1
|
Palmer J, Bugnot AB, Filippini G, Gribben PE, Varkey D, Erickson K, Dafforn KA. The influence of bioturbator activity on sediment bacterial structure and function is moderated by environment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 201:106702. [PMID: 39213892 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bioturbation in coastal sediments plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling. However, a key knowledge gap is the extent to which bioturbation influences bacterial community diversity and ecosystem processes, such as nitrogen cycling. This study paired bacterial diversity, bioturbation activity and in situ flux measurements of oxygen and nitrogen from bioturbated sediments at six estuaries along the East coast of Australia. Bacterial community diversity, composition and predicted functional profiles were similar across burrow and surface sediments but were significantly influenced by bioturbator activity (measured as number of burrows) at sites with higher fine grain content. Sediment oxygen demand increased with bioturbator activity but changes in nitrogen cycling (as measured by fluxes and predicted bacterial functional gene analysis) were more spatially variable and were unrelated to bioturbator activity and bacterial community shifts. This study highlights how bioturbator activity influences bacterial community structure and functioning and what implications this has for biogeochemical cycles in estuarine sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Palmer
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ana B Bugnot
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; CSIRO Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Giulia Filippini
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia; Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul E Gribben
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deepa Varkey
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Erickson
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neira C, Mendoza GF, Bradley A, Gossett R, Rouse GW, Levin LA. Waste barrel contamination and macrobenthic communities in the San Pedro Basin DDT dumpsite. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116463. [PMID: 38776641 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Industrial waste barrels were discarded from 1947 to 1961 at a DDT dumpsite in the San Pedro Basin (SPB) in southern California, USA at ~890 m. The barrels were studied for effects on sediment concentrations of DDX, PCBs, PAHs and sediment properties, and on benthic macrofaunal assemblages, including metazoan meiofaunal taxa >0.3 mm. DDX concentration was highest in the 2-6 cm fraction of the 10-cm deep cores studied but exhibited no correlation with macrofaunal density, composition or diversity. Macrofaunal diversity was lowest and distinct in sediments within discolored halos surrounding the barrels. Low macrobenthos density and diversity, high dominance by Entoprocta, and numerical prevalence of large nematodes may result from the very low oxygen concentrations in bottom waters (< 4.4 μM). There is potential for macrofauna to remobilize DDX into the water column and ultimately the food web in the SPB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Neira
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0206, United States of America.
| | - Guillermo F Mendoza
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0206, United States of America
| | - Angelica Bradley
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0206, United States of America
| | - Richard Gossett
- Physis Environmental Laboratories, 1904 E. Wright Circle, Anaheim, CA 92806-6028, United States of America
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, United States of America
| | - Lisa A Levin
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0206, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Ma G, Xi Y, Wang S, Zeng X, Jia Y. Divergent adaptation strategies of abundant and rare bacteria to salinity stress and metal stress in polluted Jinzhou Bay. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118030. [PMID: 38151148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how abundant (AT) and rare (RT) taxa adapt to diverse environmental stresses is vital for assessing ecological processes, yet remains understudied. We collected sediment samples from Liaoning Province, China, representing rivers (upstream of wastewater outlet), estuaries (wastewater outlets), and Jinzhou Bay (downstream of wastewater outlets), to comprehensively evaluate AT and RT adaptation strategies to both natural stressors (salinity stress) and anthropogenic stressors (metal stress). Generally, RT displayed higher α- and β-diversities and taxonomic groups compared to AT. Metal and salinity stresses induced distinct α-diversity responses in AT and RT, while β-diversity remained consistent. Both subcommunities were dominated by Woeseia genus. Metal stress emerged as the primary driver of diversity and compositional discrepancies in AT and RT. Notably, AT responded more sensitively to salinity stress than RT. Stress increased topological parameters in the biotic network of AT subcommunities while decreasing values in RT subcommunities, concurrently loosening interactions of AT with other taxa and strengthening interactions of RT with others in biotic networks. RT generally exhibited greater diversity of metal resistance genes compared to AT. Greater numbers of genes related to salinity tolerance was observed for the RT than for AT. Compared to AT, RT demonstrated higher diversity of metal resistance genes and a greater abundance of genes associated with salinity tolerance. Additionally, deterministic processes governed AT community assembly, reinforced by salinity stress. However, the opposite trend was observed in the RT, where the importance of stochastic process gradually increased with metal stresses. The study is centered on exploring the adaptation strategies of both AT and RT to environmental stress. It underscores the importance of future research incorporating diverse ecosystems and a range of environmental stressors to draw broader and more reliable conclusions. This comprehensive approach is essential for gaining a thorough understanding of the adaptive mechanisms employed by these microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Guoqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yimei Xi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| | - Yongfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Parks M, Lee JS, Camua K, Hollender E. Turtle species and ecology drive carapace microbiome diversity in three seasonally interconnected wetland habitats. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000682.v3. [PMID: 38361649 PMCID: PMC10866032 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000682.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Different species of freshwater turtles exhibit primary behaviours ranging from aerial basking to benthic bottom-walking, cycle between wet and dry conditions at different time intervals, and undertake short-distance overland movements between aquatic habitats. These behaviours in turn may impact the accumulation of microbes on external shell surfaces of turtles and provide novel niches for differentiation of microbial communities. We assessed microbial diversity using 16S and 18S rRNA metabarcoding on carapace surfaces of six species of freshwater turtles residing in three adjacent and seasonally interconnected wetland habitats in southeast Oklahoma (United States). Communities were highly diverse, with nearly 4200 prokaryotic and 500 micro-eukaryotic amplicon sequence variants recovered, and included taxa previously reported as common or differentially abundant on turtle shells. The 16S rRNA alpha diversity tended to be highest for two species of benthic turtles, while 18S rRNA alpha diversity was highest for two basking and one shallow-water benthic species. Beta diversity of communities was more strongly differentiated by turtle species than by collection site, and ordination patterns were largely reflective of turtle species' primary habits (i.e. benthic, basking, or benthic-basking). Our data support that freshwater turtles could play a role in microbial ecology and evolution in freshwater habitats and warrant additional exploration including in areas with high native turtle diversity and inter-habitat turtle movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Parks
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N University Drive, Edmond, Oklahoma 73034, USA
| | - Jun Sheng Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N University Drive, Edmond, Oklahoma 73034, USA
- DNA Reference Lab, 5282 Medical Dr. Suite 312, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Kassandra Camua
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N University Drive, Edmond, Oklahoma 73034, USA
| | - Ethan Hollender
- Department of Biological Sciences, 601 Science Engineering Hall, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gonzalez SV, Dafforn KA, Gribben PE, O'Connor WA, Johnston EL. Organic enrichment reduces sediment bacterial and archaeal diversity, composition, and functional profile independent of bioturbator activity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115608. [PMID: 37797537 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a worldwide issue that can disrupt ecosystem processes in sediments. Studies have shown that macrofauna influences sediment processes by engineering environments that constrain microbial communities. Here, we explored the effect of different sizes of the Sydney cockle (Anadara trapezia), on bacterial and archaeal communities in natural and experimentally enriched sediments. A mesocosm experiment was conducted with two enrichment conditions (natural or enriched) and 5 cockle treatments (small, medium, large, mixed sizes and a control). This study was unable to detect A. trapezia effects on microbial communities irrespective of body size. However, a substantial decrease of bacterial richness, diversity, and structural and functional shifts, were seen with organic enrichment of sediments. Archaea were similarly changed although the magnitude of effect was less than for bacteria. Overall, we found evidence to suggest that A. trapezia had limited capacity to affect sediment microbial communities and mitigate the effects of organic enrichment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vadillo Gonzalez
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Sydney, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul E Gribben
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052 Sydney, Australia; Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries NSW, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW 2316, Australia
| | - Emma L Johnston
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou M, Hou Y, Jia R, Li B, Zhu J. Effects of Bellamya purificata Cultivation at Different Stocking Densities on the Dynamics and Assembly of Bacterial Communities in Sediment. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020254. [PMID: 36830624 PMCID: PMC9953186 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To optimize the integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) model, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, and reduce environmental pollution, Bellamya purificata, as a potential bioremediation species, was studied to investigate the effect of B. purificata culture on the dynamics and assembly of bacterial communities in sediment. Four experimental groups were established at four different densities: 0, 234.38, 468.75, and 937.5 g/m2 (represented as CON, LD, MD, and HD, respectively). Each group was with three replicates. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) high-throughput sequencing was used to evaluate the composition, function, and assembly of bacterial communities in sediment. B. purificata cultivation significantly altered the composition and function of the bacterial communities in sediment; at high stocking density, it significantly decreased anaerobic and increased aerobic organic matter decomposition, whereas at low stocking density, it decreased the number of bacteria involved in sulfate reduction and inhibited the denitrification process. B. purificata decreased direct competition and promoted collaboration or niche sharing in bacterial communities, especially at the high stocking density. Moreover, B. purificata cultivation resulted in greater changes in the environmental factors. Variations in dissolved oxygen, pH, total nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite levels were closely related to the altered composition and function of the bacterial communities. Stochastic processes dominated the bacterial community assembly in the sediment and B. purificata cultivation had limited impacts on the bacterial community assembly. The study provided a reference for the dynamics and assembly of bacterial communities in sediment with different densities of B. purificata cultivation and we hope that the findings will provide a theoretical reference for the optimization of IMTA and improve management strategies for B. purificata polyculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yiran Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-85550535 (B.L.); +86-510-85550414 (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-85550535 (B.L.); +86-510-85550414 (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hou Y, Jia R, Ji P, Li B, Zhu J. Organic matter degradation and bacterial communities in surface sediment influenced by Procambarus clarkia. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:985555. [PMID: 36338081 PMCID: PMC9634481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.985555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To alleviate excessive organic matter (OM) accumulation in sediments and reduce the risk of endogenous water pollution and eutrophication in aquaculture ponds, an 84-day experiment investigated the effect of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii on the OM degradation and bacterial communities in sediments. The experiment established two groups, P. clarkia treatment and control (represented as PG and CG, respectively), with three replicates for each group. At the end of experiment, the total, light fraction, and heavy fraction organic matter concentrations in the sediment of the PG group were significantly lower than those of the CG group. Significantly higher oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and more extensively degraded OM, indicated by fatty acids, were observed in the PG group. Compared to the CG group, the average OM removal efficiency induced by crayfish in the PG group was 15.24%. Using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the differences in benthic bacterial communities between the PG and CG groups. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that Nitrospirae, Nitrospira, Alphaproteobacteria, OLB14, Nitrospirales, Rhodobacterales, Rhizobiales, Micrococcales, Nitrospiraceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Nitrospira, Rhodobacter, Thermomonas, and Denitratisoma were significantly enriched in the PG group. Four significantly different functional groups related to OM degradation were determined between the PG and CG groups according to the functional annotation of procaryotic taxa (FAPROTAX) analysis. These four functional groups, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, manganese oxidation, dark iron oxidation, and dark sulfide oxidation, showed significantly higher relative abundances in the PG group. Overall, P. clarkia effectively increased the ORP values of sediments to provide favorable conditions for OM degradation and changed the composition and function of bacterial communities to improve bacterial abilities for OM decomposition, thereby promoting OM degradation in the sediment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Li,
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Jian Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Q, Deng S, Li J, Yao H, Li D. Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge coupled with built-in biochemical cycle galvanic-cells driven by dual selective pressure and its denitrification characteristics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125454. [PMID: 34198243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dual selective pressure was applied as the driving condition to cultivate an enhanced aerobic granular sludge (AGS) with Fe(0)-based biochemical cycle galvanic-cells (BCGC) as the core. The BCGC-AGS coupled micro-electrolysis with synergistic autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification to enhance nitrogen removal. COD and total nitrogen removal of 91.8% and 95.9% were achieved, respectively. The formation of circulation channel between Fe3+ and Fe2+ provided a solid foundation for the biochemical cycle of galvanic-cells with low consumption. The existence of micro-electrolysis selective pressure in BCGC-AGS was also confirmed. Facultative aerobic bacteria Methylocystis and Azospirillum were the most abundant genera. Facultative iron redox bacteria and autotrophic denitrifying bacteria Geobacter, Thiobacillus, Aquabacterium, Thauera and Azospirillum showed high abundance, affirming the success culture of EAGS system. Load shock test verified BCGC-AGS possessed excellent load shock resistance. Obtaining the advantages of fast-cultivation, high-efficiency and low galvanic-cells consumption, BCGC-AGS showed significant potential for practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Shihai Deng
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Hong Yao
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Desheng Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing 100044, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marlow JJ, Hoer D, Jungbluth SP, Reynard LM, Gartman A, Chavez MS, El-Naggar MY, Tuross N, Orphan VJ, Girguis PR. Carbonate-hosted microbial communities are prolific and pervasive methane oxidizers at geologically diverse marine methane seep sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2006857118. [PMID: 34161255 PMCID: PMC8237665 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006857118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
At marine methane seeps, vast quantities of methane move through the shallow subseafloor, where it is largely consumed by microbial communities. This process plays an important role in global methane dynamics, but we have yet to identify all of the methane sinks in the deep sea. Here, we conducted a continental-scale survey of seven geologically diverse seafloor seeps and found that carbonate rocks from all sites host methane-oxidizing microbial communities with substantial methanotrophic potential. In laboratory-based mesocosm incubations, chimney-like carbonates from the newly described Point Dume seep off the coast of Southern California exhibited the highest rates of anaerobic methane oxidation measured to date. After a thorough analysis of physicochemical, electrical, and biological factors, we attribute this substantial metabolic activity largely to higher cell density, mineral composition, kinetic parameters including an elevated Vmax, and the presence of specific microbial lineages. Our data also suggest that other features, such as electrical conductance, rock particle size, and microbial community alpha diversity, may influence a sample's methanotrophic potential, but these factors did not demonstrate clear patterns with respect to methane oxidation rates. Based on the apparent pervasiveness within seep carbonates of microbial communities capable of performing anaerobic oxidation of methane, as well as the frequent occurrence of carbonates at seeps, we suggest that rock-hosted methanotrophy may be an important contributor to marine methane consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Marlow
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
| | - Daniel Hoer
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Sean P Jungbluth
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94720
| | - Linda M Reynard
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Amy Gartman
- US Geological Survey Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA 95060
| | - Marko S Chavez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Mohamed Y El-Naggar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Noreen Tuross
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Victoria J Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Peter R Girguis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Murdock SA, Tunnicliffe V, Boschen-Rose RE, Juniper SK. Emergent "core communities" of microbes, meiofauna and macrofauna at hydrothermal vents. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:27. [PMID: 36739470 PMCID: PMC9723782 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of ecosystem health entails consideration of species interactions within and between size classes to determine their contributions to ecosystem function. Elucidating microbial involvement in these interactions requires tools to distil diverse microbial information down to relevant, manageable elements. We used covariance ratios (proportionality) between pairs of species and patterns of enrichment to identify "core communities" of likely interacting microbial (<64 µm), meiofaunal (64 µm to 1 mm) and macrofaunal (>1 mm) taxa within assemblages hosted by a foundation species, the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae. Compared with samples from co-located hydrothermal fluids, microbial communities within R. piscesae assemblages are hotspots of taxonomic richness and are high in novelty (unclassified OTUs) and in relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. We also observed a robust temperature-driven distinction in assemblage composition above and below ~25 °C that spanned micro to macro size classes. The core high-temperature community included eight macro- and meiofaunal taxa and members of the Bacteroidetes and Epsilonbacteraeota, particularly the genera Carboxylicivirga, Nitratifractor and Arcobacter. The core low-temperature community included more meiofaunal species in addition to Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Inferred associations among high-temperature core community taxa suggest increased reliance on species interactions under more severe hydrothermal conditions. We propose refinement of species diversity to "core communities" as a tool to simplify investigations of relationships between taxonomic and functional diversity across domains and scales by narrowing the taxonomic scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Murdock
- School of Earth & Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
| | - V Tunnicliffe
- School of Earth & Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - R E Boschen-Rose
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Ocean & Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S K Juniper
- School of Earth & Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Interdisciplinary Reservoir Management—A Tool for Sustainable Water Resources Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13084498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs are a common way to store and retain water serving for a multitude of purposes like storage of drinking and irrigation water, recreation, flood protection, navigation, and hydropower production, and have been built since centuries. Today, few reservoirs serve only one purpose, which requires management of present demands and interests. Since each reservoir project will cause negative impacts alongside desired advantages both on a local, regional and global scale, it is even more urgent to develop a common management framework in an attempt to mitigate negative impacts, incorporate different demands and make them visible within the discourse in order to avoid conflicts from early on. The scientific publications on reservoirs are manifold, yet a comprehensive and integrative holistic tool about management of this infrastructure is not available. Therefore, a comprehensive and integrated conceptual tool was developed and proposed by the authors of this paper that can contribute to the sustainable management of existing reservoirs. The tool presented herein is based on the results from the interdisciplinary CHARM (CHAllenges of Reservoir Management) project as well as the condensed outcome of relevant literature to aid and enhance knowledge of reservoir management. The incorporated results are based on field, laboratory and empirical social research. The project CHARM focused on five different aspects related to existing reservoirs in southern Germany (Schwarzenbachtalsperre, Franconian Lake District), namely: sedimentation of reservoirs, biostabilisation of fine sediments, toxic cyanobacteria(l) (blooms), greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs and social contestation, respectively consent. These five research foci contributed to the topics and setup of a conceptual tool, put together by the research consortium via delphi questioning, which can be found alongside this publication to provide insights for experts and laymen. Conceptualising and analysing the management in combination with quantitative and qualitative data in one descriptive tool presents a novelty for the case studies and area of research. The distribution within the scientific community and interested public will possibly make a positive contribution to the goal of sustainable water resources management in the future.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wyness AJ, Fortune I, Blight AJ, Browne P, Hartley M, Holden M, Paterson DM. Ecosystem engineers drive differing microbial community composition in intertidal estuarine sediments. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0240952. [PMID: 33606695 PMCID: PMC7895378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intertidal systems are complex and dynamic environments with many interacting factors influencing biochemical characteristics and microbial communities. One key factor are the actions of resident fauna, many of which are regarded as ecosystem engineers because of their bioturbation, bioirrigation and sediment stabilising activities. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the evolutionary implications of the ecosystem engineering process by identifying, if any, aspects that act as selection pressures upon microbial communities. A mesocosm study was performed using the well characterised intertidal ecosystem engineers Corophium volutator, Hediste diversicolor, and microphytobenthos, in addition to manual turbation of sediments to compare effects of bioturbation, bioirrigation and stabilisation. A range of sediment functions and biogeochemical gradients were measured in conjunction with 16S rRNA sequencing and diatom taxonomy, with downstream bacterial metagenome function prediction, to identify selection pressures that incited change to microbial community composition and function. Bacterial communities were predominantly Proteobacteria, with the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Alphaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia being partially displaced by Deltaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi as dissolved oxygen concentration and redox potential decreased. Bacterial community composition was driven strongly by biogeochemistry; surface communities were affected by a combination of sediment functions and overlying water turbidity, and subsurface communities by biogeochemical gradients driven by sediment reworking. Diatom communities were dominated by Nitzschia laevis and Achnanthes sp., and assemblage composition was influenced by overlying water turbidity (manual or biogenic) rather than direct infaunal influences such as grazing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Wyness
- Sediment Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, United Kingdom
- Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Irene Fortune
- Sediment Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Blight
- Sediment Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Browne
- Sediment Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan Hartley
- Sediment Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Holden
- Infection Group, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrew, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Paterson
- Sediment Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mestdagh S, Fang X, Soetaert K, Ysebaert T, Moens T, Van Colen C. Seasonal variability in ecosystem functioning across estuarine gradients: The role of sediment communities and ecosystem processes. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105096. [PMID: 32829095 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional trait approaches advance the understanding of biodiversity-ecosystem function (BDEF) relationships and its control by the environmental context. Application of these insights into management remains constrained due to lack of evidence from real-world ecosystems that capture the natural spatial and temporal gradients at which biodiversity and environmental conditions operate. In this study we measured macrofauna community traits, ecosystem processes and abiotic properties at 9 locations during 4 months, spanning a wide gradient in sedimentary habitats and salinity in the Scheldt estuary, and quantified the (a)biotic contribution to sediment community oxygen consumption, as a measure of ecosystem function. We found that functional attributes of the macrofauna community and its effect on bio-irrigation can predict ecosystem function, but especially during the colder period of the year. This result highlights that generalizations about BDEF relationships, and biodiversity loss on ecosystem functions, are limited whenever this temporal component is not acknowledged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Mestdagh
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karline Soetaert
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Ysebaert
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 77, 4400 AB Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Moens
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carl Van Colen
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zilius M, Bonaglia S, Broman E, Chiozzini VG, Samuiloviene A, Nascimento FJA, Cardini U, Bartoli M. N 2 fixation dominates nitrogen cycling in a mangrove fiddler crab holobiont. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13966. [PMID: 32811860 PMCID: PMC7435186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests are among the most productive and diverse ecosystems on the planet, despite limited nitrogen (N) availability. Under such conditions, animal-microbe associations (holobionts) are often key to ecosystem functioning. Here, we investigated the role of fiddler crabs and their carapace-associated microbial biofilm as hotspots of microbial N transformations and sources of N within the mangrove ecosystem. 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing provided evidence of a microbial biofilm dominated by Cyanobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidota with a community encoding both aerobic and anaerobic pathways of the N cycle. Dinitrogen (N2) fixation was among the most commonly predicted process. Net N fluxes between the biofilm-covered crabs and the water and microbial N transformation rates in suspended biofilm slurries portray these holobionts as a net N2 sink, with N2 fixation exceeding N losses, and as a significant source of ammonium and dissolved organic N to the surrounding environment. N stable isotope natural abundances of fiddler crab carapace-associated biofilms were within the range expected for fixed N, further suggesting active microbial N2 fixation. These results extend our knowledge on the diversity of invertebrate-microbe associations, and provide a clear example of how animal microbiota can mediate a plethora of essential biogeochemical processes in mangrove ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Zilius
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania. .,Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bonaglia
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania.,Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elias Broman
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Francisco J A Nascimento
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulisse Cardini
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania.,Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Bartoli
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania.,Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lohrer AM, Stephenson F, Douglas EJ, Townsend M. Mapping the estuarine ecosystem service of pollutant removal using empirically validated boosted regression tree models. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02105. [PMID: 32086978 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Humans rely on the natural environment and benefit from the goods and services provided by natural ecosystems. Quantification and mapping of ecosystem services (ES) is required to better protect valued ES benefits under pressure from anthropogenic activities. The removal of excess nitrogen, a recognized catchment-derived pollutant, by biota in estuarine soft sediments is an important ES that potentially ameliorates the development of eutrophication symptoms. Here, we quantified estuarine benthic sediment characteristics and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), a proxy of inorganic N removal, at 109 sites in four estuaries to develop a general ("global") model for predicting DEA. Our initial global model for linking DEA and environmental characteristics had good explanatory power, with sediment mud content having the strongest influence on DEA (60%), followed by sediment organic matter content (≈35%) and sediment chlorophyll a content (≈5%). Predicted and empirically evaluated DEA values in a fifth estuary (Whitford, n = 90 validation sites) were positively correlated (r = 0.77), and the fit and certainty of the model (based on two types of uncertainty measures) increased further after the validation sites were incorporated into it. The model tended to underpredict DEA at the upper end of its range (at the muddier, more organically enriched sites), and the relative roles of the three environmental predictors differed in Whitford relative to the four previously sampled estuaries (reducing the explained deviance relative to the initial global model). Our detailed quantification of DEA and methodological description for producing empirically validated maps, complete with uncertainty information, represents an important first step in the construction of nutrient pollution removal ES maps for use in coastal marine spatial management. This technique can likely be adapted to map other ecosystem functions and ES proxies worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Lohrer
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11115, Hillcrest, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Stephenson
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11115, Hillcrest, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - Emily J Douglas
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11115, Hillcrest, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - Michael Townsend
- Waikato Regional Council, Private Bag 3038, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Douglas EJ, Lohrer AM, Pilditch CA. Biodiversity breakpoints along stress gradients in estuaries and associated shifts in ecosystem interactions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17567. [PMID: 31772300 PMCID: PMC6879482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Denitrification in coastal sediments can provide resilience to eutrophication in estuarine ecosystems, but this key ecosystem function is impacted directly and indirectly by increasing stressors. The erosion and loading of fine sediments from land, resulting in sedimentation and elevated sediment muddiness, presents a significant threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide. Impacts on biodiversity with increasing sediment mud content are relatively well understood, but corresponding impacts on denitrification are uncharacterised. Soft sediment ecosystems have a network of interrelated biotic and abiotic ecosystem components that contribute to microbial nitrogen cycling, but these components (especially biodiversity measures) and their relationships with ecosystem functions are sensitive to stress. With a large dataset spanning broad environmental gradients this study uses interaction network analysis to present a mechanistic view of the ecological interactions that contribute to microbial nitrogen cycling, showing significant changes above and below a stressor (mud) threshold. Our models demonstrate that positive biodiversity effects become more critical with a higher level of sedimentation stress, and show that effective ecosystem management for resilience requires different action under different scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Douglas
- George Mason Centre for the Natural Environment, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11-115, Hillcrest, Hamilton, 3251, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew M Lohrer
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11-115, Hillcrest, Hamilton, 3251, New Zealand
| | - Conrad A Pilditch
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3216, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Increasing oxygen deficiency changes rare and moderately abundant bacterial communities in coastal soft sediments. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16341. [PMID: 31704947 PMCID: PMC6841974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal hypoxia is a major environmental problem worldwide. Hypoxia-induced changes in sediment bacterial communities harm marine ecosystems and alter biogeochemical cycles. Nevertheless, the resistance of sediment bacterial communities to hypoxic stress is unknown. We investigated changes in bacterial communities during hypoxic-anoxic disturbance by artificially inducing oxygen deficiency to the seafloor for 0, 3, 7, and 48 days, with subsequent molecular biological analyses. We further investigated relationships between bacterial communities, benthic macrofauna and nutrient effluxes across the sediment-water-interface during hypoxic-anoxic stress, considering differentially abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The composition of the moderately abundant OTUs changed significantly after seven days of oxygen deficiency, while the abundant and rare OTUs first changed after 48 days. High bacterial diversity maintained the resistance of the communities during oxygen deficiency until it dropped after 48 days, likely due to anoxia-induced loss of macrofaunal diversity and bioturbation. Nutrient fluxes, especially ammonium, correlated positively with the moderate and rare OTUs, including potential sulfate reducers. Correlations may reflect bacteria-mediated nutrient effluxes that accelerate eutrophication. The study suggests that even slightly higher bottom-water oxygen concentrations, which could sustain macrofaunal bioturbation, enable bacterial communities to resist large compositional changes and decrease the harmful consequences of hypoxia in marine ecosystems.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ortmann AC, Brannock PM, Wang L, Halanych KM. River Flow Impacts Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structure in Surface Sediments in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:941-953. [PMID: 29666882 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Meiobenthic community structure in the northern Gulf of Mexico has been shown to be driven by geographical differences due to inshore-offshore gradients and location relative to river discharge. Samples collected along three transects spanning Mobile Bay, Alabama, showed significant differences in meiobenthic communities east of the bay compared to those sampled from the west. In contrast, analysis of bacterial and archaeal communities from the same sediment samples shows that the inshore-offshore gradient has minimal impact on their community structure. Significant differences in community structure were observed for Bacteria and Archaea between the east and west samples, but there was no difference in richness or diversity. Grouped by sediment type, higher richness was observed in silty samples compared to sandy samples. Significant differences were also observed among sediment types for community structure with bacteria communities in silty samples having more anaerobic sulfate reducers compared to aerobic heterotrophs, which had higher abundances in sandy sediments. This is likely due to increased organic matter in the silty sediments from the overlying river leading to low oxygen habitats. Most archaeal sequences represented poorly characterized high-level taxa, limiting interpretation of their distributions. Overlap between groups based on transect and sediment characteristics made determining which factor is more important in structuring bacterial and archaeal communities difficult. However, both factors are driven by discharge from the Mobile River. Although inshore-offshore gradients do not affect Bacteria or Archaea to the same extent as the meiobenthic communities, all three groups are strongly affected by sediment characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Ortmann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, USA.
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada.
| | - Pamela M Brannock
- Department of Biological Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL, 32789, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, USA
| | - Kenneth M Halanych
- Department of Biological Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Limited congruence exhibited across microbial, meiofaunal and macrofaunal benthic assemblages in a heterogeneous coastal environment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15500. [PMID: 30341362 PMCID: PMC6195585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common approaches for investigating the ecology of spatially complex environments is to examine a single biotic assemblage present, such as macroinvertebrates. Underlying this approach are assumptions that sampled and unsampled taxa respond similarly to environmental gradients and exhibit congruence across different sites. These assumptions were tested for five benthic groups of various sizes (archaea, bacteria, microbial eukaryotes/protists, meiofauna and macrofauna) in Plymouth Sound, a harbour with many different pollution sources. Sediments varied in granulometry, hydrocarbon and trace metal concentrations. Following variable reduction, canonical correspondence analysis did not identify any associations between sediment characteristics and assemblage composition of archaea or macrofauna. In contrast, variation in bacteria was associated with granulometry, trace metal variations and bioturbation (e.g. community bioturbation potential). Protists varied with granulometry, hydrocarbon and trace metal predictors. Meiofaunal variation was associated with hydrocarbon and bioturbation predictors. Taxon turnover between sites varied with only three out of 10 group pairs showing congruence (meiofauna-protists, meiofauna-macrofauna and protists-macrofauna). While our results support using eukaryotic taxa as proxies for others, the lack of congruence suggests caution should be applied to inferring wider indicator or functional interpretations from studies of a single biotic assemblage.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kauppi L, Bernard G, Bastrop R, Norkko A, Norkko J. Increasing densities of an invasive polychaete enhance bioturbation with variable effects on solute fluxes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7619. [PMID: 29769583 PMCID: PMC5955914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioturbation is a key process affecting nutrient cycling in soft sediments. The invasive polychaete genus Marenzelleria spp. has established successfully throughout the Baltic Sea increasing species and functional diversity with possible density-dependent effects on bioturbation and associated solute fluxes. We tested the effects of increasing density of M. arctia, M. viridis and M. neglecta on bioturbation and solute fluxes in a laboratory experiment. Benthic communities in intact sediment cores were manipulated by adding increasing numbers of Marenzelleria spp. The results showed that Marenzelleria spp. in general enhanced all bioturbation metrics, but the effects on solute fluxes varied depending on the solute, on the density and species identity of Marenzelleria, and on the species and functional composition of the surrounding community. M. viridis and M. neglecta were more important in predicting variation in phosphate and silicate fluxes, whereas M. arctia had a larger effect on nitrogen cycling. The complex direct and indirect pathways indicate the importance of considering the whole community and not just species in isolation in the experimental studies. Including these interactions provides a way forward regarding our understanding of the complex ecosystem effects of invasive species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Kauppi
- University of Helsinki, Tvärminne Zoological Station, J.A. Palménin tie 260, FI-10900, Hanko, Finland.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - G Bernard
- University of Helsinki, Tvärminne Zoological Station, J.A. Palménin tie 260, FI-10900, Hanko, Finland
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F33400, Talence, France
| | - R Bastrop
- University of Rostock, Institute of Biological Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - A Norkko
- University of Helsinki, Tvärminne Zoological Station, J.A. Palménin tie 260, FI-10900, Hanko, Finland
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Norkko
- University of Helsinki, Tvärminne Zoological Station, J.A. Palménin tie 260, FI-10900, Hanko, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yazdani Foshtomi M, Leliaert F, Derycke S, Willems A, Vincx M, Vanaverbeke J. The effect of bio-irrigation by the polychaete Lanice conchilega on active denitrifiers: Distribution, diversity and composition of nosZ gene. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192391. [PMID: 29408934 PMCID: PMC5800672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of large densities of the piston-pumping polychaete Lanice conchilega can have important consequences for the functioning of marine sediments. It is considered both an allogenic and an autogenic ecosystem engineer, affecting spatial and temporal biogeochemical gradients (oxygen concentrations, oxygen penetration depth and nutrient concentrations) and physical properties (grain size) of marine sediments, which could affect functional properties of sediment-inhabiting microbial communities. Here we investigated whether density-dependent effects of L. conchilega affected horizontal (m-scale) and vertical (cm-scale) patterns in the distribution, diversity and composition of the typical nosZ gene in the active denitrifying organisms. This gene plays a major role in N2O reduction in coastal ecosystems as the last step completing the denitrification pathway. We showed that both vertical and horizontal composition and richness of nosZ gene were indeed significantly affected when large densities of the bio-irrigator were present. This could be directly related to allogenic ecosystem engineering effects on the environment, reflected in increased oxygen penetration depth and oxygen concentrations in the upper cm of the sediment in high densities of L. conchilega. A higher diversity (Shannon diversity and inverse Simpson) of nosZ observed in patches with high L. conchilega densities (3,185-3,440 ind. m-2) at deeper sediment layers could suggest a downward transport of NO3- to deeper layers resulting from bio-irrigation as well. Hence, our results show the effect of L. conchilega bio-irrigation activity on denitrifying organisms in L. conchilega reefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yazdani Foshtomi
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- CeMoFE, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Leliaert
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Botanic Garden Meise, Meise, Belgium
| | - Sofie Derycke
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Aquatic Environment and Quality, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Ostend, Belgium
| | - Anne Willems
- CeMoFE, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Magda Vincx
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Marine Ecology and Management, Operational Directorate Natural Environment (OD Nature), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hong H, Dai M, Lu H, Liu J, Zhang J, Yan C. Risk assessment and driving factors for artificial topography on element heterogeneity: Case study at Jiangsu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:246-260. [PMID: 29096297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of construction related to coastal development evokes great concern about environmental risks. Recent attention has been focused mainly on factors related to the effects of waterlogging, but there is urgent need to address the potential hazard caused by artificial topography: derived changes in the elemental composition of the sediments. To reveal possible mechanisms and to assess the environmental risks of artificial topography on transition of elemental composition in the sediment at adjoining zones, a nest-random effects-combined investigation was carried out around a semi-open seawall. The results implied great changes induced by artificial topography. Not only did artificial topography alter the sediment elemental composition at sites under the effect of artificial topography, but also caused a coupling pattern transition of elements S and Cd. The biogeochemical processes associated with S were also important, as suggested by cluster analysis. The geo-accumulation index shows that artificial topography triggered the accumulation of C, N, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, As and Cd, and increased the pollution risk of C, N, S, Cu, As and Cd. Enrichment factors reveal that artificial topography is a new type of human-activity-derived Cu contamination. The heavy metal Cu was notably promoted on both the geo-accumulation index and the enrichment factor under the influence of artificial topography. Further analysis showed that the Cu content in the sediment could be fitted using equations for Al and organic carbon, which represented clay mineral sedimentation and organic matter accumulation, respectively. Copper could be a reliable indicator of environmental degradation caused by artificial topography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Minyue Dai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Depth Distribution and Assembly of Sulfate-Reducing Microbial Communities in Marine Sediments of Aarhus Bay. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01547-17. [PMID: 28939599 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01547-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs) present in subsurface marine sediments belong to uncultured groups only distantly related to known SRMs, and it remains unclear how changing geochemical zones and sediment depth influence their community structure. We mapped the community composition and abundance of SRMs by amplicon sequencing and quantifying the dsrB gene, which encodes dissimilatory sulfite reductase subunit beta, in sediment samples covering different vertical geochemical zones ranging from the surface sediment to the deep sulfate-depleted subsurface at four locations in Aarhus Bay, Denmark. SRMs were present in all geochemical zones, including sulfate-depleted methanogenic sediment. The biggest shift in SRM community composition and abundance occurred across the transition from bioturbated surface sediments to nonbioturbated sediments below, where redox fluctuations and the input of fresh organic matter due to macrofaunal activity are absent. SRM abundance correlated with sulfate reduction rates determined for the same sediments. Sulfate availability showed a weaker correlation with SRM abundances and no significant correlation with the composition of the SRM community. The overall SRM species diversity decreased with depth, yet we identified a subset of highly abundant community members that persists across all vertical geochemical zones of all stations. We conclude that subsurface SRM communities assemble by the persistence of members of the surface community and that the transition from the bioturbated surface sediment to the unmixed sediment below is a main site of assembly of the subsurface SRM community.IMPORTANCE Sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs) are key players in the marine carbon and sulfur cycles, especially in coastal sediments, yet little is understood about the environmental factors controlling their depth distribution. Our results suggest that macrofaunal activity is a key driver of SRM abundance and community structure in marine sediments and that a small subset of SRM species of high relative abundance in the subsurface SRM community persists from the sulfate-rich surface sediment to sulfate-depleted methanogenic subsurface sediment. More generally, we conclude that SRM communities inhabiting the subsurface seabed assemble by the selective survival of members of the surface community.
Collapse
|
24
|
Microeukaryotic Community Structure and Dynamics During Macrobenthos Bioremediation in Intertidal Mudflat Sediments of Sansha Bay, China. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
25
|
Fang H, Chen Y, Huang L, He G. Analysis of biofilm bacterial communities under different shear stresses using size-fractionated sediment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1299. [PMID: 28465599 PMCID: PMC5431010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are ubiquitous in aqueous environments and are crucial for biogeochemical processes, but their community structures and functions remain poorly understood. In this paper, a rotating reactor was designed to study the effects of substrata and flow conditions on sediment bacterial communities using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, assaying three groups of size-fractionated sediments and three different levels of applied shear stress. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla of the microbial communities, with more anaerobic bacteria and opportunistic pathogens being detected under static water conditions, while more aerobic bacteria were detected under dynamic water flow conditions. Most of the top 10 genera were present in all the samples; however, there were significant differences in the species abundance. Paludibacter and Comamonadaceae_unclassified were the most abundant genera under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static water conditions, the medium-grained sediment had the highest microbial diversity, followed by the fine and coarse sediments. Under dynamic water flow conditions, a higher flow velocity corresponded to a greater microbial diversity. Overall, there was no significant difference in the community richness or diversity between the static and dynamic water flow conditions. This study is beneficial for further understanding the heterogeneities of microbial communities in natural aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yishan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Guojian He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zettler ML, Friedland R, Gogina M, Darr A. Variation in benthic long-term data of transitional waters: Is interpretation more than speculation? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175746. [PMID: 28422974 PMCID: PMC5396916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological long-term data series in marine habitats are often used to identify anthropogenic impacts on the environment or climate induced regime shifts. However, particularly in transitional waters, environmental properties like water mass dynamics, salinity variability and the occurrence of oxygen minima not necessarily caused by either human activities or climate change can attenuate or mask apparent signals. At first glance it very often seems impossible to interpret the strong fluctuations of e.g. abundances or species richness, since abiotic variables like salinity and oxygen content vary simultaneously as well as in apparently erratic ways. The long-term development of major macrozoobenthic parameters (abundance, biomass, species numbers) and derivative macrozoobenthic indices (Shannon diversity, Margalef, Pilou's evenness and Hurlbert) has been successfully interpreted and related to the long-term fluctuations of salinity and oxygen, incorporation of the North Atlantic Oscillation index (NAO index), relying on the statistical analysis of modelled and measured data during 35 years of observation at three stations in the south-western Baltic Sea. Our results suggest that even at a restricted spatial scale the benthic system does not appear to be tightly controlled by any single environmental driver and highlight the complexity of spatially varying temporal response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lothar Zettler
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - René Friedland
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mayya Gogina
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Darr
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Macrofaunal Functional Diversity Provides Resilience to Nutrient Enrichment in Coastal Sediments. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
28
|
Jessen GL, Lichtschlag A, Ramette A, Pantoja S, Rossel PE, Schubert CJ, Struck U, Boetius A. Hypoxia causes preservation of labile organic matter and changes seafloor microbial community composition (Black Sea). SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601897. [PMID: 28246637 PMCID: PMC5302875 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-water oxygen supply is a key factor governing the biogeochemistry and community composition of marine sediments. Whether it also determines carbon burial rates remains controversial. We investigated the effect of varying oxygen concentrations (170 to 0 μM O2) on microbial remineralization of organic matter in seafloor sediments and on community diversity of the northwestern Crimean shelf break. This study shows that 50% more organic matter is preserved in surface sediments exposed to hypoxia compared to oxic bottom waters. Hypoxic conditions inhibit bioturbation and decreased remineralization rates even within short periods of a few days. These conditions led to the accumulation of threefold more phytodetritus pigments within 40 years compared to the oxic zone. Bacterial community structure also differed between oxic, hypoxic, and anoxic zones. Functional groups relevant in the degradation of particulate organic matter, such as Flavobacteriia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria, changed with decreasing oxygenation, and the microbial community of the hypoxic zone took longer to degrade similar amounts of deposited reactive matter. We conclude that hypoxic bottom-water conditions-even on short time scales-substantially increase the preservation potential of organic matter because of the negative effects on benthic fauna and particle mixing and by favoring anaerobic processes, including sulfurization of matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerdhard L Jessen
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.; HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Anna Lichtschlag
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.; HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Alban Ramette
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.; HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Silvio Pantoja
- Department of Oceanography and COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela E Rossel
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.; HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany.; Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carsten J Schubert
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Struck
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Boetius
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.; HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|