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Gray JM, Major K, Castillo-Ruiz A, Shipley M, Gangappa S, Forger NG. The inflammatory response to birth requires MyD88 and is driven by both mother and offspring. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:617-630. [PMID: 37967662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Birth is an inflammatory event for the newborn, characterized by elevations in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α peripherally and/or centrally, as well as changes in brain microglia. However, the mechanism(s) underlying these responses is unknown. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in innate immunity and initiate inflammatory cascades upon recognition of endogenous or exogenous antigens. Most TLR signaling depends on the adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88). We independently varied MyD88 gene status in mouse dams and their offspring to determine whether the inflammatory response to birth depends on MyD88 signaling and, if so, whether that signaling occurs in the offspring, the mother, or both. We find that the perinatal surges in plasma IL-6 and brain expression of TNF-α depend solely on MyD88 gene status of the offspring, whereas postnatal increases in plasma IL-10 and TNF-α depend on MyD88 in both the pup and dam. Interestingly, MyD88 genotype of the dam primarily drives differences in offspring brain microglial density and has robust effects on developmental neuronal cell death. Milk cytokines were evaluated as a possible source of postnatal maternal influence; although we found high levels of CXCL1/GROα and several other cytokines in ingested post-partum milk, their presence did not require MyD88. Thus, the inflammatory response previously described in the late-term fetus and newborn depends on MyD88 (and, by extension, TLRs), with signaling in both the dam and offspring contributing. Unexpectedly, naturally-occuring neuronal cell death in the newborn is modulated primarily by maternal MyD88 gene status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Gray
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Kharli Major
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - Michael Shipley
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Nancy G Forger
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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2
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Ikeda Y, Nagase N, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Neuroprotection by dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs via the modulation of AKT-signaling pathway in Alzheimer’s disease. World J Biol Chem 2021; 12:104-113. [PMID: 34904048 PMCID: PMC8637616 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v12.i6.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common reason for progressive dementia in the elderly. It has been shown that disorders of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways are related to the AD. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for the cognitive dysfunction. The pathogenesis of the neuronal impairment caused by diabetic hyperglycemia is intricate, which contains neuro-inflammation and/or neurodegeneration and dementia. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) is interesting as a possible link between metabolism and brain impairment. Modulation of GLP1 activity can influence amyloid-beta peptide aggregation via the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in AD. The GLP1 receptor agonists have been shown to have favorable actions on the brain such as the improvement of neurological deficit. They might also exert a beneficial effect with refining learning and memory on the cognitive impairment induced by diabetes. Recent experimental and clinical evidence indicates that dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, being currently used for DM therapy, may also be effective for AD treatment. The DPP-4 inhibitors have demonstrated neuroprotection and cognitive improvements in animal models. Although further studies for mTOR, GLP1, and DPP4 signaling pathways in humans would be intensively required, they seem to be a promising approach for innovative AD-treatments. We would like to review the characteristics of AD pathogenesis, the key roles of mTOR in AD and the preventive and/ or therapeutic suggestions of directing the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ikeda
- Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nagase
- Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ai Tsuji
- Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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3
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Lorenzen K, Mathy NW, Whiteford ER, Eischeid A, Chen J, Behrens M, Chen XM, Shibata A. Microglia induce neurogenic protein expression in primary cortical cells by stimulating PI3K/AKT intracellular signaling in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:563-584. [PMID: 33387198 PMCID: PMC7884585 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that microglia can support neurogenesis. Little is known about the mechanisms by which microglia regulate the cortical environment and stimulate cortical neurogenesis. We used an in vitro co-culture model system to investigate the hypothesis that microglia respond to soluble signals from cortical cells, particularly following mechanical injury, to alter the cortical environment and promote cortical cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Analyses of cortical cell proliferation, cell death, neurogenic protein expression, and intracellular signaling were performed on uninjured and injured cortical cells in co-culture with microglial cell lines. Microglia soluble cues enhanced cortical cell viability and proliferation cortical cells. Co-culture of injured cortical cells with microglia significantly reduced cell death of cortical cells. Microglial co-culture significantly increased Nestin + and α-internexin + cortical cells. Multiplex ELISA and RT-PCR showed decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production by microglia co-cultured with injured cortical cells. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation in cortical cells blocked microglial-enhanced cortical cell viability and expression of neurogenic markers in vitro. This in vitro model system allows for assessment of the effect of microglial-derived soluble signals on cortical cell viability, proliferation, and stages of differentiation during homeostasis or following mechanical injury. These data suggest that microglia cells can downregulate inflammatory cytokine production following activation by mechanical injury to enhance proliferation of new cells capable of neurogenesis via activation of AKT intracellular signaling. Increasing our understanding of the mechanisms that drive microglial-enhanced cortical neurogenesis during homeostasis and following injury in vitro will provide useful information for future primary cell and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Lorenzen
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicholas W Mathy
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- Pediatric Medicine, St. Joseph Heritage Healthcare, Chino Hills, CA, USA
| | - Erin R Whiteford
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- Pediatric Medicine, St. Joseph Heritage Healthcare, Chino Hills, CA, USA
| | - Alex Eischeid
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- Pediatric Medicine, St. Joseph Heritage Healthcare, Chino Hills, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Behrens
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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4
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Chung D, Shum A, Caraveo G. GAP-43 and BASP1 in Axon Regeneration: Implications for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567537. [PMID: 33015061 PMCID: PMC7494789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) regulate actin dynamics and presynaptic vesicle cycling at axon terminals, thereby facilitating axonal growth, regeneration, and plasticity. These functions highly depend on changes in GAP-43 and BASP1 expression levels and post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. Interestingly, examinations of GAP-43 and BASP1 in neurodegenerative diseases reveal alterations in their expression and phosphorylation profiles. This review provides an overview of the structural properties, regulations, and functions of GAP-43 and BASP1, highlighting their involvement in neural injury response and regeneration. By discussing GAP-43 and BASP1 in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, we also explore the therapeutic potential of modulating their activities to compensate for neuron loss in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daayun Chung
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Shum
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gabriela Caraveo
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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5
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Chen H, Lin W, Lin P, Zheng M, Lai Y, Chen M, Zhang Y, Chen J, Lin X, Lin L, Lan Q, Yuan Q, Chen R, Jiang X, Xiao Y, Liu N. IL-10 produces a dual effect on OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis of cultured cortical neurons via the NF-κB pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10796-10813. [PMID: 31801113 PMCID: PMC6932931 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a classic immunoregulatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) can provide in vivo and in vitro neuroprotection respectively during cerebral ischemia and after the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury. However, its role in cortical neuronal survival at different post-ischemic phases remains unclear. The current study found that IL-10 had distinct effects on the neuronal apoptosis at different OGD stages: at an early stage after OGD, IL-10 promoted the OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis in the cultured primary cortical neurons by activating p65 subunit, which up-regulated Bax expression and down-regulated Bcl-xL expression; at a late OGD stage, however, it attenuated the OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis by activating c-Rel, which up-regulated Bcl-xL expression and down-regulated Bax expression. The early-stage pro-apoptosis and late-stage anti-apoptosis were both partly abolished by PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor, and promoted by PMA, an NF-κB activator. The optimal anti-apoptotic effect appeared when the cultured neurons were treated with IL-10 at 9-24 h after OGD. Taken together, our findings suggest that IL-10 exerts a dual effect on the survival of the cultured neurons by activating the NF-κB pathway at different stages after OGD injury and that PMA treatment at a late stage can facilitate the IL-10-conferred neuroprotection against OGD-induced neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiqiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mouwei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongxing Lai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Manli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yixian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longzai Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Quan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qilin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhong Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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6
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Maiti P, Peruzzaro S, Kolli N, Andrews M, Al‐Gharaibeh A, Rossignol J, Dunbar GL. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing interleukin-10 induces autophagy response and promotes neuroprotection in a rat model of TBI. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5211-5224. [PMID: 31162801 PMCID: PMC6653779 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, including mitophagy, is critical for neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provides neuroprotection and induces autophagy by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10). To evaluate these effects of IL10 that are released by MSCs, we genetically engineered MSCs to overexpress IL10 and compared their effects to unaltered MSCs following transplantation near the site of induced TBIs in rats. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham + vehicle, TBI + vehicle, TBI + MSCs-IL-10 and TBI + MSCs-GFP. Thirty-six hours post-TBI, the first two groups received vehicle (Hanks balance salt solution), whereas last two groups were transplanted with MSCs-IL-10 or MSCs-GFP. Three weeks after transplantation, biomarkers for neurodegenerative changes, autophagy, mitophagy, cell death and survival markers were measured. We observed a significant increase in the number of dead cells in the cortex and hippocampus in TBI rats, whereas transplantation of MSCs-IL-10 significantly reduced their numbers in comparison to MSCs alone. MSCs-IL-10 rats had increased autophagy, mitophagy and cell survival markers, along with decreased markers for cell death and neuroinflammation. These results suggest that transplantation of MSCs-IL-10 may be an effective strategy to protect against TBI-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchanan Maiti
- Field Neurosciences Institute of Laboratory for Restorative NeurologyCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- Program in NeuroscienceCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- Department of PsychologyCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- Field Neurosciences InstituteSt. Mary’s of MichiganSaginawMichigan
- Department of BiologySaginaw Valley State UniversitySaginawMichigan
- Brain Research LaboratorySaginaw Valley State UniversitySaginawMichigan
| | - Sarah Peruzzaro
- Field Neurosciences Institute of Laboratory for Restorative NeurologyCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- Program in NeuroscienceCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
| | - Nivya Kolli
- Field Neurosciences Institute of Laboratory for Restorative NeurologyCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- Program in NeuroscienceCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
| | - Melissa Andrews
- Field Neurosciences Institute of Laboratory for Restorative NeurologyCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- Program in NeuroscienceCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
| | - Abeer Al‐Gharaibeh
- Field Neurosciences Institute of Laboratory for Restorative NeurologyCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- Program in NeuroscienceCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
| | - Julien Rossignol
- Field Neurosciences Institute of Laboratory for Restorative NeurologyCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- Program in NeuroscienceCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- College of MedicineCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
| | - Gary L. Dunbar
- Field Neurosciences Institute of Laboratory for Restorative NeurologyCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- Program in NeuroscienceCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- Department of PsychologyCentral Michigan UniversityMt. PleasantMichigan
- Field Neurosciences InstituteSt. Mary’s of MichiganSaginawMichigan
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7
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Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Barrier Disruption at the Human Blood–Brain Barrier is Partially Mediated Through the HIF-1 Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:414-431. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Chen J, Du H, Zhang Y, Chen H, Zheng M, Lin P, Lan Q, Yuan Q, Lai Y, Pan X, Chen R, Liu N. Netrin-1 Prevents Rat Primary Cortical Neurons from Apoptosis via the DCC/ERK Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:387. [PMID: 29321724 PMCID: PMC5733550 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nervous system, Netrin-1 serves as a neural guide, mediating the neuronal development. However, it remains blurred whether Netrin-1 can protect neurons from apoptosis induced by cerebral stroke. In the current study, the cultured rat primary cortical neurons were transfected with Netrin-1-encoding lentivirus before the oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) treatment. Cell death and apoptosis were evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and flow cytometry. We found that Netrin-1 attenuated OGD-induced cell death and neuronal apoptosis at 24 h after OGD treatment, and that the overexpression of Netrin-1 activated the ERK signaling pathway. These effects were partly abolished by blocking its receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) or U0126, an inhibitor of the ERK signaling pathway. Netrin-1 overexpression in neurons elevated the expression of DCC, on mRNA level and protein level. Netrin-1 also reduced DNA damage. Taken together, our findings suggest that Netrin-1 attenuates cell death and neuronal apoptosis via the DCC/ERK signaling pathway in the cultured primary cortical neurons after OGD injury, which may involve the mediation of DNA damage in the neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Disease of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Houwei Du
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Disease of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yixian Zhang
- Institute of Cerebral Vascular Disease of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Disease of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mouwei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Disease of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiqiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Disease of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Quan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Disease of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qilin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Disease of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongxing Lai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Disease of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Disease of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Cerebral Vascular Disease of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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9
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Mwangi M, Kil SH, Phak D, Park HY, Lim DJ, Park R, Moon SK. Interleukin-10 Attenuates Hypochlorous Acid-Mediated Cytotoxicity to HEI-OC1 Cochlear Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:314. [PMID: 29056901 PMCID: PMC5635053 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory reaction plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of acquired hearing loss such as ototoxicity and labyrinthitis. In our earlier work, we showed the pivotal role of otic fibrocytes in cochlear inflammation and the critical involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in cisplatin ototoxicity. We also demonstrated that otic fibrocytes inhibit monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2) upregulation in response to interleukin-10 (IL-10) via heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) signaling, resulting in suppression of cochlear inflammation. However, it is still unclear how IL-10 affects inflammation-mediated cochlear injury. Here we aim to determine how hypochlorous acid, a model inflammation mediator affects cochlear cell viability and how IL-10 affects hypochlorous acid-mediated cochlear cell injury. NaOCl, a sodium salt of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was found to induce cytotoxicity of HEI-OC1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Combination of hydrogen peroxide and myeloperoxidase augmented cisplatin cytotoxicity, and this synergism was inhibited by N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and ML-171. The rat spiral ligament cell line (RSL) appeared to upregulate the antioxidant response element (ARE) activities upon exposure to IL-10. RSL cells upregulated the expression of NRF2 (an ARE ligand) and NR0B2 in response to CoPP (a HMOX1 inducer), but not to ZnPP (a HMOX1 inhibitor). Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of NR0B2 was found to suppress CCL2 upregulation. IL-10-positive cells appeared in the mouse stria vascularis 1 day after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Five days after injection, IL-10-positive cells were observed in the spiral ligament, spiral limbus, spiral ganglia, and suprastrial area, but not in the stria vascularis. IL-10R1 appeared to be expressed in the mouse organ of Corti as well as HEI-OC1 cells. HEI-OC1 cells upregulated Bcl-xL expression in response to IL-10, and IL-10 was shown to attenuate NaOCl-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, HEI-OC1 cells upregulated IL-22RA upon exposure to cisplatin, and NaOCl cytotoxicity was inhibited by IL-22. Taken together, our findings suggest that hypochlorous acid is involved in cochlear injury and that IL-10 potentially reduces cochlear injury through not only inhibition of inflammation but also enhancement of cochlear cell viability. Further studies are needed to determine immunological characteristics of intracochlear IL-10-positive cells and elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in the otoprotective activity of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mwangi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sung-Hee Kil
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Phak
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hun Yi Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - David J Lim
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raekil Park
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung K Moon
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Nakajima M, Nito C, Sowa K, Suda S, Nishiyama Y, Nakamura-Takahashi A, Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Imagawa K, Hirato T, Ueda M, Kimura K, Okada T. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Interleukin-10 Promote Neuroprotection in Experimental Acute Ischemic Stroke. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 6:102-111. [PMID: 28725658 PMCID: PMC5502709 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is a contributing factor to neuroprotection of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation after ischemic stroke. Our aim was to increase therapeutic effects by combining MSCs and ex vivo IL-10 gene transfer with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector using a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 90 min MCAO followed by intravenous administration of MSCs alone or IL-10 gene-transferred MSCs (MSC/IL-10) at 0 or 3 hr after ischemia reperfusion. Infarct lesions, neurological deficits, and immunological analyses were performed within 7 days after MCAO. 0-hr transplantation of MSCs alone and MSC/IL-10 significantly reduced infarct volumes and improved motor function. Conversely, 3-hr transplantation of MSC/IL-10, but not MSCs alone, significantly reduced infarct volumes (p < 0.01) and improved motor function (p < 0.01) compared with vehicle groups at 72 hr and 7 days after MCAO. Immunological analysis showed that MSC/IL-10 transplantation significantly inhibits microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression compared with MSCs alone. Moreover, overexpressing IL-10 suppressed neuronal degeneration and improved survival of engrafted MSCs in the ischemic hemisphere. These results suggest that overexpressing IL-10 enhances the neuroprotective effects of MSC transplantation by anti-inflammatory modulation and thereby supports neuronal survival during the acute ischemic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nakajima
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Chikako Nito
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Kota Sowa
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suda
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Aki Nakamura-Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Cell and Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | | | - Tohru Hirato
- JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Hyogo, 659-0021, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ueda
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Cell and Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
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11
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Rajan TS, Giacoppo S, Trubiani O, Diomede F, Piattelli A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Conditioned medium of periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells exert anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse motoneurons. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:152-161. [PMID: 27737733 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conditioned medium derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) shows immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in preclinical models. Given the difficulty to harvest MSCs from bone marrow and adipose tissues, research has been focused to find alternative resources for MSCs, such as oral-derived tissues. Recently, we have demonstrated the protective effects of MSCs obtained from healthy human periodontal ligament tissue (hPDLSCs) in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. In the present in vitro study, we have investigated the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects of conditioned medium obtained from hPDLSCs of Relapsing Remitting- Multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) patients on NSC34 mouse motoneurons stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunocytochemistry and western blotting were performed. Increased level of TLR4 and NFκB, and reduced level of IκB-α were observed in LPS-stimulated motoneurons, which were modulated by pre-conditioning with hPDLSC-conditioned medium. Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-10), neuroprotective markers (Nestin, NFL 70, NGF, GAP43), and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, p21) were modulated. Moreover, extracellular vesicles of hPDLSC-conditioned medium showed the presence of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. Our results demonstrate the immunosuppressive properties of hPDLSC-conditioned medium of RR-MS patients in motoneurons subjected to inflammation. Our findings warrant further preclinical and clinical studies to elucidate the autologous therapeutic efficacy of hPDLSC-conditioned medium in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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12
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Pierozan P, Biasibetti H, Schmitz F, Ávila H, Fernandes CG, Pessoa-Pureur R, Wyse ATS. Neurotoxicity of Methylmercury in Isolated Astrocytes and Neurons: the Cytoskeleton as a Main Target. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5752-5767. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Zhou J, Ling J, Song J, Wang Y, Feng B, Ping F. Interleukin 10 protects primary melanocyte by activation of Stat-3 and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways. Cytokine 2016; 83:275-281. [PMID: 27186967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common melanocytopenic disorder of the skin, with acquired focal depigmentation. Normal human skin relies on melanocytes to provide photoprotection and thermoregulation by producing melanin. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine drawing more and more researchers' attention. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of IL-10 on melanocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We proved that IL-10 play no role in regulating melanogenesis of normal human foreskin-derived epidermal melanocytes (NHEM). IL-10 stimulation activated the JAK/Stat-3 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Moreover, IL-10 treatment increased translocation of p65 NF-κB into the nuclear compartment, and up-regulated expression of the pro-survival proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. IL-10 restored anti-apoptotic proteins expression and suppressed cytochrome c release in H2O2-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, IL-10 may provide pro-survival cues to melanocytes and be applied in the treatment of vitiligo and other depigmenting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jingjing Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Jing Song
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urological Surgical, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Bainian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Ping
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China.
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14
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Zhu Q, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Cheng H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Rui Y, Li T. MLIF Alleviates SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Injury Induced by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation by Targeting Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1A2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149965. [PMID: 26918757 PMCID: PMC4769291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF), a heat-stable pentapeptide, has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic brain injury. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective action of MLIF against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability, and flow cytometry assay and Hoechst staining were used to evaluate apoptosis. LDH assay was used to exam necrosis. The release of inflammatory cytokines was detected by ELISA. Levels of the apoptosis associated proteins were measured by western blot analysis. To identify the protein target of MLIF, pull-down assay and mass spectrometry were performed. We observed that MLIF enhanced cell survival and inhibited apoptosis and necrosis by inhibiting p-JNK, p53, c-caspase9 and c-caspase3 expression. In the microglia, OGD-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines was markedly reduced in the presence of MLIF. Furthermore, we found that eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A2 (eEF1A2) is a downstream target of MLIF. Knockdown eEF1A2 using short interfering RNA (siRNA) almost completely abrogated the anti-apoptotic effect of MLIF in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to OGD, with an associated decrease in cell survival and an increase in expression of p-JNK and p53. These results indicate that MLIF ameliorates OGD-induced SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma injury by inhibiting the p-JNK/p53 apoptotic signaling pathway via eEF1A2. Our findings suggest that eEF1A2 may be a new therapeutic target for ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhen Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yaocheng Rui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (TL); (YR)
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (TL); (YR)
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15
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Naoxintong Protects Primary Neurons from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Induced Injury through PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5815946. [PMID: 26949405 PMCID: PMC4754490 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5815946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naoxintong capsule (NXT), developed from Buyang Huanwu Decoction, has shown the neuroprotective effects in cerebrovascular diseases, but the neuroprotection mechanisms of NXT on ischemia/reperfusion injured neurons have not yet been well known. In this study, we established the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced neurons injury model and treat the neurons with cerebrospinal fluid containing NXT (BNC) to investigate the effects of NXT on OGD/R induced neurons injury and potential mechanisms. BNC improved neuron viability and decreased apoptotic rate induced by OGD/R. BNC attenuated OGD/R induced cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, ROS generation, intracellular NO levels and nNOS mRNA increase, and cytochrome-c release when compared with OGD/R group. BNC significantly inhibited both mPTP opening and ΔΨm depolarization. BNC increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax expression, upregulated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, downregulated caspase-3 mRNA and caspase-9 mRNA expression, and decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression and caspase-3 activity. BNC increased phosphorylation of Akt following OGD/R, while LY294002 attenuated BNC induced increase of phosphorylated Akt expression. Our study demonstrated that NXT protected primary neurons from OGD/R induced injury by inhibiting calcium overload and ROS generation, protecting mitochondria, and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptotic pathway which was mediated partially by PI3K-Akt signaling pathway activation.
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Ellwardt E, Walsh JT, Kipnis J, Zipp F. Understanding the Role of T Cells in CNS Homeostasis. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:154-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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