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Cerbu M, Cerbu C, Papuc I. M-Mode Echocardiography in Canine Veterinary Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Left Ventricular Measurements in 44 Different Dog Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2986. [PMID: 37760386 PMCID: PMC10525205 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article focuses on the use of canine M-mode in veterinary medicine, specifically in assessing the left ventricle measurements in several breeds. It traces the historical development of echocardiography techniques, including A-mode, B-mode, and motion mode (M-mode), which provide accurate unidimensional records of cardiac structures. This article highlights the significance of M-mode measurements in diagnosing stage B2 of MMVD, where left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter corrected with body weight (LVIDdN) is essential for identifying cardiac enlargement. It also explains the role of M-mode in diagnosing DCM, outlining criteria such as left ventricular dilatation. The authors emphasize the importance of breed-specific reference values for echocardiographic measurements due to variations in somatotype among dogs. This review provides a comprehensive table summarizing M-mode measurements of the left ventricle for 44 different dog breeds, including interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular internal diameter, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness during systole and diastole. This review's methodology involves compiling data from various scientific literature sources, providing an extensive tabular representation of M-mode measurements for different breeds, ages, and sexes. Overall, this review highlights the critical role of M-mode echocardiography in diagnosing and managing cardiac diseases in dogs, underscores the importance of breed-specific reference values, and presents a comprehensive summary of M-mode measurements for various dog breeds, aiding both clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cerbu
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.C.); (I.P.)
| | - Constantin Cerbu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionel Papuc
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.C.); (I.P.)
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McPeek AC, Patton B, Columbus DA, Olver TD, Rodrigues LA, Sands JM, Weber LP, Ferguson DP. Low birth weight and reduced postnatal nutrition lead to cardiac dysfunction in piglets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad364. [PMID: 37880833 PMCID: PMC10656296 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in humans and evidence suggests early life growth-restriction increases heart disease risk in adulthood. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effects of low birth weight (LBW) and postnatal restricted nutrition (RN) on cardiac function in neonatal pigs. We hypothesized that LBW and RN would reduce cardiac function in pigs but this effect would be reversed with refeeding. To investigate this hypothesis, pigs born weighing <1.5 kg were assigned LBW, and pigs born >1.5 kg were assigned normal birth weight (NBW). Half the LBW and NBW pigs underwent ~25% total nutrient restriction via intermittent suckling (assigned RN) for the first 4 wk post-farrowing. The other half of piglets were allowed unrestricted suckling access to the sow (assigned NN). At 28 d of age (weaning), pigs were weaned and provided ad libitum access to a standard diet. Echocardiographic, vascular ultrasound, and blood pressure (BP) measurements were performed on day 28 and again on day 56 to assess cardiovascular structure and function. A full factorial three-way ANOVA (NN vs. RN, LBW vs. NBW, male vs. female) was performed. Key findings include reduced diastolic BP (P = 0.0401) and passive ventricular filling (P = 0.0062) in RN pigs at 28 d but this was reversed after refeeding. LBW piglets have reduced cardiac output index (P = 0.0037) and diastolic and systolic wall thickness (P = 0.0293 and P = 0.0472) at 56 d. Therefore, cardiac dysfunction from RN is recovered with adequate refeeding while LBW programs irreversible cardiac dysfunction despite proper refeeding in neonatal pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C McPeek
- Department of Kinesiology Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Center for Health Sciences Interprofessional Education, Research, and Practice, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98144, USA
| | - Breanna Patton
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Daniel A Columbus
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9, Canada
| | - T Dylan Olver
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Lucas A Rodrigues
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9, Canada
| | - Jade M Sands
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9, Canada
| | - Lynn P Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - David P Ferguson
- Department of Kinesiology Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Niimi S, Kobayashi H, Take Y, Ikoma S, Namikawa S, Fujii Y. Reference intervals for echocardiographic measurements in healthy Chihuahua dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:754-759. [PMID: 35444075 PMCID: PMC9246697 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chihuahuas are one of the most common small breed dogs in Japan, and this breed is known
to be predisposed to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Echocardiographic assessment
is essential for definitive diagnosis of MMVD in dogs as well as determining the stage.
Because the Chihuahua’s body size is the smallest among the dog breeds and the widely used
echocardiographic reference range is established on the basis of larger dogs, it is
unclear whether the existing reference range can be applied to the Chihuahua breed as
well. Therefore, this study aimed to determine an echocardiographic reference range for
Chihuahua dogs. The left atrial short-axis diameter (LA), aortic valve short-axis
diameter, interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole, left ventricular internal
dimension at end-diastole (LVIDd), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at
end-diastole from 47 healthy Chihuahuas were analyzed. These parameters increased
logarithmically as body weight increased. Furthermore, LA and LVIDd were within the
previously established reference range generated primarily from multiple breeds of
moderate to large breed dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Niimi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | | | - Yukika Take
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Shiori Ikoma
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Saki Namikawa
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Yoko Fujii
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
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Belyi DO, Ilyenko I, Nastina O, Sydorenko G, Gabulavichene Z, Kursina N, Bazyka O, Bilaya V, Kovaliov O, Bazyka D. RELATIVE TELOMERE LENGTH OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES AND STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE MYOCARDIUM IN CLEAN-UP WORKERS OF THE CHORNOBYL ACCIDENT WHO SUFFERED FROM STENOTIC CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS. PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2021; 26:319-338. [PMID: 34965558 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2021-26-319-338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective was to analyze the relative telomere length (RTL) of peripheral blood lymphocytes depending onmyocardium structural and functional state in emergency workers (EW) of the Chornobyl accident who suffered fromcoronary arteries stenotic atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were examined 60 male EW who operated at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant at1986 and 25 male non-irradiated persons (control group - CG) with coronary heart disease (CHD). Everyone EW andCG patients were almost healthy before the accident. During the period 2016-2021, they underwent a comprehen-sive clinical and laboratory examination, echodopplercardiographic examination and determination of RTL by fluo-rescent hybridization in situ using laser flow cytometry. RESULTS EW almost did not differ from CG according to its clinical characteristics, the presence of risk factors,indices of systolic and diastolic heart functions, as well as RTL. The analysis of variance showed that RTL was influ-enced by the fact of irradiation in combination with obesity (p = 0.020). At normal body weight, RTL average valuein CG was significantly higher than in EW (p = 0.023). According to the results of hierarchical cluster analysis of twovariables as RTL and end-diastolic volume normalized by body surface area (EDV/BSA), EW and CG patients togeth-er were divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup (1st cluster) differed from the second (2nd cluster) by signi-ficantly larger average values of left ventricle (LV) EDV and end-systolic volume (ESV) as well as EDV/BSA andESV/BSA, LV myocardial mass (MM) and MM/BSA, reduced ejection fraction (EF). In patients of the 1st cluster telom-eres were significantly shorter than in the 2nd one (10,3 ± 1.7 vs. 14.3 ± 2.0 at p = 0.000). The increase of myocar-dial mass and LV wall thickness caused the development of its hypertrophy. The number of people with hypertrophyLV was significantly higher among patients of the 1st cluster (91.6 vs. 67.2 %, p < 0.001) due to eccentric hypertro-phy LV. Accordingly, concentric hypertrophy LV was more common among patients in the 2nd cluster (24.6 vs. 4.2 %at p < 0.01). Patients of the 1st cluster was characterized by a more severe course of heart failure. CONCLUSIONS In patients who suffered from CHD with stenotic atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and wereexposed to radiation 30-35 years earlier, having normal body weight, there was a reduction in telomere. Hierarchicalcluster analysis proved to be a good tool that allows by the value of RTL and EDV/BSA to separate the group ofpatients with the most severe clinical course of CHD and LV systolic dysfunction among patients with the samepathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Belyi
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - I Ilyenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O Nastina
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - G Sydorenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Z Gabulavichene
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N Kursina
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O Bazyka
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - V Bilaya
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O Kovaliov
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - D Bazyka
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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Patata V, Vezzosi T, Marchesotti F, Domenech O. Echocardiographic parameters in 50 healthy English bulldogs: preliminary reference intervals. J Vet Cardiol 2021; 36:55-63. [PMID: 34111807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to provide echocardiographic reference intervals for English bulldogs (EBs) and to assess if age, sex, body weight (BW), and heart rate have an influence on echocardiographic variables. ANIMALS We prospectively enrolled client-owned EBs that were considered healthy based on unremarkable history, normal physical examination, six-lead electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Breed-related reference intervals were provided, and associations between age, sex, BW, and heart rate and echocardiographic variables were tested using a multivariate analysis. Allometric scales were generated for echocardiographic variables showing correlation with BW. Moreover, echocardiographic variables obtained in our population of EBs and previous published reference ranges were compared. RESULTS Echocardiographic reference intervals were generated from 50 healthy adult EBs. As per the multivariate analysis, left atrial diameter (p = 0.015), left ventricular internal end diastolic diameter (p = 0.002), aortic valve annulus (p = 0.032), and pulmonary valve annulus (p = 0.017) resulted influenced by BW, and reference intervals were generated using allometric scales. Our study suggests that EBs tend to have a smaller aortic root and sphericity index than other breeds. In addition, EBs seem to have smaller indexed left ventricular volumes and higher left ventricular ejection fraction than boxers and Doberman. CONCLUSION Preliminary reference intervals in the EBs are reported, which might be helpful for accurate echocardiographic interpretation and screening purposes in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Patata
- Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, 28060, Italy
| | - T Vezzosi
- Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, 28060, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, Pisa, 56122, Italy.
| | - F Marchesotti
- Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, 28060, Italy
| | - O Domenech
- Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, 28060, Italy
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Banus J, Lorenzi M, Camara O, Sermesant M. Biophysics-based statistical learning: Application to heart and brain interactions. Med Image Anal 2021; 72:102089. [PMID: 34020082 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Initiatives such as the UK Biobank provide joint cardiac and brain imaging information for thousands of individuals, representing a unique opportunity to study the relationship between heart and brain. Most of research on large multimodal databases has been focusing on studying the associations among the available measurements by means of univariate and multivariate association models. However, these approaches do not provide insights about the underlying mechanisms and are often hampered by the lack of prior knowledge on the physiological relationships between measurements. For instance, important indices of the cardiovascular function, such as cardiac contractility, cannot be measured in-vivo. While these non-observable parameters can be estimated by means of biophysical models, their personalisation is generally an ill-posed problem, often lacking critical data and only applied to small datasets. Therefore, to jointly study brain and heart, we propose an approach in which the parameter personalisation of a lumped cardiovascular model is constrained by the statistical relationships observed between model parameters and brain-volumetric indices extracted from imaging, i.e. ventricles or white matter hyperintensities volumes, and clinical information such as age or body surface area. We explored the plausibility of the learnt relationships by inferring the model parameters conditioned on the absence of part of the target clinical features, applying this framework in a cohort of more than 3 000 subjects and in a pathological subgroup of 59 subjects diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Our results demonstrate the impact of such external features in the cardiovascular model personalisation by learning more informative parameter-space constraints. Moreover, physiologically plausible mechanisms are captured through these personalised models as well as significant differences associated to specific clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Banus
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, Epione Project-Team, France.
| | - Marco Lorenzi
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, Epione Project-Team, France
| | - Oscar Camara
- PhySense group, BCN-MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maxime Sermesant
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, Epione Project-Team, France
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7
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Nerlekar N, Thakur U, Lin A, Koh JQS, Potter E, Liu D, Muthalaly RG, Rashid HN, Cameron JD, Dey D, Wong DTL. The Natural history of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume and Attenuation: A long-term prospective cohort follow-up study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7109. [PMID: 32346001 PMCID: PMC7188860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with cardiovascular risk. The longitudinal change in EAT volume (EATv) and density (EATd), and potential modulators of these parameters, has not been described. We prospectively recruited 90 patients with non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis on baseline computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) performed for suspected coronary artery disease to undergo a repeat research CTCA. EATv in millilitres (mL) and EATd in Hounsfield units (HU) were analysed and multivariable regression analysis controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) performed to assess for any predictors of change. Secondary analysis was performed based on statin therapy. The median duration between CTCA was 4.3years. Mean EATv increased at follow-up (72 ± 33 mL to 89 ± 43 mL, p < 0.001) and mean EATd decreased (baseline −76 ± 6 HU vs. −86 ± 5 HU, p < 0.001). There were no associations between baseline variables of body mass index, age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes or smoking on change in EATv or EATd. No difference in baseline, follow-up or delta EATv or EATd was seen in patients with (60%) or without baseline statin therapy. In this select group of patients, EATv consistently increased and EATd consistently decreased at long-term follow-up and these changes were independent of CVRF, age and statin use. Together with the knowledge of strong associations between EAT and cardiac disease, these findings may suggest that EAT is an independent parameter rather than a surrogate for cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Nerlekar
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Udit Thakur
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Lin
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ji Quan Samuel Koh
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Potter
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Liu
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rahul G Muthalaly
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hashrul N Rashid
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James D Cameron
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damini Dey
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis T L Wong
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Khaltourina D, Matveyev Y, Alekseev A, Cortese F, Ioviţă A. Aging Fits the Disease Criteria of the International Classification of Diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111230. [PMID: 32251691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The disease criteria used by the World Health Organization (WHO) were applied to human biological aging in order to assess whether aging can be classified as a disease. These criteria were developed for the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and included disease diagnostics, mechanisms, course and outcomes, known interventions, and linkage to genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS: Biological aging can be diagnosed with frailty indices, functional, blood-based biomarkers. A number of major causal mechanisms of human aging involved in various organs have been described, such as inflammation, replicative cellular senescence, immune senescence, proteostasis failures, mitochondrial dysfunctions, fibrotic propensity, hormonal aging, body composition changes, etc. We identified a number of clinically proven interventions, as well as genetic and environmental factors of aging. Therefore, aging fits the ICD-11 criteria and can be considered a disease. Our proposal was submitted to the ICD-11 Joint Task force, and this led to the inclusion of the extension code for "Ageing-related" (XT9T) into the "Causality" section of the ICD-11. This might lead to greater focus on biological aging in global health policy and might provide for more opportunities for the new therapy developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Khaltourina
- Department of Risk Factor Prevention, Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dobrolyubova St. 11, Moscow, 127254, Russia; International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France.
| | - Yuri Matveyev
- Research Lab, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Schepkina St. 61/2 k.1, Moscow, 129110, Russia
| | - Aleksey Alekseev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, Apt 2354 Chynoweth House, Trevissome Park, Truro, London, TR4 8UN, UK
| | - Anca Ioviţă
- International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France
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Sarcomeric Gene Variants and Their Role with Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Background of Coronary Artery Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030442. [PMID: 32178433 PMCID: PMC7175236 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in developing countries, generally originating as coronary artery disease (CAD) or hypertension. In later stages, many CAD patients develop left ventricle dysfunction (LVD). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the most prevalent prognostic factor in CAD patients. LVD is a complex multifactorial condition in which the left ventricle of the heart becomes functionally impaired. Various genetic studies have correlated LVD with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In recent years, enormous progress has been made in identifying the genetic causes of cardiac diseases, which has further led to a greater understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying each disease. This progress has increased the probability of establishing a specific genetic diagnosis, and thus providing new opportunities for practitioners, patients, and families to utilize this genetic information. A large number of mutations in sarcomeric genes have been discovered in cardiomyopathies. In this review, we will explore the role of the sarcomeric genes in LVD in CAD patients, which is a major cause of cardiac failure and results in heart failure.
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10
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Almeida RDCMD, Jorge AJL, Rosa MLG, Leite AR, Correia DMS, Mesquita ET, Chermont S, Lugon JR, Martins WDA. Left Ventricular Remodeling Patterns in Primary Healthcare. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 114:59-65. [PMID: 32049171 PMCID: PMC7025300 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20180258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Left ventricular remodeling (LVR) is related to both non-fatal and fatal outcomes. Objective To describe the geometric patterns of the LV and their associations. Methods A total of 636 individuals between the ages of 45 and 99 years in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were submitted to clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, and tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE). The difference between categories was tested with Kruskall-Wallis with post hoc tests, once all variables studied are non-normally distributed and Pearson’s Qui-square (categorical variables). Gross and adjusted ORs were estimated by logistic regression. The level of significance was 5% for all tests. Subjects had LVR characterized as: normal geometry (NG), concentric remodeling (CR), concentric hypertrophy (CH), and eccentric hypertrophy (EH). Results The prevalence of altered patterns was 33%. Subjects presented NG (n = 423; 67%); EH (n = 186; 29%); CH (n = 14; 2%); and CR (n = 13; 2%). The variables of gender, age, level of education and albumin/creatinine ratio (A/C), showed a relationship with the chance of EH even after adjustment. Conclusion Approximately one third of the studied individuals had LVR and were at risk for developing heart failure. Altered A/C in urine was associated with EH, indicating an early relationship between cardiac and renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio José Lagoeiro Jorge
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Garcia Rosa
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Adson Renato Leite
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Dayse Mary S Correia
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Evandro Tinoco Mesquita
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Sergio Chermont
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Jocemir Ronaldo Lugon
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Wolney de Andrade Martins
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ - Brazil
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Zhang Z, Ma Q, Cao L, Zhao Z, Zhao J, Lu Q, Zeng L, Zhang M, Pohost GM, Li K. Correlation between left ventricular myocardial strain and left ventricular geometry in healthy adults: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance-feature tracking study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 35:2057-2065. [PMID: 31402413 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-019-01644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the correlation between left ventricular (LV) myocardial strain and LV geometry in healthy adults using cardiovascular magnetic resonance-feature tracking (CMR-FT). 124 gender-matched healthy adults who underwent healthy checkup using CMR cine imaging were retrospectively analyzed. Peak global radial, circumferential, longitudinal strain (GRS, GCS and GLS) for left ventricle were measured. LV geometry was assessed by the ratio of LV mass (LVM) and end-diastolic volume (EDV). GRS, GCS and GLS were 34.18 ± 6.71%, - 22.17 ± 2.28%, - 14.76 ± 2.39% for men, and 33.40 ± 6.95%, - 22.49 ± 2.27%, - 15.72 ± 2.36% for women. Multiple linear regression showed that LVM/EDV was associated with decreased GLS (β = - 0.297, p = 0.005), but was not significantly associated with GRS and GCS (both p > 0.05). There was an increase in the magnitude of GRS, GCS and GLS with advancing age (β = 0.254, β = 0.466 and β = 0.313, all p < 0.05). Greater BMI was associated with decreased GRS, GCS and GLS (β = - 0.232, β = - 0. 249 and β = - 0.279, all p < 0.05). In conclusion, compared with GRS and GCS, GLS is more sensitive to assess LV concentric remodeling in healthy adults. GRS, GCS and GLS are all independently positively associated with age and negatively associated with BMI. Sex-based LV strain reference values for healthy Chinese adults are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qiaozhi Ma
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, the Third Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Cao
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Xiamen Zhouxin Medical Imaging Diagnostic Centre, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Xiamen Zhouxin Medical Imaging Diagnostic Centre, Xiamen, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Xiamen Zhouxin Medical Imaging Diagnostic Centre, Xiamen, China
| | - Linan Zeng
- Xiamen Zhouxin Medical Imaging Diagnostic Centre, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Xiamen Zhouxin Medical Imaging Diagnostic Centre, Xiamen, China
| | - Gerald M Pohost
- Xiamen Zhouxin Medical Imaging Diagnostic Centre, Xiamen, China.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Xiamen Zhouxin Medical Imaging Diagnostic Centre, Xiamen, China.
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12
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Simsek B, Yanar K, Kansu AD, Belce A, Aydin S, Çakatay U. Caloric restriction improves the redox homeostasis in the aging male rat heart even when started in middle-adulthood and when the body weight is stable. Biogerontology 2018; 20:127-140. [PMID: 30374677 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that maintenance of redox homeostasis is fundamental for cellular longevity. Caloric-restriction (CR) is said to decrease the formation of oxidatively modified cellular macromolecules and improve health. On the other hand, some studies indicate that many CR studies are flawed, because ad libitum fed rats are not well-controlled. Thus, it is claimed that purported beneficial effects of CR could be not due to real CR effect, but due to control animals going obese. Also, it remains to be elucidated whether effects of CR could be observed even when CR is started in mid-adulthood. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped as: non-CR 6-month-old rats (n = 7), 24-month-old rats subjected to 40% CR for 6 months between 18th and 24th months (n = 8), and non-CR 24-month-old animals (n = 8). We investigated 16 previously validated biomarkers of macromolecular redox homeostasis, ranging from protein and lipid oxidation to glycation and antioxidative capacity. In the present study, the protein, lipid and antioxidant capacity redox homeostasis biomarkers overwhelmingly indicate that, CR, even though not started very early in adulthood, could still offer potential therapeutic effects and it could significantly improve various redox homeostasis biomarkers associated with disease reliably in the heart tissue of aging male Sprague-Dawley rats. Therefore, the effects of CR likely operate through similar mechanisms throughout adulthood and CR seems to have real ameliorative effects on organisms that are not due to confounding factors that come from ad libitum fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Simsek
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Yanar
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A D Kansu
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Belce
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Aydin
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - U Çakatay
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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13
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Maeda T, Horiuchi T, Makino N. Epigenetic status of subtelomere of peripheral leukocytes corresponds to cardiographic parameters with a sex association. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18:1415-1419. [PMID: 29978589 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The telomere length of somatic cells is associated with systemic aging. The attrition of somatic telomere length is accelerated in pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases. However, clinical parameters of cardiac function have not been well studied in this regard. The present study examined how cardiac function was affected by telomere length and the subtelomeric methylation of peripheral leukocytes. METHODS Telomere length was assessed by Southern blotting analysis of genomic DNA extracted from peripheral leukocytes. Subtelomeric methylation was assessed by comparison between the Southern blotting results with a restriction enzyme Msp I and those with Hpa II, a methylation-sensitive isoschizomer of Msp I. RESULTS The following parameters were associated with telomere length and/or the subtelomeric methylation status in a sex-associated manner: PR interval, the voltage of QRS complex, QRS interval, QT interval and T wave voltage in electrocardiogram; and ejection fraction, the diameter of the left ventricle at the end diastolic phase, aortic root diameter and inferior vena cava diameter in echocardiogram. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac function correlates not only with telomere length, but also with the distribution of the telomere length and subtelomeric DNA methylation status. These imply that the loss of young cells, the accumulation of old cells and the acceleration of such changes in the cell population relate to phenotypes of cardiac aging with relative sex specificity. Furthermore, the PR interval showed a very close association with telomeric parameters in both sexes. Hence, PR is the most reliable candidate as an indicator of biological aging in both sexes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1415-1419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Takahiko Horiuchi
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Naoki Makino
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
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14
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Childs BG, Li H, van Deursen JM. Senescent cells: a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1217-1228. [PMID: 29608141 DOI: 10.1172/jci95146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a major tumor-suppressive cell fate, has emerged from humble beginnings as an in vitro phenomenon into recognition as a fundamental mechanism of aging. In the process, senescent cells have attracted attention as a therapeutic target for age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Given the aging global population and the inadequacy of current medical management, attenuating the health care burden of CVD would be transformative to clinical practice. Here, we review the evidence that cellular senescence drives CVD in a bimodal fashion by both priming the aged cardiovascular system for disease and driving established disease forward. Hence, the growing field of senotherapy (neutralizing senescent cells for therapeutic benefit) is poised to contribute to both prevention and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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15
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Prevalence and correlates of new-onset left ventricular geometric abnormalities in a general population: the PAMELA study. J Hypertens 2017; 34:1423-31. [PMID: 27136313 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM We sought to evaluate new-onset abnormal LV (left ventricle) patterns and their correlates over a 10-year period in members of the general population enrolled in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni study. METHODS The study included 817 patients with normal LV geometry at baseline evaluation having a readable echocardiogram at the end of follow-up. Cut-points for abnormal LV geometric patterns were derived from reference values of the healthy fraction of the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni population. RESULTS Over a 10-year period 39% of participants progressed to abnormal LV geometric patterns as follows: LV concentric remodelling (15.2%), eccentric dilated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (8.4%), concentric LVH (7.9%), eccentric nondilated LVH (6.8%), and concentric dilated LVH (0.7%). Age [odds ratio (OR): 1.039; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.023-1.056, P < 0.0001], LV mass index (OR: 1.039; 95% CI 1.026-1.052, P < 0.0001), night-time SBP (OR: 1.024; 95% CI 1.005-1.043, P = 0.01), office SBP changes during follow-up (OR: 1.017 95% CI 1.007-1028, P = 0.001), and BMI (OR: 1.067; 95% CI 1.017-1.120, P = 0.009) emerged as key correlates of new-onset abnormal LV geometry. Age and LV mass index turned out to be strong determinants of all sub-types of LVH; whereas blood pressure, BMI, and sex exhibited a different predictive value across the various LV geometric patterns. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first evidence that long-term changes from normal cardiac morphology toward abnormal LV geometry represent a clinically relevant phenomenon at the community level. From a practical perspective this finding reinforces the concept that life-style changes and pharmacologic treatment aimed to reduce over-weight/obesity and optimize blood pressure are of paramount importance for prevention of subclinical cardiac damage.
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16
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Liu CY, Lai S, Kawel-Boehm N, Chahal H, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Lima JAC, Bluemke DA. Healthy aging of the left ventricle in relationship to cardiovascular risk factors: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640873 PMCID: PMC5481019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the relationship of cardiovascular structure and function to age is confounded by the high prevalence of traditional risk factors in the United States. The purpose of the study is to compare left ventricular (LV) and aortic structural, and functional parameters in individuals with and without traditional risk factors in a population-based cohort. Methods and results 3015 study participants (48% men, age 55–94, mean 69.01±9.17 years) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging from 2010–2012. Absence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (no hypertension, diabetes or impaired fasting glucose, obesity, smoking or hypercholesterolemia) was infrequent, occurring in just 314 (10.4%, 38% men) of 3015 participants. In multivariable analyses adjusting for age, sex and race, individuals with CV risk factors had significantly larger LV mass index (by 17%) and lower LV contractibility (circumference strain, lower by 14%). Indexed LV volumes and stroke volume were inversely associated with age, but such relationships were not statistically significant in risk-free male subjects (p>0.05). Men with CV risk factors showed positive association of CMR T1 indices of myocardial fibrosis with age. Aortic function was similar in individuals with and without risk factors; age was associated with decline of aortic function in both CV and no CV risk factor groups. Conclusion Our results support that LV structure and function are better preserved in senescent hearts in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and such protection is more prominent in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Liu
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shenghan Lai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nadine Kawel-Boehm
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Kantonsspital Graubuenden, Clinic of Radiology, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Harjit Chahal
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Joao A. C. Lima
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Steenman M, Lande G. Cardiac aging and heart disease in humans. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:131-137. [PMID: 28510085 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The world population continues to grow older rapidly, mostly because of declining fertility and increasing longevity. Since age represents the largest risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the prevalence of these pathologies increases dramatically with increasing age. In order to improve patient care and prevention for age-related cardiac diseases, insight should be gained from the analysis of processes involved in and leading to cardiac aging. It is from this perspective that we provide here an overview of changes associated with age in the heart on four levels: functional, structural, cellular and molecular. We highlight those changes that are in common with the development of the two major age-associated cardiac pathologies: heart failure and atrial fibrillation. These commonly affected processes in aging and cardiac pathophysiology may provide an explanation for the age risk factor in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Steenman
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Gilles Lande
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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18
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Zhou Y, Jelinek H, Hambly BD, McLachlan CS. Electrocardiogram QRS duration and associations with telomere length: A cross-sectional analysis in Australian rural diabetic and non-diabetic population. J Electrocardiol 2017; 50:450-456. [PMID: 28249683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged electrocardiogram QRS durations are often present in aging populations. Shorter telomere length is considered a biomarker of cellular aging. Decreased telomere length has been associated with coronary artery risk, and ventricular remodeling. However, the association between telomeres and cardiac conduction abnormalities, such as increased QRS duration are not well understood. A retrospective cross-sectional population was obtained from the CSU Diabetes Screening Research Initiative database where 273 participants had both ECG-derived QRS duration and DNA to permit leukocyte telomere length (LTL) determination. Telomere length was determined using the monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method to measure mean relative LTL. Resting 12-lead electrocardiograms were obtained from each subject using a Welch Allyn PC-Based ECG system. Relative LTL was moderately negatively associated with QRS duration in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (R2=0.055), compared to controls (R2=0.010). In general linear models with no adjustments a significant interaction between QRS duration and LTL is observed for a combined population of T2DM and non-diabetics. When we compared T2DM to non-diabetics, we found that T2DM increased the effect size for relative LTL on QRS duration in comparison to controls. Hence, for each 0.1 unit of relative LTL attrition, QRS duration in T2DM patients increased by 3.24ms (95% CI, -63.00 to -1.84), compared to 1.65ms in controls (95% CI, -40.44 to 7.40). In summary we have observed an association between LTL in a rural aging mixed population of T2DM and non-diabetes. We have observed an unadjusted association between QRS duration and LTL in T2DM. We noted that the control group demonstrated no such association. This highlights the complexity of T2DM when exploring disease phenotype-telomere interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhou
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Herbert Jelinek
- School of Community Health Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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19
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Urfer SR, Kaeberlein TL, Mailheau S, Bergman PJ, Creevy KE, Promislow DEL, Kaeberlein M. Asymptomatic heart valve dysfunction in healthy middle-aged companion dogs and its implications for cardiac aging. GeroScience 2017; 39:43-50. [PMID: 28299636 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the USA, accounting for about one in every four deaths. Age is the greatest risk factor for heart disease in both people and dogs; however, heart disease is generally not considered as a major cause of morbidity or mortality in dogs. As part of the preliminary selection process for a veterinary clinical trial, 40 companion dogs with no history of cardiac pathology that were at least 6 years old and weighed at least 18 kg underwent a cardiac screening using Doppler echocardiography. Eleven dogs from this cohort were diagnosed with valvular regurgitation by echocardiography, and seven of these cases were of sufficient severity to warrant exclusion from the clinical trial. In only one case was a heart murmur detected by auscultation. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in the dogs with moderate to severe valvular regurgitation compared to the rest of the cohort. These observations suggest that asymptomatic degenerative valvular disease detectable by echocardiography, but not by a standard veterinary exam including auscultation, may be present in a significant fraction of middle-aged companion dogs, indicating a previously underappreciated similarity between human and canine aging. Further, these data suggest that companion dogs may be a particularly useful animal model for understanding mechanisms of age-related degenerative valve disease and for developing and testing interventions to ameliorate cardiac disease. Future studies should address whether dogs with asymptomatic valve disease are at higher risk for subsequent morbidity or early death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvan R Urfer
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Dog Aging Project, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tammi L Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Dog Aging Project, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Kate E Creevy
- Dog Aging Project, Seattle, WA, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Dog Aging Project, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Dog Aging Project, Seattle, WA, USA.
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20
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Association between cystatin C and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in elderly Chinese patients. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 51:92-97. [PMID: 27206415 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-016-1058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 50 % of patients with heart failure have a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Cystatin C has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular events. This study was carried out to investigate whether cystatin C is associated with cardiac function and cardiac diastolic properties in elderly Chinese HFpEF patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 381 elderly Chinese HFpEF patients (81 women, average age 82 ± 6 years) was conducted. Serum concentrations of cystatin C and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification were assessed and early (E) to late (A) transmitral flow velocity ratios (E/A ratio) were measured to assess cardiac diastolic properties. RESULTS Cystatin C levels, N‑terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and age were significantly correlated to the NYHA class (r = 0.605 P < 0.001, r = 0.333 P < 0.001 and r = 0.254 P < 0.001, respectively). Cystatin C levels, age and body mass index (BMI) were negatively correlated to the E/A ratio (r = -0.224 P = 0.005, r = -0.258 P = 0.001 and r = -0.258 P = 0.003, respectively). The patients with cystatin C concentrations below 1.3 mg/l had a higher E/A ratio compared to those with cystatin C concentrations higher than 1.3 mg/l. Cystatin C was also significantly associated with both the NYHA classification and the E/A ratio even after adjustment for the creatinine clearance rate (CCr). CONCLUSION Both cystatin C and NT-proBNP were found to be correlated to the NYHA classification. Independent of renal function, higher serum concentrations of cystatin C were associated with a worse NYHA classification and abnormal cardiac diastolic properties in elderly Chinese HFpEF patients.
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