon colors will be also presented and their beneficial health effects and antioxidant properties will be unraveled.
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Babić V, Kravić N, Vančetović J, Delić N, Žilić S. Differences in nutritive and bioactive compounds content between hybrid and open-pollinated maize varieties. FOOD AND FEED RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/ffr2001001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Ardenghi NMG, Rossi G, Guzzon F. Back to beaked: Zea mays subsp. mays Rostrata Group in northern Italy, refugia and revival of open-pollinated maize landraces in an intensive cropping system. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5123. [PMID: 30013830 PMCID: PMC6035727 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop landraces are fundamental resources to increase the eroded genepool of modern crops in order to adapt agriculture to future challenges; plus, they are of immeasurable heritage and cultural value. Between the 1940s and the 1960s open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) of flint and semi-flint maize in Europe were almost completely replaced by high-yielding hybrid dent cultivars selected in North America. No comprehensive assessment was performed after the 1950s to understand which maize genetic resources survived genetic erosion in northern Italy, an area characterized by a high degree of landraces extinction and introgression, intensive hybrid dent monocultures, as well as being one of the hotspots of maize cultivation at a continental level. Among these landraces, beaked maize represents a peculiar case study for assessing the survival of OPVs in intensive cropping systems. By means of ethnobotanical and literature surveys, the history of Zea mays subsp. mays Rostrata Group and its current distribution were reconstructed. It emerged that beaked maize originated in the study area and it is one of the oldest genepools available not subjected to formal crop improvement. We identified 28 landraces of beaked maize currently cultivated, 18 here recorded for the first time. The cultivation of more than half of the 28 landraces has continued throughout the last 80 years in a few fragmented localities that can be regarded as “refugia”. The survival of these landraces from substitution with high-yielding cultivars and unidirectional introgression has been mainly due to active on-farm conservation performed by custodian farmers and secondarily to cultivation in isolated areas (e.g., mountain valleys). After decades of genetic erosion, beaked maize has since the late 1990s experienced a revival, in terms of an increasing number of cultivation localities and the level of product commercialization. This process is mostly spontaneous and only occasionally mediated by governmental institutions; it is linked to the rediscovery of local food products, in this case mainly polenta, a dish made of corn flour, which used to be the staple food across northern Italy. The ex situ conservation of beaked maize and on-farm measures put in place by the farmers to prevent introgression are also assessed. Further research and collecting missions are needed to provide an inventory of open-pollinated landraces of other landrace groups that have survived genetic erosion in Europe. To meet this aim, extensive ethnobotanical surveys, such as the one performed here, are very powerful tools in detecting these genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graziano Rossi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Filippo Guzzon
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
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Correction: study and characterization of an ancient European flint white maize rich in anthocyanins: Millo Corvo from Galicia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130110. [PMID: 26039086 PMCID: PMC4454521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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