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Marquet-Doleac J, Biotteau M, Tardy M, Broquere M, Marizy E, Faure-Marie N, Lafin N, Dejean S, Chaix Y. PENDAH program for parents with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. French adaptation of a behavioral parent training group: pilot study. Child Neuropsychol 2024:1-26. [PMID: 38456749 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2024.2326246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral parent training (BPT) is recognized as an effective part of the care offered to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this pilot study was to objectively examine the effect that this intervention may have on motor activity, in addition to the measures classically found in this type of study. Parents of 24 school-aged children (6-12 year) with ADHD who met eligibility criteria were enrolled in the study. Before, after and five months after the intervention, we used three-dimensional accelerometers over one-week periods to measure the children's motor activity, and questionnaires for parental stress, quality of life, ADHD symptoms, anxiety and sensory disorders. To measure motor activity, a control group of normotypic children matched for age, sex and socio-professional category was set up. The experimental group showed slight decreases in motor activity compared with the control group, particularly in the classroom. The intervention showed improvements for parents in average stress and quality of life, and for children in average intensity global ADHD symptom, inattention, opposition and aggression, in line with previous studies on the effectiveness of BPT. The trial is the first clinical study to assess the effects of BPT on motor activity in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Marquet-Doleac
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Institute of Psychomotricity, University of Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Maelle Biotteau
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Children's Hospital, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tardy
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Marizy
- Autism Resource Center, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Faure-Marie
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Children's Hospital, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Noemie Lafin
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Children's Hospital, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Sebastien Dejean
- Mathematic Institute of Toulouse, UMR 5219 - CNRS, University of Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Children's Hospital, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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Saura-Garre P, Vicente-Escudero JL, Checa S, Castro M, Fernández V, Alcántara M, Martínez A, López-Soler C. Assessment of hyperactivity-impulsivity and attention deficit in adolescents by self-report and its association with psychopathology and academic performance. Front Psychol 2022; 13:989610. [PMID: 36059738 PMCID: PMC9436423 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.989610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific literature highlights the risk of the appearance of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, together with difficulties in the academic area, linked to diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This is normally assessed by teachers and primary caregivers, disregarding the self-perception of the adolescents themselves, which limits detection of this disorder at an evolutionary stage. Our aim was to analyze the psychometric properties of a self-report for ADHD in adolescence and its relationship with psychopathology and academic performance. This study assessed an incidental sample of 267 students from secondary schools in the Region of Murcia, Spain, using the EDAH questionnaire adapted for self-report, in order to analyze its psychometric properties in assessing ADHD. The Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) were also used to determine their association with psychopathological, self-control and academic performance variables. An ADHD prevalence of between 3.7 and 13.1% was observed depending on the established cut-off point. The adapted EDAH showed adequate reliability indices (α = 0.818; ω = 0.817) and explained a high variance percentage (50.655%). Adolescents with anxiety/depression difficulties, dissocial behavior, aggressiveness, and poor performance in mathematics showed a higher amount of ADHD symptoms. Moreover, self-control, dissocial behavior, age, and performance in Social Sciences acted as predictors of the disorder. The good psychometric properties of this questionnaire and its adequate correspondence with other variables of interest suggest it is an appropriate self-report instrument to assess ADHD in adolescence.
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Berenguer C, Rosello B, Miranda A. Mothers' stress and behavioral and emotional problems in children with ADHD. Mediation of coping strategies. Scand J Psychol 2020; 62:141-149. [PMID: 32920860 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared mothers' stress and the behavioral/emotional problems of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and children with typical development (TD). Furthermore, the relationships among the mothers' stress, the children's behavioral/emotional problems, and the mothers' coping strategies in both groups were identified. The contribution of behavioral/emotional problems to parenting stress in children with ADHD was also studied through mediation effects of the mothers' coping strategies. The parenting stress, coping orientation to problems, and strengths and difficulties questionnaires were administered to 72 mothers of children from 7 to 11 years old: 35 with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD and 37 with typical development. The comparison analyses showed that the mothers' stress and the behavioral/emotional problems of their children were significantly higher in the group with ADHD than in the group without ADHD. Correlation analyses revealed different correlation patterns in the two groups, with behavioral/emotional problems significantly associated with parenting stress and with the disengagement and cognitive reframing coping reported by the mothers of children with ADHD. In addition, the disengagement coping strategy was a significant mediator in the relationship between behavioral/emotional problems and mothers' stress, according to the mediation analysis. The findings illustrate the need to include training in both behavioral strategies and coping strategies in counseling in order to help mothers buffer the impact of stress. This work is supported by the project PSI2016-78109 (AEI/FEDER, UE) and by University of Valencia UV-INV-PREDOC15-265889.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Berenguer
- Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Belen Rosello
- Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Miranda
- Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Brinksma DM, Dietrich A, de Bildt A, Buitelaar JK, van den Hoofdakker BJ, Hoekstra PJ, Hartman CA. ADHD symptoms across adolescence: the role of the family and school climate and the DRD4 and 5-HTTLPR genotype. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1049-1061. [PMID: 31628528 PMCID: PMC7369263 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined bidirectional relations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and family and school climate, and the possible role of DRD4 and/or 5-HTTLPR genotypes herein. Three-wave longitudinal data of 1860 adolescents (mean ages 11, 13.5, and 16 years) from the general population and clinic-referred cohort of TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey were used. Using a multigroup Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model, we tested between-person (i.e., stable trait levels) and within-person (i.e., causal processes) associations across ADHD symptoms, family and school climate, and the extent to which these depended on genotype. Findings indicated no influence of genotype. Results did show significant between-person differences (ADHD symptoms with family climate r = .38; and school climate r = .23, p values < .001), indicating that higher stable levels of ADHD symptoms were associated with a less favorable family and school climate. Regarding within-person causal processes, ADHD symptoms predicted a less favorable family climate in early adolescence (β = .16, p < .01), while ADHD symptoms predicted a more favorable family climate in the later phase of adolescence (β = - .11, p < .01), a finding which we explain by normative developmental changes during adolescence. Overall, this study showed that negative associations between ADHD symptoms and both family and school climate are largely explained by stable between-person differences. We recommend applying the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Path Model to developmental data to tease stable associations and change processes apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djûke M Brinksma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, XA10, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, XA10, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Bildt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, XA10, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara J van den Hoofdakker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, XA10, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, XA10, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Cogmed training on working memory in adults with ADHD, including the generalization of effects to nonverbal reasoning, executive function in daily life, and ADHD symptoms. Method: Adults of ages 18 to 63 with ADHD were randomly assigned to an experimental group that received the working memory training or to a placebo group that received a low-intensity comparison version of the training. Results: participants in the experimental group showed greater improvement in verbal and visuospatial working memory capacity. Effects persisted 6 months after intervention completion. However, effects did not generalize elsewhere. Conclusion: The results challenge the claims made by Cogmed to the effect that the program is effective in treating attention problems and improving performance in daily life over the long term in adults with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Dentz
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | | | | | - Lucia Romo
- Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
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Roselló B, Berenguer C, Baixauli I, Mira Á, Martinez-Raga J, Miranda A. Empirical examination of executive functioning, ADHD associated behaviors, and functional impairments in adults with persistent ADHD, remittent ADHD, and without ADHD. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:134. [PMID: 32204708 PMCID: PMC7092442 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may continue in adulthood, producing adverse effects. Therefore, identifying factors that help to differentiate characteristics of ADHD persistence and remission has practical implications for evaluation and treatment. The first aim of this study was to analyze differences in executive functions (shift, working memory, inhibition, and plan/organize), symptoms associated with ADHD (inattention, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and self-concept), and functional impairments in adults with persistent ADHD (ADHD-P), with remittent ADHD (ADHD-R), and without ADHD (N-ADHD). The second aim was to study the contribution of functional impairments in these three groups based on executive functions and associated ADHD behaviors. METHODS Participants were 115 adults, 61 with a childhood ADHD diagnosis (40 persisters and 21 remitters) and 54 individuals with typical development. Self-reports were collected on executive functions, symptoms associated with ADHD, and functional impairments. Multivariate Analyses of Variance were conducted to test differences between the ADHD-P, ADHD-R, and N-ADHD groups on the evaluated variables. In addition, analyses were performed using two structural equation models with observed variables (path analyses). RESULTS The results indicated that significant executive and behavioral impairments and adverse functional outcomes in different life domains are related to the diagnostic persistence of ADHD. Recovery from the disorder is associated with better results, although hyperactivity/restlessness behaviors and plan/organize deficits continue to be present in remitter individuals. CONCLUSIONS The ADHD-P and ADHD-R groups showed some differences in their executive, behavioral, and functional impairments. Furthermore, the impairments in each group can be predicted by different executive functions and other symptoms associated with the disorder. These results should be taken into account in order to improve clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Roselló
- grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XDevelopmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Berenguer
- grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XDevelopmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baixauli
- grid.440831.a0000 0004 1804 6963Catholic University of Valencia S. Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Mira
- grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XDevelopmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Martinez-Raga
- grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XUnidad de Psiquiatría y Psicología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Miranda
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Evans S, Sciberras E, Mulraney M. The Relationship Between Maternal Stress and Boys' ADHD Symptoms and Quality of Life: An Australian Prospective Cohort Study. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 50:e33-e38. [PMID: 31653468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study prospectively examined the role of maternal stress in boys' attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and quality of life (QoL). METHODS Children with ADHD (5-13 years) were recruited from 21 pediatric practices and followed up 12 months later (n = 166). Maternal stress was examined at baseline, and boys' ADHD symptoms and QoL were examined at baseline and 12 months later. Linear regressions examined whether baseline maternal stress predicted child ADHD symptoms and QoL 12 months later in a series of adjusted models that accounted for child age, ADHD medication use, neighborhood disadvantage, comorbidities and baseline ADHD symptoms or QoL (full model). RESULTS In the unadjusted model, maternal stress at baseline was significantly associated with more severe parent-reported ADHD symptoms at 12 months, accounting for 5.7% of the variance in ADHD symptoms, but this association was attenuated after adjustments in the full model. Baseline maternal stress was associated with poorer QoL at 12 months in boys in the unadjusted model, accounting for 12.4% of the variance, which remained significant in the full adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Maternal stress is associated with lowered QoL in boys, and may pose a risk for boys' later QoL. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Stress management interventions with mothers of children with ADHD experiencing heightened stress are warranted, and are likely to have a positive impact on mothers as well as children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra Evans
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Emma Sciberras
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Community Health Services Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Mulraney
- Community Health Services Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Guimarães-da-Silva PO, Rovaris DL, Silva KL, Karam RG, Rohde LA, Grevet EH, Bau CHD. Exploring neuropsychological predictors of ADHD remission or persistence during adulthood. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2018; 23:321-328. [PMID: 30092701 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1506324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula O Guimarães-da-Silva
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Diego L Rovaris
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Katiane L Silva
- b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,c CESUCA-Faculdade Inedi , Cachoeirinha , Brazil
| | - Rafael G Karam
- b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Luis A Rohde
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,e Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Jaite C, van Noort BM, Vloet TD, Graf E, Kappel V, Geissler J, Warnke A, Jacob C, Groß-Lesch S, Hennighausen K, Haack-Dees B, Schneider-Momm K, Philipsen A, Matthies S, Rösler M, Retz W, Hänig S, von Gontard A, Sobanski E, Alm B, Hohmann S, Häge A, Poustka L, Colla M, Gentschow L, Freitag CM, Becker K, Jans T. A multicentre randomized controlled trial on trans-generational attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in mothers and children (AIMAC): an exploratory analysis of predictors and moderators of treatment outcome. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2018; 47:49-65. [PMID: 30084719 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined predictors and moderators of treatment outcome in mothers and children diagnosed with ADHD in a large multicentre RCT. METHOD In total, 144 mother-child dyads with ADHD were randomly assigned to either a maternal ADHD treatment (group psychotherapy and open methylphenidate medication, TG) or to a control treatment (individual counselling without psycho- or pharmacotherapy, CG). After maternal ADHD treatment, parent-child training (PCT) for all mother-child dyads was added. The final analysis set was based on 123 dyads with completed primary outcome assessments (TG: n = 67, CG: n = 56). The primary outcome was the change in each child's externalizing symptoms. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The severity of the child's externalizing problem behaviour in the family at baseline predicted more externalizing symptoms in the child after PCT, independent of maternal treatment. When mothers had a comorbid depression, TG children showed more externalizing symptoms after PCT than CG children of depressive mothers. No differences between the treatment arms were seen in the mothers without comorbid depression. CONCLUSIONS Severely impaired mothers with ADHD and depressive disorder are likely to need additional disorder-specific treatment for their comorbid psychiatric disorders to effectively transfer the contents of the PCT to the home situation (CCTISRCTN73911400).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jaite
- 1a aa) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy
| | - Betteke Maria van Noort
- 1a aa) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy
| | - Timo D Vloet
- 2b bb) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy
| | - Erika Graf
- 3 University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty and Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viola Kappel
- 1a aa) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy
| | - Julia Geissler
- 2b bb) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy
| | - Andreas Warnke
- 2b bb) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy
| | - Christian Jacob
- 2a aa) Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy.,8 Hospital of Nürtingen, Nürtingen, Germany, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | - Silke Groß-Lesch
- 2a aa) Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy.,12 Schloss Werneck, Werneck, Germany, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
| | - Klaus Hennighausen
- 3b bb) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
| | - Barbara Haack-Dees
- 3b bb) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
| | - Katja Schneider-Momm
- 3b bb) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- 3a aa) Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy.,9 University Hospital Bonn, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Retz
- 4a aa) Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry.,10 University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Susann Hänig
- 4b bb) Saarland University Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | - Alexander von Gontard
- 4b bb) Saarland University Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | - Esther Sobanski
- 5a aa) Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy.,13 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | - Barbara Alm
- 5a aa) Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- 5b bb) Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | - Alexander Häge
- 5b bb) Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | - Luise Poustka
- 5b bb) Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy.,11 Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Michael Colla
- 14 Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | - Laura Gentschow
- 1b bb) Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | - Christine M Freitag
- 4b bb) Saarland University Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy.,7 Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy
| | - Katja Becker
- 5b bb) Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy.,6 Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | - Thomas Jans
- 2b bb) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy
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Roy A, Hechtman L, Arnold LE, Sibley MH, Molina BSG, Swanson JM, Howard AL. Childhood Factors Affecting Persistence and Desistence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adulthood: Results From the MTA. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:937-944.e4. [PMID: 27806861 PMCID: PMC5117682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine childhood factors that predict attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persistence and desistence in adulthood. METHOD Regression analyses were used to determine associations between childhood factors and adult ADHD symptom persistence in 453 participants (mean age, 25 years) from the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA). Childhood IQ, total number of comorbidities, child-perceived parenting practices, child-perceived parent-child relationships, parental mental health problems, marital problems of parents, household income levels, and parental education were assessed at a mean age of 8 years in all participants. Adult ADHD persistence was defined using DSM-5 symptom counts either with or without impairment, as well as mean ADHD symptom scores on the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS). Age, sex, MTA site, and childhood ADHD symptoms were covaried. RESULTS The most important childhood predictors of adult ADHD symptom persistence were initial ADHD symptom severity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.89, standard error [SE] = 0.28, p = .025), comorbidities (OR = 1.19, SE = 0.07, p = .018), and parental mental health problems (OR = 1.30, SE = 0.09, p = .003). Childhood IQ, socioeconomic status, parental education, and parent-child relationships showed no associations with adult ADHD symptom persistence. CONCLUSION Initial ADHD symptom severity, parental mental health, and childhood comorbidity affect persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood. Addressing these areas early may assist in reducing adult ADHD persistence and functioning problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Roy
- Division of Child Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lily Hechtman
- Division of Child Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - James M Swanson
- Child Development Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine
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