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Li N, Yin L, Shang J, Liang M, Liu Z, Yang H, Qiang G, Du G, Yang X. Kaempferol attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic mice via the Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115113. [PMID: 37418974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases with limited treatment options. Moreover, its prevalence is doubled in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Kaempferol (KAP) is a flavonoid compound that has been suggested to have beneficial effects on NAFLD, but studies on the mechanism are lacking, especially in the diabetic state. Herein, we investigated the effect of KAP on NAFLD associated with T2DM and its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. The results of in vitro studies indicated that KAP treatment (10-8-10-6 M) significantly reduced lipid accumulation in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells. Moreover, in the T2DM animal model of db/db mice, we confirmed that KAP (50 mg/kg) significantly reduced lipid accumulation and improved liver injury. Mechanistic studies in vitro and in vivo showed that Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal was involved in KAP regulation of hepatic lipid accumulation. KAP treatment activated Sirt1 and AMPK, upregulated the levels of fatty acid oxidation-related protein proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α); and downregulated lipid synthesis-related proteins, including acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Furthermore, the curative effect of KAP on lipid accumulation was abolished by siRNA-mediated knockdown of either Sirt1 or AMPK. Collectively, these findings suggest that KAP may be a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD associated with T2DM by regulating hepatic lipid accumulation through activation of Sirt1/AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Jiamin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meidai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guifen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Gehrke N, Hofmann LJ, Straub BK, Rühle F, Waisman A, Galle PR, Schattenberg JM. Hepatic interleukin-1 receptor type 1 signalling regulates insulin sensitivity in the early phases of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1048. [PMID: 36101976 PMCID: PMC9471277 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with hepatic as well as systemic insulin resistance even in the absence of type 2 diabetes. The extent and pathways through which hepatic inflammation modulates insulin sensitivity in NAFLD are only partially understood. We explored the contribution of hepatic interleukin (IL)-1 signalling in a novel conditional knockout mouse model and expand the knowledge on this signalling pathway with regard to its liver-specific functions. METHODS A high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFD) over 12 weeks was used in male hepatocyte-specific IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) knockout mice (Il1r1Hep-/- ) and wild-type (WT) littermates. RESULTS Both genotypes developed an obese phenotype and accompanying macrovesicular hepatic steatosis. In contrast to WT mice, microvesicular steatosis and ballooning injury was less pronounced in HFD-fed Il1r1Hep-/- mice, and alanine aminotransferase remained in the normal range. This was paralleled by the suppression of injurious and proinflammatory hepatic c-Jun N-terminal kinases and extracellular signal-regulated kinases signalling, stable peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha and farnesoid X receptor-alpha expression and preservation of mitochondrial function. Strikingly, despite HFD-feeding Il1r1Hep-/- mice remained highly insulin sensitive as indicated by lower insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, higher glucose tolerance, more stable hepatic insulin signalling cascade, and less adipose tissue inflammation compared to the WT. CONCLUSIONS The current data highlights that hepatocyte IL-1R1 contributes to hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance. Future liver-directed therapies in NAFLD could have effects on insulin sensitivity when improving hepatic inflammation and IL-1R1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gehrke
- I. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz55131Germany
| | - Lea J. Hofmann
- I. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz55131Germany
| | - Beate K. Straub
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Frank Rühle
- Bioinformatics Core FacilityInstitute of Molecular Biology (IMB)MainzGermany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Research Center for ImmunotherapyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Peter R. Galle
- I. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz55131Germany
- Research Center for ImmunotherapyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Jörn M. Schattenberg
- I. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz55131Germany
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Gogulamudi VR, Machin DR, Henson GD, Lim J, Bramwell RC, Durrant JR, Donato AJ, Lesniewski LA. Sirt1 overexpression attenuates Western-style diet-induced aortic stiffening in mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15284. [PMID: 35561022 PMCID: PMC9101596 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular disease risk factor in the setting of advancing age and Western diet (WD) induced obesity. Increases in large artery stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), occur within 8 weeks of WD feeding in mice. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), a NAD-dependent deacetylase, regulates cellular metabolic activity and activation of this protein has been associated with vasoprotection in aged mice. The aim of the study was to elucidate the effect of global Sirt1 overexpression (Sirttg ) on WD-induced arterial stiffening. Sirt1 overexpression did not influence PWV in normal chow (NC) fed mice. However, PWV was higher in wild-type (WT) mice (p < 0.04), but not in Sirttg mice, after 12 weeks of WD and this effect was independent of changes in blood pressure or the passive pressure diameter relation in the carotid artery. Overexpression of Sirt1 was associated with lower collagen and higher elastin mRNA expression in the aorta of WD fed mice (both p < 0.05). Although MMP2 and MMP3 mRNA were both upregulated in WT mice after WD (both p < 0.05), this effect was reversed in Sirttg mice compared to WT mice fed WD (both p < 0.05). Surprisingly, histologically assessed collagen and elastin quality were unchanged in the aortas of WT or Sirttg mice after WD. However, Sirttg mice were protected from WD-induced glucose intolerance, although there was no difference in insulin tolerance between groups. These findings demonstrate a vasoprotective effect of Sirt1 overexpression that limits the increase in arterial stiffness in response to consumption of a WD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel R. Machin
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Grant D. Henson
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jisok Lim
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | | | - Anthony J. Donato
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical CenterVeteran’s Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical CenterVeteran’s Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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MDG, an Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, inhibits non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 196:23-34. [PMID: 34920070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MDG, a polysaccharide derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, displays a protective effect against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there is no definitive evidence proving the specific mechanism of MDG against NAFLD. The results showed MDG supplementation ameliorated lipid accumulation, liver steatosis, and chronic inflammation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mice. Besides, MDG increased the abundance and diversity of microbial communities in the gut. These effects were mediated by the colonization of fecal microbiota. Further investigation revealed that Akkermansia muciniphila levels correlated negatively with NAFLD development, and lipid metabolism-related signaling might be the key regulator. Our study suggested that MDG treatment could inhibit obesity and the NAFLD process by modulating lipid-related pathways via altering the structure and diversity of gut microbiota. In addition, Akkermansia miniciphila might be a promising candidate in future research into NAFLD.
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Retraction: Fructose Mediated Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Is Attenuated by HO-1-SIRT1 Module in Murine Hepatocytes and Mice Fed a High Fructose Diet. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259219. [PMID: 34735512 PMCID: PMC8568171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Retraction: Lakhani et al. Beneficial Role of HO-1-SIRT1 Axis in Attenuating Angiotensin II-Induced Adipocyte Dysfunction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3205. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810081. [PMID: 34576342 PMCID: PMC8465456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Cheng WL, Li SJ, Lee TI, Lee TW, Chung CC, Kao YH, Chen YJ. Sugar Fructose Triggers Gut Dysbiosis and Metabolic Inflammation with Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:728. [PMID: 34201938 PMCID: PMC8301417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose is a main dietary sugar involved in the excess sugar intake-mediated progression of cardiovascular diseases and cardiac arrhythmias. Chronic intake of fructose has been the focus on the possible contributor to the metabolic diseases and cardiac inflammation. Recently, the small intestine was identified to be a major organ in fructose metabolism. The overconsumption of fructose induces dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which, in turn, increases intestinal permeability and activates host inflammation. Endotoxins and metabolites of the gut microbiota, such as lipopolysaccharide, trimethylamine N-oxide, and short-chain fatty acids, also influence the host inflammation and cardiac biofunctions. Thus, high-fructose diets cause heart-gut axis disorders that promote cardiac arrhythmia. Understanding how gut microbiota dysbiosis-mediated inflammation influences the pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmia may provide mechanisms for cardiac arrhythmogenesis. This narrative review updates our current understanding of the roles of excessive intake of fructose on the heart-gut axis and proposes potential strategies for inflammation-associated cardiac vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (S.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Jung Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (S.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-I.L.); (T.-W.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-I.L.); (T.-W.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chung
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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8
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Cho YE, Kim DK, Seo W, Gao B, Yoo SH, Song BJ. Fructose Promotes Leaky Gut, Endotoxemia, and Liver Fibrosis Through Ethanol-Inducible Cytochrome P450-2E1-Mediated Oxidative and Nitrative Stress. Hepatology 2021; 73:2180-2195. [PMID: 30959577 PMCID: PMC6783321 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fructose intake is known to induce obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to evaluate the effects of fructose drinking on gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and NAFLD and study the underlying mechanisms in rats, mice, and T84 colon cells. Levels of ileum junctional proteins, oxidative stress markers, and apoptosis-related proteins in rodents, T84 colonic cells, and human ileums were determined by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence analyses. Fructose drinking caused microbiome change, leaky gut, and hepatic inflammation/fibrosis with increased levels of nitroxidative stress marker proteins cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitrated proteins in small intestine and liver of rodents. Fructose drinking significantly elevated plasma bacterial endotoxin levels, likely resulting from decreased levels of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins (zonula occludens 1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-4), adherent junction (AJ) proteins (β-catenin and E-cadherin), and desmosome plakoglobin, along with α-tubulin, in wild-type rodents, but not in fructose-exposed Cyp2e1-null mice. Consistently, decreased intestinal TJ/AJ proteins and increased hepatic inflammation with fibrosis were observed in autopsied obese people compared to lean individuals. Furthermore, histological and biochemical analyses showed markedly elevated hepatic fibrosis marker proteins in fructose-exposed rats compared to controls. Immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblot analyses revealed that intestinal TJ proteins were nitrated and ubiquitinated, leading to their decreased levels in fructose-exposed rats. Conclusion: These results showed that fructose intake causes protein nitration of intestinal TJ and AJ proteins, resulting in increased gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis, at least partly, through a CYP2E1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,,Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Kyungpook, South Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Yoo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. B. J. Song, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA.
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9
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Li SW, Takahara T, Que W, Fujino M, Guo WZ, Hirano SI, Ye LP, Li XK. Hydrogen-rich water protects against liver injury in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through HO-1 enhancement via IL-10 and Sirt 1 signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G450-G463. [PMID: 33439102 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00158.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) could progress to hepatic fibrosis in the absence of effective control. The purpose of our experiment was to investigate the protective effect of drinking water with a high concentration of hydrogen, namely, hydrogen-rich water (HRW), on mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to elucidate the mechanism underlying the therapeutic action of molecular hydrogen. The choline-supplemented, l-amino acid-defined (CSAA) or the choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 20 wk was used to induce NASH and fibrosis in the mice model and simultaneously treated with the high-concentration 7-ppm HRW for different periods (4 wk, 8 wk, and 20 wk). Primary hepatocytes were stimulated by palmitate to mimic liver lipid metabolism during fatty liver formation. Primary hepatocytes were cultured in a closed vessel filled with 21% O2 + 5% CO2 + 3.8% H2 and N2 as the base gas to verify the response of primary hepatocytes in a high concentration of hydrogen gas in vitro. Mice in the CSAA + HRW group had lower serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and milder histological damage. The inflammatory cytokines were expressed at lower levels in the HRW group than in the CSAA group. Importantly, HRW reversed hepatocyte fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis as well as hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in preexisting hepatic fibrosis specimens. Molecular hydrogen inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of inflammation cytokines through increasing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Furthermore, HRW improved hepatic steatosis in the CSAA + HRW group. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) induction by molecular hydrogen via the HO-1/adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) pathway suppresses palmitate-mediated abnormal fat metabolism. Orally administered HRW suppressed steatosis induced by CSAA and attenuated fibrosis induced by CDAA, possibly by reducing oxidative stress and the inflammation response.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the HRW group was lower than in the CSAA group. HRW reversed hepatocyte apoptosis as well as hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in NASH specimens. Molecular hydrogen inhibits LPS-induced inflammation via an HO-1/interleukin 10 (IL-10)-independent pathway. HRW improved hepatic steatosis in the CSAA + HRW group. Sirt1 induction by molecular hydrogen via the HO-1/AMPK/PPARα/PPARγ pathway suppresses palmitate-mediated abnormal fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumi Takahara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Weitao Que
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Li-Ping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Kuehm LM, Khojandi N, Piening A, Klevorn LE, Geraud SC, McLaughlin NR, Griffett K, Burris TP, Pyles KD, Nelson AM, Preuss ML, Bockerstett KA, Donlin MJ, McCommis KS, DiPaolo RJ, Teague RM. Fructose Promotes Cytoprotection in Melanoma Tumors and Resistance to Immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:227-238. [PMID: 33023966 PMCID: PMC7864871 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy relies on the empowerment of the immune system to fight cancer. Why some patients fail to achieve durable clinical responses is not well understood, but unique individual factors such as diet, obesity, and related metabolic syndrome could play a role. The link between obesity and patient outcomes remains controversial and has been mired by conflicting reports and limited mechanistic insight. We addressed this in a C57BL/6 mouse model of diet-induced obesity using a Western diet high in both fats and sugars. Obese mice bearing B16 melanoma or MC38 carcinoma tumors had impaired immune responses to immunotherapy and a reduced capacity to control tumor progression. Unexpectedly, these compromised therapeutic outcomes were independent of body mass and, instead, were directly attributed to dietary fructose. Melanoma tumors in mice on the high-fructose diet were resistant to immunotherapy and showed increased expression of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This increase in HO-1 protein was recapitulated in human A375 melanoma cells exposed to fructose in culture. Induced expression of HO-1 shielded tumor cells from immune-mediated killing and was critical for resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, which could be overcome in vivo using a small-molecule inhibitor of HO-1. This study reveals dietary fructose as a driver of tumor immune evasion, identifying HO-1 expression as a mechanism of resistance and a promising molecular target for combination cancer immunotherapy.See article by Khojandi et al., p. 214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Kuehm
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Niloufar Khojandi
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexander Piening
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lauryn E Klevorn
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Simone C Geraud
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole R McLaughlin
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kristine Griffett
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kelly D Pyles
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Afton M Nelson
- Webster University, Department of Biological Sciences, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mary L Preuss
- Webster University, Department of Biological Sciences, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin A Bockerstett
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maureen J Donlin
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri
- Alvin J. Siteman NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan M Teague
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri.
- Alvin J. Siteman NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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11
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Stec DE, Hinds TD. Natural Product Heme Oxygenase Inducers as Treatment for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9493. [PMID: 33327438 PMCID: PMC7764878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is a critical component of the defense mechanism to a wide variety of cellular stressors. HO induction affords cellular protection through the breakdown of toxic heme into metabolites, helping preserve cellular integrity. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological condition by which the liver accumulates fat. The incidence of NAFLD has reached all-time high levels driven primarily by the obesity epidemic. NALFD can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advancing further to liver cirrhosis or cancer. NAFLD is also a contributing factor to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. There are currently no drugs to specifically treat NAFLD, with most treatments focused on lifestyle modifications. One emerging area for NAFLD treatment is the use of dietary supplements such as curcumin, pomegranate seed oil, milk thistle oil, cold-pressed Nigella Satvia oil, and resveratrol, among others. Recent studies have demonstrated that several of these natural dietary supplements attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis in NAFLD animal models. The beneficial actions of several of these compounds are associated with the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Thus, targeting HO-1 through dietary-supplements may be a useful therapeutic for NAFLD either alone or with lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
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Hahn D, Shin SH, Bae JS. Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Foodstuff or Medicinal Herbs Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1191. [PMID: 33260980 PMCID: PMC7761319 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes heme group degradation. Decreased level of HO-1 is correlated with disease progression, and HO-1 induction suppresses development of metabolic and neurological disorders. Natural compounds with antioxidant activities have emerged as a rich source of HO-1 inducers with marginal toxicity. Here we discuss the therapeutic role of HO-1 in obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease and hepatic fibrosis, and present important signaling pathway components that lead to HO-1 expression. We provide an updated, comprehensive list of natural HO-1 inducers in foodstuff and medicinal herbs categorized by their chemical structures. Based on the continued research in HO-1 signaling pathways and rapid development of their natural inducers, HO-1 may serve as a preventive and therapeutic target for metabolic and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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13
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Budbazar E, Rodriguez F, Sanchez JM, Seta F. The Role of Sirtuin-1 in the Vasculature: Focus on Aortic Aneurysm. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1047. [PMID: 32982786 PMCID: PMC7477329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (SirT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase and the best characterized member of the sirtuins family in mammalians. Sirtuin-1 shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, where it deacetylates histones and non-histone proteins involved in a plethora of cellular processes, including survival, growth, metabolism, senescence, and stress resistance. In this brief review, we summarize the current knowledge on the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-senescence effects of SirT1 with an emphasis on vascular diseases. Specifically, we describe recent research advances on SirT1-mediated molecular mechanisms in aortic aneurysm (AA), and how these processes relate to oxidant stress and the heme-oxygenase (HO) system. HO-1 and HO-2 catalyze the rate-limiting step of cellular heme degradation and, similar to SirT1, HO-1 exerts beneficial effects in the vasculature through the activation of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative signaling pathways. SirT1 and HO-1 are part of an integrated system for cellular stress tolerance, and may positively interact to regulate vascular function. We further discuss sex differences in HO-1 and SirT1 activity or expression, and the potential interactions between the two proteins, in relation to the progression and severity of AA, as well as the ongoing efforts for translational applications of SirT1 activation and HO-1 induction in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhjargal Budbazar
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisca Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute in Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Sanchez
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute in Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Fauste E, Rodrigo S, Aguirre R, Donis C, Rodríguez L, Álvarez-Millán JJ, Panadero MI, Otero P, Bocos C. Maternal Fructose Intake Increases Liver H 2 S Synthesis but Exarcebates its Fructose-Induced Decrease in Female Progeny. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000628. [PMID: 32754997 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Fructose intake from added sugars correlates with the epidemic rise in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, consumption of beverages containing fructose is allowed during gestation. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a well-known risk factor for CVD while hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), a product of its metabolism, has been proved to exert opposite effects to Hcy. METHODS AND RESULTS First, it is investigated whether maternal fructose intake produces subsequent changes in Hcy metabolism and H2 S synthesis of the progeny. Carbohydrates are supplied to pregnant rats in drinking water (10% wt/vol) throughout gestation. Adult female descendants from fructose-fed, control or glucose-fed mothers are studied. Females from fructose-fed mothers have elevated homocysteinemia, hepatic H2 S production, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) (the key enzyme in H2 S synthesis) expression and plasma H2 S, versus the other two groups. Second, it is studied how adult female progeny from control (C/F), fructose- (F/F), and glucose-fed (G/F) mothers responded to liquid fructose and compared them to the control group (C/C). Interestingly, hepatic CSE expression and H2 S synthesis are diminished by fructose intake, this effect being more pronounced in F/F females. CONCLUSION Maternal fructose intake produces a fetal programming that increases hepatic H2 S production and, in contrast, exacerbates its fructose-induced drop in female progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fauste
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodrigo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Aguirre
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Cristina Donis
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | | | - María I Panadero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Paola Otero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Carlos Bocos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
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15
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Tun S, Spainhower CJ, Cottrill CL, Lakhani HV, Pillai SS, Dilip A, Chaudhry H, Shapiro JI, Sodhi K. Therapeutic Efficacy of Antioxidants in Ameliorating Obesity Phenotype and Associated Comorbidities. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1234. [PMID: 32903449 PMCID: PMC7438597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been a worldwide epidemic for decades. Despite the abundant increase in knowledge regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity, the prevalence continues to rise with estimates predicting considerably higher numbers by the year 2030. Obesity is characterized by an abnormal lipid accumulation, however, the physiological consequences of obesity are far more concerning. The development of the obesity phenotype constitutes dramatic alterations in adipocytes, along with several other cellular mechanisms which causes substantial increase in systemic oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These alterations promote a chronic state of inflammation in the body caused by the redox imbalance. Together, the systemic oxidative stress and chronic inflammation plays a vital role in maintaining the obese state and exacerbating onset of cardiovascular complications, Type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and other conditions where obesity has been linked as a significant risk factor. Because of the apparent role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of obesity, there has been a growing interest in attenuating the pro-oxidant state in obesity. Hence, this review aims to highlight the therapeutic role of antioxidants, agents that negate pro-oxidant state of cells, in ameliorating obesity and associated comorbidities. More specifically, this review will explore how various antioxidants target unique and diverse pathways to exhibit an antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tun
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Caleb James Spainhower
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Cameron Lee Cottrill
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Hari Vishal Lakhani
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Sneha S Pillai
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Anum Dilip
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Hibba Chaudhry
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
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16
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Raffaele M, Licari M, Amin S, Alex R, Shen HH, Singh SP, Vanella L, Rezzani R, Bonomini F, Peterson SJ, Stec DE, Abraham NG. Cold Press Pomegranate Seed Oil Attenuates Dietary-Obesity Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis through Antioxidant and Mitochondrial Pathways in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155469. [PMID: 32751794 PMCID: PMC7432301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether the dietary supplementation of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) exerted a protective effect on liver lipid uptake, fibrosis, and mitochondrial function in a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance. Method: In this in vivo study, eight-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed with a high fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks and then were divided into three groups as follows: group (1) Lean; group (n = 6) (2) HF diet; group (n = 6) (3) HF diet treated with PSO (40 mL/kg food) (n = 6) for eight additional weeks starting at 24 weeks. Physiological parameters, lipid droplet accumulation, inflammatory biomarkers, antioxidant biomarkers, mitochondrial biogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic fibrosis were determined to examine whether PSO intervention prevents obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Results: The PSO group displayed an increase in oxygen consumption, as well as a decrease in fasting glucose and blood pressure (p < 0.05) when compared to the HFD-fed mice group. PSO increased both the activity and expression of hepatic HO-1, downregulated inflammatory adipokines, and decreased hepatic fibrosis. PSO increased the levels of thermogenic genes, mitochondrial signaling, and lipid metabolism through increases in Mfn2, OPA-1, PRDM 16, and PGC1α. Furthermore, PSO upregulated obesity-mediated hepatic insulin receptor phosphorylation Tyr-972, p-IRB tyr1146, and pAMPK, thereby decreasing insulin resistance. Conclusions: These results indicated that PSO decreased obesity-mediated insulin resistance and the progression of hepatic fibrosis through an improved liver signaling, as manifested by increased insulin receptor phosphorylation and thermogenic genes. Furthermore, our findings indicate a potential therapeutic role for PSO in the prevention of obesity-associated NAFLD, NASH, and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (M.R.); (M.L.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (H.-h.S.); (S.P.S.)
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Licari
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (M.R.); (M.L.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (H.-h.S.); (S.P.S.)
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sherif Amin
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (M.R.); (M.L.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (H.-h.S.); (S.P.S.)
| | - Ragin Alex
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (M.R.); (M.L.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (H.-h.S.); (S.P.S.)
| | - Hsin-hsueh Shen
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (M.R.); (M.L.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (H.-h.S.); (S.P.S.)
| | - Shailendra P. Singh
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (M.R.); (M.L.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (H.-h.S.); (S.P.S.)
- Departments of Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (R.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (R.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Stephen J. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA;
| | - David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Correspondence: (D.E.S.); (N.G.A.); Tel.: +601-954-3109 (D.E.S.); +914-594-3121 (N.G.A.)
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (M.R.); (M.L.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (H.-h.S.); (S.P.S.)
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.E.S.); (N.G.A.); Tel.: +601-954-3109 (D.E.S.); +914-594-3121 (N.G.A.)
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17
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Variya BC, Bakrania AK, Patel SS. Antidiabetic potential of gallic acid from Emblica officinalis: Improved glucose transporters and insulin sensitivity through PPAR-γ and Akt signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:152906. [PMID: 31064680 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nature has gifted a variety of vital phytochemicals having potential therapeutic application against various ailments. Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis), an ancient plant, has long been used as a remedy for diabetes and cardiovascular complications, and presence of abundant amount of gallic acid could be accountable for its medicinal potential. PURPOSE The study was aimed to determine the in-vivo and in-vitro anti-diabetic potential of gallic acid and fruit juice of E. officinalis. Molecular mechanism of gallic acid as well as fruit juice of E. officinalis for anti-diabetic potential has also been revealed. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY DESIGN Anti-diabetic potential of E. officinalis and gallic acid was evaluated in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and various animal models like db/db mice and fructose administered rats. PPAR-γ expression and glucose translocation were observed using western blot and PCR techniques. RESULTS Treatment of E. officinalis fruit juice and gallic acid facilitated their glucose homeostasis; improved insulin sensitivity; reduced obesity; abridged elevated blood pressure and declined cholesterol level, and also induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mechanistically, treatment increased expression of PPAR-γ through activation of C/EBPs and simultaneously increased Glut4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, gallic acid treatment increased insulin sensitivity through activation of Akt rather than AMPK signaling pathway while fruit juice of E. officinalis showed dual activation, Akt and AMPK as well. CONCLUSION These findings reveal the role of gallic acid in E. officinalis mediated antidiabetic potential, and delineate the upregulation of pAkt, PPAR-γ and Glut4 in gallic acid mediated antidiabetic activity, thus providing potential therapy for diabetes and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh C Variya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Anita K Bakrania
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Snehal S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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18
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Radhakrishnan S, Ke JY, Pellizzon MA. Targeted Nutrient Modifications in Purified Diets Differentially Affect Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Disease Development in Rodent Models. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa078. [PMID: 32494762 PMCID: PMC7250583 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex spectrum of disorders ranging from simple benign steatosis to more aggressive forms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Although not every patient with NAFLD/NASH develops liver complications, if left untreated it may eventually lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Purified diets formulated with specific nutritional components can drive the entire spectrum of NAFLD in rodent models. Although they may not perfectly replicate the clinical and histological features of human NAFLD, they provide a model to gain further understanding of disease progression in humans. Owing to the growing demand of diets for NAFLD research, and for our further understanding of how manipulation of dietary components can alter disease development, we outlined several commonly used dietary approaches for rodent models, including mice, rats, and hamsters, time frames required for disease development and whether other metabolic diseases commonly associated with NAFLD in humans occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia-Yu Ke
- Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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19
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Bellner L, Lebovics NB, Rubinstein R, Buchen YD, Sinatra E, Sinatra G, Abraham NG, McClung JA, Thompson EA. Heme Oxygenase-1 Upregulation: A Novel Approach in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1045-1060. [PMID: 31891663 PMCID: PMC7153645 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Heme oxygenase (HO) plays a pivotal role in both vascular and metabolic functions and is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and adipocytes. Recent Advances: From the regulation of adipogenesis in adipose tissue to the adaptive response of vascular tissue in the ECs, HO plays a critical role in the capability of the vascular system to respond and adjust to insults in homeostasis. Recent studies show that HO-1 through regulation of adipocyte and adipose tissue functions ultimately aid not only in local but also in systemic maintenance of homeostasis. Critical Issues: Recent advances have revealed the existence of a cross talk between vascular ECs and adipocytes in adipose tissue. In the pathological state of obesity, this cross talk contributes to the condition's adverse chronic effects, and we propose that specific targeting of the HO-1 gene can restore signaling pathways and improve both vascular and adipose functions. Future Directions: A complete understanding of the role of HO-1 in regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis is important to comprehend the homeostatic regulation as well as in cardiovascular disease. Efforts are required to highlight the effects and the ability to target the HO-1 gene in models of obesity with an emphasis on the role of pericardial fat on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bellner
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Nachum B Lebovics
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - Yosef D Buchen
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Emilia Sinatra
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Giuseppe Sinatra
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Ellen A Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia
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20
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Heme Oxygenase-1 Suppresses Wnt Signaling Pathway in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Liver Fibrosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4910601. [PMID: 32461992 PMCID: PMC7212281 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4910601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methods Mice were fed with a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 8 weeks to induce steatohepatitis-related liver fibrosis and were treated with HO-1 inducer Hemin and inhibitor ZnPP. Mouse sera were collected for the biochemical analysis, and livers were obtained for further histological observation and gene expression analysis. HSC-T6 cells were cultured for the in vitro study and were administrated with Hemin and si-HO-1 to induce or inhibit the expression of HO-1. qPCR and Western blot were used to assess the mRNA and protein levels of genes. Results MCD-fed mice developed marked macrovesicular steatosis, focal necrosis, and inflammatory infiltration and pericellular fibrosis in liver sections. Administration of Hemin could significantly ameliorate the severity of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis and also could decrease the serum ALT and AST. We demonstrated that HO-1 induction was able to downregulate the key regulator of the canonical Wnt pathway Wnt1 and the noncanonical Wnt pathway Wnt5a. The downstream factors of the Wnt pathway β-catenin and NFAT5 were inhibited by Hemin, but GSK-3β was upregulated compared to the MCD group, which were consistent with the in vitro study. Hemin markedly inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that HO-1 inhibited the activation of canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways in NASH-related liver fibrosis. Thus, these results may suggest a new therapeutic strategy for NASH-related liver fibrosis.
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21
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Wu CW, Nakamoto Y, Hisatome T, Yoshida S, Miyazaki H. Resveratrol and its dimers ε-viniferin and δ-viniferin in red wine protect vascular endothelial cells by a similar mechanism with different potency and efficacy. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:535-542. [PMID: 32118360 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Red wine compounds have been reported to reduce the rate of atherosclerosis by inducing nitric oxide (NO) production and antioxidant enzyme expression in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). The present study compared the effects of the three red wine compounds resveratrol and its dimers, ε-viniferin and δ-viniferin, on VECs function for the first time. Both 5 μM ε-viniferin and δ-viniferin, but not 5 μM resveratrol, significantly stimulated wound repair of VECs. Increased levels of wound repair induced by 10 and 20 μM ε-viniferin were significantly higher than those stimulated by 10 and 20 μM resveratrol, respectively. These stimulatory effects of the three compounds were suppressed by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME. When VECs were exposed to each compound, endothelial NO synthase was activated and the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and HO-1 was induced. Addition of the SIRT1 and HO-1 inhibitors EX527 and ZnPPiX, respectively, suppressed wound repair stimulated by the three compounds, demonstrating that SIRT1 and HO-1 are involved in these wound repair processes. Furthermore, each compound induced the suppression of H2 O2 -dependent reduction of cell viability as well as the expression of the antioxidant enzyme catalase. These data suggest that not only resveratrol, but also its dimers, ε-viniferin and δ-viniferin, may be effective in preventing atherosclerosis by a similar molecular mechanism with different potency and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Wei Wu
- Graduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takumaru Hisatome
- Graduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yoshida
- Faculty of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Faculty of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Wu WY, Ding XQ, Gu TT, Guo WJ, Jiao RQ, Song L, Sun Y, Pan Y, Kong LD. Pterostilbene Improves Hepatic Lipid Accumulation via the MiR-34a/Sirt1/SREBP-1 Pathway in Fructose-Fed Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1436-1446. [PMID: 31927917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High fructose intake promotes hepatic lipid accumulation. Pterostilbene, a natural analogue of resveratrol found in diet berries, exhibits a hepatoprotective property. Here, we studied the protection by pterostilbene against fructose-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and explored its possible mechanism. We observed a high expression of microRNA-34a (miR-34a, P < 0.05) and a low expression of its target, sirtuin1 (Sirt1, mRNA: P < 0.01; protein: P < 0.001), with the overactivation of downstream sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) lipogenic pathway (nuclear SREBP-1 protein: P < 0.05; FAS and SCD1 mRNA: P < 0.01), in rat livers, as well as BRL-3A and HepG2 cells, stimulated by fructose. More interestingly, pterostilbene recovered the fructose-disturbed miR-34a expression (0.3-0.5-fold vs fructose control, P < 0.05), Sirt1 protein level (1.2- to 1.5-fold vs fructose control, P < 0.05), and SREBP-1 lipogenic pathway, resulting in significant amelioration of hepatocyte lipid accumulation in animal [hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol (TG&TC) mg/g·wet tissue: 4.90 ± 0.19, 5.23 ± 0.16, 5.20 ± 0.29 vs fructose control 9.73 ± 1.06, P < 0.001; 3.18 ± 0.30, 3.31 ± 0.39, 3.37 ± 0.47 vs 5.67 ± 0.28, P < 0.001] and cell models (BRL-3A TG&TC mmol/g·protein: 0.123 ± 0.011 vs 0.177 ± 0.004, P < 0.001; 0.169 ± 0.011 vs 0.202 ± 0.008, P < 0.05; HepG2: 0.257 ± 0.005 vs 0.303 ± 0.016, P < 0.05; 0.143 ± 0.004 vs 0.201 ± 0.008, P < 0.001). These results provide the experimental evidence supporting the anti-lipogenic effect of pterostilbene against fructose-induced hepatic lipid accumulation via modulating the miR-34a/Sirt1/SREBP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Ding
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Gu
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Lin Song
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
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Pratt R, Lakhani HV, Zehra M, Desauguste R, Pillai SS, Sodhi K. Mechanistic Insight of Na/K-ATPase Signaling and HO-1 into Models of Obesity and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010087. [PMID: 31877680 PMCID: PMC6982200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifaceted pathophysiological condition that has been associated with lipid accumulation, adipocyte dysfunction, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and an altered metabolic profile. Redox imbalance and excessive release of inflammatory mediators have been intricately linked in obesity-associated phenotypes. Hence, understanding the mechanisms of redox signaling pathways and molecular targets exacerbating oxidative stress is crucial in improving health outcomes. The activation of Na/K-ATPase/Src signaling, and its downstream pathways, by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been recently implicated in obesity and subsequent nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which causes further production of ROS creating an oxidant amplification loop. Apart from that, numerous studies have also characterized antioxidant properties of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which is suppressed in an obese state. The induction of HO-1 restores cellular redox processes, which contributes to inhibition of the toxic milieu. The novelty of these independent mechanisms presents a unique opportunity to unravel their potential as molecular targets for redox regulation in obesity and NASH. The attenuation of oxidative stress, by understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and associated mediators, with a targeted treatment modality may provide for improved therapeutic options to combat clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Komal Sodhi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(304)-691-1704; Fax: +1-(914)-347-4956
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Drummond GS, Baum J, Greenberg M, Lewis D, Abraham NG. HO-1 overexpression and underexpression: Clinical implications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 673:108073. [PMID: 31425676 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review we examine the effects of both over- and under-production of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and HO activity on a broad spectrum of biological systems and on vascular disease. In a few instances e.g., neonatal jaundice, overproduction of HO-1 and increased HO activity results in elevated levels of bilirubin requiring clinical intervention with inhibitors of HO activity. In contrast HO-1 levels and HO activity are low in obesity and the HO system responds to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress through increased levels of bilirubin (anti-inflammatory) and CO (anti-apoptotic) and decreased levels of heme (pro-oxidant). Site specific HO-1 overexpression diminishes adipocyte terminal differentiation and lipid accumulation of obesity mediated release of inflammatory molecules. A series of diverse strategies have been implemented that focus on increasing HO-1 and HO activity that are central to reversing the clinical complications associated with diseases including, obesity, metabolic syndrome and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Drummond
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baum
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Menachem Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - David Lewis
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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Raffaele M, Carota G, Sferrazzo G, Licari M, Barbagallo I, Sorrenti V, Signorelli SS, Vanella L. Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase Antioxidant Activity Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080277. [PMID: 31387260 PMCID: PMC6719023 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the development of hepatic fibrosis is caused by changes in redox balance, leading to an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NAFLD patients are at risk of progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), associated to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), coronary heart disease and stroke. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a potent endogenous antioxidant gene that plays a key role in decreasing oxidative stress. The present work was directed to determine whether use of an inhibitor of HO-1 activity affects lipid metabolism and fibrosis process in hepatic cells. Oil Red assay and mRNA analysis were used to evaluate the triglycerides content and the lipid metabolism pathway in HepG2 cells. ROS measurement, RT-PCR and Soluble collagen assay were used to assess the intracellular oxidant, the fibrosis pathway and the soluble collagen in LX2 cells. The activity of HO-1 was inhibited using Tin Mesoporphyrin IX (SnMP). Our study demonstrates that a non-functional HO system results in an increased lipid storage and collagen release in hepatocytes. Consequently, an increase of HO-1 levels may provide a therapeutic approach to address the metabolic alterations associated with NAFLD and its progression to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sferrazzo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Licari
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore S Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Beneficial Role of HO-1-SIRT1 Axis in Attenuating Angiotensin II-Induced Adipocyte Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133205. [PMID: 31261892 PMCID: PMC6650875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiotensin II (Ang II), released by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), contributes to the modulatory role of the RAAS in adipose tissue dysfunction. Investigators have shown that inhibition of AngII improved adipose tissue function and insulin resistance in mice with metabolic syndrome. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a potent antioxidant, has been demonstrated to improve oxidative stress and adipocyte phenotype. Molecular effects of high oxidative stress include suppression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), which is amenable to redox manipulations. The mechanisms involved, however, in these metabolic effects of the RAAS remain incompletely understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that AngII-induced oxidative stress has the potential to suppress adipocyte SIRT1 via down regulation of HO-1. This effect of AngII will, in turn, upregulate mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). The induction of HO-1 will rescue SIRT1, hence improving oxidative stress and adipocyte phenotype. Methods and Results: We examined the effect of AngII on lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines in mouse pre-adipocytes in the presence and absence of cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), HO-1 inducer, tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), and HO-1 inhibitor. Our results show that treatment of mouse pre-adipocytes with AngII increased lipid accumulation, superoxide levels, inflammatory cytokine levels, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and adiponectin levels. This effect was attenuated by HO-1 induction, which was further reversed by SnMP, suggesting HO-1 mediated improvement in adipocyte phenotype. AngII-treated pre-adipocytes also showed upregulated levels of MR and suppressed SIRT1 that was rescued by HO-1. Subsequent treatment with CoPP and SIRT1 siRNA in mouse pre-adipocytes increased lipid accumulation and fatty acid synthase (FAS) levels, suggesting that beneficial effects of HO-1 are mediated via SIRT1. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates for the first time that HO-1 has the ability to restore cellular redox, rescue SIRT1, and prevent AngII-induced impaired effects on adipocytes and the systemic metabolic profile.
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Liu C, Zhu P, Fujino M, Zhu S, Ito H, Takahashi K, Nakajima M, Tanaka T, Zhuang J, Li XK. 5-ALA/SFC Attenuated Binge Alcohol-Induced Gut Leakiness and Inflammatory Liver Disease in HIV Transgenic Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1651-1661. [PMID: 31141180 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) against binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness and inflammatory liver disease in HIV transgenic (TG) rats. METHODS TG rats were treated with 3 consecutive doses of binge ethanol (EtOH) with or without 5-ALA/SFC. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected at 6 hours following the last dose of EtOH. RESULTS Compared with the wild-type (WT) rats, the TG rats showed increased sensitivity to alcohol-mediated inflammation, as evidenced by the significantly elevated levels of serum endotoxin, AST, ALT, ED1, and ED2 staining in liver. In contrast, 5-ALA/SFC improved the above biochemical and histochemical profiles. 5-ALA/SFC also attenuated the up-regulated mRNA expression of leptin and CCL2. Furthermore, down-regulated intestinal ZO-1 protein expression was also inhibited by 5-ALA/SFC. Moreover, the expressions of HO-1, HO-2, Sirt1, and related signal transduction molecules in liver were increased by 5-ALA/SFC. These results demonstrated that 5-ALA/SFC treatment ameliorated binge alcohol exposure liver injury in a rat model of HIV-infected patients by reducing macrophage activation and expression of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and by inducing HO-1, HO-2, and Sirt1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggested that treatment with 5-ALA/SFC has a potential therapeutic effect for binge alcohol exposure liver injury in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuoji Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Song L, Chen TY, Zhao XJ, Xu Q, Jiao RQ, Li JM, Kong LD. Pterostilbene prevents hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition in fructose-induced liver fibrosis through suppressing miR-34a/Sirt1/p53 and TGF-β1/Smads signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1619-1634. [PMID: 30632134 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excessive fructose consumption is a risk factor for liver fibrosis. Pterostilbene protects against liver fibrosis. Here, we investigated the potential role and the mechanisms underlying the hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in fructose-induced liver fibrosis and protection by pterostilbene. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Characteristic features of liver fibrosis in 10% fructose-fed rats and EMT in 5 mM fructose-exposed BRL-3A cells with or without pterostilbene and the change of miR-34a/Sirt1/p53 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smads signalling were examined. MiR-34a inhibitor, miR-34a minic, or p53 siRNA were used to explore the role of miR-34a/Sirt1/p53 signalling in fructose-induced EMT and the action of pterostilbene. KEY RESULTS Pterostilbene prevented fructose-induced liver injury with fibrosis in rats. Fructose caused hepatocyte undergoing EMT, gaining fibroblast-specific protein 1 and vimentin, and losing E-cadherin, effects attenuated by pterostilbene. Moreover, fructose induced miR-34a overexpression in hepatocytes with down-regulated Sirt1, increased p53 and ac-p53, and activated TGF-β1/Smads signalling, whereas these disturbances were suppressed by miR-34a inhibitor. Additionally, miR-34a inhibitor and p53 siRNA prevented TGF-β1-driven hepatocyte EMT under fructose exposure. Pterostilbene down-regulated miR-34a, up-regulated Sirt1, and suppressed p53 activation and TGF-β1/Smads signalling in fructose-stimulated animals and cells but showed no additional effects with miR-34a inhibitor on miR-34a/Sirt1/p53 signalling in fructose-exposed hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results strongly suggest that activation of miR-34a/Sirt1/p53 signalling is required for fructose-induced hepatocyte EMT mediated by TGF-β1/Smads signalling, contributing to liver fibrosis in rats. Pterostilbene exhibits a protective effect against liver fibrosis at least partly through inhibiting miR-34a/Sirt1/p53 signalling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui-Qing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang L, Yao W, Xia J, Wang T, Huang F. Glucagon-Induced Acetylation of Energy-Sensing Factors in Control of Hepatic Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081885. [PMID: 30995792 PMCID: PMC6515121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the central organ of glycolipid metabolism, which regulates the metabolism of lipids and glucose to maintain energy homeostasis upon alterations of physiological conditions. Researchers formerly focused on the phosphorylation of glucagon in controlling liver metabolism. Noteworthily, emerging evidence has shown glucagon could additionally induce acetylation to control hepatic metabolism in response to different physiological states. Through inducing acetylation of complex metabolic networks, glucagon interacts extensively with various energy-sensing factors in shifting from glucose metabolism to lipid metabolism during prolonged fasting. In addition, glucagon-induced acetylation of different energy-sensing factors is involved in the advancement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to liver cancer. Here, we summarize the latest findings on glucagon to control hepatic metabolism by inducing acetylation of energy-sensing factors. Finally, we summarize and discuss the potential impact of glucagon on the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weilei Yao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feiruo Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Molecular hydrogen protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse fatty liver model via regulating HO-1 and Sirt1 expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14019. [PMID: 30232347 PMCID: PMC6145907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver has lower tolerance against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in liver operations, including liver transplantation. Seeking to ameliorate liver injury following I/R in fatty liver, we examined the protective effect of hydrogen (H2) saline on I/R liver injury in a methionine and choline-deficient plus high fat (MCDHF) diet-induced fatty liver mouse model. Saline containing 7 ppm H2 was administrated during the process of I/R. Livers were obtained and analyzed. Primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs) were obtained from fatty liver and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Apoptosis-related proteins and components of the signaling pathway were analyzed after treatment with hydrogen gas. The MCDHF I/R group showed higher levels of AST and ALT in serum, TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells, F4/80 immunopositive cells, mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, constituents of the signaling pathway, pro-apoptotic molecules in liver, and KCs and/or primary hepatocytes, compared to the control group. In contrast, H2 treatment significantly suppressed the signs of I/R injury in fatty liver. Moreover, the expression of Bcl-2, HO-1, and Sirt1 in liver, KCs, and hepatocytes by hydrogen gas were increased, whereas caspase activation, Bax, and acetylation of p53 were suppressed by hydrogen gas. These results demonstrated that H2 treatment ameliorated I/R liver injury in a fatty liver model by reducing hepatocyte apoptosis, inhibiting macrophage activation and inflammatory cytokines, and inducing HO-1 and Sirt1 expression. Taken togather, treatment with H2 saline may have a protective effect and safe therapeutic activity during I/R events, such as in liver transplantation with fatty liver.
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Uremic Toxins Activates Na/K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop Causing Phenotypic Changes in Adipocytes in In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092685. [PMID: 30201874 PMCID: PMC6164729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidant stress plays a key role in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Experimental CKD leads to accumulation of uremic toxins (UT) in the circulation resulting in increased ROS production, which in turn, is known to activate the Na/K-ATPase/ROS amplification loop. Studies in a murine model of obesity have shown that increased oxidative stress in plasma is due to increased ROS and cytokine production from dysfunctional adipocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that adipocytes exposed to UTs will activate the Na/K-ATPase oxidant amplification loop causing redox imbalance and phenotypic alterations in adipocytes. We also aimed to demonstrate that the Na/K-ATPase signaling antagonist, pNaKtide, attenuates these pathophysiological consequences. Methods: In the first set of experiments, 3T3-L1 murine pre-adipocytes were treated with varying concentrations of UTs, indoxyl sulfate (IS) (50, 100 and 250 µM) and p-cresol (50, 100 and 200 µM), with or without pNaKtide (0.7 µM) for five days in adipogenic media, followed by Oil Red O staining to study adipogenesis. RT-PCR analysis was performed to study expression of adipogenic, apoptotic and inflammatory markers, while DHE staining evaluated the superoxide levels in UT treated cells. In a second set of experiments, visceral fat was obtained from the West Virginian population. MSCs were isolated and cultured in adipogenic media for 14 days, which was treated with indoxyl sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 100 µM) with or without pNaKtide (1 µM). MSC-derived adipocytes were evaluated for morphological and molecular analysis of the above markers. Results: Our results demonstrated that 3T3-L1 cells and MSCs-derived adipocytes, treated with UTs, exhibited a significant decrease in adipogenesis and apoptosis through activation of the Na/K-ATPase/ROS amplification loop. The treatment with pNaKtide in 3T3-L1 cells and MSC-derived adipocytes negated the effects of UTs and restored cellular redox in adipocytes. We noted a varying effect of pNaKtide, in adipocytes treated with UTs, on inflammatory markers, adipogenic marker and superoxide levels in 3T3-L1 cells and MSC-derived adipocytes. Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that the Na/K-ATPase/ROS amplification loop activated by elevated levels of UTs has varying effect on phenotypic alterations in adipocytes in various in vitro models. Thus, we propose that, if proven in humans, inhibition of Na/K-ATPase amplification of oxidant stress in CKD patients may ultimately be a novel way to combat adipocyte dysfunction and metabolic imbalance in these patients.
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Kabil SL. Beneficial effects of cilostazol on liver injury induced by common bile duct ligation in rats: Role of SIRT1 signaling pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1341-1350. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soad L. Kabil
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
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Li J, He X, Yang Y, Li M, Xu C, Yu R. Risk assessment of silica nanoparticles on liver injury in metabolic syndrome mice induced by fructose. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:366-374. [PMID: 29448021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effects and the mechanisms of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) on hepatotoxicity in both normal and metabolic syndrome mouse models induced by fructose. Here, we found that SiNPs exposure lead to improved insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome mice, but markedly worsened hepatic ballooning, inflammation infiltration, and fibrosis. Moreover, SiNPs exposure aggravated liver injury in metabolic syndrome mice by causing serious DNA damage. Following SiNPs exposure, liver superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in metabolic syndrome mice were stimulated, which is accompanied by significantly increased malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels as compared to normal mice. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that SiNPs were more readily deposited in the liver mitochondria of metabolic syndrome mice, resulting in more severe mitochondrial injury as compared to normal mice. We speculated that SiNPs-induced mitochondrial injury might be the cause of hepatic oxidative stress, which further lead to a series of liver lesions as observed in mice following SiNPs exposure. Based on these results, it is likely that SiNPs will increase the risk and severity of liver disease in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Therefore, SiNPs should be used cautiously in food additives and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chenke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Nakamura K, Kageyama S, Yue S, Huang J, Fujii T, Ke B, Sosa RA, Reed EF, Datta N, Zarrinpar A, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Heme oxygenase-1 regulates sirtuin-1-autophagy pathway in liver transplantation: From mouse to human. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:1110-1121. [PMID: 29136322 PMCID: PMC5910267 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) represents a major risk factor of early graft dysfunction and a key obstacle to expanding the donor pool in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Although graft autophagy is essential for resistance against hepatic IRI, its significance in clinical OLT remains unknown. Despite recent data identifying heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a putative autophagy inducer, its role in OLT and interactions with sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), a key autophagy regulator, have not been studied. We aimed to examine HO-1-mediated autophagy induction in human OLT and in a murine OLT model with extended (20 hours) cold storage, as well as to analyze the requirement for SIRT1 in autophagy regulation by HO-1. Fifty-one hepatic biopsy specimens from OLT patients were collected under an institutional review board protocol 2 hours after portal reperfusion, followed by Western blot analyses. High HO-1 levels correlated with well-preserved hepatocellular function and enhanced SIRT1/LC3B expression. In mice, HO-1 overexpression by genetically modified HO-1 macrophage therapy was accompanied by decreased OLT damage and increased SIRT1/LC3B expression, whereas adjunctive inhibition of SIRT1 signaling diminished HO-1-mediated hepatoprotection and autophagy induction. Our translational study confirms the clinical relevance of HO-1 cytoprotection and identifies SIRT1-mediated autophagy pathway as a new essential regulator of HO-1 function in IR-stressed OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Nakamura
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
| | - Shi Yue
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
| | - Jing Huang
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
| | - Takehiro Fujii
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
| | - Bibo Ke
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
| | - Rebecca A. Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Nakul Datta
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
| | - Ali Zarrinpar
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
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Mastrocola R, Ferrocino I, Liberto E, Chiazza F, Cento AS, Collotta D, Querio G, Nigro D, Bitonto V, Cutrin JC, Rantsiou K, Durante M, Masini E, Aragno M, Cordero C, Cocolin L, Collino M. Fructose liquid and solid formulations differently affect gut integrity, microbiota composition and related liver toxicity: a comparative in vivo study. J Nutr Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29539590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite clinical findings suggesting that the form (liquid versus solid) of the sugars may significantly affect the development of metabolic diseases, no experimental data are available on the impact of their formulations on gut microbiota, integrity and hepatic outcomes. In the present sudy, C57Bl/6j mice were fed a standard diet plus water (SD), a standard diet plus 60% fructose syrup (L-Fr) or a 60% fructose solid diet plus water (S-Fr) for 12 weeks. Gut microbiota was characterized through 16S rRNA phylogenetic profiling and shotgun sequencing of microbial genes in ileum content and related volatilome profiling. Fructose feeding led to alterations of the gut microbiota depending on the fructose formulation, with increased colonization by Clostridium, Oscillospira and Clostridiales phyla in the S-Fr group and Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae and Dorea in the L-Fr. S-Fr evoked the highest accumulation of advanced glycation end products and barrier injury in the ileum intestinal mucosa. These effects were associated to a stronger activation of the lipopolysaccharide-dependent proinflammatory TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the liver of S-Fr mice than of L-Fr mice. In contrast, L-Fr intake induced higher levels of hepatosteatosis and markers of fibrosis than S-Fr. Fructose-induced ex novo lipogenesis with production of SCFA and MCFA was confirmed by metagenomic analysis. These results suggest that consumption of fructose under different forms, liquid or solid, may differently affect gut microbiota, thus leading to impairment in intestinal mucosa integrity and liver homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mastrocola
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Dept. Internal Medicine, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Dept. of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Erica Liberto
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Fausto Chiazza
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Debora Collotta
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Querio
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Nigro
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bitonto
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Sciences for the Health, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Cutrin
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Sciences for the Health, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Dept. of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Durante
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Dept. of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Massimo Collino
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy.
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Melatonin Modulation of Sirtuin-1 Attenuates Liver Injury in a Hypercholesterolemic Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018. [PMID: 29516009 PMCID: PMC5817311 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7968452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia increases and exacerbates stress signals leading also to liver damage (LD) and failure. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is involved in lifespan extension and it plays an essential role in hepatic lipid metabolism. However, its involvement in liver hypercholesterolemic damage is not yet completely defined. This in vivo study evaluated the role of SIRT1 in the hypercholesterolemic-related LD and, then, investigated how oral supplementation of melatonin, pleiotropic indoleamine, may be protective. Control mice and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE−/−) of 6 and 15 weeks of age were treated or not treated with melatonin at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks. In this study, we evaluated serum biochemical markers, liver SIRT1 expression, and oxidative stress markers. We observed that hypercholesterolemia increased significantly serum cholesterol and triglycerides, reduced significantly liver SIRT1, and, in turn, induced hepatic oxidative stress in untreated ApoE−/− mice with respect to control mice. Interestingly, melatonin treatment improved serum biochemical markers and hepatic morphological impairment and inhibited oxidative stress through its antioxidant properties and also by SIRT1 upregulation. In summary, melatonin oral supplementation may represent a new protective approach to block hypercholesterolemic liver alterations involving also a SIRT1-dependent mechanism.
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Cho RL, Lin WN, Wang CY, Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Lin CC, Yang CM. Heme oxygenase-1 induction by rosiglitazone via PKCα/AMPKα/p38 MAPKα/SIRT1/PPARγ pathway suppresses lipopolysaccharide-mediated pulmonary inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 148:222-237. [PMID: 29309760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), an antioxidant enzyme, induced by rosiglitazone (PPAR ligands) can be a potential treatment of inflammation. However, the mechanisms of rosiglitazone-induced HO-1 expression in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that upregulation of HO-1 in vitro or in vivo by rosiglitazone attenuated VCAM-1 gene expression and monocyte adhesion to HPAEpiCs challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The inhibitory effects of rosiglitazone on LPS-mediated responses were reversed by transfection with HO-1 siRNA. LPS-induced VCAM-1 expression was mediated through NF-κB activation which was attenuated by rosiglitazone via suppressing p65 activation and translocation into the nucleus. Moreover, pretreatment with the inhibitor of PKCs (H7), PKCα (Gö6976), AMPKα (Compound C), p38 MAPKα (p38i VIII), SIRT1 (Sirtinol), or PPARγ (T0070907) and transfection with siRNA of PKCα, AMPKα, p38 MAPKα, SIRT1, or PPARγ abolished the rosiglitazone-induced HO-1 expression in HPAEpiCs. Further studies indicated that rosiglitazone stimulated SIRT1 deacetylase leading to PGC1α translocation from the cytosol into the nucleus, promoting fragmentation of NCoR and phosphorylation of PPARγ. Subsequently, PPARγ was activated by phosphorylation of PKCα, AMPKα, p38 MAPKα, and SIRT1, which turned on transcription of HO-1 gene by binding to PPAR response element (PPRE) and enhancing PPARγ promoter activity. These results suggested that rosiglitazone-induced HO-1 expression is mediated through PKCα/AMPKα/p38 MAPKα/SIRT1-dependent deacetylation of Ac-PGC1α and fragmentation of NCoR/PPARγ activation in HPAEpiCs. Up-regulation of HO-1 protected against the inflammatory responses triggered by LPS, at least in part, through attenuation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-Ling Cho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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38
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Valenzuela-Melgarejo FJ, Caro-Díaz C, Cabello-Guzmán G. Potential Crosstalk between Fructose and Melatonin: A New Role of Melatonin-Inhibiting the Metabolic Effects of Fructose. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7515767. [PMID: 30154843 PMCID: PMC6092995 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7515767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased consumption of energy-dense foods such as fructose-rich syrups represents one of the significant, growing concerns related to the alarming trend of overweight, obesity, and metabolic disorders worldwide. Metabolic pathways affected by fructose involve genes related to lipogenesis/lipolysis, beta-oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation pathways, or altering of circadian production of insulin and leptin. Moreover, fructose can be a risk factor during pregnancy elevating the risk of preterm delivery, hypertension, and metabolic impairment of the mother and fetus. Melatonin is a chronobiotic and homeostatic hormone that can modulate the harmful effects of fructose via clock gene expression and metabolic pathways, modulating the expression of PPARγ, SREBF-1 (SREBP-1), hormone-sensitive lipase, C/EBP-α genes, NRF-1, PGC1α, and uncoupling protein-1. Moreover, this hormone has the capacity in the rat of reverting the harmful effects of fructose, increasing the body weight and weight ratio of the liver, and increasing the body weight and restoring the glycemia from mothers exposed to fructose. The aim of this review is to show the potential crosstalk between fructose and melatonin and their potential role during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Caro-Díaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, Chillán, Chile
| | - Gerardo Cabello-Guzmán
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, Chillán, Chile
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Lakhani HV, Sharma D, Dodrill MW, Nawab A, Sharma N, Cottrill CL, Shapiro JI, Sodhi K. Phenotypic Alteration of Hepatocytes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1591-1599. [PMID: 30588181 PMCID: PMC6299410 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as the most common liver disorder in developed countries. NAFLD progresses from fat accumulation in hepatocytes to steatohepatitis to further stages of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Simple steatosis, i.e. fat deposition in the liver, is considered benign and gives way to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with a higher probability of progressing to cirrhosis, and liver-related mortality. Evidence has been found that this progression has been associated with marked alterations in hepatocyte histology and a shift in marker expression of healthy hepatocytes including increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), adipocyte protein (aP2), CD36, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and adiponectin. This progression shares much in common with the obesity phenotype, which involves a transformation of adipocytes from small, healthy cells to large, dysfunctional ones that contribute to redox imbalance and the progression of metabolic syndrome. Further, activation of Src/ERK signaling via the sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) α-1 subunit in impaired hepatocytes may contribute to redox imbalance, exacerbating the progression of NAFLD. This review hypothesizes that an adipogenic transformation of hepatocytes propagates redox imbalance and that the processes occurring in adipogenesis become activated in fat-laden hepatocytes in liver, thereby driving progression to NAFLD. Further, this review discusses therapeutic interventions to reverse NAFLD including the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and a variety of antioxidant species. The peptide, pNaKtide, which is an antagonist of Na/K-ATPase signaling, is also proposed as a potential pharmacologic option for reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reversing NAFLD by inhibiting the Na/K-ATPase-modulated ROS amplification loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Vishal Lakhani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Dana Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Michael W Dodrill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Athar Nawab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Cameron Lee Cottrill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery, Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
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40
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Lambertz J, Berger T, Mak TW, van Helden J, Weiskirchen R. Lipocalin-2 in Fructose-Induced Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2017; 8:964. [PMID: 29234288 PMCID: PMC5712346 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intake of excess dietary fructose most often leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fructose is metabolized mainly in the liver and its chronic consumption results in lipogenic gene expression in this organ. However, precisely how fructose is involved in NAFLD progression is still not fully understood, limiting therapy. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a small secreted transport protein that binds to fatty acids, phospholipids, steroids, retinol, and pheromones. LCN2 regulates lipid and energy metabolism in obesity and is upregulated in response to insulin. We previously discovered that LCN2 has a hepatoprotective effect during hepatic insult, and that its upregulation is a marker of liver damage and inflammation. To investigate if LCN2 has impact on the metabolism of fructose and thereby arising liver damage, we fed wild type and Lcn2−/− mice for 4 or 8 weeks on diets that were enriched in fructose either by adding this sugar to the drinking water (30% w/v), or by feeding a chow containing 60% (w/w) fructose. Body weight and daily intake of food and water of these mice was then measured. Fat content in liver sections was visualized using Oil Red O stain, and expression levels of genes involved in fat and sugar metabolism were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. We found that fructose-induced steatosis and liver damage was more prominent in female than in male mice, but that the most severe hepatic damage occurred in female mice lacking LCN2. Unexpectedly, consumption of elevated fructose did not induce de novo lipogenesis or fat accumulation. We conclude that LCN2 acts in a lipid-independent manner to protect the liver against fructose-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lambertz
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berger
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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41
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Wu X, Pan B, Wang Y, Liu L, Huang X, Tian J. The protective role of low-concentration alcohol in high-fructose induced adverse cardiovascular events in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1403-1410. [PMID: 29175209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a worldwide public health issue. As fructose consumption is dramatically increasing, it has been demonstrated that a fructose-rich intake would increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, emerging evidences suggest that low concentration alcohol intake may exert a protective effect on cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate whether low-concentration alcohol consumption would prevent the adverse effects on cardiovascular events induced by high fructose in mice. From the results of hematoxylin-eosin staining, echocardiography, heart weight/body weight ratio and the expression of hypertrophic marker ANP, we found high-fructose result in myocardial hypertrophy and the low-concentration alcohol consumption would prevent the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy from happening. In addition, we observed low-concentration alcohol consumption could inhibit mitochondria swollen induced by high-fructose. The elevated levels of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol in high-fructose group were reduced by low concentration alcohol. Low expression levels of SIRT1 and PPAR-γ induced by high-fructose were significantly elevated when fed with low-concentration alcohol. The histone lysine 9 acetylation (acH3K9) level was decreased in PPAR-γ promoter in high-fructose group but elevated when intake with low concentration alcohol. The binding levels of histone deacetylase SIRT1 were increased in the same region in high-fructose group, while the low concentration alcohol can prevent the increased binding levels. Overall, our study indicates that low-concentration alcohol consumption could inhibit high-fructose related myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac mitochondria damaged and disorders of glucose-lipid metabolism. Furthermore, these findings also provide new insights into histone acetylation-deacetylation mechanisms of low-concentration alcohol treatment that may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease induced by high-fructose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wu
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bo Pan
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xupei Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charlie E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Jie Tian
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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42
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The effects of olive leaf extract from a Sicilian cultivar in an experimental model of hepatic steatosis. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-017-0649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Liang Z, Li T, Jiang S, Xu J, Di W, Yang Z, Hu W, Yang Y. AMPK: a novel target for treating hepatic fibrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62780-62792. [PMID: 28977988 PMCID: PMC5617548 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common process of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation following inflammatory injury. Fibrosis is involved in the pathogenesis of almost all liver diseases for which there is no effective treatment. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that can ameliorate the process of hepatic fibrogenesis. Given the existing evidence, we first introduce the basic background of AMPK and hepatic fibrosis and the actions of AMPK in hepatic fibrosis. Second, we discuss the three phases of hepatic fibrosis and potential drugs that target AMPK. Third, we analyze possible anti-fibrosis mechanisms and other benefits of AMPK on the liver. Finally, we summarize and briefly explain the current objections to targeting AMPK. This review may aid clinical and basic research on AMPK, which may be a novel drug candidate for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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44
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Ding RB, Bao J, Deng CX. Emerging roles of SIRT1 in fatty liver diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:852-867. [PMID: 28808418 PMCID: PMC5555103 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver diseases, which are commonly associated with high-fat/calorie diet, heavy alcohol consumption and/or other metabolic disorder causes, lead to serious medical concerns worldwide in recent years. It has been demonstrated that metabolic homeostasis disruption is most likely to be responsible for this global epidemic. Sirtuins are a group of conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent histone and/or protein deacetylases belonging to the silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) family. Among seven mammalian sirtuins, sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1) is the most extensively studied one and is involved in both alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. SIRT1 plays beneficial roles in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, controlling hepatic oxidative stress and mediating hepatic inflammation through deacetylating some transcriptional regulators against the progression of fatty liver diseases. Here we summarize the latest advances of the biological roles of SIRT1 in regulating lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, and discuss the potential of SIRT1 as a therapeutic target for treating alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Bo Ding
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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Wang XX, Ye T, Li M, Li X, Qiang O, Tang CW, Liu R. Effects of octreotide on hepatic glycogenesis in rats with high fat diet‑induced obesity. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:109-118. [PMID: 28534956 PMCID: PMC5482138 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced hepatic glycogenesis is one of the most important causes of metabolic abnormalities in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease. Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, has been demonstrated to promote weight loss and improve metabolic disorders in mice with high fat diet (HFD)‑induced obesity. However, whether octreotide affects hepatic glycogenesis is unknown. The aim of the present study was to verify the effects of octreotide on hepatic glycogenesis in rats with HFD‑induced obesity. Male Sprague‑Dawley rats were fed a standard diet or a HFD for 24 weeks. Obese rats from the HFD group were further divided into a HFD‑control group and an octreotide‑administered group. Rats in the latter group were injected with octreotide for 8 days. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Following sacrifice, their body weights and lengths, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid (FFA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured. In addition, Lee's index and the homeostatic model assessment index were calculated. Hepatic TG, FFA levels and glycogen content were first determined. Hepatic steatosis in the obese rats was assessed based on hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining. Human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells were divided into a control group, a palmitate (PA)‑treated group and a PA + octreotide‑treated group. Establishment of the in vitro fatty liver model using HepG2 cells was confirmed by Oil Red O staining. The expression of phosphorylated Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was detected by western blotting, and glycogen synthase (GS) mRNA levels were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the control group, the body weight, Lee's index, AUC of the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test, levels of FPG, FINS, TG, TC, FFA, ALT and AST, and HOMA index values were significantly increased in the obese rats. The body weight, levels of FPG and FINS, and the HOMA index were significantly reduced following octreotide treatment, whereas the decrease in Lee's index, the blood levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG and FFA, and the AUC did not reach statistical significance. Hepatic TG and FFA levels were significantly increased and hepatic glycogen content was significantly decreased in rats with HFD‑induced obesity when compared with those in the control group. Octreotide intervention restored these alterations. The expression levels of phosphorylated Akt and GSK3β protein expression, as well as GS mRNA levels in the HFD group were lower when compared with those in the control group, whereas octreotide treatment reversed these reductions. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the reduced levels of phosphorylated Akt and GSK3β protein, and GS mRNA in the PA‑treated group were significantly reversed by octreotide treatment. In conclusion, the results indicate that octreotide improved hepatic glycogenesis and decreased FPG concentration in rats with HFD‑induced obesity. These mechanisms may be associated with increased GS activity via the promotion of GSK3β phosphorylation. Therefore, octreotide may be regarded as a novel therapeutic strategy for HFD‑induced obesity and obesity‑associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Wang
- Division of Peptides Related to Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ting Ye
- Division of Peptides Related to Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Mao Li
- Division of Peptides Related to Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xian Li
- Division of Peptides Related to Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ou Qiang
- Division of Peptides Related to Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Wei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Division of Peptides Related to Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Hosick PA, Weeks MF, Hankins MW, Moore KH, Stec DE. Sex-Dependent Effects of HO-1 Deletion from Adipocytes in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030611. [PMID: 28287466 PMCID: PMC5372627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been demonstrated to decrease body weight and improve insulin sensitivity in several models of obesity in rodents. To further study the role of HO-1 in adipose tissue, we created an adipose-specific HO-1 knockout mouse model. Male and female mice were fed either a control or a high-fat diet for 30 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly and body composition, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were determined every six weeks. Adipocyte-specific knockout of HO-1 had no significant effect on body weight in mice fed a high-fat diet but increased body weight in female mice fed a normal-fat diet. Although body weights were not different in females fed a high fat diet, loss of HO-1 in adipocytes resulted in significant alterations in body composition. Adipose-specific HO-1 knockout resulted in increased fasting hyperglycemia and insulinemia in female but not male mice on both diets. Adipose-specific knockout of HO-1 resulted in a significant loss of HO activity and a decrease in the protein levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue. These results demonstrate that loss of HO-1 in adipocytes has greater effects on body fat and fasting hyperglycemia in a sex-dependent fashion and that expression of HO-1 in adipose tissue may have a greater protective role in females as compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Hosick
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
| | - Mary Frances Weeks
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Michael W Hankins
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Kyle H Moore
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Downregulation of PGC-1 α Prevents the Beneficial Effect of EET-Heme Oxygenase-1 on Mitochondrial Integrity and Associated Metabolic Function in Obese Mice. J Nutr Metab 2016; 2016:9039754. [PMID: 28097021 PMCID: PMC5206458 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9039754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives. Obesity and metabolic syndrome and associated adiposity are a systemic condition characterized by increased mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and inhibition of antioxidant genes, HO-1, and EETs levels. We postulate that EETs attenuate adiposity by stimulating mitochondrial function and induction of HO-1 via activation of PGC-1α in adipose and hepatic tissue. Methods. Cultured murine adipocytes and mice fed a high fat (HF) diet were used to assess the functional relationship among EETs, PGC-1α, HO-1, and mitochondrial signaling using an EET-agonist (EET-A) and PGC-1α-deficient cells and mice using lentiviral PGC-1α(sh). Results. EET-A is a potent inducer of PGC-1α, HO-1, mitochondrial biogenesis (cytochrome oxidase subunits 1 and 4 and SIRT3), fusion proteins (Mfn 1/2 and OPA1) and fission proteins (DRP1 and FIS1) (p < 0.05), fasting glucose, BW, and blood pressure. These beneficial effects were prevented by administration of lenti-PGC-1α(sh). EET-A administration prevented HF diet induced mitochondrial and dysfunction in adipose tissue and restored VO2 effects that were abrogated in PGC-1α-deficient mice. Conclusion. EET is identified as an upstream positive regulator of PGC-1α that leads to increased HO-1, decreased BW and fasting blood glucose and increased insulin receptor phosphorylation, that is, increased insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial integrity, and possible use of EET-agonist for treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Rodrigo S, Rodríguez L, Otero P, Panadero MI, García A, Barbas C, Roglans N, Ramos S, Goya L, Laguna JC, Álvarez-Millán JJ, Bocos C. Fructose during pregnancy provokes fetal oxidative stress: The key role of the placental heme oxygenase-1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2700-2711. [PMID: 27545118 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE One of the features of metabolic syndrome caused by liquid fructose intake is an impairment of redox status. We have investigated whether maternal fructose ingestion modifies the redox status in pregnant rats and their fetuses. METHODS AND RESULTS Fructose (10% wt/vol) in the drinking water of rats throughout gestation, leads to maternal hepatic oxidative stress. However, this change was also observed in glucose-fed rats and, in fact, both carbohydrates produced a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity. Surprisingly, mothers fed carbohydrates displayed low plasma lipid oxidation. In contrast, fetuses from fructose-fed mothers showed elevated levels of plasma lipoperoxides versus fetuses from control or glucose-fed mothers. Interestingly, a clearly augmented oxidative stress was observed in placenta of fructose-fed mothers, accompanied by a lower expression of the transcription factor Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and its target gene, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a potent antioxidant molecule. Moreover, histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) that has been proposed to upregulate HO-1 expression by stabilizing Nrf2, exhibited a diminished expression in placenta of fructose-supplemented mothers. CONCLUSIONS Maternal fructose intake provoked an imbalanced redox status in placenta and a clear diminution of HO-1 expression, which could be responsible for the augmented oxidative stress found in their fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodrigo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paola Otero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonia García
- Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Roglans
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERobn, IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Goya
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Laguna
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERobn, IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Bocos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
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EETs and HO-1 cross-talk. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:65-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mota M, Banini BA, Cazanave SC, Sanyal AJ. Molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2016; 65:1049-61. [PMID: 26997538 PMCID: PMC4931958 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of hepatocytes to high concentrations of lipids and carbohydrates and the ensuing hepatocellular injury are termed lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, respectively. A common denominator is metabolic derangement, especially in regards to intracellular energy homeostasis, which is brought on by glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in tissues. In this review, we highlight the lipids and carbohydrates that provoke hepatocyte injury and the mechanisms involved in lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment. Through upregulation of proteins involved in various pathways including PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), CCAAT/enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-1 (JNK), Bcl-2 interacting mediator (BIM), p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and eventually caspases, hepatocytes in lipotoxic states ultimately undergo apoptosis. The protective role of certain lipids and possible targets for pharmacological therapy are explored. Finally, we discuss the role of high fructose and glucose diets in contributing to organelle impairment and poor glucose transport mechanisms, which perpetuate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by shunting of excess carbohydrates into lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Bubu A Banini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sophie C Cazanave
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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