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Cai Y, Han Z, Cheng H, Li H, Wang K, Chen J, Liu ZX, Xie Y, Lin Y, Zhou S, Wang S, Zhou X, Jin S. The impact of ageing mechanisms on musculoskeletal system diseases in the elderly. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1405621. [PMID: 38774874 PMCID: PMC11106385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1405621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is an inevitable process that affects various tissues and organs of the human body, leading to a series of physiological and pathological changes. Mechanisms such as telomere depletion, stem cell depletion, macrophage dysfunction, and cellular senescence gradually manifest in the body, significantly increasing the incidence of diseases in elderly individuals. These mechanisms interact with each other, profoundly impacting the quality of life of older adults. As the ageing population continues to grow, the burden on the public health system is expected to intensify. Globally, the prevalence of musculoskeletal system diseases in elderly individuals is increasing, resulting in reduced limb mobility and prolonged suffering. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of ageing and their interplay while exploring their impact on diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. By delving into the mechanisms of ageing, further research can be conducted to prevent and mitigate its effects, with the ultimate goal of alleviating the suffering of elderly patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Cai
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Chen
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Liu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulong Xie
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuwei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Zhang C, Gordon MD, Joseph KM, Diaz‐Hernandez ME, Drissi H, Illien‐Jünger S. Differential efficacy of two small molecule PHLPP inhibitors to promote nucleus Pulposus cell health. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1306. [PMID: 38222816 PMCID: PMC10782076 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with chronic back pain. We previously demonstrated that the phosphatase pleckstrin homology domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) 1 was positively correlated with IVD degeneration and its deficiency decelerated IVD degeneration in both mouse IVDs and human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Small molecule PHLPP inhibitors may offer a translatable method to alleviate IVD degeneration. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of the two PHLPP inhibitors NSC117079 and NSC45586 in promoting a healthy NP phenotype. Methods Tail IVDs of 5-month-old wildtype mice were collected and treated with NSC117079 or NSC45586 under low serum conditions ex vivo. Hematoxylin & eosin staining was performed to examine IVD structure and NP cell morphology. The expression of KRT19 was analyzed through immunohistochemistry. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Human NP cells were obtained from patients with IVD degeneration. The gene expression of KRT19, ACAN, SOX9, and MMP13 was analyzed via real time qPCR, and AKT phosphorylation and the protein expression of FOXO1 was analyzed via immunoblot. Results In a mouse IVD organ culture model, NSC45586, but not NSC117079, preserved vacuolated notochordal cell morphology and KRT19 expression while suppressing cell apoptosis, counteracting the degenerative changes induced by serum deprivation, especially in males. Likewise, in degenerated human NP cells, NSC45586 increased cell viability and the expression of KRT19, ACAN, and SOX9 and reducing the expression of MMP13, while NSC117079 treatment only increased KRT19 expression. Mechanistically, NSC45586 treatment increased FOXO1 protein expression in NP cells, and inhibiting FOXO1 offset NSC45586-induced regenerative potential, especially in males. Conclusions Our study indicates that NSC45586 was effective in promoting NP cell health, especially in males, suggesting that PHLPP plays a key role in NP cell homeostasis and that NSC45586 might be a potential drug candidate in treating IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Madeleine D. Gordon
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Katherine M. Joseph
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Atlanta VA Health Care SystemDecaturGeorgiaUSA
| | - Svenja Illien‐Jünger
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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3
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Gao P, Pan X, Wang S, Guo S, Dong Z, Wang Z, Liang X, Chen Y, Fang F, Yang L, Huang J, Zhang C, Li C, Luo Y, Peng S, Xu F. Identification of the transcriptome signatures and immune-inflammatory responses in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23675. [PMID: 38187229 PMCID: PMC10770509 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common type of osteoporosis in women. To date, little is known about their transcriptome signatures, although biomarkers from peripheral blood mononuclear cells are attractive for postmenopausal osteoporosis diagnoses. Here, we performed bulk RNA sequencing of 206 samples (124 postmenopausal osteoporosis and 82 normal samples) and described the clinical phenotypic characteristics of postmenopausal women. We then highlighted the gene set enrichment analyses between the extreme T-score group and the heathy control group, revealing that some immune-inflammatory responses were enhanced in postmenopausal osteoporosis, with representative pathways including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (NES = 1.6, FDR <0.11) pathway and B_CELL_RECEPTOR (NES = 1.69, FDR <0.15) pathway. Finally, we developed a combined risk prediction model based on lasso-logistic regression to predict postmenopausal osteoporosis, which combined eleven genes (PTGS2, CXCL16, NECAP1, RPS23, SSR3, CD74, IL4R, BTBD2, PIGS, LILRA2, MAP3K11) and three pieces of clinical information (age, procollagen I N-terminal propeptide, β isomer of C-terminal telopeptide of type I) and provided the best prediction ability (AUC = 0.97). Taken together, this study filled a gap in the large-scale transcriptome signature profiles and revealed the close relationship between immune-inflammatory responses and postmenopausal osteoporosis, providing a unique perspective for understanding the occurrence and development of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI Cell, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiaoguang Pan
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Sijia Guo
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Zhefeng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Yan Chen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Fang Fang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ling Yang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jinrong Huang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | | | - Conghui Li
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Yonglun Luo
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Songlin Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengping Xu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI Cell, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
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Karkache IY, Molstad DHH, Vu E, Jensen ED, Bradley EW. Phlpp1 Expression in Osteoblasts Plays a Modest Role in Bone Homeostasis. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10806. [PMID: 38130760 PMCID: PMC10731110 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior work demonstrated that Phlpp1 deficiency alters limb length and bone mass, but the cell types involved and requirement of Phlpp1 for this effect were unclear. To understand the function of Phlpp1 within bone-forming osteoblasts, we crossed Phlpp1 floxed mice with mice harboring type 1 collagen (Col1a12.3kb)-Cre. Mineralization of bone marrow stromal cell cultures derived from Phlpp1 cKOCol1a1 was unchanged, but levels of inflammatory genes (eg, Ifng, Il6, Ccl8) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratios were enhanced by either Phlpp1 ablation or chemical inhibition. Micro-computed tomography of the distal femur and L5 vertebral body of 12-week-old mice revealed no alteration in bone volume per total volume, but compromised femoral bone microarchitecture within Phlpp1 cKOCol1a1 conditional knockout females. Bone histomorphometry of the proximal tibia documented no changes in osteoblast or osteoclast number per bone surface but slight reductions in osteoclast surface per bone surface. Overall, our data show that deletion of Phlpp1 in type 1 collagen-expressing cells does not significantly alter attainment of peak bone mass of either males or females, but may enhance inflammatory gene expression and the ratio of RANKL/OPG. Future studies examining the role of Phlpp1 within models of advanced age, inflammation, or osteocytes, as well as functional redundancy with the related Phlpp2 isoform are warranted. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Y Karkache
- Department of OrthopedicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
- College of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - David HH Molstad
- Department of OrthopedicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Elizabeth Vu
- Department of OrthopedicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | | | - Elizabeth W Bradley
- Department of OrthopedicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
- College of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryStem Cell Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
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Kaya S, Alliston T, Evans DS. Genetic and Gene Expression Resources for Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Research. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:637-649. [PMID: 37831357 PMCID: PMC11098148 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The integration of data from multiple genomic assays from humans and non-human model organisms is an effective approach to identify genes involved in skeletal fragility and fracture risk due to osteoporosis and other conditions. This review summarizes genome-wide genetic variation and gene expression data resources relevant to the discovery of genes contributing to skeletal fragility and fracture risk. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of osteoporosis-related traits are summarized, in addition to gene expression in bone tissues in humans and non-human organisms, with a focus on rodent models related to skeletal fragility and fracture risk. Gene discovery approaches using these genomic data resources are described. We also describe the Musculoskeletal Knowledge Portal (MSKKP) that integrates much of the available genomic data relevant to fracture risk. The available genomic resources provide a wealth of knowledge and can be analyzed to identify genes related to fracture risk. Genomic resources that would fill particular scientific gaps are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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He X, Hu W, Zhang Y, Chen M, Ding Y, Yang H, He F, Gu Q, Shi Q. Cellular senescence in skeletal disease: mechanisms and treatment. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:88. [PMID: 37891477 PMCID: PMC10612178 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system supports the movement of the entire body and provides blood production while acting as an endocrine organ. With aging, the balance of bone homeostasis is disrupted, leading to bone loss and degenerative diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration. Skeletal diseases have a profound impact on the motor and cognitive abilities of the elderly, thus creating a major challenge for both global health and the economy. Cellular senescence is caused by various genotoxic stressors and results in permanent cell cycle arrest, which is considered to be the underlying mechanism of aging. During aging, senescent cells (SnCs) tend to aggregate in the bone and trigger chronic inflammation by releasing senescence-associated secretory phenotypic factors. Multiple signalling pathways are involved in regulating cellular senescence in bone and bone marrow microenvironments. Targeted SnCs alleviate age-related degenerative diseases. However, the association between senescence and age-related diseases remains unclear. This review summarises the fundamental role of senescence in age-related skeletal diseases, highlights the signalling pathways that mediate senescence, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies for targeting SnCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mimi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Children Hospital of Soochow University, No. 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Ding
- Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Copper Mountain Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaoli Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214026, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Remark LH, Leclerc K, Ramsukh M, Lin Z, Lee S, Dharmalingam B, Gillinov L, Nayak VV, El Parente P, Sambon M, Atria PJ, Ali MAE, Witek L, Castillo AB, Park CY, Adams RH, Tsirigos A, Morgani SM, Leucht P. Loss of Notch signaling in skeletal stem cells enhances bone formation with aging. Bone Res 2023; 11:50. [PMID: 37752132 PMCID: PMC10522593 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) perform bone maintenance and repair. With age, they produce fewer osteoblasts and more adipocytes leading to a loss of skeletal integrity. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this detrimental transformation are largely unknown. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Notch signaling becomes elevated in SSPCs during aging. To examine the role of increased Notch activity, we deleted Nicastrin, an essential Notch pathway component, in SSPCs in vivo. Middle-aged conditional knockout mice displayed elevated SSPC osteo-lineage gene expression, increased trabecular bone mass, reduced bone marrow adiposity, and enhanced bone repair. Thus, Notch regulates SSPC cell fate decisions, and moderating Notch signaling ameliorates the skeletal aging phenotype, increasing bone mass even beyond that of young mice. Finally, we identified the transcription factor Ebf3 as a downstream mediator of Notch signaling in SSPCs that is dysregulated with aging, highlighting it as a promising therapeutic target to rejuvenate the aged skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey H Remark
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Leclerc
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malissa Ramsukh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziyan Lin
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Backialakshmi Dharmalingam
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lauren Gillinov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vasudev V Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paulo El Parente
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaux Sambon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pablo J Atria
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed A E Ali
- Department of Pathology, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Alesha B Castillo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Department of Pathology, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophie M Morgani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Leucht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Kaur J, Saul D, Doolittle ML, Farr JN, Khosla S, Monroe DG. MicroRNA- 19a- 3p Decreases with Age in Mice and Humans and Inhibits Osteoblast Senescence. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10745. [PMID: 37283656 PMCID: PMC10241091 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for most chronic diseases, including osteoporosis, and is characterized by an accumulation of senescent cells in various tissues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of bone aging and cellular senescence. Here, we report that miR-19a-3p decreases with age in bone samples from mice as well as in posterior iliac crest bone biopsies of younger versus older healthy women. miR-19a-3p also decreased in mouse bone marrow stromal cells following induction of senescence using etoposide, H2O2, or serial passaging. To explore the transcriptomic effects of miR-19a-3p, we performed RNA sequencing of mouse calvarial osteoblasts transfected with control or miR-19a-3p mimics and found that miR-19a-3p overexpression significantly altered the expression of various senescence, senescence-associated secretory phenotype-related, and proliferation genes. Specifically, miR-19a-3p overexpression in nonsenescent osteoblasts significantly suppressed p16 Ink4a and p21 Cip1 gene expression and increased their proliferative capacity. Finally, we established a novel senotherapeutic role for this miRNA by treating miR-19a-3p expressing cells with H2O2 to induce senescence. Interestingly, these cells exhibited lower p16 Ink4a and p21 Cip1 expression, increased proliferation-related gene expression, and reduced SA-β-Gal+ cells. Our results thus establish that miR-19a-3p is a senescence-associated miRNA that decreases with age in mouse and human bones and is a potential senotherapeutic target for age-related bone loss. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japneet Kaur
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMNUSA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Dominik Saul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMNUSA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Madison L. Doolittle
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMNUSA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Joshua N. Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMNUSA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMNUSA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - David G. Monroe
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMNUSA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
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9
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Abstract
Changes in bone architecture and metabolism with aging increase the likelihood of osteoporosis and fracture. Age-onset osteoporosis is multifactorial, with contributory extrinsic and intrinsic factors including certain medical problems, specific prescription drugs, estrogen loss, secondary hyperparathyroidism, microenvironmental and cellular alterations in bone tissue, and mechanical unloading or immobilization. At the histological level, there are changes in trabecular and cortical bone as well as marrow cellularity, lineage switching of mesenchymal stem cells to an adipogenic fate, inadequate transduction of signals during skeletal loading, and predisposition toward senescent cell accumulation with production of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Cumulatively, these changes result in bone remodeling abnormalities that over time cause net bone loss typically seen in older adults. Age-related osteoporosis is a geriatric syndrome due to the multiple etiologies that converge upon the skeleton to produce the ultimate phenotypic changes that manifest as bone fragility. Bone tissue is dynamic but with tendencies toward poor osteoblastic bone formation and relative osteoclastic bone resorption with aging. Interactions with other aging physiologic systems, such as muscle, may also confer detrimental effects on the aging skeleton. Conversely, individuals who maintain their BMD experience a lower risk of fractures, disability, and mortality, suggesting that this phenotype may be a marker of successful aging. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4355-4386, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Endocrinology, and Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,The Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and the Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Babu LK, Ghosh D. Looking at Mountains: Role of Sustained Hypoxia in Regulating Bone Mineral Homeostasis in Relation to Wnt Pathway and Estrogen. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-022-09283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Canalis E, Yee SP, Economides AN, Schilling L, Yu J. Induction of a NOTCH3 Lehman syndrome mutation in osteocytes causes osteopenia in male C57BL/6J mice. Bone 2022; 162:116476. [PMID: 35760307 PMCID: PMC10870228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lateral Meningocele or Lehman Syndrome (LMS) is associated with NOTCH3 mutations causing deletions of the PEST domain and a gain-of-NOTCH3 function. We demonstrated that Notch3em1Ecan mice harboring Notch3 mutations analogous to those found in LMS are osteopenic because of enhanced bone resorption. To determine the contribution of specific cell lineages to the phenotype, we created a conditional-by-inversion (Notch3COIN) model termed Notch3em2Ecan in which Cre recombination generates a Notch3INV allele expressing a NOTCH3 mutant lacking the PEST domain. Germ line Notch3COIN inversion caused osteopenia and phenocopied the Notch3em1Ecan mutant, validating the model. To induce the mutation in osteocytes, smooth muscle and endothelial cells, Notch3COIN mice were bred with mice expressing Cre from the Dmp1, Sm22a and Cdh5 promoters, respectively, creating experimental mice harboring Notch3INV alleles in Cre-expressing cells and control littermates harboring Notch3COIN alleles. Notch3COIN inversion in osteocytes led to femoral and vertebral cancellous bone osteopenia, whereas Notch3COIN inversion in mural Sm22a or endothelial Cdh5-expressing cells did not result in a skeletal phenotype. In conclusion, introduction of the LMS mutation in osteocytes but not in vascular cells causes osteopenia and phenocopies Notch3em1Ecan global mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States.
| | - S P Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - A N Economides
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10531, United States
| | - L Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - J Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
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12
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Saul D, Kosinsky RL, Atkinson EJ, Doolittle ML, Zhang X, LeBrasseur NK, Pignolo RJ, Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ, Ikeno Y, Jurk D, Passos JF, Hickson LJ, Xue A, Monroe DG, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Farr JN, Khosla S. A new gene set identifies senescent cells and predicts senescence-associated pathways across tissues. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4827. [PMID: 35974106 PMCID: PMC9381717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cellular senescence drives multiple age-related co-morbidities through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, in vivo senescent cell identification remains challenging. Here, we generate a gene set (SenMayo) and validate its enrichment in bone biopsies from two aged human cohorts. We further demonstrate reductions in SenMayo in bone following genetic clearance of senescent cells in mice and in adipose tissue from humans following pharmacological senescent cell clearance. We next use SenMayo to identify senescent hematopoietic or mesenchymal cells at the single cell level from human and murine bone marrow/bone scRNA-seq data. Thus, SenMayo identifies senescent cells across tissues and species with high fidelity. Using this senescence panel, we are able to characterize senescent cells at the single cell level and identify key intercellular signaling pathways. SenMayo also represents a potentially clinically applicable panel for monitoring senescent cell burden with aging and other conditions as well as in studies of senolytic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Saul
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Madison L Doolittle
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Diana Jurk
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - João F Passos
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - LaTonya J Hickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ailing Xue
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David G Monroe
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joshua N Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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13
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Xue X, Li X, Yao J, Zhang X, Ren X, Xu S. Transient and Prolonged Activation of Wnt Signaling Contribute Oppositely to the Pathogenesis of Asherman's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158808. [PMID: 35955940 PMCID: PMC9368949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asherman’s Syndrome (AS) is caused by dysfunction of endometrial regenerative ability, which is controlled by adult stem cells and their niche. The Wnt signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be implicated in this process. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway and the progression of AS after initial endometrial damage. Endometria with and without adhesion as well as from the intrauterine devices three months after the surgery were collected to compare the area of fibrosis. The area% of fibrosis did not vary significantly. Significantly higher expression of non-phosphorylated β-catenin, Wnt5a and Wnt7a was identified in the endometria with adhesion. The CD140b+CD146+ endometrial stem-like cells were present in the endometria with adhesion. Both Wnt5a and Wnt7a promoted stem cell proliferation. However, only Wnt7a preserved stem cell population by stimulating self-renewal. A rat endometrial injury model was established to investigate the effect of the activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on endometrial healing. We found that a transient activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway promoted angiogenesis and increased the number of glands. In conclusion, transient activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during the acute endometrial damage may help the tissue regeneration, while prolonged activation may correlate to fibrosis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Jinmeng Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Xu Ren
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Abood A, Mesner L, Rosenow W, Al-Barghouthi BM, Horowitz N, Morgan EF, Gerstenfeld LC, Farber CR. Identification of Known and Novel Long Noncoding RNAs Potentially Responsible for the Effects of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Genomewide Association Study (GWAS) Loci. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1500-1510. [PMID: 35695880 PMCID: PMC9545622 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), is the most common complex disease affecting bone and constitutes a major societal health problem. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 1100 associations influencing BMD. It has been shown that perturbations to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) influence BMD and the activities of bone cells; however, the extent to which lncRNAs are involved in the genetic regulation of BMD is unknown. Here, we combined the analysis of allelic imbalance (AI) in human acetabular bone fragments with a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) colocalization analysis using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project to identify lncRNAs potentially responsible for GWAS associations. We identified 27 lncRNAs in bone that are located in proximity to a BMD GWAS association and harbor single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) demonstrating AI. Using GTEx data we identified an additional 31 lncRNAs whose expression was associated (false discovery rate [FDR] correction < 0.05) with BMD through TWAS and had a colocalizing eQTL (regional colocalization probability [RCP] > 0.1). The 58 lncRNAs are located in 43 BMD associations. To further support a causal role for the identified lncRNAs, we show that 23 of the 58 lncRNAs are differentially expressed as a function of osteoblast differentiation. Our approach identifies lncRNAs that are potentially responsible for BMD GWAS associations and suggest that lncRNAs play a role in the genetics of osteoporosis. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abood
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Larry Mesner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Will Rosenow
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Basel M Al-Barghouthi
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nina Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elise F Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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15
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Kaur J, Saul D, Doolittle ML, Rowsey JL, Vos SJ, Farr JN, Khosla S, Monroe DG. Identification of a suitable endogenous control miRNA in bone aging and senescence. Gene X 2022; 835:146642. [PMID: 35700807 PMCID: PMC9533812 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising tools as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in various chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, cancers, type I and II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Considering the rising interest in the regulatory role of miRNAs in bone metabolism, aging, and cellular senescence, accurate normalization of qPCR-based miRNA expression data using an optimal endogenous control becomes crucial. We used a systematic approach to select candidate endogenous control miRNAs that exhibit high stability with aging from our miRNA sequence data and literature search. Validation of miRNA expression was performed using qPCR and their comprehensive stability was assessed using the RefFinder tool which is based on four statistical algorithms: GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and comparative delta CT. The selected endogenous control was then validated for its stability in mice and human bone tissues, and in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) following induction of senescence and senolytic treatment. Finally, the utility of selected endogenous control versus U6 was tested by using each as a normalizer to measure the expression of miR-34a, a miRNA known to increase with age and senescence. Our results show that Let-7f did not change across the groups with aging, senescence or senolytic treatment, and was the most stable miRNA, whereas U6 was the least stable. Moreover, using Let-7f as a normalizer resulted in significantly increased expression of miR-34a with aging and senescence and decreased expression following senolytic treatment. However, the expression pattern for miR-34a reversed for each of these conditions when U6 was used as a normalizer. We show that optimal endogenous control miRNAs, such as Let-7f, are essential for accurate normalization of miRNA expression data to increase the reliability of results and prevent misinterpretation. Moreover, we present a systematic strategy that is transferrable and can easily be used to identify endogenous control miRNAs in other biological systems and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japneet Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dominik Saul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Madison L Doolittle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer L Rowsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephanie J Vos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Joshua N Farr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David G Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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16
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Singh A, Kumar A, Gondro C, Pandey AK, Dutt T, Mishra BP. Genome Wide Scan to Identify Potential Genomic Regions Associated With Milk Protein and Minerals in Vrindavani Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:760364. [PMID: 35359668 PMCID: PMC8960298 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.760364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted for identifying significantly associated genomic regions/SNPs with milk protein and minerals in the 96 taurine-indicine crossbred (Vrindavani) cows using 50K SNP Chip. After quality control, a total of 41,427 SNPs were retained and were further analyzed using a single-SNP additive linear model. Lactation stage, parity, test day milk yield and proportion of exotic inheritance were included as fixed effects in GWAS model. Across all traits, 13 genome-wide significant (p < 1.20 x 10−06) and 49 suggestive significant (p < 2.41 x 10−05) SNPs were identified which were located on 18 different autosomes. The strongest association for protein percentage, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) were found on BTA 18, 7, 2, 3, 14, and 2, respectively. No significant SNP was detected for manganese (Mn). Several significant SNPs identified were within or close proximity to CDH13, BHLHE40, EDIL3, HAPLN1, INHBB, USP24, ZFAT, and IKZF2 gene, respectively. Enrichment analysis of the identified candidate genes elucidated biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions involved in metal ion binding, ion transportation, transmembrane protein, and signaling pathways. This study provided a groundwork to characterize the molecular mechanism for the phenotypic variation in milk protein percentage and minerals in crossbred cattle. Further work is required on a larger sample size with fine mapping of identified QTL to validate potential candidate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Singh
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Kumar
| | - Cedric Gondro
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - A. K. Pandey
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Livestock Production and Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - B. P. Mishra
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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17
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Rauner M, Foessl I, Formosa MM, Kague E, Prijatelj V, Lopez NA, Banerjee B, Bergen D, Busse B, Calado Â, Douni E, Gabet Y, Giralt NG, Grinberg D, Lovsin NM, Solan XN, Ostanek B, Pavlos NJ, Rivadeneira F, Soldatovic I, van de Peppel J, van der Eerden B, van Hul W, Balcells S, Marc J, Reppe S, Søe K, Karasik D. Perspective of the GEMSTONE Consortium on Current and Future Approaches to Functional Validation for Skeletal Genetic Disease Using Cellular, Molecular and Animal-Modeling Techniques. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:731217. [PMID: 34938269 PMCID: PMC8686830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.731217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of large human datasets for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the advancement of sequencing technologies have boosted the identification of genetic variants in complex and rare diseases in the skeletal field. Yet, interpreting results from human association studies remains a challenge. To bridge the gap between genetic association and causality, a systematic functional investigation is necessary. Multiple unknowns exist for putative causal genes, including cellular localization of the molecular function. Intermediate traits ("endophenotypes"), e.g. molecular quantitative trait loci (molQTLs), are needed to identify mechanisms of underlying associations. Furthermore, index variants often reside in non-coding regions of the genome, therefore challenging for interpretation. Knowledge of non-coding variance (e.g. ncRNAs), repetitive sequences, and regulatory interactions between enhancers and their target genes is central for understanding causal genes in skeletal conditions. Animal models with deep skeletal phenotyping and cell culture models have already facilitated fine mapping of some association signals, elucidated gene mechanisms, and revealed disease-relevant biology. However, to accelerate research towards bridging the current gap between association and causality in skeletal diseases, alternative in vivo platforms need to be used and developed in parallel with the current -omics and traditional in vivo resources. Therefore, we argue that as a field we need to establish resource-sharing standards to collectively address complex research questions. These standards will promote data integration from various -omics technologies and functional dissection of human complex traits. In this mission statement, we review the current available resources and as a group propose a consensus to facilitate resource sharing using existing and future resources. Such coordination efforts will maximize the acquisition of knowledge from different approaches and thus reduce redundancy and duplication of resources. These measures will help to understand the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases towards defining new and more efficient therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Foessl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrine Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melissa M. Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Vid Prijatelj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nerea Alonso Lopez
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, CGEM, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bodhisattwa Banerjee
- Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Dylan Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ângelo Calado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleni Douni
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute for Bioinnovation, B.S.R.C. “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalia García Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nika M. Lovsin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xavier Nogues Solan
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Ostanek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nathan J. Pavlos
- Bone Biology & Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Marcus Research Institute, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Cong S, Feng J, Pan L, Zhu Y, Zhang A, Ma J. Transcriptome profiling of lncRNA and co-expression network in the vaginal epithelial tissue of women with lubrication disorders. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12485. [PMID: 34824921 PMCID: PMC8590395 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaginal lubrication is a crucial physiological response that occurs at the beginning of sexual arousal. However, research on lubrication disorders (LD) is still in its infancy, and the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the function of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of vaginal LD. Methods The expression profiles of LD and normal control (NC) lncRNAs were examined using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and eight selected differentially expressed lncRNAs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. We conducted GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses to determine the principal functions of significantly deregulated genes. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and the lncRNA transcription factors (TFs) were predicted. Results From the results, we identified 181,631 lncRNAs and 145,224 mRNAs in vaginal epithelial tissue. Subsequently, our preliminary judgment revealed a total of 499 up-regulated and 337 down-regulated lncRNAs in LD. The top three enriched GO items of the dysregulated lncRNAs included the following significant terms: “contractile fiber part,” “actin filament-based process,” and “contractile fiber”. The most enriched pathways were “cell-extracellular matrix interactions,” “muscle contraction,” “cell-cell communication,” and “cGMP-PKG signaling pathway”. Our results also showed that the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was a powerful platform for predicting lncRNA functions. We determined the three hub genes, ADCY5, CXCL12, and NMU, using PPI network construction and analysis. A total of 231 TFs were predicted with RHOXF1, SNAI2, ZNF354C and TBX15 were suspected to be involved in the mechanism of LD. Conclusion In this study, we constructed the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network, predicted the lncRNA TFs, and comprehensively analyzed lncRNA expression profiles in LD, providing a basis for future studies on LD clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Further research is also needed to fully determine lncRNA’s role in LD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Cong
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Feng
- High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University International Department, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianjun Pan
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Jiehua Ma
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
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19
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Karkache IY, Damodaran JR, Molstad DHH, Mansky KC, Bradley EW. Myeloid Lineage Ablation of Phlpp1 Regulates M-CSF Signaling and Tempers Bone Resorption in Female Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9702. [PMID: 34575866 PMCID: PMC8468863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior work demonstrated that Phlpp1 deficiency alters trabecular bone mass and enhances M-CSF responsiveness, but the cell types and requirement of Phlpp1 for this effect were unclear. To understand the function of Phlpp1 within myeloid lineage cells, we crossed Phlpp1 floxed mice with mice harboring LysM-Cre. Micro-computed tomography of the distal femur of 12-week-old mice revealed a 30% increase in bone volume per total volume of Phlpp1 female conditional knockouts, but we did not observe significant changes within male Phlpp1 cKOLysM mice. Bone histomorphmetry of the proximal tibia further revealed that Phlpp1 cKOLysM females exhibited elevated osteoclast numbers, but conversely had reduced levels of serum markers of bone resorption as compared to littermate controls. Osteoblast number and serum markers of bone formation were unchanged. In vitro assays confirmed that Phlpp1 ablation enhanced osteoclast number and area, but limited bone resorption. Additionally, reconstitution with exogenous Phlpp1 suppressed osteoclast numbers. Dose response assays demonstrated that Phlpp1-/- cells are more responsive to M-CSF, but reconstitution with Phlpp1 abrogated this effect. Furthermore, small molecule-mediated Phlpp inhibition enhanced osteoclast numbers and size. Enhanced phosphorylation of Phlpp substrates-including Akt, ERK1/2, and PKCζ-accompanied these observations. In contrast, actin cytoskeleton disruption occurred within Phlpp inhibitor treated osteoclasts. Moreover, Phlpp inhibition reduced resorption of cells cultured on bovine bone slices in vitro. Our results demonstrate that Phlpp1 deficiency within myeloid lineage cells enhances bone mass by limiting bone resorption while leaving osteoclast numbers intact; moreover, we show that Phlpp1 represses osteoclastogenesis and controls responses to M-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Y. Karkache
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (I.Y.K.); (J.R.D.); (D.H.H.M.)
| | - Jeyaram R. Damodaran
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (I.Y.K.); (J.R.D.); (D.H.H.M.)
| | - David H. H. Molstad
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (I.Y.K.); (J.R.D.); (D.H.H.M.)
| | - Kim C. Mansky
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental and Surgical Services, Institute for Virology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Elizabeth W. Bradley
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (I.Y.K.); (J.R.D.); (D.H.H.M.)
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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20
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Moon HH, Clines KL, O'Day PJ, Al-Barghouthi BM, Farber EA, Farber CR, Auchus RJ, Clines GA. Osteoblasts Generate Testosterone From DHEA and Activate Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1566-1579. [PMID: 33900658 PMCID: PMC8565089 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a complication of prostate cancer in up to 90% of men afflicted with advanced disease. Therapies that reduce androgen exposure remain at the forefront of treatment. However, most prostate cancers transition to a state whereby reducing testicular androgen action becomes ineffective. A common mechanism of this transition is intratumoral production of testosterone (T) using the adrenal androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) through enzymatic conversion by 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3βHSD and 17βHSD). Given the ability of prostate cancer to form blastic metastases in bone, we hypothesized that osteoblasts might be a source of androgen synthesis. RNA expression analyses of murine osteoblasts and human bone confirmed that at least one 3βHSD and 17βHSD enzyme isoform was expressed, suggesting that osteoblasts are capable of generating androgens from adrenal DHEA. Murine osteoblasts were treated with 100 nM and 1 μM DHEA or vehicle control. Conditioned media from these osteoblasts were assayed for intermediate and active androgens by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. As DHEA was consumed, the androgen intermediates androstenediol and androstenedione were generated and subsequently converted to T. Conditioned media of DHEA-treated osteoblasts increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production, and cell numbers of the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines C4-2B and LNCaP. DHEA did not induce AR signaling in osteoblasts despite AR expression in this cell type. We describe an unreported function of osteoblasts as a source of T that is especially relevant during androgen-responsive metastatic prostate cancer invasion into bone. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katrina L Clines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patrick J O'Day
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Emily A Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Endocrinology & Metabolism Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory A Clines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Endocrinology & Metabolism Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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21
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Yin C, Tian Y, Hu L, Yu Y, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Miao Z, Qian A. MACF1 alleviates aging-related osteoporosis via HES1. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6242-6257. [PMID: 34133068 PMCID: PMC8366449 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing-related osteoporosis is becoming an emerging threat to human health along with the ageing of human population. The decreased rate of osteogenic differentiation and bone formation is the major cause of ageing-related osteoporosis. Microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1) is an important cytoskeletal factor that promotes osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. However, the relationship between MACF1 expression and ageing-related osteoporosis remains unclear. This study has investigated the expression pattern of MACF1 in bone tissues of ageing-related osteoporosis patients and ageing mice. The study has further elucidated the mechanism of MACF1 promoting bone formation by inhibiting HES1 expression and activity. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of MACF1 on ageing-related osteoporosis and post-menopausal osteoporosis was evaluated through in situ injection of the MACF1 overexpression plasmid. The study supplemented the molecular mechanisms between ageing and bone formation, and provided novel targets and potential therapeutic strategy for ageing-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yin
- Lab for Bone MetabolismXi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health EngineeringKey Lab for Space Biosciences and BiotechnologyResearch Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems EngineeringNPU‐UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone MetabolismSchool of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
- Lab of Epigenetics and RNA TherapyDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Academician (Expert) WorkstationAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
- Translational Medicine Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone MetabolismXi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health EngineeringKey Lab for Space Biosciences and BiotechnologyResearch Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems EngineeringNPU‐UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone MetabolismSchool of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lifang Hu
- Lab for Bone MetabolismXi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health EngineeringKey Lab for Space Biosciences and BiotechnologyResearch Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems EngineeringNPU‐UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone MetabolismSchool of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics)School of PharmacyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zixiang Wu
- Lab for Bone MetabolismXi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health EngineeringKey Lab for Space Biosciences and BiotechnologyResearch Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems EngineeringNPU‐UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone MetabolismSchool of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Lab for Bone MetabolismXi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health EngineeringKey Lab for Space Biosciences and BiotechnologyResearch Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems EngineeringNPU‐UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone MetabolismSchool of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xue Wang
- Lab for Bone MetabolismXi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health EngineeringKey Lab for Space Biosciences and BiotechnologyResearch Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems EngineeringNPU‐UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone MetabolismSchool of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhiping Miao
- Lab for Bone MetabolismXi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health EngineeringKey Lab for Space Biosciences and BiotechnologyResearch Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems EngineeringNPU‐UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone MetabolismSchool of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone MetabolismXi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health EngineeringKey Lab for Space Biosciences and BiotechnologyResearch Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems EngineeringNPU‐UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone MetabolismSchool of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
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22
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Phlpp1 is induced by estrogen in osteoclasts and its loss in Ctsk-expressing cells does not protect against ovariectomy-induced bone loss. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251732. [PMID: 34143773 PMCID: PMC8213150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies demonstrated that deletion of the protein phosphatase Phlpp1 in Ctsk-Cre expressing cells enhances bone mass, characterized by diminished osteoclast activity and increased coupling to bone formation. Due to non-specific expression of Ctsk-Cre, the definitive mechanism for this observation was unclear. To further define the role of bone resorbing osteoclasts, we performed ovariectomy (Ovx) and Sham surgeries on Phlpp1 cKOCtsk and WT mice. Micro-CT analyses confirmed enhanced bone mass of Phlpp1 cKOCtsk Sham females. In contrast, Ovx induced bone loss in both groups, with no difference between Phlpp1 cKOCtsk and WT mice. Histomorphometry demonstrated that Ovx mice lacked differences in osteoclasts per bone surface, suggesting that estradiol (E2) is required for Phlpp1 deficiency to have an effect. We performed high throughput unbiased transcriptional profiling of Phlpp1 cKOCtsk osteoclasts and identified 290 differentially expressed genes. By cross-referencing these differentially expressed genes with all estrogen response element (ERE) containing genes, we identified IGFBP4 as potential estrogen-dependent target of Phlpp1. E2 induced PHLPP1 expression, but reduced IGFBP4 levels. Moreover, genetic deletion or chemical inhibition of Phlpp1 was correlated with IGFBP4 levels. We then assessed IGFBP4 expression by osteoclasts in vivo within intact 12-week-old females. Modest IGFBP4 immunohistochemical staining of TRAP+ osteoclasts within WT females was observed. In contrast, TRAP+ bone lining cells within intact Phlpp1 cKOCtsk females robustly expressed IGFBP4, but levels were diminished within TRAP+ bone lining cells following Ovx. These results demonstrate that effects of Phlpp1 conditional deficiency are lost following Ovx, potentially due to estrogen-dependent regulation of IGFBP4.
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23
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Liu D, He S, Chen S, Yang L, Yang J, Bao Q, Qin H, Zhao Y, Zong Z. Wnt/β-catenin signalling promotes more effective fracture healing in aged mice than in adult mice by inducing angiogenesis and cell differentiation. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211013223. [PMID: 33950750 PMCID: PMC10358591 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211013223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway differentially promotes fracture healing in aged and adult individuals. CatnbTM2Kem, Catnblox(ex3) and wild-type adult and aged mice were used in this study. The femur was electroporated through a hole with a diameter of 0.6 mm. On the 7th, 14th and 21st days after fracture establishment, repair of the femoral diaphyseal bone was examined using X-ray and CT, the levels of mRNAs related to Wnt/β-catenin signalling were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and angiogenesis and cell differentiation were observed using immunohistochemistry. The numbers of osteoclasts were determined by TRAP staining. Wnt/β-catenin activation accelerated fracture healing in adult mice, with more pronounced effects on aged mice. Compared with wild-type mice at the corresponding ages, Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation induced higher levels of angiogenesis and cell differentiation in aged mice than in adult mice and promoted fracture healing. The administration of medications targeting Wnt/β-catenin signalling to aged patients may accelerate fracture healing to a greater extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sihao He
- Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sixu Chen
- Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | - Hao Qin
- Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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24
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Chandra A, Rajawat J. Skeletal Aging and Osteoporosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073553. [PMID: 33805567 PMCID: PMC8037620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ maintained by tightly regulated mechanisms. With old age, bone homeostasis, which is maintained by an intricate balance between bone formation and bone resorption, undergoes deregulation. Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, cellular apoptosis, and cellular senescence are all responsible for this tissue dysfunction and the imbalance in the bone homeostasis. These cellular mechanisms have become a target for therapeutics to treat age-related osteoporosis. Genetic mouse models have shown the importance of senescent cell clearance in alleviating age-related osteoporosis. Furthermore, we and others have shown that targeting cellular senescence pharmacologically was an effective tool to alleviate age- and radiation-induced osteoporosis. Senescent cells also have an altered secretome known as the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which may have autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine function. The current review discusses the current and potential pathways which lead to a senescence profile in an aged skeleton and how bone homeostasis is affected during age-related osteoporosis. The review has also discussed existing therapeutics for the treatment of osteoporosis and rationalizes for novel therapeutic options based on cellular senescence and the SASP as an underlying pathogenesis of an aging bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chandra
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Aging Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-507-266-1847
| | - Jyotika Rajawat
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, University Rd, Babuganj, Hasanganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India;
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25
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Kerschan-Schindl K, Föger-Samwald U, Gleiss A, Kudlacek S, Wallwitz J, Pietschmann P. Circulating bioactive sclerostin levels in an Austrian population-based cohort. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2021; 134:39-44. [PMID: 33544208 PMCID: PMC8813720 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-021-01815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating serum sclerostin levels are supposed to give a good estimation of the levels of this negative regulator of bone mass within bone. Most studies evaluating total serum sclerostin found different levels in males compared to females and in older compared to younger subjects. Besides an ELISA detecting total sclerostin an ELISA determining bioactive sclerostin has been developed. The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of bioactive sclerostin in an Austrian population-based cohort. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in 235 healthy subjects. Using the bioactive ELISA assay (Biomedica) bioactive sclerostin levels were evaluated. Results Serum levels of bioactive sclerostin were higher in men than in women (24%). The levels correlated positively with age (r = 0.47). A positive correlation could also be detected with body mass index and bone mineral density. Conclusion Using the ELISA detecting bioactive sclerostin our results are consistent with data in the literature obtained by different sclerostin assays. The determination of sclerostin concentrations in peripheral blood thus appears to be a robust parameter of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kerschan-Schindl
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ursula Föger-Samwald
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gleiss
- Center of Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kudlacek
- Medizinische Abteilung, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacqueline Wallwitz
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Division Pharmacology, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Krems, Austria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Naot D, Watson M, Choi AJ, Musson DS, Callon KE, Zhu M, Gao R, Caughey W, Pitto RP, Munro JT, Horne A, Gamble GD, Dalbeth N, Reid IR, Cornish J. The effect of age on the microarchitecture and profile of gene expression in femoral head and neck bone from patients with osteoarthritis. Bone Rep 2020; 13:100287. [PMID: 32551338 PMCID: PMC7292911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing of the skeleton is characterised by decreased bone mineral density, reduced strength, and increased risk of fracture. Although it is known that these changes are determined by the activities of bone cells through the processes of bone modelling and remodelling, details of the molecular mechanisms that underlie age-related changes in bone are still missing. Here, we analysed age-related changes in bone microarchitecture along with global gene expression in samples obtained from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). We hypothesised that changes would be evident in both microarchitecture and gene expression and aimed to identify novel molecular mechanisms that underlie ageing processes in bone. Samples of femoral head and neck were obtained from patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for OA, who were either ≤60 years or ≥70 years of age. Bone microarchitecture was analysed in cores of trabecular bone from the femoral head (17 from the younger group and 18 from the older), and cortical bone from the femoral neck (25 younger/22 older), using a Skyscan 1172 microCT scanner (Bruker). Gene expression was compared between the two age groups in 20 trabecular samples from each group, and 10 cortical samples from each group, using Clariom S Human microarrays (ThermoFisher Scientific). We found no significant changes between the two age groups in indices of trabecular or cortical bone microarchitecture. Gene expression analysis identified seven genes that had higher expression in the older group, including the transcription factor EGR1 and the glucose transporter SLC2A3 (GLUT3), and 21 differentially expressed genes in cortical bone samples (P<0.05, fold change>2). However, none of the comparisons of gene expression had false discovery rate-adjusted P<0.1. In contrast to our working hypothesis, we found only minor differences in gene expression and no differences in bone microarchitecture between the two age-groups. It is possible that pathological processes related to OA provide protection against age-related changes in bone. Our study suggests that in patients with OA, the bone properties measured here in femoral head and neck do not deteriorate significantly from the sixth to the eighth decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maureen Watson
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ally J. Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David S. Musson
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Karen E. Callon
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mark Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ryan Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William Caughey
- Middlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland 1062, New Zealand
| | - Rocco P. Pitto
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jacob T. Munro
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Anne Horne
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Gregory D. Gamble
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ian R. Reid
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Yu J, Canalis E. Notch and the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function. Bone 2020; 138:115474. [PMID: 32526405 PMCID: PMC7423683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Notch 1 through 4 are transmembrane receptors that play a pivotal role in cell differentiation and function; this review addresses the role of Notch signaling in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Notch receptors are activated following interactions with their ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families. In the skeleton, Notch signaling controls osteoclast differentiation and bone-resorbing activity either directly acting on osteoclast precursors, or indirectly acting on cells of the osteoblast lineage and cells of the immune system. NOTCH1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis, whereas NOTCH2 enhances osteoclast differentiation and function by direct and indirect mechanisms. NOTCH3 induces the expression of RANKL in osteoblasts and osteocytes and as a result induces osteoclast differentiation. There is limited expression of NOTCH4 in skeletal cells. Selected congenital disorders and skeletal malignancies are associated with dysregulated Notch signaling and enhanced bone resorption. In conclusion, Notch signaling is a critical pathway that controls osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function and regulates skeletal homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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28
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Wang R, Lu A, Liu W, Yue J, Sun Q, Chen J, Luan H, Zhai Y, Li B, Jiang Z, Li Y. Searching for valuable differentially expressed miRNAs in postmenopausal osteoporosis by RNA sequencing. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:1183-1192. [PMID: 32429001 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic and chronic bone disease in women. In order to understand the pathological mechanism of postmenopausal osteoporosis, we aimed to find the potential differentially expressed miRNAs in the disease. METHODS Firstly, RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs, followed by the construction of the miRNA-target mRNA regulatory network. Then, Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to analyze the biological function of target mRNAs. Finally, electronic validation of identified differentially expressed miRNAs and target mRNAs was performed. RESULTS A total of 33 differentially expressed miRNAs (18 upregulated and 15 downregulated miRNAs) and 6820 miRNA-mRNA pairs were identified. Among which, seven miRNAs with high degree including hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-193b-3p, hsa-miR-125b-5p, hsa-miR-10b-5p, hsa-miR-100-5p and hsa-miR-30a-3p were obtained in the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. TGF-beta was the most significantly enriched signaling pathway of target mRNAs. The electronic validation result of hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-193b-3p, hsa-miR-10b-5p, hsa-miR-100-5p, hsa-miR-133b, hsa-miR-708-5p, CRK, RAB5C, CCND1 and PCYOX1 was consisted with the RNA sequencing analysis. CONCLUSION Dysfunctional miRNAs may play significant roles in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wangyan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Yue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Luan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongcai Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingnan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Calciolari E, Donos N. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Approaches for Studying Bone Regeneration in Health and Systemically Compromised Conditions. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900084. [PMID: 32131137 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex biological process, where the molecular mechanisms are only partially understood. In an ageing population, where the prevalence of chronic diseases with an impact on bone metabolism is increasing, it becomes crucial to identify new strategies that would improve regenerative outcomes also in medically compromised patients. In this context, omics are demonstrating a great potential, as they offer new insights on the molecular mechanisms regulating physiologic/pathologic bone healing and, at the same time, allow the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview on the current evidence on the use of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches in bone regeneration research, particularly in relation to type 1 diabetes and osteoporosis, and discusses future scenarios and potential benefits and limitations on the integration of multi-omics. It is suggested that future research will leverage the synergy of omics with statistical modeling and bioinformatics to prompt the understanding of the biology underpinning bone formation in health and medically compromised conditions. With an eye toward personalized medicine, new strategies combining the mining of large datasets and bioinformatic data with a detailed characterization of relevant phenotypes will need to be pursued to further the understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Calciolari
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK
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Identification of osteoclast-osteoblast coupling factors in humans reveals links between bone and energy metabolism. Nat Commun 2020; 11:87. [PMID: 31911667 PMCID: PMC6946812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling consists of resorption by osteoclasts followed by formation by osteoblasts, and osteoclasts are a source of bone formation-stimulating factors. Here we utilize osteoclast ablation by denosumab (DMAb) and RNA-sequencing of bone biopsies from postmenopausal women to identify osteoclast-secreted factors suppressed by DMAb. Based on these analyses, LIF, CREG2, CST3, CCBE1, and DPP4 are likely osteoclast-derived coupling factors in humans. Given the role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) in glucose homeostasis, we further demonstrate that DMAb-treated participants have a significant reduction in circulating DPP4 and increase in Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 levels as compared to the placebo-treated group, and also that type 2 diabetic patients treated with DMAb show significant reductions in HbA1c as compared to patients treated either with bisphosphonates or calcium and vitamin D. Thus, our results identify several coupling factors in humans and uncover osteoclast-derived DPP4 as a potential link between bone remodeling and energy metabolism. Anti-resorptive bone therapies also inhibit bone formation, as osteoclasts secrete factors that stimulate bone formation by osteoblasts. Here, the authors identify osteoclast-secreted factors that couple bone resorption to bone formation in healthy subjects, and show that osteoclast-derived DPP4 may be a factor coupling bone resorption to energy metabolism.
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31
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Romosozumab: a novel bone anabolic treatment option for osteoporosis? Wien Med Wochenschr 2019; 170:124-131. [PMID: 31858345 PMCID: PMC7098919 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-019-00721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Research into the drug romosozumab began with the investigation of patients with excess bone formation. The understanding of the wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway in bone metabolism identified the negative regulator of bone mass sclerostin as a potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Preclinical studies confirmed this idea because they showed that sclerostin antibodies have the potential to increase bone formation. Biochemical analyses of clinical studies showed a significant increase in bone formation markers, which then slowly decreased within a year. This was accompanied by a particularly initially pronounced decrease in bone resorption. This dual mechanism of action led to an increase in bone mineral density and a significant reduction in fracture risk. Clinical vertebral fractures decreased by between 28 and 36%, nonvertebral fractures shown in a post hoc analysis by 42%. Romosozumab is administered once a month in the form of two injections. At the puncture site, reactions occur in about 5%. The most significant side effects are cardiovascular. In phase III studies, the number of serious cardiovascular complications was not significantly, albeit numerically, higher than in the control group. In Japan, South Korea, Canada, Australia, and the USA, osteoporosis patients at a high risk of fracture may already be treated with romosozumab (Evenity). Approval in the European Union was granted by 2019-12-12.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of the review is to assess the appropriateness of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) for the primary prevention of bone loss in women at elevated risk in the early years after menopause. RECENT FINDINGS Estrogen alone or combined with progestin to protect the uterus from cancer significantly reduces the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. MHT increases type 1 collagen production and osteoblast survival and maintains the equilibrium between bone resorption and bone formation by modulating osteoblast/osteocyte and T cell regulation of osteoclasts. Estrogens have positive effects on muscle and cartilage. Estrogen, but not antiresorptive therapies, can attenuate the inflammatory bone-microenvironment associated with estrogen deficiency. However, already on second year of administration, MHT is associated with excess breast cancer risk, increasing steadily with duration of use. MHT should be considered in women with premature estrogen deficiency and increased risk of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures. However, MHT use for the prevention of bone loss is hindered by increase in breast cancer risk even in women younger than 60 years old or who are within 10 years of menopause onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Stepan
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Hruskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
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Farr JN, Rowsey JL, Eckhardt BA, Thicke BS, Fraser DG, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Monroe DG, Khosla S. Independent Roles of Estrogen Deficiency and Cellular Senescence in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis: Evidence in Young Adult Mice and Older Humans. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1407-1418. [PMID: 30913313 PMCID: PMC6697189 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is a seminal mechanism in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Mounting evidence, however, establishes that cellular senescence, a fundamental mechanism that drives multiple age-related diseases, also causes osteoporosis. Recently, we systematically identified an accumulation of senescent cells, characterized by increased p16Ink4a and p21Cip1 levels and development of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), in mouse bone/marrow and human bone with aging. We then demonstrated that elimination of senescent cells prevented age-related bone loss using multiple approaches, eg, treating old mice expressing a "suicide" transgene, INK-ATTAC, with AP20187 to induce apoptosis of p16Ink4a -senescent cells or periodically treating old wild-type mice with "senolytics," ie, drugs that eliminate senescent cells. Here, we investigate a possible role for estrogen in the regulation of cellular senescence using multiple approaches. First, sex steroid deficiency 2 months after ovariectomy (OVX, n = 15) or orchidectomy (ORCH, n = 15) versus sham surgery (SHAM, n = 15/sex) in young adult (4-month-old) wild-type mice did not alter senescence biomarkers or induce a SASP in bone. Next, in elderly postmenopausal women, 3 weeks of estrogen therapy (n = 10; 74 ± 5 years) compared with no treatment (n = 10; 78 ± 5 years) did not alter senescence biomarkers or the SASP in human bone biopsies. Finally, young adult (4-month-old) female INK-ATTAC mice were randomized (n = 17/group) to SHAM+Vehicle, OVX+Vehicle, or OVX+AP20187 for 2 months. As anticipated, OVX+Vehicle caused significant trabecular/cortical bone loss compared with SHAM+Vehicle. However, treatment with AP20187, which eliminates senescent cells in INK-ATTAC mice, did not rescue the OVX-induced bone loss or alter senescence biomarkers. Collectively, our data establish independent roles of estrogen deficiency and cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, which has important implications for testing novel senolytics for skeletal efficacy, as these drugs will need to be evaluated in preclinical models of aging as opposed to the current FDA model of prevention of OVX-induced bone loss. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Farr
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Rowsey
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brittany A Eckhardt
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brianne S Thicke
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel G Fraser
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G Monroe
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Maes C, Bouillon R, Martin TJ. Meeting report from the 3rd IFMRS/KU Leuven Herbert Fleisch Workshop, Brugge, Belgium, 17-19 March 2019. Bone 2019; 124:118-125. [PMID: 31034910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christa Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T John Martin
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Singhal V, Ackerman KE, Bose A, Flores LPT, Lee H, Misra M. Impact of Route of Estrogen Administration on Bone Turnover Markers in Oligoamenorrheic Athletes and Its Mediators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1449-1458. [PMID: 30476179 PMCID: PMC6435214 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transdermal, but not oral, estrogen replacement improves bone mineral density (BMD) in athletes with oligoamenorrhea (OA). Our objective was to determine mechanisms that may explain the impact of route of estrogen administration on bone outcomes. METHODS Seventy-three participants with OA between 14 and 25 years old received (i) a 17β-estradiol transdermal patch continuously with cyclic oral micronized progesterone (PATCH), (ii) a combined ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel pill (PILL), or (iii) no estrogen/progesterone (NONE) for 12 months. We evaluated morning fasting levels of a marker of bone formation [N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP)], a marker of bone resorption (N-telopeptide), IGF-1, insulinlike growth factor binding protein 3, total testosterone, estradiol, SHBG, sclerostin, preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), calcium, 25(OH) vitamin D, and PTH levels at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS Groups did not differ for age, weight, exercise activity, or markers of bone formation at baseline. Over 12 months, P1NP decreased the most in the PILL group (P = 0.03) associated with a decrease in IGF-1 levels (r = 0.37; P = 0.003). Sclerostin, Pref-1, and BDNF decreased in the PATCH group over 12 months. PATCH had the greatest increases in estradiol (P ≤ 0.0001), and estradiol increases were associated with increases in bone density. CONCLUSION Transdermal 17β-estradiol given over 12 months does not cause the decrease in IGF-1 observed with oral ethinyl estradiol. It also leads to decreases in sclerostin, Pref-1, and BDNF, which may mediate the beneficial effects of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Singhal
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, MassGeneral Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Vibha Singhal, MD, 101 Merrimac Street, Suite 615, Boston, Massachusetts 02114. E-mail:
| | - Kathryn E Ackerman
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Divisions of Sports Medicine and Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amita Bose
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Landy Paola Torre Flores
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, MassGeneral Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kuroiwa T, Matsumoto M, Kato R, Nimura A, Yoshii T, Okawa A, Fujita K. Activation of cancer-related and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in human mature osteoblasts isolated from patients with type 2 diabetes. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100199. [PMID: 30891471 PMCID: PMC6406057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease of glucose metabolism, and it adversely affects bone metabolism and increases the risk of cancer development. Previously, we reported a method for the direct isolation of human mature osteoblasts and indicated that osteoblasts were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus-related signaling pathways. In addition, a recent report suggested that osteoblasts are involved in glucose metabolism. Thus, we sought to examine the effects of diabetes on osteoblast signaling in vivo. We recruited eight patients with type 2 diabetes and eight non-diabetic individuals. We isolated human mature osteoblasts from the resected femoral heads during orthopaedic surgery and extracted their RNA. We compared the gene expression between the two groups by RNA microarray and pathway analyses. Microarray analysis showed significant differences in 885 of 19,463 genes between the two groups (p < 0.05), and pathway analysis revealed that pathways related to cancer and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway were significantly activated in the diabetes group (p < 0.01). These preliminary findings suggest that diabetes affects intracellular signaling in human mature osteoblasts and that osteoblasts might not only play a key role in the regulation of bone and glucose metabolism, but might also be related to cancer metabolism. We plan to conduct further studies to examine signaling in diabetic osteoblasts and to further investigate the genes and pathways identified here. Compared microarray data from in vivo DM and healthy control osteoblasts MAPK and cancer-related signaling genes were enriched in DM osteoblasts. DM may increase cancer risk by activating cancer-related pathways in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Bioengineering, Division of Biosciences, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Room 302, Pharmaceutical Sciences Building Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Bioengineering, Division of Biosciences, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Room 302, Pharmaceutical Sciences Building Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akimoto Nimura
- Department of Functional Joint Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yoshii
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Aquino-Martinez R, Farr JN, Weivoda MM, Negley BA, Onken JL, Thicke BS, Fulcer MM, Fraser DG, van Wijnen AJ, Khosla S, Monroe DG. miR-219a-5p Regulates Rorβ During Osteoblast Differentiation and in Age-related Bone Loss. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:135-144. [PMID: 30321475 PMCID: PMC6450079 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Developing novel approaches to treat skeletal disorders requires an understanding of how critical molecular factors regulate osteoblast differentiation and bone remodeling. We have reported that (1) retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor beta (Rorβ) is upregulated in bone samples isolated from aged mice and humans in vivo; (2) Rorβ expression is inhibited during osteoblastic differentiation in vitro; and (3) genetic deletion of Rorβ in mice results in preservation of bone mass during aging. These data establish that Rorβ inhibits osteogenesis and that strict control of Rorβ expression is essential for bone homeostasis. Because microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in bone, we explored whether a predicted subset of nine miRNAs regulates Rorβ expression during both osteoblast differentiation and aging. Mouse osteoblastic cells were differentiated in vitro and assayed for Rorβ and miRNA expression. As Rorβ levels declined with differentiation, the expression of many of these miRNAs, including miR-219a-5p, was increased. We further demonstrated that miR-219a-5p was decreased in bone samples from old (24-month) mice, as compared with young (6-month) mice, concomitant with increased Rorβ expression. Importantly, we also found that miR-219a-5p expression was decreased in aged human bone biopsies compared with young controls, demonstrating that this phenomenon also occurs in aging bone in humans. Inhibition of miR-219a-5p in mouse calvarial osteoblasts led to increased Rorβ expression and decreased alkaline phosphatase expression and activity, whereas a miR-219a-5p mimic decreased Rorβ expression and increased osteogenic activity. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-219a-5p physically interacts with Rorβ mRNA in osteoblasts, defining Rorβ as a true molecular target of miR-219a-5p. Overall, our findings demonstrate that miR-219a-5p is involved in the regulation of Rorβ in both mouse and human bone. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Aquino-Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joshua N Farr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Megan M Weivoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brittany A Negley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Onken
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brianne S Thicke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - McKenzie M Fulcer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel G Fraser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
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Gomez-Verjan JC, Vazquez-Martinez ER, Rivero-Segura NA, Medina-Campos RH. The RNA world of human ageing. Hum Genet 2018; 137:865-879. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Khosla S, Drake MT, Volkman TL, Thicke BS, Achenbach SJ, Atkinson EJ, Joyner MJ, Rosen CJ, Monroe DG, Farr JN. Sympathetic β1-adrenergic signaling contributes to regulation of human bone metabolism. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4832-4842. [PMID: 30153111 DOI: 10.1172/jci122151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from rodent studies indicates that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates bone metabolism, principally via β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs). Given the conflicting human data, we used multiple approaches to evaluate the role of the SNS in regulating human bone metabolism. METHODS Bone biopsies were obtained from 19 young and 19 elderly women for assessment of ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3 mRNA expression. We examined the relationship of β-blocker use to bone microarchitecture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT in a population sample of 248 subjects. A total of 155 postmenopausal women were randomized to 1 of 5 treatment groups for 20 weeks: placebo; propranolol, 20 mg b.i.d.; propranolol, 40 mg b.i.d.; atenolol, 50 mg/day; or nebivolol, 5 mg/day. We took advantage of the β1-AR selectivity gradient of these drugs (propranolol [nonselective] << atenolol [relatively β1-AR selective] < nebivolol [highly β1-AR selective]) to define the β-AR selectivity for SNS effects on bone. RESULTS ADRB1 and ADRB2, but not ADRB3, were expressed in human bone; patients treated clinically with β1-AR-selective blockers had better bone microarchitecture than did nonusers, and relative to placebo, atenolol and nebivolol, but not propranolol, reduced the bone resorption marker serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen (by 19.5% and 20.6%, respectively; P < 0.01) and increased bone mineral density of the ultradistal radius (by 3.6% and 2.9%; P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These 3 independent lines of evidence strongly support a role for adrenergic signaling in the regulation of bone metabolism in humans, principally via β1-ARs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02467400. FUNDING This research was supported by the NIH (AG004875 and AR027065) and a Mayo Clinic Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) (UL1 TR002377).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology
| | - Matthew T Drake
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology
| | - Tammie L Volkman
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology
| | - Brianne S Thicke
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology
| | | | | | - Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesia, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - David G Monroe
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology
| | - Joshua N Farr
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology
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40
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Chen D, Xie R, Shu B, Landay AL, Wei C, Reiser J, Spagnoli A, Torquati A, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, Sumner DR. Wnt signaling in bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue and interorgan interaction in aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1442:48-60. [PMID: 30101565 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, it has become increasingly apparent that Wnt signaling plays a critical role in development and adult tissue homeostasis in multiple organs and in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In particular, a crucial role for Wnt signaling in bone development and bone tissue homeostasis has been well recognized. Numerous genome-wide association studies confirmed the importance of Wnt signaling in controlling bone mass. Moreover, ample evidence suggests that Wnt signaling is essential for kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue development and homeostasis. Recent emerging evidence demonstrates that Wnt signaling may play a fundamental role in the aging process of those organs. New discoveries show that bone is not only the major reservoir for calcium and phosphate storage, but also the largest organ with multiple functions, including mineral and energy metabolism. The interactions among bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue are controlled and regulated by several endocrine signals, including FGF23, klotho, sclerostin, osteocalcin, vitamin D, and leptin. Since the aging process is characterized by structural and functional decline in almost all tissues and organs, understanding the Wnt signaling-related interactions among bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue in aging may shed light on the pathogenesis of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bing Shu
- Spine Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Changli Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna Spagnoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alfonso Torquati
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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41
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Impaired Wnt Signaling in the Prefrontal Cortex of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:873-891. [PMID: 29804228 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Wnt pathway is involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival, and alterations in Wnt signaling have previously been reported both in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study sought to evaluate Wnt signaling pathway interplay integrity across prefrontal lobe structures in AD patients compared to normal aging. Using the open-access BrainCloud™ database, 84 gene expression profiles and clustering effect were analyzed in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (PFC) across a time span of 21-78 years of age. Next, expression levels of the selected genes were investigated in post-mortem brain tissue from 30 AD patients and 30 age-matched controls in three interdependent brain areas of the PFC. Results were assessed in relation to Braak stage and cognitive impairment of the patients. We found a general age-related factor in Wnt pathway genes with a group of genes being closely interrelated in their expression across the time span investigated in healthy individuals. This interrelation was altered in the AD brains studied, as several genes presented aberrant transcription, even though not always being altered at protein levels. Noteworthy, beta(β)-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3β) showed a dynamic switch in protein levels and activity, especially in the orbitofrontal cortex and the medial frontal gyrus. A significant decrease in β-catenin protein levels were inversely associated with increased GSK3β tyrosine activating phosphorylation, in addition to downstream effects associated with disease progression and cognitive decline. This study is the first that comprehensively evaluates Wnt signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortical lobe structures of AD brains, in relation to age-related coordinated Wnt signaling changes. Our findings further support that increased kinase activity of GSK3β is associated with AD pathology in the PFC.
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42
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Farr JN, Weivoda MM, Nicks KM, Fraser DG, Negley BA, Onken JL, Thicke BS, Ruan M, Liu H, Forrest D, Hawse JR, Khosla S, Monroe DG. Osteoprotection Through the Deletion of the Transcription Factor Rorβ in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:720-731. [PMID: 29206307 PMCID: PMC5925424 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a clinical need to identify new molecular targets for the treatment of osteoporosis, particularly those that simultaneously inhibit bone resorption while stimulating bone formation. We have previously shown in overexpression studies that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor β (Rorβ) suppresses in vitro osteoblast differentiation. In addition, the expression of Rorβ is markedly increased in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with aging in both mice and humans. Here we establish a critical role for Rorβ in regulating bone metabolism using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies. We used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing to demonstrate that loss of Rorβ in osteoblasts enhances Wnt signaling, specifically through increased recruitment of β-catenin to T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (Tcf/Lef) DNA binding sites in the promoters of the Wnt target genes Tcf7 and Opg. This resulted in increased osteogenic gene expression and suppressed osteoclast formation through increased osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion in Rorβ-deficient cells. Consistent with our in vitro data, genetic deletion of Rorβ in both female and male mice resulted in preserved bone mass and microarchitecture with advancing age due to increased bone formation with a concomitant decrease in resorption. The improved skeletal phenotype in the Rorβ-/- mice was also associated with increased bone protein levels of TCF7 and OPG. These data demonstrate that loss of Rorβ has beneficial skeletal effects by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption, at least in part through β-catenin-dependent activation of the Wnt pathway. Thus, inhibition of Rorβ represents a novel approach to potentially prevent or reverse osteoporosis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Farr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Megan M Weivoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristy M Nicks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel G Fraser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brittany A Negley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Onken
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brianne S Thicke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ming Ruan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
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Abstract
Ageing leads to dramatic changes in the physiology of many different tissues resulting in a spectrum of pathology. Nonetheless, many lines of evidence suggest that ageing is driven by highly conserved cell intrinsic processes, and a set of unifying hallmarks of ageing has been defined. Here, we survey reports of age-linked changes in basal gene expression across eukaryotes from yeast to human and identify six gene expression hallmarks of cellular ageing: downregulation of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins; downregulation of the protein synthesis machinery; dysregulation of immune system genes; reduced growth factor signalling; constitutive responses to stress and DNA damage; dysregulation of gene expression and mRNA processing. These encompass widely reported features of ageing such as increased senescence and inflammation, reduced electron transport chain activity and reduced ribosome synthesis, but also reveal a surprising lack of gene expression responses to known age-linked cellular stresses. We discuss how the existence of conserved transcriptomic hallmarks relates to genome-wide epigenetic differences underlying ageing clocks, and how the changing transcriptome results in proteomic alterations where data is available and to variations in cell physiology characteristic of ageing. Identification of gene expression events that occur during ageing across distant organisms should be informative as to conserved underlying mechanisms of ageing, and provide additional biomarkers to assess the effects of diet and other environmental factors on the rate of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Frenk
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USA
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44
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Yuan X, Pei X, Zhao Y, Tulu US, Liu B, Helms JA. A Wnt-Responsive PDL Population Effectuates Extraction Socket Healing. J Dent Res 2018; 97:803-809. [PMID: 29420105 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518755719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells residing in the periodontal ligament (PDL) support the homeostasis of the periodontium, but their in vivo identity, source(s), and function(s) remain poorly understood. Here, using a lineage-tracing mouse strain, we identified a quiescent Wnt-responsive population in the PDL that became activated in response to tooth extraction. The Wnt-responsive population expanded by proliferation, then migrated from the PDL remnants that remained attached to bundle bone, into the socket. Once there, the Wnt-responsive progeny upregulated osteogenic protein expression, differentiated into osteoblasts, and generated the new bone that healed the socket. Using a liposomal WNT3A protein therapeutic, we showed that a single application at the time of extraction was sufficient to accelerate extraction socket healing 2-fold. Collectively, these data identify a new stem cell population in the intact periodontium that is directly responsible for alveolar bone healing after tooth removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yuan
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - X Pei
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Zhao
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,3 Department of Oral Basic Science, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - U S Tulu
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - B Liu
- 4 Ankasa Regenerative Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J A Helms
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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45
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Chen T, Li J, Córdova LA, Liu B, Mouraret S, Sun Q, Salmon B, Helms J. A WNT protein therapeutic improves the bone-forming capacity of autografts from aged animals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:119. [PMID: 29311710 PMCID: PMC5758817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autografts tend to be unreliable in older patients. Some of these age-related skeletal changes appear to be attributable to a decline in endogenous WNT signaling. We used a functional in vivo transplantation assay to demonstrate that the bone-forming capacity of an autograft can be traced back to a Wnt-responsive cell population associated with the mineralized bone matrix fraction of a bone graft. Micro-CT imaging, flow cytometry and quantitative analyses demonstrate that this mineralized fraction declines with age, along with a waning in endogenous Wnt signaling; together these factors contribute to the age-related deterioration in autograft efficacy. Using a lipid formulation to stabilize the hydrophobic WNT3A protein, we demonstrate that osteogenic capacity can be restored by incubating the bone graft ex vivo with WNT3A. Compared to control bone grafts, WNT-treated bone grafts give rise to three times more bone. These preclinical results establish a pivotal role for WNT signaling in the age-related decline of autologous bone grafting efficacy, and demonstrate a means to restore that efficacy via local, transient amplification of endogenous Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 400000, China.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jingtao Li
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610007, China
| | - Luis A Córdova
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Ankasa Regenerative Therapeutics, Inc. 329 Oyster Point Blvd. Suite 3306, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sylvain Mouraret
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 7 - Denis, Diderot University, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France
| | - Qiang Sun
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Dental School, EA2496, Montrouge, France and Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jill Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Ankasa Regenerative Therapeutics, Inc. 329 Oyster Point Blvd. Suite 3306, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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46
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Khosla S, Monroe DG. Regulation of Bone Metabolism by Sex Steroids. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a031211. [PMID: 28710257 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a significant public health problem, and a major cause of the disease is estrogen deficiency following menopause in women. In addition, considerable evidence now shows that estrogen is also a major regulator of bone metabolism in men. Since the original description of the effects of estrogen deficiency on bone by Fuller Albright more than 70 years ago, there has been enormous progress in understanding the mechanisms of estrogen and testosterone action on bone using human and mouse models. Although we understand more about the effects of estrogen on bone as compared with testosterone, both sex steroids do play important roles, perhaps in a somewhat compartment-specific (i.e., cancellous vs. cortical bone) manner. This review summarizes our current knowledge of sex steroid action on bone based on human and mouse studies, identifies both agreements and potential discrepancies between these studies, and suggests directions for future research in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - David G Monroe
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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47
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García-Velázquez L, Arias C. The emerging role of Wnt signaling dysregulation in the understanding and modification of age-associated diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2017. [PMID: 28624530 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a highly conserved pathway that participates in multiple aspects of cellular function during development and in adults. In particular, this pathway has been implicated in cell fate determination, proliferation and cell polarity establishment. In the brain, it contributes to synapse formation, axonal remodeling, dendrite outgrowth, synaptic activity, neurogenesis and behavioral plasticity. The expression and distribution of Wnt components in different organs vary with age, which may have important implications for preserving tissue homeostasis. The dysregulation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in age-associated diseases, such as cancer and some neurodegenerative conditions. This is a relevant research topic, as an important research avenue for therapeutic targeting of the Wnt pathway in regenerative medicine has recently been opened. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the regulation of Wnt components during aging, particularly in brain functioning, and the implications of Wnt signaling in age-related diseases.
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48
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Reppe S, Datta HK, Gautvik KM. Omics analysis of human bone to identify genes and molecular networks regulating skeletal remodeling in health and disease. Bone 2017; 101:88-95. [PMID: 28450214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is a metabolically active organ throughout life where specific bone cell activity and paracrine/endocrine factors regulate its morphogenesis and remodeling. In recent years, an increasing number of reports have used multi-omics technologies to characterize subsets of bone biological molecular networks. The skeleton is affected by primary and secondary disease, lifestyle and many drugs. Therefore, to obtain relevant and reliable data from well characterized patient and control cohorts are vital. Here we provide a brief overview of omics studies performed on human bone, of which our own studies performed on trans-iliacal bone biopsies from postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP) and healthy controls are among the first and largest. Most other studies have been performed on smaller groups of patients, undergoing hip replacement for osteoarthritis (OA) or fracture, and without healthy controls. The major findings emerging from the combined studies are: 1. Unstressed and stressed bone show profoundly different gene expression reflecting differences in bone turnover and remodeling and 2. Omics analyses comparing healthy/OP and control/OA cohorts reveal characteristic changes in transcriptomics, epigenomics (DNA methylation), proteomics and metabolomics. These studies, together with genome-wide association studies, in vitro observations and transgenic animal models have identified a number of genes and gene products that act via Wnt and other signaling systems and are highly associated to bone density and fracture. Future challenge is to understand the functional interactions between bone-related molecular networks and their significance in OP and OA pathogenesis, and also how the genomic architecture is affected in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjur Reppe
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo, Norway; Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Harish K Datta
- Pathology Department, Biochemistry Section, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kaare M Gautvik
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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49
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this paper is to evaluate critically the literature published over the past 3 years regarding the Wnt signaling pathway. The Wnt pathway was found to be involved in bone biology in 2001-2002 with the discovery of a (G171V) mutation in the lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) that resulted in high bone mass and another mutation that completely inactivated Lrp5 function and resulted in osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG). The molecular biology has been complex, and very interesting. It has provided many opportunities for exploitation to develop new clinical treatments, particularly for osteoporosis. More clinical possibilities include: treatments for fracture healing, corticosteroid osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and others. In addition, we wish to provide historical information coming from distant publications (~350 years ago) regarding bone biology that have been confirmed by study of Wnt signaling. RECENT FINDINGS A recent finding is the development of an antibody to sclerostin that is under study as a treatment for osteoporosis. Development of treatments for other forms of osteoporosis, such as corticosteroid osteoporosis, is also underway. The full range of the applications of the work is not yet been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Robert R Recker
- Creighton University, 601 N 30th St., Ste 4841, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA.
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50
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Galea GL, Lanyon LE, Price JS. Sclerostin's role in bone's adaptive response to mechanical loading. Bone 2017; 96:38-44. [PMID: 27742499 PMCID: PMC5340132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading is the primary functional determinant of bone mass and architecture, and osteocytes play a key role in translating mechanical signals into (re)modelling responses. Although the precise mechanisms remain unclear, Wnt signalling pathway components, and the anti-osteogenic canonical Wnt inhibitor Sost/sclerostin in particular, play an important role in regulating bone's adaptive response to loading. Increases in loading-engendered strains down-regulate osteocyte sclerostin expression, whereas reduced strains, as in disuse, are associated with increased sclerostin production and bone loss. However, while sclerostin up-regulation appears to be necessary for the loss of bone with disuse, the role of sclerostin in the osteogenic response to loading is more complex. While mice unable to down-regulate sclerostin do not gain bone with loading, Sost knockout mice have an enhanced osteogenic response to loading. The molecular mechanisms by which osteocytes sense and transduce loading-related stimuli into changes in sclerostin expression remain unclear but include several, potentially interlinked, signalling cascades involving periostin/integrin, prostaglandin, estrogen receptor, calcium/NO and Igf signalling. Deciphering the mechanisms by which changes in the mechanical environment regulate sclerostin production may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies that can reverse the skeletal structural deterioration characteristic of disuse and age-related osteoporosis and enhance bones' functional adaptation to loading. By enhancing the osteogenic potential of the context in which individual therapies such as sclerostin antibodies act it may become possible to both prevent and reverse the age-related skeletal structural deterioration characteristic of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Galea
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom.
| | - Lance E Lanyon
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna S Price
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
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