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Wang Y, Wang Q, Wang G, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Su X, Tang Y, Koci M, Zhang J, Ma Q, Zhao L. Rutin, a natural flavonoid glycoside, ameliorates zearalenone induced liver inflammation via inhibiting lipopolysaccharide gut leakage and NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 191:114887. [PMID: 39053873 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) poses a potential threat on human and animal health partly through the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. In silico study suggested that rutin effective against TLR4 and NF-κB. A wetting test was designed to evaluate the effect and underlying mechanism of rutin in alleviating ZEN-induced inflammation in animals. Twenty-four female mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (basal diet), ZEN group (basal diet + ZEN), rutin group (basic diet + rutin), Z + R group (basal diet + rutin + ZEN). Results showed that rutin effectively alleviated ZEN-induced inflammation and damage of liver and jejunum in mice. Rutin addition reduced the content of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum and liver mainly by improving the intestinal barrier function resulted from the production increase of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). In sum, this study showed that rutin alleviated ZEN-induced liver inflammation and injury by modulating the gut microbiota, increasing the production of SCFA and improving intestinal barrier function, leading to the decrease of LPS in liver and the inhibition of MyD88 independent NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. Specifically, these findings may provide useful insights into the screening of functional natural compounds and its action mechanism to alleviate ZEN induced liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Gaigai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qiongqiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yongpeng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Matthew Koci
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Nayak A, Gadnayak A, Dash KT, Jena S, Ray A, Nayak S, Sahoo A. Exploring molecular docking with MM-GBSA and molecular dynamics simulation to predict potent inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) enzyme from terpenoid-based active principles of Zingiber species. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10840-10850. [PMID: 36576262 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2161011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), the key enzyme involved in prostaglandin (PGs) production, is known to take part in inflammatory and immune responses. Though COX-2 inhibitors are therapeutically effective anti-inflammatory drugs, they deficit anti-thrombotic activity thus leading to increased cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, COX-2 inhibitors with improved therapeutic efficacy and tolerance are still needed. In recent years, traditional medicine systems have paid attention to the essential oil of genus Zingiber, particularly for the treatment of various inflammatory illnesses, with lesser side effects. Thus, the present study aims to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of Zingiber essential oil through computational-biology approaches. In this regard, virtual screening, molecular docking, and simulations were carried out on 53 compounds derived from the essential oil of Zingiber species in order to provide mechanistic insights into COX-2 inhibition and identify the most actively potent anti-inflammatory compounds. Among all the docked ligands, epi-cubenol, δ-cadinene, γ-eudesmol, cubenol, and α-terpineol were found to be powerful bioactive compounds with an increased binding affinity towards COX-2 along with favorable physiochemical properties. Additionally, MD simulation in DPPC lipid bilayers was studied to examine the intrinsic dynamics and adaptability of the chosen ligands and COX-2-complexes. The findings showed that the selected five components interacted steadily with the COX-2 active site residues throughout the simulation via different bondings. The integrative-computational approach showed that the identified natural compounds may be taken into further consideration for potential in vitro and in vivo evaluation as COX-2 inhibitors, which would lead to the development of more potent and efficient anti-inflammatory drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Nayak
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Odisha, India
| | - Ayushman Gadnayak
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Odisha, India
| | - Khirabdhi Tanaya Dash
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Odisha, India
| | - Sudipta Jena
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Odisha, India
| | - Asit Ray
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Nayak
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Odisha, India
| | - Ambika Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Odisha, India
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Balogun FO, Singh K, Rampadarath A, Akoonjee A, Naidoo K, Sabiu S. Cheminformatics identification of modulators of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes from C. cujete for type-2 diabetes mellitus intervention. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1299-1317. [PMID: 37969920 PMCID: PMC10638353 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The therapeutic use of oral hypoglycaemic agents in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is without adverse effects; thus, calls for alternative and novel candidates from natural products in medicinal plants. Method The study explored molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches to identify key antidiabetic metabolites from Crescentia cujete. Results Molecular docking results identified four and/or five best compounds against each target enzyme (alpha-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, aldose reductase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B)) implicated in diabetes. The resulting complexes (except against PTP-1B) had higher docking scores above respective standards (acarbose, Diprotin A, ranirestat). The MD simulation results revealed compounds such as benzoic acid (-48.414 kcal/mol) and phytol (-45.112 kcal/mol) as well as chlorogenic acid (-42.978 kcal/mol) and naringenin (-31.292 kcal/mol) had higher binding affinities than the standards [acarbose (-28.248 kcal/mol), ranirestat (-21.042 kcal/mol)] against alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase, respectively while Diprotin A (-45.112 kcal/mol) and ursolic acid (-18.740 kcal/mol) presented superior binding affinities than the compounds [luteolin (-41.957 kcal/mol and naringenin (-16.518 kcal/mol)] against DPP-IV and PTP-1B respectively. Conclusion While isoflavone (alpha-glucosidase), xylocaine (DPP-IV), luteolin (aldose reductase,) and chlorogenic acid (PTP-1B) were affirmed as the best inhibitors of respective enzyme targets, luteolin, and chlorogenic acid may be suggested and proposed as probable candidates against T2DM and related retinopathy complication based on their structural stability, compactness and affinity for three (DPP-IV, aldose reductase, and PTP-1B) of the four targets investigated. Further studies are warranted in vitro and in vivo on the antihyperglycaemic effects of these drug candidates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01249-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatai Oladunni Balogun
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Karishma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000 South Africa
- Department of Nature Conservation, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Mangosuthu, South Africa
| | - Athika Rampadarath
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Ayesha Akoonjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Kayleen Naidoo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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Sangavi R, Muthumanickam S, Malligarjunan N, Jothi R, Boomi P, Arivudainambi S, Raman M, Joshi CG, Pandian SK, Gowrishankar S. In silico analysis unravels the promising anticariogenic efficacy of fatty acids against dental caries causing Streptococcus mutans. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37993988 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Globally, dental caries is a prevalent oral disease caused by cariogenic bacteria, primarily Streptococcus mutans. It establishes caries either through sucrose-dependent (via glycosyltransferases) or through sucrose-independent (via surface adhesins Antigen I/II) mechanism. Sortase A (srtA) attaches virulence-associated adhesins to host tissues. Because of their importance in the formation of caries, targeting these proteins is decisive in the development of new anticariogenic drugs. High-throughput virtual screening with LIPID MAPS -a fatty acid database was performed. The selected protein-ligand complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation (MDs). The Binding Free Energy of complexes was predicted using MM/PBSA. Further, the drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of ligands were also analyzed. Out of 46,200 FAs scrutinized virtually against the three protein targets (viz., GtfC, Ag I/II and srtA), top 5 FAs for each protein were identified as the best hit based on interaction energies viz., hydrogen bond numbers and hydrophobic interaction. Further, two common FAs (LMFA01050418 and LMFA01040045) that showed high binding affinity against Ag I/II and srtA were selected for MDs analysis. A 100ns MDs unveiled a stable conformation. Results of Rg signified that FAs does not induce significant structural & conformational changes. SASA indicated that the complexes maintain higher thermodynamic stability during MDs. The predicted binding free energy (MM/PBSA) of complexes elucidated their stable binding interaction. ADME analysis suggested the FAs are biologically feasible as therapeutic candidates. Overall, the presented in silico data is the first of its kind in delineating FAs as promising anticaries agents of future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichellam Sangavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Sankar Muthumanickam
- Department of Bioinformatics, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | | | - Ravi Jothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Pandi Boomi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Seenichamy Arivudainambi
- Department of Science & Technology, Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Muthusamy Raman
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Saveetha Dental University, Chennai, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Department of Science & Technology, Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
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Ravi L, Kumar K A, Kumari G R S, S H, Sam Raj JB, R L, Chinnaiyan P, K C DJ, J K M, Sudhakara D, Dar MS, D M Y, G S. Stearyl palmitate a multi-target inhibitor against breast cancer: in-silico, in-vitro & in-vivo approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37691453 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2255271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Multi-target inhibitors are currently trending in the pharmaceutical research, as they possess increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. In this study multi-target inhibitors for breast cancer are explored from a curated list of natural products, i.e. 4,670 phytochemicals belonging to 360 medicinal plants. In-silico screening of phytochemicals using SeeSAR and AutoDock Vina resulted in identification of Stearyl Palmitate as a potential drug molecule that inhibits three drug targets, i.e. HER-2, MEK-1 and PARP-1 proteins. Molecular Dynamics Simulation for 100 ns each for these three protein-ligand complexes using Desmond, Maestro platform also confirmed the prediction of multi-target inhibition by Stearyl Palmitate. Further in-vitro MTT assay demonstrated that Stearyl Palmitate has a significant IC50 value of 40 µM against MCF-7 cells and >1000 µM against L929 cells. This confirmed that Stearyl Palmitate is having selective cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells in comparison to non-cancerous cells. Fluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that, Stearyl Palmitate is inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells at IC50 concentration. Finally, in-vivo efficacy and toxicity studies were performed using zebrafishes (Danio rerio). It was observed that the fishes treated with IC50 concentration of Stearyl Palmitate demonstrated 2x folds reduction in tumour size, while double dose resulted in 4x folds reduction in tumour size. Stearyl Palmitate did not demonstrate any toxicity or side effects in the zebrafishes. It is concluded that, Stearyl Palmitate, a phytochemical reported to be present in Althea officinalis is a potential anti-breast cancer agent, with ability to inhibit multiple targets such as HER-2, MEK-1 and PARP-2 proteins.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Ravi
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajith Kumar K
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shree Kumari G R
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harsha S
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jabin B Sam Raj
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Likitha R
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prawin Chinnaiyan
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - David Jonnes K C
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Megha J K
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanush Sudhakara
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Musaib Shafi Dar
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yashaswini D M
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sathvik G
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Jayabal D, Jayanthi S, Thirumalaisamy R, Shimu MSS. Molecular insights of anti-diabetic compounds and its hyaluronic acid conjugates against aldose reductase enzyme through molecular modeling and simulations study-a novel treatment option for inflammatory diabetes. J Mol Model 2023; 29:238. [PMID: 37420135 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for diabetes, but it can also be a complication of diabetes, leading to severe diabetes and causing many other clinical manifestations. Inflammation is a major emerging complication in both type I and type II diabetes, which causes increasing interest in targeting inflammation to improve and control diabetes. Diabetes with insulin resistance and impaired glucose utilization in humans and their underlying mechanism is not fully understood. But a growing understanding of the intricacy of the insulin signaling cascade in diabetic inflammatory cells reveals potential target genes and their proteins responsible for severe insulin resistance. With this baseline concept, the current project explores the binding affinities of the hyaluronic acid anti-diabetic compounds conjugates to such target proteins in diabetic inflammatory cells and their molecular geometries. A range of 48 anti-diabetic compounds was screened against aldose reductase binding pocket 3 protein target through in silico molecular docking, and results revealed that three compounds viz, metformin (CID:4091), phenformin (CID:8249), sitagliptin (CID:4,369,359), possess significant binding affinity out of 48 chosen drugs. Further, these three anti-diabetic compounds were conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA), and their binding affinity and their molecular geometrics towards aldose reductase enzyme were screened compared with the free form of the drug. The molecular geometries of three shortlisted drugs (metformin, phenformin, sitagliptin) and their HA conjugates were also explored through density functional theory studies, and it proves their good molecular geometry towards pocket 3 of aldose reductase target. Further, MD simulation trajectories affirm that HA conjugates possess good binding affinity and simulation trajectories with protein target aldose reductase than a free form of the drug. Our current study unravels the new mechanism of drug targeting for diabetes through HA conjugation for inflammatory diabetes. HA conjugates act as novel drug candidates for treating inflammatory diabetes; however, it needs further human clinical trials. METHODS For ligand structure, PubChem, ACD chem sketch, and online structure file generator platform are utilized for ligand preparation. Target protein aldose reductase obtained from protein database (PDB). For molecular docking analysis, AutoDock Vina (Version 4) was utilized. pKCSM online server used to predict ADMET properties of the above three shortlisted drugs from the docking study. Using mol-inspiration software (version 2011.06), three shortlisted compounds' bioactivity scores were predicted. DFT analysis for three shortlisted anti-diabetic drugs and their hyaluronic acid conjugates were calculated using a functional B3LYP set of Gaussian 09 software. Molecular dynamics simulation calculations for six chosen protein-ligand complexes were done through YASARA dynamics software and AMBER14 force field.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jayabal
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ganesh College of Arts and Science, Salem, 636014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Jayanthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Shri Sakthikailash Women's College, Ammapet, Salem, 636003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Thirumalaisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sona College of Arts & Science, Salem, 636005, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nutraceutical Prevention of Diabetic Complications—Focus on Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4314-4338. [PMID: 36135209 PMCID: PMC9498143 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, driven by excess accumulation of glycolytic intermediates in cells that are highly permeable to glucose in the absence of effective insulin activity, appear to be the chief mediators of the complications of diabetes. The most pathogenically significant dicarbonyl stress reflects spontaneous dephosphorylation of glycolytic triose phosphates, giving rise to highly reactive methylglyoxal. This compound can be converted to harmless lactate by the sequential activity of glyoxalase I and II, employing glutathione as a catalyst. The transcription of glyoxalase I, rate-limiting for this process, is promoted by Nrf2, which can be activated by nutraceutical phase 2 inducers such as lipoic acid and sulforaphane. In cells exposed to hyperglycemia, glycine somehow up-regulates Nrf2 activity. Zinc can likewise promote glyoxalase I transcription, via activation of the metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF) that binds to the glyoxalase promoter. Induction of glyoxalase I and metallothionein may explain the protective impact of zinc in rodent models of diabetic complications. With respect to the contribution of oxidative stress to diabetic complications, promoters of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP2 inducers, inhibitors of NAPDH oxidase, recouplers of eNOS, glutathione precursors, membrane oxidant scavengers, Nrf2 activators, and correction of diabetic thiamine deficiency should help to quell this.
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Adinortey CA, Kwarko GB, Koranteng R, Boison D, Obuaba I, Wilson MD, Kwofie SK. Molecular Structure-Based Screening of the Constituents of Calotropis procera Identifies Potential Inhibitors of Diabetes Mellitus Target Alpha Glucosidase. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:963-987. [PMID: 35723349 PMCID: PMC8928985 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterized by higher levels of blood glucose due to impaired insulin mechanisms. Alpha glucosidase is a critical drug target implicated in the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus and its inhibition controls hyperglycemia. Since the existing standard synthetic drugs have therapeutic limitations, it is imperative to identify new potent inhibitors of natural product origin which may slow carbohydrate digestion and absorption via alpha glucosidase. Since plant extracts from Calotropis procera have been extensively used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, the present study used molecular docking and dynamics simulation techniques to screen its constituents against the receptor alpha glucosidase. Taraxasterol, syriogenin, isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside and calotoxin were identified as potential novel lead compounds with plausible binding energies of −40.2, −35.1, −34.3 and −34.3 kJ/mol against alpha glucosidase, respectively. The residues Trp481, Asp518, Leu677, Leu678 and Leu680 were identified as critical for binding and the compounds were predicted as alpha glucosidase inhibitors. Structurally similar compounds with Tanimoto coefficients greater than 0.7 were reported experimentally to be inhibitors of alpha glucosidase or antidiabetic. The structures of the molecules may serve as templates for the design of novel inhibitors and warrant in vitro assaying to corroborate their antidiabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Adinortey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast CC 033, Ghana;
| | - Gabriel B. Kwarko
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 54, Ghana;
| | - Russell Koranteng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana;
| | - Daniel Boison
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast CC 033, Ghana; (D.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Issaka Obuaba
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast CC 033, Ghana; (D.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana;
| | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 54, Ghana;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +233-203-797922
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Swilam N, Nawwar MAM, Radwan RA, Mostafa ES. Antidiabetic Activity and In Silico Molecular Docking of Polyphenols from Ammannia baccifera L. subsp. Aegyptiaca (Willd.) Koehne Waste: Structure Elucidation of Undescribed Acylated Flavonol Diglucoside. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030452. [PMID: 35161433 PMCID: PMC8840488 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Ammania aegyptiaca ethanol extract (AEEE) showed high concentrations of polyphenol and flavonoid content, with notable antioxidant activity. Undescribed acylated diglucoside flavonol myricetin 3-O-β-4C1-(6″-O-galloyl glucopyranoside) 7-O-β-4C1-glucopyranoside (MGGG) was isolated from the aerial parts of AEEE, along with four known polyphenols that had not been characterized previously from AEEE. The inhibitory effects of MGGG, AEEE, and all compounds against α-amylase, pancreatic lipase and β-glucosidase were assessed. In addition, molecular docking was used to determine the inhibition of digestive enzymes, and this confirmed that the MGGG interacted strongly with the active site residues of these enzymes, with the highest binding free energy against α-amylase (-8.99 kcal/mol), as compared to the commercial drug acarbose (-5.04 kcal/mol), thus justifying its use in the potential management of diabetes. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, AEEE significantly decreased high serum glucose, α-amylase activity and serum liver and kidney function markers, as well as increasing insulin blood level. Moreover, AEEE improved the lipid profile of diabetic animals, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Histopathological studies proved the decrease in pancreas damage and supported the biochemical findings. These results provide evidence that AEEE and MGGG possess potent antidiabetic activity, which warrants additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Swilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. M. Nawwar
- National Research Centre, Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic, Dokki 12622, Egypt;
| | - Rasha A. Radwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, El Ismailia 41611, Egypt;
| | - Eman S. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University of Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University), Giza 11787, Egypt;
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Mustafa G, Mahrosh HS, Zafar M, Attique SA, Arif R. Exploring the antihyperglycemic potential of tetrapeptides devised from AdMc1 via different receptor proteins inhibition using in silico approaches. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221103120. [PMID: 35574607 PMCID: PMC9112693 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogenous group of chronic metabolic disorders that results due to deficiency in insulin secretion and signalling. Multiple factors held responsible for onset of diabetes due to defects in glucose metabolism and cellular signalling mechanism. Over the past few years, many plant derived bioactive compounds have been recorded with increased efficacy and fewer side-effects against variety of diseases. Methods: In the current study, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches were employed to evaluate the tetrapeptides devised from AdMc1 protein of Momordica charantia. Due to unavailability of appropriate template for modelling of 3D structure of AdMc1 protein, I-TASSER server was employed for prediction of good quality tertiary structure. Predicted model was refined by GalaxyRefine Web and evaluated by Verify 3D, ERRAT and Ramachandran plot analysis. Next, a ready-to-dock library of fifty tetrapeptides as potent inhibitors was prepared and docked against aldose reductase (AR), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), α-glucosidase, α-amylase and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta as receptor proteins. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed on Schrodinger’s Desmond Module to check stability of the best docking complex. Results: Top five ligands were selected against each receptor protein based on their binding pattern and docking scores. Among selected ligands (i.e. VEID, TVEV, AYAY, EEIA, ITTV, TTIT, LPSM, RGIE, TTVE and EIAR) followed all parameters in drug scanning and ADMET screening tests. The MD simulations confirmed that the best selected peptide (i.e. VEID) docked with AR and PTP1B was structurally stable. Conclusion: In the light of overall results of all analyses employed in this study, the selected ligands could be further processed as potential hypoglycaemic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, 72594Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza S Mahrosh
- Department of Biochemistry, 66724University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muddassar Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 128417University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Syed A Attique
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Science (SINES), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rawaba Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
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Theaflavin-3-gallate, a natural antagonist for Hsp90: In-silico and in-vitro approach. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 353:109774. [PMID: 34958756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor prognosis and metastasis have been recognized as the major cause of breast cancer related deaths worldwide. Recent experimental evidence has shown that Hsp90, the prime chaperone, is overexpressed in many cancers and is responsible if reducing the 5-year survival rate of cancer patients. Therefore, targeted inhibition of Hsp90 may be a new and effective way to target cancer as well as enhancing therapeutic outcomes. In the present study, screening and stimulation of potential natural compounds result in the identification of theaflavin-3-gallate as a promising inhibitory compound of Hsp90. Further in-vitro validation of the cytotoxic effect of theaflavin-3-gallate in human breast carcinoma cell line MCF7 and normal cell line MCF10A revealed that theaflavin-3-gallate significantly inhibited the cell proliferation of MCF7 cells whereas no cytotoxic effect was observed on MCF10A cells. We also found that theaflavin-3-gallate significantly induced programmed cell death by arresting cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. A significant decrease in cell migration and colony formation by theaflavin-3-gallate treatment was also observed in MCF7 cells. Furthermore, theaflavin-3-gallate significantly downregulated the mRNA expression patterns of the HSP90, MMP9, VEGFA, and SPP1 genes. Collectively, our results demonstrated theaflavin-3-gallate as a potential natural Hsp90 inhibitor that can be used to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of existing breast cancer therapies and improve overall survival of breast cancer patients.
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Grewal AS, Thapa K, Kanojia N, Sharma N, Singh S. Natural Compounds as Source of Aldose Reductase (AR) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diabetic Complications: A Mini Review. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:1091-1116. [PMID: 33069193 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201016124125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldol reductase (AR) is the polyol pathway's main enzyme that portrays a crucial part in developing 'complications of diabetes' involving cataract, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. These diabetic abnormalities are triggered tremendously via aggregation of sorbitol formation (catalyzed by AR) in the polyol pathway. Consequently, it represents an admirable therapeutic target and vast research was done for the discovery of novel molecules as potential AR inhibitors for diabetic complications. OBJECTIVE This review article has been planned to discuss an outline of diabetic complications, AR and its role in diabetic complications, natural compounds reported as AR inhibitors, and benefits of natural/plant derived AR inhibitors for the management of diabetic abnormalities. RESULTS The goal of AR inhibition remedy is to stabilize the increased flux of blood glucose and sorbitol via the 'polyol pathway' in the affected tissues. A variety of synthetic inhibitors of AR have been established such as tolrestat and sorbinil, but both of these face limitations including low permeability and health problems. Pharmaceutical industries and other scientists were also undertaking work to develop newer, active, and 'safe' AR inhibitors from natural sources. Therefore, several naturally found molecules were documented to possess a potent inhibitory action on AR activity. CONCLUSION Natural inhibitors of AR appeared as harmless pharmacological agents for controlling diabetic complications. The detailed literature throughout this article shows the significance of herbal extracts and phytochemicals as prospective useful AR inhibitors in treating diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Komal Thapa
- Chitkara School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Lakhera S, Devlal K, Ghosh A, Rana M. In Silico Investigation of Phytoconstituents of Medicinal Herb ' Piper Longum' Against SARS-CoV-2 by Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Analysis. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 3:100199. [PMID: 34603947 PMCID: PMC8478074 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unavailability of treatment for the SARS-CoV-2 virus has raised concern among the population worldwide. This has led to many attempts to find alternative options to prevent the infection of the disease, including focusing on vaccines and drugs. The use of natural products and herbal extracts can be a better option in beating the virus and boosting up immunity. In the present paper, we have done a systematic in silico study of papain-like protease of COVID-19 virus with the chemical constituents of herbal plant Piper Longum. Screening of the pharmacokinetic properties is done with thirty-two phytoconstituents of Piper Longum which help us in selecting the most active components of the plant. After selection molecular docking is performed with Aristololactam (C17H11NO4), Fargesin (C21H22O6), l-asarinin (C20H18O6), Lignans Machilin F (C20H22O5), Piperundecalidine (C23H29NO3), and Pluviatilol (C20H20O6). Molecular dynamic (MD) is also performed with the inhibitor-receptor complex which suggest significant inhibition and a stable complex of I-Asarinin with PLpro. Docking scores and simulation results suggest that I-Asarinin can act as a potential drug like candidate against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Lakhera
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, 263139, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamal Devlal
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, 263139, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Guwahati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, 263139, Uttarakhand, India
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Sonowal H, Ramana KV. Development of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders and Cancer: Current Drug Design Strategies and Future Directions. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3683-3712. [PMID: 33109031 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201027152737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldose Reductase (AR) is an enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol during the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism. AR has been shown to be involved in the development of secondary diabetic complications due to its involvement in causing osmotic as well as oxidative stress. Various AR inhibitors have been tested for their use to treat secondary diabetic complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy in clinical studies. Recent studies also suggest the potential role of AR in mediating various inflammatory complications. Therefore, the studies on the development and potential use of AR inhibitors to treat inflammatory complications and cancer besides diabetes are currently on the rise. Further, genetic mutagenesis studies, computer modeling, and molecular dynamics studies have helped design novel and potent AR inhibitors. This review discussed the potential new therapeutic use of AR inhibitors in targeting inflammatory disorders and cancer besides diabetic complications. Further, we summarized studies on how AR inhibitors have been designed and developed for therapeutic purposes in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Sonowal
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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Prabhavathi H, Dasegowda KR, Renukananda KH, Karunakar P, Lingaraju K, Raja Naika H. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation to identify potential phytocompound inhibitors for EGFR and HER2 as anti-breast cancer agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4713-4724. [PMID: 33345701 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1861982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. To treat human breast cancer by inhibiting EGFR and HER2 targets is an important therapeutic option. Phytochemicals are found to have beneficial health effects in treating various diseases. An effort has been made to virtually screen phytochemical inhibitor by molecular docking and dynamic simulation in the current studies. The docking scores analysis resulted in a common hit Panaxadiol ligand with a low dock score for EGFR and HER2 targets. The inhibitory action of the phytocompounds was also validated by comparing it with the reference compounds Erlotinib for EGFR and Neratinib for HER2. Molecular dynamic simulation of EGFR and HER2 lead complexes ensure the ligand's appropriate refinement in the dynamic system. The target and ligand complex interaction motif established a high affinity of lead candidates in a dynamic system similar to molecular docking results. This study reveals that Panaxadiol hit molecule can be developed as a novel multi-target EGFR and HER2 target inhibitor with greater potential and low toxicity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prabhavathi
- Department of Studies & Research in Biotechnology, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - K R Dasegowda
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetics, Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K H Renukananda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, RV Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - K Lingaraju
- Department of Studies & Research in Biotechnology, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - H Raja Naika
- Department of Studies & Research in Biotechnology, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
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In Silico Prediction of the Mode of Action of Viola odorata in Diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2768403. [PMID: 33490239 PMCID: PMC7803256 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2768403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The metabolic syndrome increases the risk of different diseases such as type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has rapidly grown and affected more than 230 million people worldwide. Viola odorata is a traditionally used plant for the treatment of diabetes; however, its mechanism to manage diabetes is still unknown. Purpose This study was designed to systematically assess the mechanism of action of Viola odorata in diabetes. Methods An extensive literature search was made to establish an ingredient-target database of Viola odorata. Of these, targets related to diabetes were identified and used to develop a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) by utilizing the STITCH database. The obtained PPIN was assessed through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis based on ClueGO plugin. Results According to the acquired data, there were about 143 chemical constituents present in Viola odorata having 119 protein targets. Of these, 31 targets were established to give the pharmacological effect against diabetes. The UniProt database was used for screening of 31 targets, out of which Homo sapiens contained 22 targets. Ultimately, 207 GO terms, grouped into 41 clusters, were found by gene analysis, and most of them were found to be linked with diabetes. According to findings, several proteins including TP53, BCL2, CDKN1A, 1L6, CCND1, CDKN2A, and RB1 have a significant role in the treatment of diabetes by Viola odorata. Conclusion The possible activity of Viola odorata in the management of diabetes may be mediated by several molecular mechanisms, including the glutamine metabolic process, IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response, and pentose metabolic process.
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Osman SM, Ayoub NA, Hafez SA, Ibrahim HA, El Raey MA, El-Emam SZ, Seada AA, Saadeldeen AM. Aldose reductase inhibitor form Cassia glauca: A comparative study of cytotoxic activity with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and molecular docking evaluation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240856. [PMID: 33064762 PMCID: PMC7567391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UPLC-MS/MS profiling of Cassia glauca leaves extract revealed the identification of 10 flavonoids. Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside was isolated and studied for its cytotoxic activity. It showed high cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 (IC50 of 4.6±0.038 μg/ml) and HepG-2 (IC50 of 8.2±0.024 μg/ml) cancer cell lines, compared to the leaves extracts, their Ag nanoparticles, and doxorubicin. Moreover, Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside exerted a synergistic cytotoxic effect with doxorubicin on MCF-7 cell lines. It was discovered as kinases and aldose reductase inhibitor while rationalizing its cytotoxic activity through molecular docking study. Thus, it is expected that the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin can be also decreased by using Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside due to its aldose reductase inhibitory effect. These findings suggested that Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside could be used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to increase the sensitivity to their cytotoxic activity and protect against their side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M. Osman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nahla A. Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa A. Hafez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haitham A. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Soad Z. El-Emam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Seada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr M. Saadeldeen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
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Mechanistic inhibition of non-enzymatic glycation and aldose reductase activity by naringenin: Binding, enzyme kinetics and molecular docking analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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WJ-39, an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Ameliorates Renal Lesions in Diabetic Nephropathy by Activating Nrf2 Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7950457. [PMID: 32566101 PMCID: PMC7277034 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7950457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic diabetic microvascular complication. Hyperactivity of the polyol pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of DN. Aldose reductase (AR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, is expected to be an effective target in the treatment of DN. WJ-39 is a novel inhibitor of AR. The present study aimed at exploring the effects of WJ-39 in DN. DN was induced in rats by injecting 30 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). After 14 weeks, WJ-39 (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered to the rats for 12 weeks. Treatment with WJ-39 significantly inhibited AR activation and ameliorated renal dysfunction and fibrosis in DN rats. WJ-39 reduced oxidative stress in the kidneys of DN rats by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. WJ-39 suppressed the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors. Rat mesangial cells (RMCs) were cultured under hyperglycemic conditions. WJ-39 abrogated the high glucose- (HG-) induced, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory factors. However, transfection with Nrf2 small interfering RNA abolished the effects of WJ-39. WJ-39 also blocked the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad pathway to reduce the production of glomerular extracellular matrix proteins, ultimately reducing fibrogenesis in DN. Our results show that WJ-39 ameliorated renal injury in DN rats, and its effects on oxidative stress and inflammation were associated with the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Thus, WJ-39 and its mechanism of amelioration of renal lesions in DN rats by reducing renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis injury could be an effective strategy for the treatment of DN.
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Thiagarajan R, Varsha MKNS, Srinivasan V, Ravichandran R, Saraboji K. Vitamin K1 prevents diabetic cataract by inhibiting lens aldose reductase 2 (ALR2) activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14684. [PMID: 31604989 PMCID: PMC6789135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of vitamin K1 as a novel lens aldose reductase inhibitor in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract model. A single, intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) resulted in hyperglycemia, activation of lens aldose reductase 2 (ALR2) and accumulation of sorbitol in eye lens which could have contributed to diabetic cataract formation. However, when diabetic rats were treated with vitamin K1 (5 mg/kg, sc, twice a week) it resulted in lowering of blood glucose and inhibition of lens aldose reductase activity because of which there was a corresponding decrease in lens sorbitol accumulation. These results suggest that vitamin K1 is a potent inhibitor of lens aldose reductase enzyme and we made an attempt to understand the nature of this inhibition using crude lens homogenate as well as recombinant human aldose reductase enzyme. Our results from protein docking and spectrofluorimetric analyses clearly show that vitamin K1 is a potent inhibitor of ALR2 and this inhibition is primarily mediated by the blockage of DL-glyceraldehyde binding to ALR2. At the same time docking also suggests that vitamin K1 overlaps at the NADPH binding site of ALR2, which probably shows that vitamin K1 could possibly bind both these sites in the enzyme. Another deduction that we can derive from the experiments performed with pure protein is that ALR2 has three levels of affinity, first for NADPH, second for vitamin K1 and third for the substrate DL-glyceraldehyde. This was evident based on the dose-dependency experiments performed with both NADPH and DL-glyceraldehyde. Overall, our study shows the potential of vitamin K1 as an ALR2 inhibitor which primarily blocks enzyme activity by inhibiting substrate interaction of the enzyme. Further structural studies are needed to fully comprehend the exact nature of binding and inhibition of ALR2 by vitamin K1 that could open up possibilities of its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thiagarajan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai, 600004, India.
| | - M K N Sai Varsha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - V Srinivasan
- Disease Program Lead - Diabetes, MedGenome Inc., Bangalore, India
| | - R Ravichandran
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - K Saraboji
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rampogu S, Baek A, Gajula RG, Zeb A, Bavi RS, Kumar R, Kim Y, Kwon YJ, Lee KW. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) phytochemicals-gingerenone-A and shogaol inhibit SaHPPK: molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro approaches. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2018; 17:16. [PMID: 29609660 PMCID: PMC5879566 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a defense mechanism, harbored by pathogens to survive under unfavorable conditions. Among several antibiotic resistant microbial consortium, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most havoc microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus encodes a unique enzyme 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (SaHPPK), against which, none of existing antibiotics have been reported. METHODS Computational approaches have been instrumental in designing and discovering new drugs for several diseases. The present study highlights the impact of ginger phytochemicals on Staphylococcus aureus SaHPPK. Herein, we have retrieved eight ginger phytochemicals from published literature and investigated their inhibitory interactions with SaHPPK. To authenticate our work, the investigation proceeds considering the known antibiotics alongside the phytochemicals. Molecular docking was performed employing GOLD and CDOCKER. The compounds with the highest dock score from both the docking programmes were tested for their inhibitory capability in vitro. The binding conformations that were seated within the binding pocket showing strong interactions with the active sites residues rendered by highest dock score were forwarded towards the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation analysis. RESULTS Based on molecular dock scores, molecular interaction with catalytic active residues and MD simulations studies, two ginger phytochemicals, gingerenone-A and shogaol have been proposed as candidate inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus. They have demonstrated higher dock scores than the known antibiotics and have represented interactions with the key residues within the active site. Furthermore, these compounds have rendered considerable inhibitory activity when tested in vitro. Additionally, their superiority was corroborated by stable MD results conducted for 100 ns employing GROMACS package. CONCLUSIONS Finally, we suggest that gingerenone-A and shogaol may either be potential SaHPPK inhibitors or can be used as fundamental platforms for novel SaHPPK inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailima Rampogu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayoung Baek
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajesh Goud Gajula
- Primer Biotech Research Center, Jaipuri Colony, Nagole, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500068, India
| | - Amir Zeb
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohit S Bavi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Raj Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseong Kim
- Department of Science Education, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 51767, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Rosa LRDO, Kaga AK, Barbanera PO, Queiroz PM, do Carmo NOL, Fernandes AAH. Beneficial effects of N-acetylcysteine on hepatic oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:412-418. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the leading diseases worldwide and, thus, finding new therapeutic alternatives is essential. The development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a notable diabetic complication. Therefore, antioxidant therapy became a leading topic in the world of diabetes research. The objective of this present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration on serum biochemical parameters and oxidative stress parameters in hepatic tissue of the diabetic rats. Thirty-two animals were divided in 4 groups (n = 8): G1, normal rats; G2, normal rats + NAC; G3, diabetic rats; and G4, diabetic rats + NAC. Diabetes was induced in diabetic groups through streptozotocin. NAC administration was effective in improving hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, as well as reducing serum alanine-aminotransferase and urea, hepatic triglycerides accumulation, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the diabetic liver, as well as improving the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes. This effect was likely due to NAC’s ability of restoring intracellular glutathione, an important compound for the antioxidant defense, as well as due to NAC’s direct antioxidant properties. Thus, NAC administration was useful for reducing hepatic oxidative stress and decreased the deposit of triacylglycerols, minimizing diabetic hepatic damage, making it a promising therapeutic adjuvant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rodolfo de Oliveira Rosa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
| | - Anderson Kiyoshi Kaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
| | - Pedro Octavio Barbanera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
| | - Priscila Manfio Queiroz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
| | - Nágilla Orleanne Lima do Carmo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
| | - Ana Angélica Henrique Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-970
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Bano S, Khan AU, Asghar F, Usman M, Badshah A, Ali S. Computational and Pharmacological Evaluation of Ferrocene-Based Acyl Ureas and Homoleptic Cadmium Carboxylate Derivatives for Anti-diabetic Potential. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:1001. [PMID: 29387011 PMCID: PMC5776112 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated possible anti-diabetic effect of ferrocene-based acyl ureas: 4-ferrocenyl aniline (PFA), 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-ferrocenylphenyl) urea (DPC1), 1-(3-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-ferrocenylphenyl) urea (DMC1), 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-ferrocenylphenyl) urea (DOC1) and homoleptic cadmium carboxylates: bis (diphenylacetato) cadmium (II) (DPAA), bis (4-chlorophenylacetato) cadmium (II) (CPAA), using in silico and in vivo techniques. PFA, DPC1, DMC1, DOC1, DPAA and CPAA exhibited high binding affinities (ACE ≥ −350 Kcal/mol) against targets: aldose reductase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1, C-alpha glucosidase and glucokinase, while showed moderate affinities (ACE ≥ −250 Kcal/mol) against N-alpha glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, phosphorylated-Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, whereas revealed lower affinities (ACE < −250 Kcal/mol) vs. alpha amylase, protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B, glycogen phosphorylase and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase. In alloxan (300 mg/Kg)-induced diabetic mice, DPAA and DPC1 (1–10 mg/Kg) at day 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20th decreased blood glucose levels, compared to diabetic control group and improved the treated animals body weight. DPAA (10 mg/Kg) and DPC1 (5 mg/Kg) in time-dependent manner (30–120 min.) enhanced tolerance of oral glucose overload in mice. DPAA and DPCI dose-dependently at 1, 5, and 10 mg/Kg decreased glycosylated hemoglobin levels in diabetic animals, as caused by metformin. These results indicate that aforementioned derivatives of ferrocene and cadmium possess anti-diabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Bano
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wah, Wah, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amin Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zhang J, Liu R, Kuang HY, Gao XY, Liu HL. Protective treatments and their target retinal ganglion cells in diabetic retinopathy. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li X, Liu W, Huang X, Xiong J, Wei X. Interaction of AR and iNOS in lens epithelial cell: A new pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of diabetic cataract. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 615:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sampath C, Sang S, Ahmedna M. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of aldose reductase and advanced glycation end products by phloretin, epigallocatechin 3-gallate and [6]-gingerol. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:502-513. [PMID: 27685794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemic stress activates polyol pathway and aldose reductase (AR) key enzyme responsible for generating secondary complications during diabetes. In this study the therapeutic potential of phloretin, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) and [6]-gingerol were evaluated for anti-glycating and AR inhibitory activity in vitro and in vivo systems. Human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells were induced with high glucose supplemented with the phloretin, EGCG and [6]-gingerol. Aldose reductase activity, total advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and enzyme inhibitor kinetics were assessed. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of the different treatments (bioactive compounds at 2 concentrations each) with either a low fat diet or high fat diet (HFD). After sixteen weeks, AGE accumulation and AR activity was determined in heart, eyes and kidney. High glucose induced toxicity decreased cell viability compared to the untreated cells and AR activity increased to 2-5 folds from 24 to 96h. Pre-treatment of cells with phloretin, EGCG and [6]-gingerol improved cell viability and inhibited AR activity. The enzyme inhibition kinetics followed a non-competitive mode of inhibition for phloretin and EGCG whereas [6]-gingerol indicated uncompetitive type of inhibition against AR. Data from the animal studies showed high plasma glucose levels in HFD group over time, compared to the low fat diet. HFD group developed cataract and AR activity increased to 4 folds compared to the group with low fat diet. Administration of EGCG, phloretin and [6]-gingerol significantly reduced blood sugar levels, AGEs accumulation, and AR activity. These findings could provide a basis to consider using the selected dietary components alone or in combination with other therapeutic approaches to prevent diabetes-related complications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, United States
| | - Mohamed Ahmedna
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Dongare S, Gupta SK, Mathur R, Saxena R, Mathur S, Agarwal R, Nag TC, Srivastava S, Kumar P. Zingiber officinale attenuates retinal microvascular changes in diabetic rats via anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic mechanisms. Mol Vis 2016; 22:599-609. [PMID: 27293376 PMCID: PMC4898299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy is a common microvascular complication of long-standing diabetes. Several complex interconnecting biochemical pathways are activated in response to hyperglycemia. These pathways culminate into proinflammatory and angiogenic effects that bring about structural and functional damage to the retinal vasculature. Since Zingiber officinale (ginger) is known for its anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties, we investigated the effects of its extract standardized to 5% 6-gingerol, the major active constituent of ginger, in attenuating retinal microvascular changes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS Diabetic rats were treated orally with the vehicle or the ginger extract (75 mg/kg/day) over a period of 24 weeks along with regular monitoring of bodyweight and blood glucose and weekly fundus photography. At the end of the 24-week treatment, the retinas were isolated for histopathological examination under a light microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and determination of the retinal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. RESULTS Oral administration of the ginger extract resulted in significant reduction of hyperglycemia, the diameter of the retinal vessels, and vascular basement membrane thickness. Improvement in the architecture of the retinal vasculature was associated with significantly reduced expression of NF-κB and reduced activity of TNF-α and VEGF in the retinal tissue in the ginger extract-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group. CONCLUSIONS The current study showed that ginger extract containing 5% of 6-gingerol attenuates the retinal microvascular changes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes through anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic actions. Although precise molecular targets remain to be determined, 6-gingerol seems to be a potential candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirish Dongare
- Ocular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh K Gupta
- Ocular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajani Mathur
- Ocular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Saxena
- Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Renu Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tapas C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Srivastava
- Ocular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
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Antony P, Vijayan R. Acetogenins from Annona muricata as potential inhibitors of antiapoptotic proteins: a molecular modeling study. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1399-410. [PMID: 27110097 PMCID: PMC4835113 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s103216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly regulated process crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and development. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins play a crucial role in regulating apoptosis. Overexpressed Bcl-2 proteins are associated with the development and progression of several human cancers. Annona muricata is a tropical plant that belongs to the Annonaceae family and is well known for its anticancer properties. In this study, molecular docking and simulations were performed to investigate the inhibitory potential of phytochemicals present in A. muricata against antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family including Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-Xl), and Mcl-1. Docking results revealed that the acetogenins, such as annomuricin A, annohexocin, muricatocin A, annomuricin-D-one, and muricatetrocin A/B, exhibited strong binding interactions with Bcl-Xl when compared to Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Binding score and interactions of these acetogenins were notably better than those of currently available synthetic and natural inhibitors. Molecular dynamics simulations of the top-scoring lead molecules established that these molecules could bind strongly and consistently in the active site of Bcl-Xl. These results suggest that acetogenins could be explored as selective natural inhibitors of Bcl-Xl that could assist in promoting the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Antony
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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