1
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Bao Q, Zhang X, Hao Z, Li Q, Wu F, Wang K, Li Y, Li W, Gao H. Advances in Polysaccharide-Based Microneedle Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:268. [PMID: 39136800 PMCID: PMC11322514 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The eye, a complex organ isolated from the systemic circulation, presents significant drug delivery challenges owing to its protective mechanisms, such as the blood-retinal barrier and corneal impermeability. Conventional drug administration methods often fail to sustain therapeutic levels and may compromise patient safety and compliance. Polysaccharide-based microneedles (PSMNs) have emerged as a transformative solution for ophthalmic drug delivery. However, a comprehensive review of PSMNs in ophthalmology has not been published to date. In this review, we critically examine the synergy between polysaccharide chemistry and microneedle technology for enhancing ocular drug delivery. We provide a thorough analysis of PSMNs, summarizing the design principles, fabrication processes, and challenges addressed during fabrication, including improving patient comfort and compliance. We also describe recent advances and the performance of various PSMNs in both research and clinical scenarios. Finally, we review the current regulatory frameworks and market barriers that are relevant to the clinical and commercial advancement of PSMNs and provide a final perspective on this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Bao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhankun Hao
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenlong Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Coleman HJ, Schwartz DK, Kaar JL, Garcea RL, Randolph TW. Stabilization of an Infectious Enveloped Virus by Spray-Drying and Lyophilization. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2072-2080. [PMID: 38643898 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Enveloped viruses are attractive candidates for use as gene- and immunotherapeutic agents due to their efficacy at infecting host cells and delivering genetic information. They have also been used in vaccines as potent antigens to generate strong immune responses, often requiring fewer doses than other vaccine platforms as well as eliminating the need for adjuvants. However, virus instability in liquid formulations may limit their shelf life and require that these products be transported and stored under stringently controlled temperature conditions, contributing to high cost and limiting patient access. In this work, spray-drying and lyophilization were used to embed an infectious enveloped virus within dry, glassy polysaccharide matrices. No loss of viral titer was observed following either spray-drying (at multiple drying gas temperatures) or lyophilization. Furthermore, viruses embedded in the glassy formulations showed enhanced thermal stability, retaining infectivity after exposure to elevated temperatures as high as 85 °C for up to one hour, and for up to 10 weeks at temperatures as high as 30 °C. In comparison, viruses in liquid formulations lost infectivity within an hour at temperatures above 40 °C, or after incubation at 25 °C for longer periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J Coleman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Joel L Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Robert L Garcea
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
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3
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Coleman H, Saylor Perez J, Schwartz DK, Kaar J, Garcea RL, Randolph TW. Effect of mechanical stresses on viral capsid disruption during droplet formation and drying. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 233:113661. [PMID: 38006709 PMCID: PMC10986848 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the mechanisms by which viruses lose activity during droplet formation and drying is of great importance to understanding the spread of infectious diseases by virus-containing respiratory droplets and to developing thermally stable spray dried live or inactivated viral vaccines. In this study, we exposed suspensions of baculovirus, an enveloped virus, to isolated mechanical stresses similar to those experienced during respiratory droplet formation and spray drying: fluid shear forces, osmotic pressure forces, and surface tension forces at interfaces. DNA released from mechanically stressed virions was measured by SYBR Gold staining to quantify viral capsid disruption. Theoretical estimates of the force exerted by fluid shear, osmotic pressures and interfacial tension forces during respiratory droplet formation and spray drying suggest that osmotic and interfacial stresses have greater potential to mechanically destabilize viral capsids than forces associated with shear stresses. Experimental results confirmed that rapid changes in osmotic pressure, such as those associated with drying of virus-containing droplets, caused significant viral capsid disruption, whereas the effect of fluid shear forces was negligible. Surface tension forces were sufficient to provoke DNA release from virions adsorbed at air-water interfaces, but the extent of this disruption was limited by the time required for virions to diffuse to interfaces. These results demonstrate the effect of isolated mechanical stresses on virus particles during droplet formation and drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Coleman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - J Saylor Perez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Joel Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Robert L Garcea
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
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4
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Gsell M, Bulliard X, Schorderet Weber S, Xiang Y, Constant S, Steiner S, Biselli S, Pugin R, Palmieri M, Hogg A, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Stan A. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on salt-coated surfaces: an in vitro study. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:272. [PMID: 37391548 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), face masks have become a very important safety measure against the main route of transmission of the virus: droplets and aerosols. Concerns that masks contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 infectious particles could be a risk for self-contamination have emerged early in the pandemic as well as solutions to mitigate this risk. The coating of masks with sodium chloride, an antiviral and non-hazardous to health chemical, could be an option for reusable masks. To assess the antiviral properties of salt coatings deposited onto common fabrics by spraying and dipping, the present study established an in vitro bioassay using three-dimensional airway epithelial cell cultures and SARS-CoV-2 virus. Virus particles were given directly on salt-coated material, collected, and added to the cell cultures. Infectious virus particles were measured by plaque forming unit assay and in parallel viral genome copies were quantified over time. Relative to noncoated material, the sodium chloride coating significantly reduced virus replication, confirming the effectiveness of the method to prevent fomite contamination with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the lung epithelia bioassay proved to be suitable for future evaluation of novel antiviral coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gsell
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Berne, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3010, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Xavier Bulliard
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yang Xiang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanreaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Constant
- Epithelix Sàrl, Chemmin des Aulx 18, Plan-Les-Ouates, 1228, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Steiner
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanreaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Biselli
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Pugin
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Michele Palmieri
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hogg
- Coat-X SA, Eplatures-Grise 17, 2900, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanreaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanreaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Stan
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanreaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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5
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Schorderet Weber S, Bulliard X, Bonfante R, Xiang Y, Biselli S, Steiner S, Constant S, Pugin R, Laurent A, Majeed S, Lebrun S, Palmieri M, Hogg A, Kuczaj A, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Stan A. In vitro testing of salt coating of fabrics as a potential antiviral agent in reusable face masks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17041. [PMID: 36220878 PMCID: PMC9552714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, wearing face masks in public spaces became mandatory in most countries. The risk of self-contamination when handling face masks, which was one of the earliest concerns, can be mitigated by adding antiviral coatings to the masks. In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral effectiveness of sodium chloride deposited on a fabric suitable for the manufacturing of reusable cloth masks using techniques adapted to the home environment. We tested eight coating conditions, involving both spraying and dipping methods and three salt dilutions. Influenza A H3N2 virus particles were incubated directly on the salt-coated materials, collected, and added to human 3D airway epithelial cultures. Live virus replication in the epithelia was quantified over time in collected apical washes. Relative to the non-coated material, salt deposits at or above 4.3 mg/cm2 markedly reduced viral replication. However, even for larger quantities of salt, the effectiveness of the coating remained dependent on the crystal size and distribution, which in turn depended on the coating technique. These findings confirm the suitability of salt coating as antiviral protection on cloth masks, but also emphasize that particular attention should be paid to the coating protocol when developing consumer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Bulliard
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Rosy Bonfante
- Epithelix Sàrl, Chemin des Aulx 18, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Biselli
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Steiner
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Constant
- Epithelix Sàrl, Chemin des Aulx 18, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Pugin
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Laurent
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lebrun
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Michele Palmieri
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hogg
- Coat-X SA, Eplatures-Grise 17, 2300, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Stan
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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6
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Damiri F, Kommineni N, Ebhodaghe SO, Bulusu R, Jyothi VGSS, Sayed AA, Awaji AA, Germoush MO, Al-malky HS, Nasrullah MZ, Rahman MH, Abdel-Daim MM, Berrada M. Microneedle-Based Natural Polysaccharide for Drug Delivery Systems (DDS): Progress and Challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:190. [PMID: 35215302 PMCID: PMC8875238 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this focused progress review, the most widely accepted methods of transdermal drug delivery are hypodermic needles, transdermal patches and topical creams. However, microneedles (MNs) (or microneedle arrays) are low-invasive 3D biomedical constructs that bypass the skin barrier and produce systemic and localized pharmacological effects. In the past, biomaterials such as carbohydrates, due to their physicochemical properties, have been extensively used to manufacture microneedles (MNs). Due to their wide range of functional groups, carbohydrates enable the design and development of tunable properties and functionalities. In recent years, numerous microneedle products have emerged on the market, although much research needs to be undertaken to overcome the various challenges before the successful introduction of microneedles into the market. As a result, carbohydrate-based microarrays have a high potential to achieve a future step in sensing, drug delivery, and biologics restitution. In this review, a comprehensive overview of carbohydrates such as hyaluronic acid, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, cellulose and starch is discussed systematically. It also discusses the various drug delivery strategies and mechanical properties of biomaterial-based MNs, the progress made so far in the clinical translation of carbohydrate-based MNs, and the promotional opportunities for their commercialization. In conclusion, the article summarizes the future perspectives of carbohydrate-based MNs, which are considered as the new class of topical drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Damiri
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | | | | | - Raviteja Bulusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Vaskuri G. S. Sainaga Jyothi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India;
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Aeshah A. Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mousa O. Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamdan S. Al-malky
- Regional Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Z. Nasrullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Berrada
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
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Margiotta E, Fonseca Guerra C. SARS-CoV spike proteins can compete for electrolytes in physiological fluids according to structure-based quantum-chemical calculations. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021; 1204:113392. [PMID: 34395179 PMCID: PMC8351912 DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The trimeric spike (S) glycoprotein
is the trojan horse and the stronghold of the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronaviruses. Although several structures of the S-protein have
been solved, a complete understanding of all its functions is still
lacking. Our multi-approach study, based on the combination of structural
experimental data and quantum-chemical DFT calculations, led to identify
a sequestration site for sodium, potassium and chloride ions within the
central cavity of both the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. The
same region was found as strictly conserved, even among the sequences of
the bat-respective coronaviruses. Due to the prominent role of the main
three electrolytes at many levels, and their possible implication in the
molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 disease, our study can take the lead in
important discoveries related to the SARS-CoV-2 biology, as well as in
the design of novel effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Margiotta
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling,AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Cagliari, Italy.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling,AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Mi X, Blocher McTigue WC, Joshi PU, Bunker MK, Heldt CL, Perry SL. Thermostabilization of viruses via complex coacervation. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:7082-7092. [PMID: 33078793 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Widespread vaccine coverage for viral diseases could save the lives of millions of people each year. For viral vaccines to be effective, they must be transported and stored in a narrow temperature range of 2-8 °C. If temperatures are not maintained, the vaccine may lose its potency and would no longer be effective in fighting disease; this is called the cold storage problem. Finding a way to thermally stabilize a virus and end the need to transport and store vaccines at refrigeration temperatures will increase access to life-saving vaccines. We explore the use of polymer-rich complex coacervates to stabilize viruses. We have developed a method of encapsulating virus particles in liquid complex coacervates that relies on the electrostatic interaction of viruses with polypeptides. In particular, we tested the incorporation of two model viruses; a non-enveloped porcine parvovirus (PPV) and an enveloped bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) into coacervates formed from poly(lysine) and poly(glutamate). We identified optimal conditions (i.e., the relative amount of the two polypeptides) for virus encapsulation, and trends in this composition matched differences in the isoelectric point of the two viruses. Furthermore, we were able to achieve a ∼103-104-fold concentration of virus into the coacervate phase, such that the level of virus remaining in the bulk solution approached our limit of detection. Lastly, we demonstrated a significant enhancement of the stability of non-enveloped PPV during an accelerated aging study at 60 °C over the course of a week. Our results suggest the potential for using coacervation to aid in the purification and formulation of both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, and that coacervate-based formulations could help limit the need for cold storage throughout the transportation and storage of vaccines based on non-enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Mi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA.
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9
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Rubino I, Han S, Oh E, Kumaran S, Lawson M, Jung YJ, Kim KH, Bhatnagar N, Lee SH, Kang HJ, Lee DH, Chu KB, Kang SM, Quan FS, Choi HJ. Study of the Pathogen Inactivation Mechanism in Salt-Coated Filters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:16084-16096. [PMID: 33793211 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As COVID-19 exemplifies, respiratory diseases transmitted through aerosols or droplets are global threats to public health, and respiratory protection measures are essential first lines of infection prevention and control. However, common face masks are single use and can cause cross-infection due to the accumulated infectious pathogens. We developed salt-based formulations to coat membrane fibers to fabricate antimicrobial filters. Here, we report a mechanistic study on salt-induced pathogen inactivation. The salt recrystallization following aerosol exposure was characterized over time on sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), and potassium chloride (KCl) powders and coatings, which revealed that NaCl and KCl start to recrystallize within 5 min and K2SO4 within 15 min. The inactivation kinetics observed for the H1N1 influenza virus and Klebsiella pneumoniae matched the salt recrystallization well, which was identified as the main destabilizing mechanism. Additionally, the salt-coated filters were prepared with different methods (with and without a vacuum process), which led to salt coatings with different morphologies for diverse applications. Finally, the salt-coated filters caused a loss of pathogen viability independent of transmission mode (aerosols or droplets), against both DI water and artificial saliva suspensions. Overall, these findings increase our understanding of the salt-recrystallization-based technology to develop highly versatile antimicrobial filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Rubino
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Sumin Han
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Euna Oh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Surjith Kumaran
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Matthew Lawson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Su-Hwa Lee
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hae-Ji Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Ki-Back Chu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Korea
- Department of Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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10
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Božič A, Kanduč M. Relative humidity in droplet and airborne transmission of disease. J Biol Phys 2021; 47:1-29. [PMID: 33564965 PMCID: PMC7872882 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-020-09562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of infectious diseases are transmitted by respiratory droplets. How long these droplets persist in the air, how far they can travel, and how long the pathogens they might carry survive are all decisive factors for the spread of droplet-borne diseases. The subject is extremely multifaceted and its aspects range across different disciplines, yet most of them have only seldom been considered in the physics community. In this review, we discuss the physical principles that govern the fate of respiratory droplets and any viruses trapped inside them, with a focus on the role of relative humidity. Importantly, low relative humidity-as encountered, for instance, indoors during winter and inside aircraft-facilitates evaporation and keeps even initially large droplets suspended in air as aerosol for extended periods of time. What is more, relative humidity affects the stability of viruses in aerosol through several physical mechanisms such as efflorescence and inactivation at the air-water interface, whose role in virus inactivation nonetheless remains poorly understood. Elucidating the role of relative humidity in the droplet spread of disease would permit us to design preventive measures that could aid in reducing the chance of transmission, particularly in indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anže Božič
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Kanduč
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Elsamadony M, Fujii M, Miura T, Watanabe T. Possible transmission of viruses from contaminated human feces and sewage: Implications for SARS-CoV-2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142575. [PMID: 33022459 PMCID: PMC7522648 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Humanity has experienced outbreaks by viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003, Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, Ebola virus in 2014 and nowadays SARS-CoV-2. While clinicians seek for a vaccine to reduce the epidemic outbreak, environmental engineers need to understand consequence of virus entity in sewage given the reported persistency of viruses in human feces and sewage environments for more than days. Herein, we discuss about concerns associated with virus occurrence in human feces and sewage, with attention to the possible SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes, based on the review of recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 as well as the previous pandemic events. Given the reported environmental stability of coronavirus, the feces- and sewage-derived transmission routes may be of importance to prevent unprecedented spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) particularly in developing countries. However, so far, limited number of studies detected infectious SARS-CoV-2 even in human feces, whereas a number of virus RNA copies were identified in both feces and sewage specimens. Therefore, uncertainty remains in the possibility of this transmission pathway, and further investigation is warranted in future studies, for example, by increasing the number of specimens, examining the effectiveness of methods for viral viability test, considering the patient medical history, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsamadony
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, 31521 Tanta City, Egypt.
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Miura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan.
| | - Toru Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan.
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Badizadegan K, Goodson JL, Rota PA, Thompson KM. The potential role of using vaccine patches to induce immunity: platform and pathways to innovation and commercialization. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:175-194. [PMID: 32182145 PMCID: PMC7814398 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1732215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In the last two decades, the evidence related to using vaccine patches with multiple short projections (≤1 mm) to deliver vaccines through the skin increased significantly and demonstrated their potential as an innovative delivery platform.Areas covered: We review the vaccine patch literature published in English as of 1 March 2019, as well as available information from key stakeholders related to vaccine patches as a platform. We identify key research topics related to basic and translational science on skin physical properties and immunobiology, patch development, and vaccine manufacturing.Expert opinion: Currently, vaccine patch developers continue to address some basic science and other platform issues in the context of developing a potential vaccine patch presentation for an existing or new vaccine. Additional clinical data and manufacturing experience could shift the balance toward incentivizing existing vaccine manufactures to further explore the use of vaccine patches to deliver their products. Incentives for innovation of vaccine patches differ for developed and developing countries, which will necessitate different strategies (e.g. public-private partnerships, push, or pull mechanisms) to support the basic and applied research needed to ensure a strong evidence base and to overcome translational barriers for vaccine patches as a delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James L Goodson
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul A Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Lin K, Marr LC. Humidity-Dependent Decay of Viruses, but Not Bacteria, in Aerosols and Droplets Follows Disinfection Kinetics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1024-1032. [PMID: 31886650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of some infectious diseases requires that pathogens can survive (i.e., remain infectious) in the environment, outside the host. Relative humidity (RH) is known to affect the survival of some microorganisms in the environment; however, the mechanism underlying the relationship has not been explained, particularly for viruses. We investigated the effects of RH on the viability of bacteria and viruses in both suspended aerosols and stationary droplets using traditional culture-based approaches. Results showed that viability of bacteria generally decreased with decreasing RH. Viruses survived well at RHs lower than 33% and at 100%, whereas their viability was reduced at intermediate RHs. We then explored the evaporation rate of droplets consisting of culture media and the resulting changes in solute concentrations over time; as water evaporates from the droplets, solutes such as sodium chloride in the media become more concentrated. Based on the results, we suggest that inactivation of bacteria is influenced by osmotic pressure resulting from elevated concentrations of salts as droplets evaporate. We propose that the inactivation of viruses is governed by the cumulative dose of solutes or the product of concentration and time, as in disinfection kinetics. These findings emphasize that evaporation kinetics play a role in modulating the survival of microorganisms in droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisen Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , 418 Durham Hall , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Linsey C Marr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , 418 Durham Hall , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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Mi X, Bromley EK, Joshi PU, Long F, Heldt CL. Virus Isoelectric Point Determination Using Single-Particle Chemical Force Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:370-378. [PMID: 31845814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Virus colloidal behavior is governed by the interaction of the viral surface and the surrounding environment. One method to characterize the virus surface charge is the isoelectric point (pI). Traditional determination of virus pI has focused on the bulk characterization of a viral solution. However, virus capsids are extremely heterogeneous, and a single-particle method may give more information on the range of surface charge observed across a population. One method to measure the virus pI is chemical force microscopy (CFM). CFM is a single-particle technique that measures the adhesion force of a functionalized atomic force microscope (AFM) probe and, in this case, a virus covalently bound to a surface. Non-enveloped porcine parvovirus (PPV) and enveloped bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were used to demonstrate the use of CFM for viral particles with different surface properties. We have validated the CFM to determine the pI of PPV to be 4.8-5.1, which has a known pI value of 5.0 in the literature, and to predict the unknown pI of BVDV to be 4.3-4.5. Bulk measurements, ζ-potential, and aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) cross-partitioning methods were also used to validate the new CFM method for the virus pI. Most methods were in good agreement. CFM can detect the surface charge of viral capsids at a single-particle level and enable the comparison of surface charge between different types of viruses.
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Durous L, Rosa-Calatrava M, Petiot E. Advances in influenza virus-like particles bioprocesses. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:1285-1300. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1704262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Durous
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emma Petiot
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Ingrole RSJ, Gill HS. Microneedle Coating Methods: A Review with a Perspective. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:555-569. [PMID: 31175217 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A coated microneedle array comprises sharp micrometer-sized needle shafts attached to a base substrate and coated with a drug on their surfaces. Coated microneedles are under investigation for drug delivery into the skin and other tissues, and a broad assortment of active materials, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, deoxyribonucleic acids, and viruses, have been coated onto microneedles. To coat the microneedles, different methods have been developed. Some coating methods achieve selective coating of just the microneedle shafts, whereas other methods coat not only microneedle shafts but also the array base substrate. Selective coating of just the microneedle shafts is more desirable since it provides control over drug dosage, prevents drug waste, and offers high delivery efficiency. Different excipients are added to the coating liquid to modulate its viscosity and surface tension in order to achieve uniform coatings on microneedles. Coated microneedles have been used in a broad range of biomedical applications. To highlight these different applications, a table summarizing the different active materials and the amounts coated on microneedles is provided. We also discuss factors that should be considered when deciding suitability of coated microneedles for new-drug delivery applications. In recent years, many coated microneedles have been investigated in human clinical trials, and there is now a strong effort to bring the first coated microneedle-based product to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S J Ingrole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Krajišnik D, Ilić T, Nikolić I, Savić S. Established and advanced adjuvants in vaccines' formulation: Mineral adsorbents, nanoparticulate carriers and microneedle delivery systems. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1906420k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Chang TZ, Deng L, Wang BZ, Champion JA. H7 Hemagglutinin nanoparticles retain immunogenicity after >3 months of 25°C storage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202300. [PMID: 30092060 PMCID: PMC6084952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine distribution infrastructure remains inadequate in many parts of the world, and it is estimated that up to 40–50% of all vaccine doses are wasted in certain countries. Vaccines that can maintain viability outside of the cold chain would decrease vaccine wastage and increase immunization rates in regions of the world with underdeveloped vaccine distribution infrastructure. We examined the potential of crosslinked protein nanoparticles, made from trimerized influenza hemagglutinin (3HA), to maintain immunogenicity after cold-chain-independent storage. We found that the nanoparticles could be stored for 112 days at room temperature without any loss in hemagglutinating activity or immunogenicity, and that nanoparticles could be stored at 37°C for 2 weeks without any loss in hemagglutinating activity. As vaccine development moves towards the use of recombinant subunit antigens, our results demonstrate the potential of crosslinked antigen nanoparticles as an immunogenic vehicle for bringing effective vaccines to underdeveloped regions outside of the cold chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Z. Chang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Lei Deng
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim SJ, Shin JH, Noh JY, Song CS, Kim YC. Development of the novel coating formulations for skin vaccination using stainless steel microneedle. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 6:486-97. [PMID: 27519363 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the development of novel coating formulations for stainless steel microneedles against influenza A virus. With in vitro studies, various viscosity enhancers and stabilizers were screened based on the hemagglutination activity of the vaccine, which was coated and dried onto a stainless steel chip at room temperature for 1 day. Following the long-term storage test, the hemagglutination activity and particle size of the vaccine, which was formulated with conventional or methylcellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose and dried onto the microneedle, were monitored. Next, to evaluate the in vivo immunogenicity and protection effect of each dried vaccine formulation, mice were immunized by the antigen-coated microneedle, which had either the conventional or the proposed formulation. Two novel formulations were chosen in the preliminary screening, and in further evaluations, they exhibited a 20 % higher HA activity during storage for 3 months, and no aggregation was observed during storage after drying. In a mouse model, the microneedle with the novel formulation elicited a higher level of IgG and IgG2a was more prevalent in the IgG isotype profile. In addition, mice immunized with the HEC-coated microneedle survived with small weight loss (>90 %) against lethal challenge infection. Overall, the novel formulation hydroxyethyl cellulose preserved significantly higher HA activity during the production and storage of the microneedle as well as improved the in vivo immunogenicity of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Noh
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Tunuguntla RH, Henley RY, Yao YC, Pham TA, Wanunu M, Noy A. Enhanced water permeability and tunable ion selectivity in subnanometer carbon nanotube porins. Science 2017; 357:792-796. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Universal and reusable virus deactivation system for respiratory protection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39956. [PMID: 28051158 PMCID: PMC5209731 DOI: 10.1038/srep39956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosolized pathogens are a leading cause of respiratory infection and transmission. Currently used protective measures pose potential risk of primary/secondary infection and transmission. Here, we report the development of a universal, reusable virus deactivation system by functionalization of the main fibrous filtration unit of surgical mask with sodium chloride salt. The salt coating on the fiber surface dissolves upon exposure to virus aerosols and recrystallizes during drying, destroying the pathogens. When tested with tightly sealed sides, salt-coated filters showed remarkably higher filtration efficiency than conventional mask filtration layer, and 100% survival rate was observed in mice infected with virus penetrated through salt-coated filters. Viruses captured on salt-coated filters exhibited rapid infectivity loss compared to gradual decrease on bare filters. Salt-coated filters proved highly effective in deactivating influenza viruses regardless of subtypes and following storage in harsh environmental conditions. Our results can be applied in obtaining a broad-spectrum, airborne pathogen prevention device in preparation for epidemic and pandemic of respiratory diseases.
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Zaric M, Ibarzo Yus B, Kalcheva PP, Klavinskis LS. Microneedle-mediated delivery of viral vectored vaccines. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:1177-1187. [PMID: 27591122 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1230096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microneedle array platforms are a promising technology for vaccine delivery, due to their ease of administration with no sharp waste generated, small size, possibility of targeted delivery to the specified skin depth and efficacious delivery of different vaccine formulations, including viral vectors. Areas covered: Attributes and challenges of the most promising viral vector candidates that have advanced to the clinic and that have been leveraged for skin delivery by microneedles; The importance of understanding the immunobiology of antigen-presenting cells in the skin, in particular dendritic cells, in order to generate further improved skin vaccination strategies; recent studies where viral vectors expressing various antigens have been coupled with microneedle technology to examine their potential for improved vaccination. Expert opinion: Simple, economic and efficacious vaccine delivery methods are needed to improve health outcomes and manage possible outbreaks of new emerging viruses. Understanding what innate/inflammatory signals are required to induce both immediate and long-term responses remains a major hurdle in the development of the effective vaccines. One approach to meet these needs is microneedle-mediated viral vector vaccination. In order for this technology to fulfil this potential the industry must invest significantly to further develop its design, production, biosafety, delivery and large-scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zaric
- a Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology , King's College London , London , UK
| | - Bárbara Ibarzo Yus
- a Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology , King's College London , London , UK
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Tomar J, Born PA, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Dry influenza vaccines: towards a stable, effective and convenient alternative to conventional parenteral influenza vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1431-1447. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1182869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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