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Tjendana Tjhin V, Oda M, Yamashita M, Iwaki T, Fujita Y, Wakame K, Inagawa H, Soma GI. Baseline data collections of lipopolysaccharide content in 414 herbal extracts and its role in innate immune activation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15394. [PMID: 38965275 PMCID: PMC11224407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Some herbal extracts contain relatively high amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Because orally administered LPS activates innate immunity without inducing inflammation, it plays a role as an active ingredient in herbal extracts. However, the LPS content in herbal extracts remains extensively unevaluated. This study aimed to create a database of LPS content in herbal extracts; therefore, the LPS content of 414 herbal extracts was measured and the macrophage activation potential was evaluated. The LPS content of these hot water extracts was determined using the kinetic-turbidimetric method. The LPS concentration ranged from a few ng/g to hundreds of μg/g (Standard Escherichia coli LPS equivalent). Twelve samples had a high-LPS-content of > 100 μg/g, including seven samples from roots and three samples from leaves of the herbal extracts. These samples showed high phagocytosis and NO production capacity, and further investigation using polymyxin B, an LPS inhibitor, significantly inhibited macrophage activation. This study suggests that some herbal extracts contain sufficient LPS concentration to activate innate immunity. Therefore, a new approach to evaluate the efficacy of herbal extracts based on their LPS content was proposed. A database listing the LPS content of different herbal extracts is essential for this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vindy Tjendana Tjhin
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Takamatsu, 761-0301, Japan.
| | - Masataka Oda
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Takamatsu, 761-0301, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamashita
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Takamatsu, 761-0301, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iwaki
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Takamatsu, 761-0301, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fujita
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Takamatsu, 761-0301, Japan
| | - Koji Wakame
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, 006-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inagawa
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Takamatsu, 761-0301, Japan
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, 956-0841, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Soma
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Takamatsu, 761-0301, Japan
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, 956-0841, Japan
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2
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Oda M, Yamamoto H, Kawakami T. Maintenance of homeostasis by TLR4 ligands. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1286270. [PMID: 38715610 PMCID: PMC11074394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1286270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is renowned for its capacity to elicit anti-infective and anti-cancer effects by harnessing immune responses to microbial components and bolstering innate healing mechanisms through a cascade of immunological reactions. Specifically, mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as key receptors responsible for detecting microbial components. The discovery of these mammalian Toll-like receptors has clarified antigen recognition by the innate immune system. It has furnished a molecular foundation for comprehending the interplay between innate immunity and its anti-tumor or anti-infective capabilities. Moreover, accumulating evidence highlights the crucial role of TLRs in maintaining tissue homeostasis. It has also become evident that TLR-expressing macrophages play a central role in immunity by participating in the clearance of foreign substances, tissue repair, and the establishment of new tissue. This macrophage network, centered on macrophages, significantly contributes to innate healing. This review will primarily delve into innate immunity, specifically focusing on substances targeting TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Oda
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashige Kawakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
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3
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Yoshino N, Yokoyama T, Sakai H, Sugiyama I, Odagiri T, Kimura M, Hojo W, Saino T, Muraki Y. Suitability of Polymyxin B as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Intranasal Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1727. [PMID: 38006059 PMCID: PMC10675063 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin B (PMB) is an antibiotic that exhibits mucosal adjuvanticity for ovalbumin (OVA), which enhances the immune response in the mucosal compartments of mice. Frequent breakthrough infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants indicate that the IgA antibody levels elicited by the mRNA vaccines in the mucosal tissues were insufficient for the prophylaxis of this infection. It remains unknown whether PMB exhibits mucosal adjuvanticity for antigens other than OVA. This study investigated the adjuvanticity of PMB for the virus proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A virus, and the S1 subunit and S protein of SARS-CoV-2. BALB/c mice immunized either intranasally or subcutaneously with these antigens alone or in combination with PMB were examined, and the antigen-specific antibodies were quantified. PMB substantially increased the production of antigen-specific IgA antibodies in mucosal secretions and IgG antibodies in plasma, indicating its adjuvanticity for both HA and S proteins. This study also revealed that the PMB-virus antigen complex diameter is crucial for the induction of mucosal immunity. No detrimental effects were observed on the nasal mucosa or olfactory bulb. These findings highlight the potential of PMB as a safe candidate for intranasal vaccination to induce mucosal IgA antibodies for prophylaxis against mucosally transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshino
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takuya Yokoyama
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hironori Sakai
- R&D, Cellspect Co., Ltd., 2-4-23 Kitaiioka, Morioka 020-0857, Iwate, Japan
| | - Ikumi Sugiyama
- Division of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takashi Odagiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
| | - Wataru Hojo
- R&D, Cellspect Co., Ltd., 2-4-23 Kitaiioka, Morioka 020-0857, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Saino
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yasushi Muraki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
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4
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Suzuki N, Purba FY, Inagawa H, Hattori Y, Isobe N. Effects of oral administration of lipopolysaccharide derived from Pantoea agglomerans on innate immunity of mammary glands in dairy goats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 265:110664. [PMID: 37918120 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of orally administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSpa) on innate immune functions, including the concentrations of antimicrobial components and interleukin (IL)-10 in goat milk, for the prevention of goat mastitis. Twelve Tokara goats were divided into two groups of six goats. Goats in the LPSpa and control groups were orally administrated with 0.4 g/kg dextrin with or without 0.02 mg/kg LPSpa for 7 days (day 0-6), respectively. After treatment (i.e., day 7), 1 μg LPS from Escherichia coli O111 (LPSec) was infused into one side of the udder in both groups to induce mastitis. Milk from all sides of the udder, saliva, and feces were collected on days 0 and 7. After LPSec infusion into the udders, milk was collected from the infused side of the udder on days 8, 10, and 12. Milk yields and somatic cell counts were recorded during the examination period. The concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) A in saliva, feces, and milk and the concentrations of lactoferrin, goat β defensin-1 (GBD1), S100A7, and IL-10 in milk were measured. After LPSpa oral administration, the concentrations of GBD-1 and IL-10 in the milk of the LPSpa group were significantly higher on day 7 than those in the control group, and the concentration of IgA in the feces tended to be higher than that in the control group. After LPSec intramammary infusion, S100A7 concentration on day 12 was significantly lower in the LPSpa group than in the control group. These findings suggest that the oral administration of LPSpa may prevent mastitis by increasing the concentration of GBD1 in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Fika Yuliza Purba
- Veterinary Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Hiroyuki Inagawa
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0301, Japan; Macrophi Inc., Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0301, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Isobe
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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Mizobuchi H. Oral route lipopolysaccharide as a potential dementia preventive agent inducing neuroprotective microglia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1110583. [PMID: 36969154 PMCID: PMC10033586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In today’s aging society, dementia is an urgent problem to be solved because no treatment or preventive methods have been established. This review focuses on oral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, as a novel preventive drug for dementia. LPS is also called endotoxin and is well known to induce inflammation when administered systemically. On the other hand, although we humans routinely ingest LPS derived from symbiotic bacteria of edible plants, the effect of oral administration of LPS has hardly been studied. Recently, oral administration of LPS was reported to prevent dementia by inducing neuroprotective microglia. Furthermore, it has been suggested that colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is involved in the dementia prevention mechanism by oral administration of LPS. Thus, in this review, we summarized the previous studies of oral administration of LPS and discussed the predicted dementia prevention mechanism. In addition, we showed the potential of oral LPS administration as a preventive drug for dementia by highlighting research gaps and future issues for clinical application development.
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6
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Zhao T, Yang B, Li H, Hao Z, Cong W, Kang Y. Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS as an immune enhancer provides effective protection against Aeromonas veronii infection in Carassius auratus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1520:115-126. [PMID: 36477764 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in aquaculture. In this study, we aimed to develop a safe and effective immune enhancer to protect Carassius auratus (C. auratus) from A. veronii infections. With recognized safety, lactic acid bacteria are used as antigen delivery vehicles to present antigens. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a protective antigen, induces immune responses in animals. Therefore, we created recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) with surface-displayed LPS of A. veronii TH0426 and tested its effects on immune responses in C. auratus. The results showed that recombinant L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS, as an immune enhancer, could improve the innate and adaptive immune responses of C. auratus when it was added to the diet of C. auratus. The challenge test showed that the survival rate of C. auratus fed with L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS was higher than that of the control groups, indicating that the recombinant L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS increased the resistance of C. auratus to A. veronii infection. The present results provide a theoretical basis for the development of recombinant L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS as an immune enhancer in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bintong Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhipeng Hao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yuanhuan Kang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological Preparation, Shandong Baolai-Leelai Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Tai'an, China
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7
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Karmakar S, Nath S, Sarkar B, Chakraborty S, Paul S, Karan M, Pal C. Insect vectors' saliva and gut microbiota as a blessing in disguise: probability versus possibility. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:657-670. [PMID: 34100305 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawing of host blood is a natural phenomenon during the bite of blood-probing insect vectors. Along with the blood meal, the vectors introduce salivary components and a trail of microbiota. In the case of infected vectors, the related pathogen accompanies the aforementioned biological components. In addition to Anopheles gambiae or Anopheles stephensi, the bites of other nonmalarial vectors cannot be ignored in malaria-endemic regions. Similarly, the bite incidence of Phlebotomus papatasi cannot be ignored in visceral leishmaniasis-endemic regions. Even the chances of getting bitten by uninfected vectors are higher than the infected vectors. We have discussed the probability or possibility of uninfected, infected, and/or nonvector's saliva and gut microbiota as a therapeutic option leading to the initial deterrent to pathogen establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Karmakar
- Cellular Immunology & Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 700126, India.,Vector Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Supriya Nath
- Cellular Immunology & Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 700126, India.,Vector Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Biswajyoti Sarkar
- Cellular Immunology & Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 700126, India.,Vector Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Sondipon Chakraborty
- Vector Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Sharmistha Paul
- Vector Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Mintu Karan
- Vector Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Chiranjib Pal
- Cellular Immunology & Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 700126, India.,Vector Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 700126, India
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8
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Zenobia C, Herpoldt KL, Freire M. Is the oral microbiome a source to enhance mucosal immunity against infectious diseases? NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:80. [PMID: 34078913 PMCID: PMC8172910 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissues act as a barrier throughout the oral, nasopharyngeal, lung, and intestinal systems, offering first-line protection against potential pathogens. Conventionally, vaccines are applied parenterally to induce serotype-dependent humoral response but fail to drive adequate mucosal immune protection for viral infections such as influenza, HIV, and coronaviruses. Oral mucosa, however, provides a vast immune repertoire against specific microbial pathogens and yet is shaped by an ever-present microbiome community that has co-evolved with the host over thousands of years. Adjuvants targeting mucosal T-cells abundant in oral tissues can promote soluble-IgA (sIgA)-specific protection to confer increased vaccine efficacy. Th17 cells, for example, are at the center of cell-mediated immunity and evidence demonstrates that protection against heterologous pathogen serotypes is achieved with components from the oral microbiome. At the point of entry where pathogens are first encountered, typically the oral or nasal cavity, the mucosal surfaces are layered with bacterial cohabitants that continually shape the host immune profile. Constituents of the oral microbiome including their lipids, outer membrane vesicles, and specific proteins, have been found to modulate the Th17 response in the oral mucosa, playing important roles in vaccine and adjuvant designs. Currently, there are no approved adjuvants for the induction of Th17 protection, and it is critical that this research is included in the preparedness for the current and future pandemics. Here, we discuss the potential of oral commensals, and molecules derived thereof, to induce Th17 activity and provide safer and more predictable options in adjuvant engineering to prevent emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Freire
- Departments of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Sublingual vaccination and delivery systems. J Control Release 2021; 332:553-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in Pantoea agglomerans KM1, a potential opportunistic pathogen. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0239792. [PMID: 33406073 PMCID: PMC7787473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pantoea agglomerans is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus causing a wide range of opportunistic infections in humans including septicemia, pneumonia, septic arthritis, wound infections and meningitis. To date, the determinants of virulence, antibiotic resistance, metabolic features conferring survival and host-associated pathogenic potential of this bacterium remain largely underexplored. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the whole-genome of P. agglomerans KM1 isolated from kimchi in South Korea. The genome contained one circular chromosome of 4,039,945 bp, 3 mega plasmids, and 2 prophages. The phage-derived genes encoded integrase, lysozyme and terminase. Six CRISPR loci were identified within the bacterial chromosome. Further in-depth analysis showed that the genome contained 13 antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics such as penicillin G, bacitracin, rifampicin, vancomycin, and fosfomycin. Genes involved in adaptations to environmental stress were also identified which included factors providing resistance to osmotic lysis, oxidative stress, as well as heat and cold shock. The genomic analysis of virulence factors led to identification of a type VI secretion system, hemolysin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and genes involved in iron uptake and sequestration. Finally, the data provided here show that, the KM1 isolate exerted strong immunostimulatory properties on RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. Stimulated cells produced Nitric Oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The upstream signaling for production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and NO depended on TLR4 and TLR1/2. While production of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO involved solely activation of the NF-κB, IL-10 secretion was largely dependent on NF-κB and to a lesser extent on MAPK Kinases. Taken together, the analysis of the whole-genome and immunostimulatory properties provided in-depth characterization of the P. agglomerans KM1 isolate shedding a new light on determinants of virulence that drive its interactions with the environment, other microorganisms and eukaryotic hosts
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Creighton RL, Woodrow KA. Microneedle-Mediated Vaccine Delivery to the Oral Mucosa. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801180. [PMID: 30537400 PMCID: PMC6476557 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The oral mucosa is a minimally invasive and immunologically rich site that is underutilized for vaccination due to physiological and immunological barriers. To develop effective oral mucosal vaccines, key questions regarding vaccine residence time, uptake, adjuvant formulation, dose, and delivery location must be answered. However, currently available dosage forms are insufficient to address all these questions. An ideal oral mucosal vaccine delivery system would improve both residence time and epithelial permeation while enabling efficient delivery of physicochemically diverse vaccine formulations. Microneedles have demonstrated these capabilities for dermal vaccine delivery. Additionally, microneedles enable precise control over delivery properties like depth, uniformity, and dosing, making them an ideal tool to study oral mucosal vaccination. Select studies have demonstrated the feasibility of microneedle-mediated oral mucosal vaccination, but they have only begun to explore the broad functionality of microneedles. This review describes the physiological and immunological challenges related to oral mucosal vaccine delivery and provides specific examples of how microneedles can be used to address these challenges. It summarizes and compares the few existing oral mucosal microneedle vaccine studies and offers a perspective for the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Creighton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kim A Woodrow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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12
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Sublingual Adjuvant Delivery by a Live Attenuated Vibrio cholerae-Based Antigen Presentation Platform. mSphere 2018; 3:3/3/e00245-18. [PMID: 29875145 PMCID: PMC5990885 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00245-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal disease is the most common infectious disease of children in the developing world. Our goal is to develop a diarrheal antigen presentation platform based on whole Vibrio cholerae cells that does not depend on protein purification. We have previously shown the feasibility of genetically fusing antigens to the V. cholerae biofilm matrix protein RbmA for presentation on the cell surface. A mucosal adjuvant could improve immunogenicity of such a vaccine at the mucosal surface. Here we engineer a live attenuated V. cholerae vaccine to constitutively synthesize mmCT, a nontoxic form of cholera toxin. When this vaccine is delivered sublingually, in vivo-synthesized mmCT acts as both an adjuvant and antigen. This could greatly increase the magnitude and duration of the immune response elicited by codelivered heterologous antigens. A sublingually delivered heterologous antigen presentation platform that does not depend on antigen or adjuvant purification would be of great benefit in protection against diarrheal disease. In proof-of-concept studies, we previously showed that when a fusion protein comprised of the Vibrio cholerae biofilm matrix protein RbmA and the B subunit of cholera toxin (R-CTB) is expressed from a plasmid within V. cholerae, R-CTB is sequestered in the biofilm matrix, leading to decoration of the cell surface. Sublingual delivery of live attenuated R-CTB-decorated cells results in a mucosal immune response to CTB. To improve the immune response to diarrheal antigens presented by this platform, we have engineered our live attenuated vaccine to express the mucosal adjuvant mmCT (i.e., multiply mutated CT). Here we report that delivery of this adjuvant via sublingual administration of our vaccine enhances the mucosal immune response to V. cholerae LPS and elicits a systemic and mucosal immune response to CTB. However, provision of R-CTB with mmCT selectively blunts the mucosal immune response to CTB. We propose that mmCT delivered by this live attenuated Vibrio cholerae vaccine platform may serve as a mucosal adjuvant for heterologous antigens, provided they are not too similar to mmCT. IMPORTANCE Diarrheal disease is the most common infectious disease of children in the developing world. Our goal is to develop a diarrheal antigen presentation platform based on whole Vibrio cholerae cells that does not depend on protein purification. We have previously shown the feasibility of genetically fusing antigens to the V. cholerae biofilm matrix protein RbmA for presentation on the cell surface. A mucosal adjuvant could improve immunogenicity of such a vaccine at the mucosal surface. Here we engineer a live attenuated V. cholerae vaccine to constitutively synthesize mmCT, a nontoxic form of cholera toxin. When this vaccine is delivered sublingually, in vivo-synthesized mmCT acts as both an adjuvant and antigen. This could greatly increase the magnitude and duration of the immune response elicited by codelivered heterologous antigens.
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13
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Oral administration of Pantoea agglomerans-derived lipopolysaccharide prevents metabolic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease-related memory loss in senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice fed a high-fat diet. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198493. [PMID: 29856882 PMCID: PMC5983504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unclear, but an imbalance between the production and clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is known to play a critical role in AD progression. A promising preventative approach is to enhance the normal Aβ clearance activity of brain phagocytes such as microglia. In mice, the intraperitoneal injection of Toll-like receptor 4 agonist was shown to enhance Aβ clearance and exhibit a preventative effect on AD-related pathology. Our previous clinical study demonstrated that orally administered Pantoea agglomerans-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPSp) exhibited an LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-lowering effect in human volunteers with hyperlipidemia, a known risk factor for AD. In vitro studies have shown that LPSp treatment increases Aβ phagocytosis by microglial cells; however it is still unclear whether orally administered LPSp exhibits a preventive effect on AD progression. We show here that in senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice fed a high-fat diet, oral administration of LPSp at 0.3 or 1 mg/kg body weight·day for 18 weeks significantly improved glucose metabolism and lipid profiles. The LPSp treatment also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and oxidative-burst activity in the peripheral blood. Moreover, LPSp significantly reduced brain Aβ burden and memory impairment as seen in the water maze test, although we could not confirm a significant enhancement of Aβ phagocytosis in microglia isolated from the brains after treatment. Taken together, our results show that LPSp holds promise as a preventative therapy for AD or AD-related diseases induced by impairment of metabolic functions.
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Kobayashi Y, Inagawa H, Kohchi C, Kazumura K, Tsuchiya H, Miwa T, Okazaki K, Soma GI. Oral administration of Pantoea agglomerans-derived lipopolysaccharide prevents development of atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed apoE-deficient mice via ameliorating hyperlipidemia, pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative responses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195008. [PMID: 29584779 PMCID: PMC5871011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans) is a Gram-negative bacterium that grows symbiotically with various edible plants, and the oral or sublingual administration of lipopolysaccharide derived from P. agglomerans (LPSp) have been suggested to contribute to prevention of immune-related diseases. Our previous study indicated that orally administered LPSp was shown to exhibit an LDL-lowering effect in hyperlipidemic volunteers; however, a preventive effect of LPSp on atherosclerosis is unclear. The present study attempted to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect by LPSp in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis. For 16 weeks, apoE-deficient mice were fed an HFD and received drinking water containing LPSp (0.3 or 1 mg/kg body weight/day). The results showed that the orally administered LPSp decreased body weight. A significant reduction in atherosclerotic plaque deposition was observed even with the lower dose of LPSp. The biochemical analyses showed that LPSp markedly improved glucose tolerance and reduced plasma LDL and oxidized LDL levels. In addition, LPSp significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators including MCP-1 (in the plasma), TNF-α and IL-6 (in the colon), and decreased the oxidative burst activities in the peripheral blood sample. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that oral administration of LPSp can effectively ameliorate HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and inflammatory/oxidative responses to prevent atherosclerosis and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Kobayashi
- Departments of Integrated and Holistic Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroyuki Inagawa
- Departments of Integrated and Holistic Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Kagawa, Japan
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chie Kohchi
- Departments of Integrated and Holistic Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Macrophi Inc., Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kazumura
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchiya
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miwa
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuichiro Okazaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Soma
- Departments of Integrated and Holistic Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Kagawa, Japan
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Yu G, Jung H, Kang YY, Mok H. Comparative evaluation of cell- and serum-derived exosomes to deliver immune stimulators to lymph nodes. Biomaterials 2018; 162:71-81. [PMID: 29438882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether exosomes are efficient carriers for immune stimulating molecules into lymph nodes, comparative studies of exosomes (EXOs) derived from different origins (cells and serums) in terms of physicochemical properties and delivery efficiency were performed. Serum-derived EXOs were of a preferable size and generated higher yields than RAW264.7 cell-derived exosomes (RAW-EXO). In particular, fetal bovine serum-derived exosomes (bo-EXO), with a size below 50 nm, were delivered not only to surface zones (subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophage zone) but also to inner paracortex zones (T cell zone) of lymph nodes, which allowed an efficient delivery of immune stimulating molecules to antigen presenting cells and T cells. The encapsulation of immune stimulating biomolecules (monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN)) within EXOs greatly increased intracellular delivery to macrophages via phagocytic pathways, which induced higher TNF-α and IL-6 secretion than free MPLA and free CpG ODN. MPLA-incorporated exosomes activated and differentiated T cells after subcutaneous injection, which elevated cytokine IFN-γ and TNF-α induction for CD3+ T cells. Taken together, bo-EXOs might serve as efficient carrier systems of immune stimulators to lymph nodes for desired immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeonghui Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Mok
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Nakata Y, Kohchi C, Ogawa K, Nakamoto T, Yoshimura H, Soma GI. Effects of 3 months continuous intake of supplement containing Pantoea agglomerans LPS to maintain normal bloodstream in adults: Parallel double-blind randomized controlled study. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 6:197-206. [PMID: 29387379 PMCID: PMC5778198 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects on the maintenance of normal bloodstream by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated in the parallel-group randomized double-blind study using supplement containing Pantoea agglomerans LPS (201.5 μg/tablet as LPS). Screening was previously performed in the implementation of the study. Adult males and females with normal value to borderline (healthy subjects) in the hematologic parameters, for which reference values were given, were chosen in this study. The period of ingestion of the supplement was 3 months. As the result, a significant decrease in the rate of change (the ratio when the baseline was 1) of HbA1c, which is a glycative stress marker, was found in the group which ingested LPS supplement after 3 months. Also, a significant increase in the number of fingertip capillary vessels was found compared with the control group. From these results, the effects of the maintenance of bloodstream by ingestion of LPS were shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chie Kohchi
- Macrophi Inc.Takamatsu Kagawa Japan.,Department of Integrated and Holistic Immunology Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Miki-cho, Kida-gun Kagawa Japan
| | - Kazue Ogawa
- Non-profit Organization, Linking Setouchi Innate Immune Network Takamatsu Kagawa Japan
| | - Takeru Nakamoto
- Non-profit Organization, Linking Setouchi Innate Immune Network Takamatsu Kagawa Japan.,Central Park ClinicTakamatsu Kagawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshimura
- Non-profit Organization, Linking Setouchi Innate Immune Network Takamatsu Kagawa Japan.,Nakagawa Hospital Fukuoka Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Soma
- Department of Integrated and Holistic Immunology Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Miki-cho, Kida-gun Kagawa Japan.,Non-profit Organization, Linking Setouchi Innate Immune Network Takamatsu Kagawa Japan.,Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences Research Organization of Health for Self-Reliance Niigata Japan
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18
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Xi QY, Jiang Y, Zhao S, Zeng B, Wang F, Wang LN, Jiang QY, Zhang YL. Effect of ginseng polysaccharides on the immunity and growth of piglets by dietary supplementation during late pregnancy and lactating sows. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:863-872. [PMID: 27758021 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are many reports that dietary supplementation with plant polysaccharides in pigs might promote their growth, but little is known about the maternal effect of ginseng polysaccharides (GPS) on piglets' growth by dietary supplementation to pregnant and lactating sows. In the current study, the effects of dietary supplementation with GPS on the immunity of sows and growth of their piglets were investigated. Results showed no significant difference among the four groups in the total number of piglets, live piglets, weak piglets and birth weight of piglets, indicating the GPS-treatment has no adverse effect on reproduction. Furthermore, the weaning weight of the GPS-treated groups was higher than that of control group (P < 0.05); among them, the addition of 200 mg/kg dose has the best effect. Interestingly, GPS increased the total immunoglobulin G concentration in milk and serum of sows (P < 0.05). The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon-γ in milk and serum of sows were also increased in the experimental groups relative to the control (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, maternal supplementation of GPS significantly increased IL-2 and TNF-α concentration in the piglets' serum of the experimental groups relative to control (P < 0.05). GPS (200 mg/kg) significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in milk and serum (P < 0.05), while the concentrations of malondialdehyde were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The present results indicated that GPS supplementation during late pregnancy and lactation improved immunity-related bio-molecular levels in sow serum and milk, which may be further beneficial to piglet health and growth through biological transmission effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yun Xi
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yan Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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