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Maglia M, Quattropani MC, Polosa R, Panassidi A, Caruso M, Mangione M, Nicolosi V, Mazzeppi SD, Lenzo V, Sardella A, Caponnetto P. Qualitative study on the perception of combustible cigarettes, e-cigarettes and heated tobacco cigarettes among pregnant women. J Addict Dis 2024; 42:219-229. [PMID: 36892131 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2023.2184302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The research proposes to investigate the psychological reasons that may explain women's addiction to smoking during pregnancy and the perception of combustible cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco cigarettes. The sample included 30 participants who smoke or people who previously smoked who chose to quit or continue smoking during pregnancy. The data was gathered via a semi-structured interview and developed from three research questions: feelings, opinions and perceptions of pregnant women toward e-cigarettes, heated tobacco cigarettes, and combustible cigarettes. The study used thematic qualitative analysis for the methodological formulation of the results. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research Standards (QRRS) checklist was used. In this qualitative research, three psychological reasons for the onset of smoking were found and analyzed: feelings of stress, nervousness, and loneliness. According to the results: 40.91% of the women who smoked combustible cigarettes decided to keep on smoking and 59.09% decided to quit, 16.67% of participants who use heated tobacco cigarette decided to continue during pregnancy and the remaining 83.33% decide to stop; lastly, there is a condition of fairness for adults who use e-cigarette, 50% decided to continue smoking during pregnancy and the other 50% decided to stop smoking. The data indicate that those who continue to smoke during pregnancy are participants who smoke combustible cigarettes, stating that they reduce the amount of smoke inhaled. Meanwhile, participants who use heated tobacco cigarettes or e-cigarettes are certain that they pose less risk than combustible cigarettes; nevertheless, most of them decide to quit smoking during pregnancy. Another important aspect that has been noted is that of formal abandonment treatments, as quite unexpectedly, there has been a unanimous recognition of strong distrust toward the possible risks to the unborn child. There is a lot of distrust and little knowledge of official smoking cessation therapies, and because of this, participants stated that they can quit smoking whenever they want and only with their own willpower. Five categories and related themes emerged from the thematic analysis, such as reasons for starting with themes such as stress, irritation, loneliness, adolescence and integration; reasons for attachment to topics such as habit and carelessness about one's health; perceptions of traditional cigarettes compared to e-cigarettes and heated cigarettes with related topics such as sensory experiences and side effects; feelings and use of official smoking cessation therapies with issues as willpower and knowledge; information on the effects of smoke during pregnancy and breastfeeding, including risk information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Maglia
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, Mascalucia, Italy
| | - Maria C Quattropani
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Panassidi
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Manuela Caruso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marta Mangione
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-Off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Nicolosi
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-Off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Sardella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Dunham CM, Huang GS, Chance EA, Hileman BM. Association of Cigarette Smoking History With Drug Abuse History and Arterial Carboxyhemoglobin in Trauma Activation Patients: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58606. [PMID: 38765416 PMCID: PMC11102803 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between cigarette smoking and arterial carboxyhemoglobin (CoHb) in trauma activation patients has not been investigated. The aim was to determine if cigarette smoking is associated with drug abuse history and arterial CoHb levels. Methodology This is a retrospective review of level I trauma center activations aged 18-60 during 2018-2020. A medical record audit was performed to assess each patient's cigarette smoking and drug abuse history and admission arterial CoHb level. The CoHb levels and smoking history for each patient were used to construct a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Of the 742 trauma activations aged 18-60, 737 (99.3%) had a documented cigarette smoking history. Smoking history was positive in 49.7% (366) and negative in 50.3% (371). The positive smoking proportion was greater in patients with a drug abuse history (63.9% (234/366)) than those with a negative history (31.0% (115/371); p<0.0001; odds ratio=4.0). In 717 patients with a CoHb value, the CoHb was higher in smokers (3.9±2.2%) than in non-smokers (0.5±0.4%; p<0.0001; Cohen d=2.2). A CoHb >1.5% was higher in smokers (93.3% (333/357)) than non-smokers (1.7% (6/360); p<0.0001; odds ratio=818.6). The receiver operating characteristic curve for the relationship between CoHb and cigarette smoking history showed an area under the curve of 0.980 (p<0.0001). Using an arterial CoHb level >1.5% to predict a positive smoking history and a CoHb level ≤1.5% to predict a non-smoking history, sensitivity was 93.3% (333/357), specificity was 98.3% (354/360), and accuracy was 95.8% (687/717). Conclusion Cigarette smoking in trauma activations aged 18-60 is associated with drug abuse history and increased arterial CoHb levels on trauma center arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michael Dunham
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, USA
| | - Gregory S Huang
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, USA
| | - Elisha A Chance
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, USA
| | - Barbara M Hileman
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, USA
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Uslu NZ, Karaman I, Oral A, Torun SD, Kalamanoglu Balci M. Correlates of Smoking, Work Stress, and Mindful Awareness among Private Hospital Workers in Istanbul. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:743-751. [PMID: 38321759 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2302129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background: The recent increase in workload and stress experienced by healthcare workers (HCW) is a significant global concern. Mindfulness enables one to be aware of emotions, thoughts, and present moment experiences. Objectives: The primary objective of this research is to investigate the correlates between smoking, occupational stress, and mindful awareness levels, among HCWs within the private healthcare sector. This study was conducted at a tertiary-level university-affiliated hospital in Istanbul between January - February 2023. 208 HCW participated, yielding a response rate of 20%. The participants were requested to complete a 61-item questionnaire consisting of demographics, General Work Stress Scale(GWS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Test to Assess the Psychological Dependence on Smoking (TAPDS). Results: Smokers had significantly higher levels of mean GWS scores than nonsmokers. The mean MAAS scores of smokers were the lowest in the group with the highest scores of psychological dependence; it was highest in the group with the lowest scores. A negative correlation was found between general work stress and mindful awareness levels and between psychological dependence on smoking and mindfulness levels. HCWs aged 45 and older had significantly lower general stress than others. Conclusion: This study showed that the general work stress levels of smoker HCWs were higher than those of nonsmokers. Mindful awareness level was the lowest in the group, with the highest scores in psychological dependence on smoking. There was a negative correlation between psychological dependence on smoking and both work stress and mindful awareness levels. This study demonstrated that high work stress and low mindful awareness levels are not only related to each other but also to high psychological dependence on smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Zeynep Uslu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Karaman
- Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Oral
- Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sebahat Dilek Torun
- Department of Public Health, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Kalamanoglu Balci
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chilver MR, Champaigne-Klassen E, Schofield PR, Williams LM, Gatt JM. Predicting wellbeing over one year using sociodemographic factors, personality, health behaviours, cognition, and life events. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5565. [PMID: 37019908 PMCID: PMC10076502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various sociodemographic, psychosocial, cognitive, and life event factors are associated with mental wellbeing; however, it remains unclear which measures best explain variance in wellbeing in the context of related variables. This study uses data from 1017 healthy adults from the TWIN-E study of wellbeing to evaluate the sociodemographic, psychosocial, cognitive, and life event predictors of wellbeing using cross-sectional and repeated measures multiple regression models over one year. Sociodemographic (age, sex, education), psychosocial (personality, health behaviours, and lifestyle), emotion and cognitive processing, and life event (recent positive and negative life events) variables were considered. The results showed that while neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and cognitive reappraisal were the strongest predictors of wellbeing in the cross-sectional model, while extraversion, conscientiousness, exercise, and specific life events (work related and traumatic life events) were the strongest predictors of wellbeing in the repeated measures model. These results were confirmed using tenfold cross-validation procedures. Together, the results indicate that the variables that best explain differences in wellbeing between individuals at baseline can vary from the variables that predict change in wellbeing over time. This suggests that different variables may need to be targeted to improve population-level compared to individual-level wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R Chilver
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5717, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers VISN21, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304-151-Y, USA
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Dunham CM, Huang GS, Chance EA, Hileman BM, Han JS. Trauma activation patient preinjury toxicology-positive proportions and associated risk conditions: A retrospective study. Injury 2023; 54:1334-1341. [PMID: 36737270 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike prior guidelines for a positive toxicology screen, the 2022 national trauma data bank dictionary requires the exclusion of postinjury drugs. We aimed to (1) investigate the proportion of drugs in the toxicology screen that were given postinjury; (2) determine preinjury toxicology-positive associations with smoking, psychiatric, and drug abuse histories in an activation patient (ACT-Pt) cohort; and (3) explore whether ACT-Pt varied toxicology testing rates would produce similar preinjury toxicology-positive results. METHODS In this retrospective study, the historic parent database included consecutive trauma center admissions where toxicology testing was discretionary. A supplementary electronic medical record audit of ACT-Pts age 18-60 years assessed smoking, psychiatric, and drug abuse histories. Subsequently, ACT-Pt age 18-100 years testing was encouraged by attending surgeons and, later routine testing was implemented. RESULTS Of 2,076 patients in the historic parent database, discretionary toxicology testing occurred in 23.9% (n = 496) and the positive proportion was 58.9% (n = 292). However, 23.6% (n = 69) of the positive screens had the drug given postinjury. The preinjury positive-toxicology proportion was 45.0% (223/496). Preinjury toxicology positivity was greater in ACT-Pts age 18-60 years (52.3%) than in other patients (activations >60 years of age or consultations) (33.7%; p < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] = 2.2). Smoking, psychiatric, and drug abuse histories were more common in ACT-Pts age 18-60 years preinjury toxicology-positive patients (74.4%, 51.3%, and 98.7%) than in negative patients (36.6%, 25.2%, and 25.2%; p < 0.0001). In ACT-Pts age 18-100 years, when compared to historic discretionary testing (32.7%), testing was increased with encouraged testing (62.1%; p < 0.0001; OR = 3.4) and routine testing (73.1%; p < 0.0001; OR = 5.6). ACT-Pt preinjury toxicology positivity was similar for historic discretionary (47.9%), encouraged (57.6%), and routine (51.3%) (p = 0.3670) testing. The meta-analytic toxicology-positive proportion for the three testing strategies was 49.8%. CONCLUSIONS Substantial toxicology-positive findings are due to postinjury drug administration. Toxicology positivity is associated with ACT-Pts age 18-60 years and smoking, psychiatric, and drug abuse histories. ACT-Pt age 18-100 years preinjury toxicology positivity is 50% and does not vary with different testing proportions and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michael Dunham
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery Services, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, 1044 Belmont Ave., St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, OH 44501, United States.
| | - Gregory S Huang
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery Services, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, 1044 Belmont Ave., St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Elisha A Chance
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, 1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Barbara M Hileman
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, 1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Jane S Han
- Department of Surgery, St Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, 1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
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Gender differences in the stress-buffering effects of mindfulness facets on substance use among low-income adolescents. Addict Behav 2023; 136:107491. [PMID: 36115085 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Problematic substance use during adolescence predicts numerous adverse outcomes, including increased risk of substance use disorders in adulthood. Adolescents often use substances to cope with stress, particularly adolescents who have experienced environmental stress in childhood (e.g., low-income environments), but research indicates stress-related substance use disorders may develop differently across gender. This highlights a need to identify coping resources for stress-related substance use and understand whether these coping resources are differentially effective across gender. Mindfulness has garnered evidence as a coping resource for stress-related problematic substance use; however, there is limited research on how specific mindfulness facets (e.g., nonjudgment) may buffer against stress-related substance use among adolescents. This study examined whether overall mindfulness and specific facets buffered the association between stress and substance use differentially across gender in a predominantly low-income, racially-diverse (42 % Black, 24 % White, 15 % Hispanic/Latinx, 13 % Asian, 3 % American Indian/Alaskan Native, and 3 % multiracial) sample of adolescents (n = 212) using moderated moderation models. Girls with lower levels of two mindfulness facets (i.e., acceptance/nonjudgement, decentering/nonreactivity), relative to girls with higher levels, demonstrated a greater probability of substance use with increased stress. Conversely, boys with higher levels of acceptance/nonjudgement and decentering/nonreactivity, relative to boys with lower levels, reported a greater probability of substance use with increased stress. Results suggest that acceptance/nonjudgment and decentering/nonreactivity may be protective against stress-related substance use for girls and potentially contraindicated for boys, indicating that adolescent substance use prevention and intervention efforts may need to be tailored by gender.
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Dunham CM, Huang GS, Chance EA, Hileman BM. Trauma center risk conditions for blood alcohol-positive and alcohol misuse patients: a retrospective study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2022; 12:149-160. [PMID: 36160674 PMCID: PMC9490155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because few studies have assessed blood alcohol concentration (BAC)-positive risk conditions in trauma activation patients, this retrospective investigation pursued such an analysis. The parent database included consecutive trauma center admissions from January 21 to July 21 for 2018-2020. The supplementary electronic medical record audit of trauma activation patients aged 18-60 years (TA18-60) assessed alcohol misuse, smoking history, and serum bicarbonate levels. An alcohol misuse risk score was created by assigning a value of 0 (no) or 1 (yes) for each risk condition: 1) smoking history, 2) BAC-positive status, 3) BAC ≥ 100 mg/dL with Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) ≥ 13, 4) age ≥ 40 years, and 5) bicarbonate level ≥ 20 mmol/L in BAC-positive patients and summing the total score (range, 0-5). Of 2,076 patients, BAC testing occurred in 60.9% (n = 1,265). BAC positivity was greater in TA18-60 (36.9%) than in other patients (20.8%; P < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] = 2.2). In the TA18-60 audit (n = 742), categorizations were available for BAC status, 98.5%; smoking history, 99.3%; alcohol misuse history, 99.5%; and bicarbonate level, 99.5%. BAC positivity was greater in smokers (41.3%) than in non-smokers (31.5%; P = 0.0061; OR = 1.5). BAC positivity was greater with alcohol misuse (87.0%) than without (17.7%; P < 0.0001; OR = 31.2). BAC-positive was associated with a greater proportion of bicarbonate levels < 20 mmol/L (52.0%) than BAC-negative (31.8%; P < 0.0001; OR = 2.3). The alcohol misuse proportion was greater with an alcohol misuse risk score of 3-5 (74.4% [142/191]) than with a risk score of 0-2 (10.4% [57/546]; P < 0.0001; OR = 24.9; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.89). This retrospective study demonstrates that BAC positivity is associated with TA18-60, smoking and alcohol misuse histories, and metabolic acidosis. An alcohol misuse history is associated with multiple risk conditions. Trauma center leadership should provide procedures to identify patients who are BAC-positive or have a positive smoking or alcohol misuse history. Then, such patients should be referred to care providers who can offer assistance and guidance for enhancing overall patient wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Dunham
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery Services, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Gregory S Huang
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery Services, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Elisha A Chance
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Barbara M Hileman
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
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Shared genetic architectures of subjective well-being in East Asian and European ancestry populations. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1014-1026. [PMID: 35589828 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Subjective well-being (SWB) has been explored in European ancestral populations; however, whether the SWB genetic architecture is shared across populations remains unclear. We conducted a cross-population genome-wide association study for SWB using samples from Korean (n = 110,919) and European (n = 563,176) ancestries. Five ancestry-specific loci and twelve cross-ancestry significant genomic loci were identified. One novel locus (rs12298541 near HMGA2) associated with SWB was also identified through the European meta-analysis. Significant cross-ancestry genetic correlation for SWB between samples was observed. Polygenic risk analysis in an independent Korean cohort (n = 22,455) demonstrated transferability between populations. Significant correlations between SWB and major depressive disorder, and significant enrichment of central nervous system-related polymorphisms heritability in both ancestry populations were found. Hence, large-scale cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies can advance our understanding of SWB genetic architecture and mental health.
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Wilkes J, Garip G, Kotera Y, Fido D. Can Ikigai Predict Anxiety, Depression, and Well-being? Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-13. [PMID: 35250405 PMCID: PMC8887802 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese construct of ikigai reflects a sense of having 'purpose in life' or a 'reason for living and has been associated with a variety of positive health outcomes. However, to date little research into ikigai exists within Western populations. This study explored the predictive power of ikigai for measures of well-being, depression, and anxiety in an adult Western population. Ninety-four participants (70% female) responded to an online survey. After accounting for the covariates of sex, age, employment status, and student status, multiple hierarchical regression indicated that ikigai positively predicted well-being and negatively predicted depression. While on its own, ikigai negatively predicted anxiety; this was not the case after accounting for the aforementioned covariates. The findings support the importance for investigating ikigai in the West and the need for further exploration of ikigai as a potential means of bringing about benefit in mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Wilkes
- Enterprise Centre, University of Derby Online Learning, University of Derby, Bridge Street, Derby, DE1 3LD UK
| | - Gulcan Garip
- Enterprise Centre, University of Derby Online Learning, University of Derby, Bridge Street, Derby, DE1 3LD UK
| | - Yasuhiro Kotera
- Enterprise Centre, University of Derby Online Learning, University of Derby, Bridge Street, Derby, DE1 3LD UK
| | - Dean Fido
- Enterprise Centre, University of Derby Online Learning, University of Derby, Bridge Street, Derby, DE1 3LD UK
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Kang W. The relationship between smoking frequency and life satisfaction: Mediator of self-rated health (SRH). Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:937685. [PMID: 36569614 PMCID: PMC9768358 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.937685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-established that smoking is associated with life satisfaction. However, much less is known about how smoking frequency is related to life satisfaction and if self-rated health (SRH) mediates such a relationship. This is important to understand because life satisfaction is related to a lot of outcomes such as morbidity and mortality. The aim of the current study is to test whether smoking frequency relates to life satisfaction via SRH pathway. METHOD Data were extracted from Wave 7 (collected between 2015 and 2016), Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). After removing non-smokers and participants with missing variables of interest, 5, 519 smokers out of 39, 293 participants remained for further analysis. Correlation coefficients were calculated between smoking frequency, SRH, and life satisfaction. Mediation analysis was performed by taking smoking frequency as the predictor, SRH as the mediator, life satisfaction as the outcome variable, and demographics as covariates using the mediation toolbox on MATLAB 2018a with 10000 bootstrap sample significance testing (https://github.com/canlab/MediationToolbox). RESULTS The current study found a negative correlation between smoking frequency and life satisfaction [r = -0.09, 95% C.I (-0.12, -0.06), p < 0.001] and between smoking frequency and SRH [r = -0.17, 95% C.I (-0.14, -0.19), p < 0.001], and a positive correlation between SRH and life satisfaction [r = 0.44, 95% C.I (0.41, 0.46), p < 0.001]. Results from the mediation analysis revealed that there is a significant effect of Path a [i.e., smoking frequency to SRH; β = -0.02, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. (-0.02, -0.02)], Path b [SRH to life satisfaction; β = 0.68, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. (0.66, 0.69)], Path c' [direct effect; β = -0.01, p < 0.01, 95% C.I. (0.66, 0.69)], Path c [total effect; β =-0.02, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. (-0.02, -0.02)], and Path a*b [mediation effect; β = -0.01, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. (-0.01, -0.014)]. CONCLUSION SRH partially mediated the negative relationship between smoking frequency and life satisfaction. Findings from the current study may imply that antismoking campaigns and pamphlets are needed to counter the promotion of smoking by the tobacco industry. Moreover, interventions are needed for current smokers to reduce their smoking frequency to improve their life satisfaction, which can promote life satisfaction and positive outcomes associated with better life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- UK DRI Care Research and Technology Centre, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lappan S, Thorne CB, Long D, Hendricks PS. Longitudinal and Reciprocal Relationships Between Psychological Well-Being and Smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:18-23. [PMID: 30219867 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking cessation treatments currently succeed at a rate of approximately 20%-30%, underscoring the importance of exploring factors that might increase intervention effectiveness. Although negative affect has been studied extensively in relation to smoking cessation, psychological well-being (PWB; eg, life satisfaction, optimism, positive affect, purpose in life) has received little attention. This study tested longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between PWB and smoking status in older adults. METHODS Panel data were obtained from the biennial, longitudinal Health and Retirement Study. Using structural equation modeling, we developed cross-lagged models to examine the relationships of PWB in 2006 with smoking status in 2010 and of smoking status in 2006 with PWB in 2010 while controlling for covariates (Ns = 2939-4230, 55% women, 89% white, mean age = 64 years, mean years of education = 13, 25% smokers in 2006 and 21% smokers in 2010). Separate cross-lagged models were developed for each of the PWB variables: life satisfaction, optimism, positive affect, and purpose in life. RESULTS Greater life satisfaction (standardized path coefficient = -0.04), optimism (standardized path coefficient = -0.07), and positive affect (standardized path coefficient = -0.08) in 2006 predicted a reduced likelihood of smoking in 2010. Being a smoker in 2006 predicted lower life satisfaction (standardized path coefficient = -0.25), optimism (standardized path coefficient = -0.10), positive affect (standardized path coefficient = -0.10), and purpose in life (standardized path coefficient = -0.13) in 2010. CONCLUSIONS Findings warrant further exploration of the relationships between PWB and smoking, and support the incorporation of PWB-boosting components into existing treatments. IMPLICATIONS Given the relatively low success rate of current smoking cessation treatments, the present results suggest that increasing PWB might promote abstinence and therefore warrant consideration as a focus of future cessation treatment research. Moreover, these results suggest that smoking might inhibit PWB, illuminating a negative consequence of smoking not previously identified. Helping smokers increase their PWB may benefit them beyond promoting cessation and contribute to a flourishing society. These results warrant further investigation of PWB and smoking, and support the continued evaluation of PWB-boosting components in smoking cessation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lappan
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Christopher B Thorne
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Dustin Long
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Peter S Hendricks
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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12
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Ali R, Zhang Z, Bux Soomro M, Gogan ICW, Soomro HR. Tobacco control via quick response code and mobile health technologies: Empirical-evidence of the health belief model theory. HUMAN SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/hsm-190629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahib Ali
- School of Management Science and Economy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ziqiong Zhang
- School of Management Science and Economy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Muhammad Bux Soomro
- Computer Science Department, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Larkana Campus, Pakistan
| | | | - Habib Rehman Soomro
- Management Sciences Department, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Larkana Campus, Pakistan
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13
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de Souza IW, Kozasa EH, Rabello LA, Mattozo B, Bowen S, Richter KP, Sartes LMA, Noto AR. Dispositional mindfulness, affect and tobacco dependence among treatment naive cigarette smokers in Brazil. Tob Induc Dis 2019; 17:28. [PMID: 31582939 PMCID: PMC6751993 DOI: 10.18332/tid/105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study examined associations between affective and smoking-related factors, and dispositional mindfulness among smokers seeking enrollment in a cessation program in Brazil. METHODS Participants were first-time treatment seeking adult smokers (N=90) on a waiting list for a government-sponsored cessation program. Pearson's bivariate correlations assessed relationships between the primary outcome variable (dispositional mindfulness) and each explanatory variable (nicotine dependence, depression, anxiety, and state positive/negative affect). Linear regression analyses evaluated the unique contribution of each explanatory variable when controlling for the others. RESULTS The sample (N=90) was predominantly female (n=71) and most (79%) had 11 or fewer years of education. In the final regression model, a total of 36.2% of the variance in dispositional mindfulness was accounted for by positive affect (B=0.81, p<0.001), negative affect (B= -0.44, p=0.02), and level of nicotine dependence (B=1.48, p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Positive and negative affect, as well as nicotine dependence, account for a significant and sizable amount of the variance in dispositional mindfulness. Future mindfulness interventions for smoking cessation should be designed to address individual differences in affect, as well as nicotine dependence, in order to better tailor treatment to address baseline differences in mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luane A Rabello
- Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Mattozo
- Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Sarah Bowen
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, United States
| | - Kimber P Richter
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, United States
| | | | - Ana Regina Noto
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Salman A, Sellami M, Al-Mohannadi AS, Chun S. The Associations between Mental Well-Being and Adherence to Physical Activity Guidelines in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Results from the Scottish Health Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193596. [PMID: 31561424 PMCID: PMC6801738 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The association between physical activity (PA) and mental well-being in individuals with a cardiovascular disease (CVD) is poorly studied. The objective of this study was to assess the association between mental well-being and adherence to the recommended guidelines for PA in a Scottish adult population with CVD. The study used data from 3128 adults who had CVD conditions (1547 men and 1581 women; mean age 63.29 years) who participated in the Scottish Health Survey between 2014 and 2017. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) was used as a surrogate measure of mental health. PA was classified as "met" or "unmet" on the basis of the recommended PA guidelines (150 min of moderate activity or 75 min of vigorous activity per week). The relationship between PA guidelines being met and the WEMWBS score was explored using hierarchical linear regression accounting for a set of health and sociodemographic characteristics. Of the participants, ~41.8% met the recommended PA levels. Among those with CVD, the mean (SD) WEMWBS scores of individuals who did not have a long-standing illness (51.14 ± 7.65 vs 47.07 ± 9.54; p < 0.05), diabetes (48.44 ± 9.05 vs 46.04 ± 10.25; p < 0.05), or high blood pressure (48.63 ± 9.08 vs 47.52 ± 9.47; p < 0.05) were significantly higher than those of individuals with such conditions. Meeting PA recommendations was significantly associated with a higher mean WEMWBS score (50.64 ± 7.97 vs 46.06 ± 9.75; p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis of health-related behaviors improved the prediction of mental well-being over and above meeting the recommended PA levels. Mental well-being was strongly correlated with PA adherence in CVD patients. It seems that for patients with CVD, PA should be tailored to meet patients' health conditions in order to promote mental well-being and improve overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salman
- College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
- Kuwait Public Policy Centre, General Secretariat of the Supreme Council for Planning and Development, 13001 Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Maha Sellami
- Sport Science Program (SSP), College of Arts and Sciences (CAS), Qatar University,2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi
- Research and Scientific Support Department; Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, 29222 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sungsoo Chun
- Kuwait Public Policy Centre, General Secretariat of the Supreme Council for Planning and Development, 13001 Safat, Kuwait.
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15
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Sala M, Rochefort C, Lui PP, Baldwin AS. Trait mindfulness and health behaviours: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2019; 14:345-393. [DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1650290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Sala
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - P. Priscilla Lui
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Austin S. Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
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16
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Paulus DJ, Langdon KJ, Wetter DW, Zvolensky MJ. Dispositional Mindful Attention in Relation to Negative Affect, Tobacco Withdrawal, and Expired Carbon Monoxide On and After Quit Day. J Addict Med 2019; 12:40-44. [PMID: 28922195 PMCID: PMC5786492 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness (or "Mindful Attention") has been described as the presence or absence of attention to, and awareness of, what is occurring in the present moment. Among smokers, greater mindfulness is associated with greater effect stability and reduced cue-induced craving. While studies have shown that mindfulness is associated with other smoking-related factors such as reduced withdrawal symptoms using cross-sectional data, relatively little is known about the associations between baseline mindful attention and future abstinence-related effect/withdrawal. The current study sought to examine whether levels of mindful attention before cessation predicts negative affect, withdrawal, and level of expired carbon monoxide (CO) on quit day, and also 3 and 7 days after quitting, during a self-quit attempt. METHODS Data from 58 adults (mean age = 34.9; 65.5% male) participating in a self-quit study were available for analysis. Self-report measures of mindful attention, negative affect, and withdrawal symptoms were collected. Biochemical measurement of expired CO was also collected. Dependent variables were assessed on quit day, and also 3 and 7 days after quitting. Covariates included age, race, sex, self-reported level of cigarette dependence, and smoking status through 7 days. Multivariate regression was used to evaluate the association of baseline mindful attention in relation to the studied outcomes. RESULTS Greater mindful attention predicted lower negative affect and reduced withdrawal at all 3 time-points. Mindful attention did not predict levels of expired CO. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that mindful attention before or during smoking-cessation treatment may help to reduce negative affect and withdrawal, which serve as barriers to cessation for many smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David W. Wetter
- University of Utah, Department of Population Health Sciences and the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City,
UT
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, Houston, Texas
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17
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Guo C, Tomson G, Keller C, Söderqvist F. Prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:263. [PMID: 29454315 PMCID: PMC5816379 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating the prevalence of positive mental health and its correlates are still scarce compared to the studies on mental disorders, although there is growing interest of assessing positive mental health in adolescents. So far, no other study examining the prevalence and determinants of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents has been found. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire including Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) and items regarding multiple aspects of adolescent life. The sample involved a total of 5399 students from grade 8 and 10 in Weifang, China. Multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between potential indicators regarding socio-economic situations, life style, social support and school life and positive mental health and calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS More than half (57.4%) of the participants were diagnosed as flourishing. The correlated factors of positive mental health in regression models included gender, perceived family economy, the occurrence of sibling(s), satisfaction of self-appearance, physical activity, sleep quality, stress, social trust, desire to learn, support from teachers and parents as well as whether being bullied at school (OR ranging from 1.23 to 2.75). The Hosmer-Lemeshow p-value for the final regression model (0.45) indicated adequate model fit. CONCLUSION This study gives the first overview on prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents. The prevalence of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents is higher than reported in most of the previous studies also using MHC-SF. Our findings suggest that adolescents with advantageous socio-economic situations, life style, social support and school life are experiencing better positive mental health than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Tomson
- Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Keller
- International Business School, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Söderqvist
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västerås Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
- Competence Center for Health, Region of Västmanland, Västerås Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
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18
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Boyas JF, Valera P, Ruiz E. Subjective well-being among Latino day laborers: Examining the role of religiosity, social networks, and cigarette use. Health Promot Perspect 2018; 8:46-53. [PMID: 29423362 PMCID: PMC5797308 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2018.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Latino day laborers (LDLs) experience chronic stressors, that adversely affects their subjective well-being (SWB). The purpose of the study was to determine whether LDLs' sociodemographic characteristics, religiosity, social networks, and cigarette use were significantly associated with SWB. Methods: AApproximately 150 LDLs from 4 informal day laborer sites in Dallas and Arlington, Texas, participated in the cross-sectional survey. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and data on SWB were collected face-to-face from April 2013 through July 2013. Results: Most respondents were of Mexican ancestry, (n = 112; 75%), were foreign-born (n = 140; 93%), and undocumented (n = 108; 72%). LDLs reported a mean satisfaction with life score of 19.07 (SD=8.52). Thirty percent of LDLs reported not smoking any cigarettes in the past 30 days. However, 20% reported smoking 20-39 cigarettes, while another 20% reported smoking 40 or more cigarettes in the past 30 days. Hierarchical multiple regression results indicated that marital status (β = 0.13, P ≤ 0.05), connectedness to friends (β = 0.21, P ≤ 0.001), the influence of religion on life (β = 0.57, P ≤ 0.01), frequency of attendance to religious institution (β = 0.11, P ≤ 0.005), and cigarette use (β = -0.15, P ≤ 0.05) were significantly associated with the SWB appraisals of LDLs. Conclusion: These findings show that LDLs are resilient and rely on noneconomic factors to enhance their perceived quality of life. The results underscore the need to identify pathways to improve SWB among LDLs. Doing so may address the broader mental health and occupational health disparities gaps that affect LDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier F Boyas
- Department of Social Work, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Pamela Valera
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences & Department of Urban Health Administration, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Erika Ruiz
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76016, USA
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19
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Alsubaie ASR. Prevalence and determinants of smoking behavior among male school adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2018; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2017-0180/ijamh-2017-0180.xml. [PMID: 29369814 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Smoking and tobacco use is a growing public health problem, with often begins in adolescence. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of smoking behavior and the associated determinants among adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire with 453 male adolescent students in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to aggregate the findings and examine associations. Results The prevalence of smoking was 24.3% among adolescents. The main predictors of smoking behavior were found to be age (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-2.0; p < 0.001), studying in private schools (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.5; p < 0.001), having friends who smoke (OR = 13.9; 95% CI: 6.6-29.9; p < 0.001), smoking parent (OR = 18.1; 95% CI: 8.8-37.1; p < 0.001), perceived poor health (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.9-3.9; p = 0.041) and perceived dissatisfaction with life (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.33-13.3; p = 0.017). Smokers were more likely to believe that it is difficult to quit smoking (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.6-5.5; p < 0.001). The top reasons for smoking were having smoker friends (78.2%), family neglect (45.5%), having smoker parents (41.8%), family problems (37.3%), enjoyment, and having smoker relatives. Conclusion This study concluded that a considerable proportion of adolescents are smokers. Adolescents with a smoking habit report poorer health and lower life satisfaction than non-smokers. Several personal and social factors were identified as important determinants for smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saad R Alsubaie
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Hendriks SH, van Soldt EGW, van Vugt M, Groenier KH, Roelofsen Y, Maas AHEM, Bilo HJG, Kleefstra N, van Hateren KJJ. Lifestyle and emotional well-being in men and women with type 2 diabetes (e-VitaDM-4; ZODIAC-48). Eur J Gen Pract 2017; 23:83-90. [PMID: 28326866 PMCID: PMC5774266 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2017.1292348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether lifestyle is associated with well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is largely unknown. Uncovering and clarifying associations between these constructs may lead to new strategies for improving both. Objectives: The aim was to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and well-being, focussing on gender differences. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1085 patients with T2D that participated in the e-Vita part of the Zwolle outpatient diabetes project integrating available care (ZODIAC) study. Patients were included from May 2012 until September 2014 from 52 general practices. Emotional well-being was assessed with the World Health Organization-5 well-being index (WHO-5). Lifestyle information on body mass index, smoking, physical activity and alcohol use was extracted from self-reported questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analyses were used. Results: After adjustment for other lifestyle factors, physical activity, smoking and drinking 22–35 alcohol consumptions per week were associated with the WHO-5 score in men and physical activity and smoking were associated with the WHO-5 score in women. In the fully adjusted analyses for the total study population, physical activity and smoking were still associated with the WHO-5 score (b = 1.1, P < .001 and b =-3.1, P = .018, respectively). In the fully adjusted analyses stratified to gender only physical activity was associated with the WHO-5 score (in men: b =0.8, P = .006, in women: b = 1.4, P = .001). Conclusion: This study shows a negative, non-clinically relevant association between smoking and emotional well-being in the total population with T2D and a positive, non-clinically relevant association between physical activity and emotional well-being in both men and women with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelien G W van Soldt
- a Diabetes Centre , Isala, Zwolle , The Netherlands.,b Department of General Practice , University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Michael van Vugt
- c Department of Medical Psychology , VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Klaas H Groenier
- a Diabetes Centre , Isala, Zwolle , The Netherlands.,b Department of General Practice , University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | | | - Angela H E M Maas
- d Department of Cardiology , Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Henk J G Bilo
- a Diabetes Centre , Isala, Zwolle , The Netherlands.,e Department of Internal Medicine , University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,f Department of Internal Medicine , Isala , Zwolle , The Netherlands
| | - Nanne Kleefstra
- e Department of Internal Medicine , University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,g Medical Research Group Langerhans , Zwolle , The Netherlands
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21
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Garey L, Manning K, Jardin C, Leventhal AM, Stone M, Raines AM, Pang RD, Neighbors C, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: A reevaluation of the psychometric properties across two independent samples of smokers. Psychol Assess 2017; 30:678-692. [PMID: 28782978 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug use outcome expectancies are a central construct to psychosocial theories of addictive disorders. In tobacco literature, the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ; Brandon & Baker, 1991) is a tool used to assess this construct. Despite its common use, the SCQ has received little psychometric evaluation. In the current report, samples from 2 studies were used to examine the assumed SCQ structure, develop a novel truncated scale, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the novel scale. In Study 1, the 4-factor SCQ structure was examined using data from 343 (32.4% female; Mage = 43.7; SD = 10.8) adult nontreatment-seeking smokers. Results from Study 1 indicated that the 4-factor SCQ structure did not adequately explain covariance between items. Instead, results provided evidence for a 5-factor structure that tapped into outcome expectancies related to (a) immediate negative consequences (IC), (b) long-term negative consequences (LTC), (c) sensory satisfaction (SS), (d) negative affect reduction, and (e) appetite-weight control (AW). In Study 2, the 5-factor structure of the SCQ was confirmed and the construct validity was evaluated in 582 (48.2% female; Mage = 36.9; SD = 13.5) treatment-seeking adult smokers. Study 2 found evidence for measurement invariance across sex and overtime of the 5-factor structure as well as substantial construct validity. Results from 2 independent samples challenge the traditional 4-factor model of the SCQ, and instead, provide evidence for a novel 5-factor SCQ structure with strong validity and reliability. Alternate scoring algorithms for the SCQ, including a 5-subscale scheme, warrant consideration to ensure optimal measurement precision and construct differentiation. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam M Leventhal
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Matthew Stone
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California
| | | | - Raina D Pang
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California
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22
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Sapranaviciute-Zabazlajeva L, Luksiene D, Virviciute D, Bobak M, Tamosiunas A. Link between healthy lifestyle and psychological well-being in Lithuanian adults aged 45-72: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014240. [PMID: 28373254 PMCID: PMC5387968 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study uses a cross-sectional study design to analyse the connection between psychological well-being (PWB) and components of a healthy lifestyle in the Lithuanian population aged 45-72. The purpose of our study is to establish the links between PWB and lifestyle factors such as physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and dietary patterns in people above the age of 44. PARTICIPANTS A stratified sample of 10 940 urban citizens aged 45-72 years were randomly selected from the National Population Register. The response rate was 65%. METHODS PWB was evaluated by using a Control Autonomy Self-realization and Pleasure (CASP-12) questionnaire. The standard questionnaire included questions regarding the respondent's sociodemographic, socioeconomic and social status. The lifestyle questionnaire evaluated behavioural factors as smoking status, alcohol consumption, nutrition habits and physical activity. Objective measurements of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors were taken. RESULTS Adjusted for sociodemographic, socioeconomic, social and biological CVD risk factors, the probability of higher PWB increased for physically active men and women and male former smokers. Higher PWB was directly associated with consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. Responders who consumed potatoes, meat, boiled vegetables and eggs less frequently than average were more likely to have higher PWB. A direct association was ascertained between PWB and consumption of chicken and fish, as well as an inverse association between PWB and consumption of sweets in women. CONCLUSIONS Healthy lifestyle education efforts should focus on increasing physical activity, controlling smoking and improving diversity in healthy food consumption including the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, particularly among older adults with lower PWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sapranaviciute-Zabazlajeva
- Health Psychology Department, Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Luksiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Virviciute
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Safiri S, Eslami-Shahr Babaki A, Matin N, Motamed-Gorji N, Motlagh ME, Djalalinia S, Ardalan G, Mansourian M, Asayesh H, Kelishadi R. Association of passive and active smoking with self-rated health and life satisfaction in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN IV study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e012694. [PMID: 28196944 PMCID: PMC5318555 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the joint association of passive and active smoking with self-rated health and life satisfaction among Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS Using a multistage random cluster sampling method, a representative sample of 14 880 school students were selected from urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Data were gathered using a questionnaire, a weight scale and metre. Participants were classified into four groups based on their smoking patterns: 'non-smoker', 'only active smoker', 'only passive smoker' and 'active and passive smoker'. Life satisfaction (LS) and self-rated health (SRH) were assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires based on the WHO-Global School-based student Health Survey (WHO-GSHS). Data were analysed using a t-test, χ2 test and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 13 486 individuals (6640 girls and 6846 boys) out of 14 880 invited participated in the study (response rate 90.6%). LS and good SRH showed linearly negative associations with smoking status in both sexes. The proportions of LS and SRH categories were significantly different among all subsets of smoking status. Those classified as 'non-smokers' had the highest proportions of LS and good SRH, followed by 'only passive smokers' and 'only active smokers', while those with 'active and passive smoking' had the lowest proportions of LS and good SRH. In a multivariate model, students in the 'active and passive smoking' group had lower odds of LS (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.57) and good SRH (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.68) than those in the 'non-smoker' group. Students in the 'only passive smoker' group also had lower odds of LS (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.83) and good SRH (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.80) compared with the 'non-smoker' group. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with different smoking habits and exposure patterns have poorer SRH and LS than non-smokers. Both active and passive smoking status could affect LS and SRH in adolescents. Therefore, smoking prevention strategies should be considered as a health priority in school health services for promoting psychological well-being in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Amir Eslami-Shahr Babaki
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nassim Matin
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazgol Motamed-Gorji
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Haller CS. Trajectories of smoking behavior as a function of mood and satisfaction with life: What matters most? J Affect Disord 2016; 190:407-413. [PMID: 26547668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths per year. The present study investigated possible preventative factors of nicotine dependence, such as mood and Satisfaction With Life (SWL). METHODS Longitudinal Internet survey of 1957 individuals assessed three times at a two week interval (2007-2010). OUTCOME MEASURES Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS), feeling prisoner to cigarettes, smoking cessation, reduction, and relapse. PREDICTORS Time (i.e. trajectory of dependence over time), smoking status (daily, occasional or ex-smoker), mood, and SWL. All measures were assessed at each time point. RESULTS Both SWL, and mood, respectively were significantly associated with dependence (slopeSWL=-0.03, slopeSWL=-0.11, ps<0.001). With respect to feeling prisoner to cigarettes, mood but not SWL showed a significant association (slopeSWL=-0.14, p<0.001). Occasional, and ex-smokers showed significantly greater decrease in psychological dependence, as mood increased, than daily smokers (slopeoccasional=-0.28, poccasional=0.011; slopeex=-0.27, pex<0.001). Smoking cessation decreased over time, and both mood, as well as SWL had a significant impact on cessation (ORmood=1.43, pmood<0.01, ORSWL=1.15, pSWL=0.042). Reduction in smoking was predicted by SWL only (ORSWL=1.21, p=0.043), whereas relapse was predicted by mood only (ORmood=0.55, p<0.01). LIMITATIONS The participants were self-selected. Possible confounding relationships (e.g., medication) have to be further assessed. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette dependence, feeling prisoner to cigarettes, cessation, and reduction are significantly influenced by both mood and SWL. Treatments may thus tackle mood regulation, SWL, and nicotine dependence in tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara S Haller
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138,USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, MA 02115, USA.
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