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Boonmee T, Sinpoo C, Thayatham K, Suanpoot P, Disayathanoowat T, Pettis JS, Chaimanee V. Atmospheric non-thermal plasma inactivation of Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honeybee. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1831. [PMID: 38246935 PMCID: PMC10800336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascosphaera apis is a worldwide pathogenic fungi of honeybees that can cause a decline in bee populations. In this study, we investigated the antifungal activity of non-thermal plasma on fungal growth. Spore inactivation after exposure to gas plasma by liquid phase and plasma activated water (PAW) and pathogenicity of A. apis in vivo were also examined. The results demonstrated that the mycelial growth of fungi was completely inhibited after argon plasma treatment. Both gas plasma and PAW exposures resulted in a significant decrease of A. apis spore numbers, maximum reduction of 1.71 and 3.18-fold, respectively. Germinated fungal spores on potato dextrose agar were also reduced after plasma treatment. SEM analysis revealed a disruption in the morphological structure of the fungal spores. The pathogenicity of A. apis on honeybee larvae was decreased after spores treated by gas plasma and PAW with a disease inhibition of 63.61 ± 7.28% and 58.27 ± 5.87%, respectively after 7 days of cultivation. Chalkbrood in honey bees have limited control options and our findings are encouraging. Here, we demonstrate a possible alternative control method using non-thermal plasma for chalkbrood disease in honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thummanoon Boonmee
- Department of Agro-Industrial Biotechnology, Maejo University Phrae Campus, Phrae, 54140, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Sinpoo
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Deep Technology in Beekeeping and Bee Products for Sustainable Development Goals (SMART BEE SDGs), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kunlada Thayatham
- Department of Agro-Industrial Biotechnology, Maejo University Phrae Campus, Phrae, 54140, Thailand
| | - Pradoong Suanpoot
- Department of Forest Industry Technology, Maejo University Phrae Campus, Phrae, 54140, Thailand
| | - Terd Disayathanoowat
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Deep Technology in Beekeeping and Bee Products for Sustainable Development Goals (SMART BEE SDGs), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Veeranan Chaimanee
- Department of Agro-Industrial Biotechnology, Maejo University Phrae Campus, Phrae, 54140, Thailand.
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Chiappim W, de Paula Bernardes V, Almeida NA, Pereira VL, Bragotto APA, Cerqueira MBR, Furlong EB, Pessoa R, Rocha LO. Effect of Gliding Arc Plasma Jet on the Mycobiota and Deoxynivalenol Levels in Naturally Contaminated Barley Grains. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5072. [PMID: 36981981 PMCID: PMC10049212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium meridionale are primary contaminants of barley, capable of producing several mycotoxins, mainly type B trichothecenes and zearalenone. Cold plasma decontamination has been gaining prominence, seeking to control the fungal and mycotoxin contamination of food and feed and to improve product quality. To reach this objective, the present study was divided into two parts. In the first part, F. meridionale and F. graminearum strains were exposed to gliding arc plasma jet (GAPJ). Cell viability tests showed the inactivation of F. meridionale after 15-min treatment, whereas F. graminearum showed to be resistant. In the second part, barley grains were treated by GAPJ for 10, 20, and 30 min, demonstrating a reduction of about 2 log CFU/g of the barley's mycobiota, composed of yeasts, strains belonging to the F. graminearum species complex, Alternaria, and Aspergillus. A decrease in DON levels (up to 89%) was observed after exposure for 20 min. However, an increase in the toxin Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) was observed in barley grains, indicating a conversion of DON to D3G.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chiappim
- Laboratory of Plasmas and Applications, Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Paula Bernardes
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos I, Departmento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Naara Aparecida Almeida
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos I, Departmento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Viviane Lopes Pereira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos I, Departmento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pavesi Arisseto Bragotto
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos I, Departmento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Badiale Furlong
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pessoa
- Laboratório de Plasmas e Processos, Departamento de Física, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos 12228-900, Brazil
| | - Liliana Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos I, Departmento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
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Epelle EI, Macfarlane A, Cusack M, Burns A, Okolie JA, Mackay W, Rateb M, Yaseen M. Ozone application in different industries: A review of recent developments. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2023; 454:140188. [PMID: 36373160 PMCID: PMC9637394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ozone - a powerful antimicrobial agent, has been extensively applied for decontamination purposes in several industries (including food, water treatment, pharmaceuticals, textiles, healthcare, and the medical sectors). The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to recent developments in the deployment of different ozone-based technologies for the decontamination of surfaces, materials and indoor environments. The pandemic has also highlighted the therapeutic potential of ozone for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, with astonishing results observed. The key objective of this review is to summarize recent advances in the utilisation of ozone for decontamination applications in the above-listed industries while emphasising the impact of key parameters affecting microbial reduction efficiency and ozone stability for prolonged action. We realise that aqueous ozonation has received higher research attention, compared to the gaseous application of ozone. This can be attributed to the fact that water treatment represents one of its earliest applications. Furthermore, the application of gaseous ozone for personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical device disinfection has not received a significant number of contributions compared to other applications. This presents a challenge for which the correct application of ozonation can mitigate. In this review, a critical discussion of these challenges is presented, as well as key knowledge gaps and open research problems/opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel I Epelle
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
- ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Macfarlane
- ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Cusack
- ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Burns
- ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, United Kingdom
| | - Jude A Okolie
- Gallogly College of Engineering, University of Oklahoma, USA
| | - William Mackay
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - Mostafa Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Yaseen
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
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Garvey M, Meade E, Rowan NJ. Effectiveness of front line and emerging fungal disease prevention and control interventions and opportunities to address appropriate eco-sustainable solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158284. [PMID: 36029815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens contribute to significant disease burden globally; however, the fact that fungi are eukaryotes has greatly complicated their role in fungal-mediated infections and alleviation. Antifungal drugs are often toxic to host cells and there is increasing evidence of adaptive resistance in animals and humans. Existing fungal diagnostic and treatment regimens have limitations that has contributed to the alarming high mortality rates and prolonged morbidity seen in immunocompromised cohorts caused by opportunistic invasive infections as evidenced during HIV and COVID-19 pandemics. There is a need to develop real-time monitoring and diagnostic methods for fungal pathogens and to create a greater awareness as to the contribution of fungal pathogens in disease causation. Greater information is required on the appropriate selection and dose of antifungal drugs including factors governing resistance where there is commensurate need to discover more appropriate and effective solutions. Popular azole fungal drugs are widely detected in surface water and sediment due to incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plants where they are resistant to microbial degradation and may cause toxic effects on aquatic organisms such as algae and fish. UV has limited effectiveness in destruction of anti-fungal drugs where there is increased interest in the combination approaches such as novel use of pulsed-plasma gas-discharge technologies for environmental waste management. There is growing interest in developing alternative and complementary green eco-biocides and disinfection innovation. Fungi present challenges for cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of reusable medical devices such as endoscopes where they (example, Aspergillus and Candida species) can be protected when harboured in build-up biofilm from lethal processing. Information on the efficacy of established disinfection and sterilization technologies to address fungal pathogens including bottleneck areas that present high risk to patients is lacking. There is a need to address risk mitigation and modelling to inform efficacy of appropriate intervention technologies that must consider all contributing factors where there is potential to adopt digital technologies to enable real-time analysis of big data, such as use of artificial intelligence and machine learning. International consensus on standardised protocols for developing and reporting on appropriate alternative eco-solutions must be reached, particularly in order to address fungi with increasing drug resistance where research and innovation can be enabled using a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland; Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Elaine Meade
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland; Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Neil J Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland; Centre for Decontamination, Sterilization and Biosecurity, Technological University of the Shannon Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland; Empower Eco Sustainability Hub, Technological University of the Shannon Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland.
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5
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Çetinkaya N, Pazarlar S, Paylan İC. Ozone treatment inactivates common bacteria and fungi associated with selected crop seeds and ornamental bulbs. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Sun P, Wu J, Lin X, Wang Y, Zhu J, Chen C, Wang Y, Jia H, Shen J. Effect of ozonated water, mancozeb, and thiophanate-methyl on the phyllosphere microbial diversity of strawberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:967797. [PMID: 36186019 PMCID: PMC9521403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.967797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phyllosphere microorganisms are closely linked to plant health. This study investigated the effect of ozonated water, mancozeb, and thiophanate-methyl on phyllosphere microorganisms in strawberry plants of the "Hongyan" variety. Sequencing analysis of the phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities was performed using 16S rRNA gene fragment and ITS1 region high-throughput sequencing after spraying ozonated water, mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, and clear water. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial phyla in strawberry. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria (82.71%) was higher in the ozonated water treatment group than in the other treatment groups, while the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (9.38%) was lower than in the other treatment groups. The strawberry phyllosphere fungal communities were mainly found in the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The relative abundance of Basidiomycota was highest in the ozonated water treatment group (81.13%), followed by the mancozeb treatment group (76.01%), while the CK group only had an abundance of 43.38%. The relative abundance of Ascomycota was lowest in the ozonated water treatment group (17.98%), 23.12% in the mancozeb treatment group, 43.39% in the thiophanate-methyl treatment group, and 55.47% in the CK group. Pseudomonas, Halomonas, and Nesterenkonia were the dominant bacterial genera on strawberry surfaces, while Moesziomyces, Aspergillus, and Dirkmeia were the dominant fungal genera. Ozonated water was able to significantly increase the richness of bacteria and fungi and decrease fungal diversity. However, bacterial diversity was not significantly altered. Ozonated water effectively reduced the relative abundance of harmful fungi, such as Aspergillus, and Penicillium, and enriched beneficial bacteria, such as Pseudomonas and Actinomycetospora, more effectively than mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl. The results of the study show that ozonated water has potential as a biocide and may be able to replace traditional agents in the future to reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Jinhua, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Jinhua, China
| | - Xianrui Lin
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Jinhua, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Jinhua, China
| | - Jianxi Zhu
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Jinhua, China
| | - Chenfei Chen
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanqiao Wang
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Jinhua, China
| | - Huijuan Jia
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Shen
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Jinhua, China
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7
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Inactivation of Penicillium expansum spores in apple juice by contact glow discharge electrolysis and its related mechanism. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Levinskaitė L, Vaičekauskytė V. Control of fungi isolated from cereals: variations in the susceptibility of fungal species to essential oils, ozone and
UV‐C. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viktorija Vaičekauskytė
- Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences University Studentų St 39 Vilnius Lithuania
- Vytautas Magnus University Educational Academy T. Ševčenkos St 31 Vilnius Lithuania
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9
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Priatama RA, Pervitasari AN, Park S, Park SJ, Lee YK. Current Advancements in the Molecular Mechanism of Plasma Treatment for Seed Germination and Plant Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4609. [PMID: 35562997 PMCID: PMC9105374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma has been used in various fields such as plasma medicine, agriculture, food safety and storage, and food manufacturing. In the field of plasma agriculture, plasma treatment improves seed germination, plant growth, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, allows pesticide removal, and enhances biomass and yield. Currently, the complex molecular mechanisms of plasma treatment in plasma agriculture are fully unexplored, especially those related to seed germination and plant growth. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the current progress in the application of the plasma treatment technique in plants, including plasma treatment methods, physical and chemical effects, and the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of low-temperature plasma treatment. Additionally, we have discussed the interactions between plasma and seed germination that occur through seed coat modification, reactive species, seed sterilization, heat, and UV radiation in correlation with molecular phenomena, including transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. This review aims to present the mechanisms underlying the effects of plasma treatment and to discuss the potential applications of plasma as a powerful tool, priming agent, elicitor or inducer, and disinfectant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryza A. Priatama
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 37 Dongjangsan-ro, Gunsan 54004, Korea; (R.A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Aditya N. Pervitasari
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
| | - Seungil Park
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 37 Dongjangsan-ro, Gunsan 54004, Korea; (R.A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Division of Biological Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Young Koung Lee
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 37 Dongjangsan-ro, Gunsan 54004, Korea; (R.A.P.); (S.P.)
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10
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Veerana M, Yu N, Ketya W, Park G. Application of Non-Thermal Plasma to Fungal Resources. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020102. [PMID: 35205857 PMCID: PMC8879654 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to being key pathogens in plants, animals, and humans, fungi are also valuable resources in agriculture, food, medicine, industry, and the environment. The elimination of pathogenic fungi and the functional enhancement of beneficial fungi have been the major topics investigated by researchers. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is a potential tool to inactivate pathogenic and food-spoiling fungi and functionally enhance beneficial fungi. In this review, we summarize and discuss research performed over the last decade on the use of NTP to treat both harmful and beneficial yeast- and filamentous-type fungi. NTP can efficiently inactivate fungal spores and eliminate fungal contaminants from seeds, fresh agricultural produce, food, and human skin. Studies have also demonstrated that NTP can improve the production of valuable enzymes and metabolites in fungi. Further studies are still needed to establish NTP as a method that can be used as an alternative to the conventional methods of fungal inactivation and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayura Veerana
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (M.V.); (N.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Nannan Yu
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (M.V.); (N.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Wirinthip Ketya
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (M.V.); (N.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (M.V.); (N.Y.); (W.K.)
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-940-8324
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11
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Pilot-scale generation of plasma processed air and its influence on microbial count, microbial diversity, and selected quality parameters of dried herbs. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Scholtz V, Jirešová J, Šerá B, Julák J. A Review of Microbial Decontamination of Cereals by Non-Thermal Plasma. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122927. [PMID: 34945478 PMCID: PMC8701285 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals, an important food for humans and animals, may carry microbial contamination undesirable to the consumer or to the next generation of plants. Currently, non-thermal plasma (NTP) is often considered a new and safe microbicidal agent without or with very low adverse side effects. NTP is a partially or fully ionized gas at room temperature, typically generated by various electric discharges and rich in reactive particles. This review summarizes the effects of NTP on various types of cereals and products. NTP has undisputed beneficial effects with high potential for future practical use in decontamination and disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Scholtz
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Jirešová
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Božena Šerá
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Jaroslav Julák
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 7, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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13
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Abstract
Nonthermal atmospheric pressure biocompatible plasma (NBP), alternatively called bio-cold plasma, is a partially ionized gas that consists of charged particles, neutral atoms and molecules, photons, an electric field, and heat. Recently, nonthermal plasma-based technology has been applied to bioscience, medicine, agriculture, food processing, and safety. Various plasma device configurations and electrode layouts has fast-tracked plasma applications in the treatment of biological and material surfaces. The NBP action mechanism may be related to the synergy of plasma constituents, such as ultraviolet radiation or a reactive species. Recently, plasma has been used in the inactivation of viruses and resistant microbes, such as fungal cells, bacteria, spores, and biofilms made by microbes. It has also been used to heal wounds, coagulate blood, degrade pollutants, functionalize material surfaces, kill cancers, and for dental applications. This review provides an outline of NBP devices and their applications in bioscience and medicine. We also discuss the role of plasma-activated liquids in biological applications, such as cancer treatments and agriculture. The individual adaptation of plasma to meet specific medical requirements necessitates real-time monitoring of both the plasma performance and the target that is treated and will provide a new paradigm of plasma-based therapeutic clinical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun H. Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897 Republic of Korea
| | - Han S. Uhm
- Canode # 702, 136-11 Tojeong-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04081 Republic of Korea
| | - Nagendra K. Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897 Republic of Korea
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14
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Kelar Tučeková Z, Vacek L, Krumpolec R, Kelar J, Zemánek M, Černák M, Růžička F. Multi-Hollow Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge for Bacterial Biofilm Decontamination. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040910. [PMID: 33572192 PMCID: PMC7916003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma-activated gas is capable of decontaminating surfaces of different materials in remote distances. The effect of plasma-activated water vapor on Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli biofilm contamination was investigated on the polypropylene nonwoven textile surface. The robust and technically simple multi-hollow surface dielectric barrier discharge was used as a low-temperature atmospheric plasma source to activate the water-based medium. The germicidal efficiency of short and long-time exposure to plasma-activated water vapor was evaluated by standard microbiological cultivation and fluorescence analysis using a fluorescence multiwell plate reader. The test was repeated in different distances of the contaminated polypropylene nonwoven sample from the surface of the plasma source. The detection of reactive species in plasma-activated gas flow and condensed activated vapor, and thermal and electrical properties of the used plasma source, were measured. The bacterial biofilm decontamination efficiency increased with the exposure time and the plasma source power input. The log reduction of viable biofilm units decreased with the increasing distance from the dielectric surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Kelar Tučeková
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (J.K.); (M.Z.); (M.Č.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-770-100-878
| | - Lukáš Vacek
- The Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (F.R.)
| | - Richard Krumpolec
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (J.K.); (M.Z.); (M.Č.)
| | - Jakub Kelar
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (J.K.); (M.Z.); (M.Č.)
| | - Miroslav Zemánek
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (J.K.); (M.Z.); (M.Č.)
| | - Mirko Černák
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (J.K.); (M.Z.); (M.Č.)
| | - Filip Růžička
- The Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (F.R.)
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15
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Electrically Charged Disinfectant Containing Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate Mesoscopic Crystals as a Potential Measure to Control Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris on Cabbage Seeds. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101606. [PMID: 33086675 PMCID: PMC7589059 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is an important seed-borne bacterial pathogen that causes black rot in brassica. Current seed disinfection methods for Xcc have disadvantages; chemical treatment has associated environmental risks, hot water immersion reduces germination, and dry heat treatment is protracted. Here, we treated Xcc-contaminated seeds with CAC-717, a recently developed disinfectant produced by applying an electric field and water flow to distilled water containing calcium hydrogen carbonate to produce mesoscopic crystals. The decimal reduction time (D-value) of Xcc suspension (8.22 log10 colony forming units (CFU)/mL) by CAC-717 treatment was 0.319 min. Treatment of Xcc-contaminated cabbage seeds at 25 °C for 30 min with CAC-717 significantly reduced bacterial cell numbers recovered from the seeds (0.36 log10 CFU/mL (SEM (standard error of the mean) = 0.23 log10 CFU/mL)) compared with distilled water treatment (3.52 log10 CFU/mL (SEM = 0.12 log10 CFU/mL)). Moreover, there was a lower incidence of black rot after treatment with CAC-717 (26.67% ± 3.33%) versus distilled water (56.67% ± 8.82%). For non-contaminated seeds, there was no significant difference in germination rate and plant stem length between distilled water and CAC-717 treatment after 5 days of cultivation. In conclusion, CAC-717 is a promising seed disinfectant without deleterious effects on germination or plant growth.
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16
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Wen G, Liang Z, Xu X, Cao R, Wan Q, Ji G, Lin W, Wang J, Yang J, Huang T. Inactivation of fungal spores in water using ozone: Kinetics, influencing factors and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116218. [PMID: 32726715 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungal contamination of drinking water sources is increasingly threatening the environment and human health. In this study, the inactivation of three genera of dominant fungi in drinking water sources using ozone was first reported. The inactivation of the fungal spores by ozone could be divided into two distinct stages: first a rapid reduction in survival, and then the inactivation at a slower rate. The secondary stage inactivation fitted the Chick-Watson model well, and there was no significant difference in the second-order inactivation rate constants of the three fungal spores (0.199-0.209 L mg-1 min-1). The inactivation rate constants of fungal spores by molecular ozone were much lower than those of viruses, which were equivalent to that of Cryptosporidium. The increase in pH and temperature showed a positive effect on the inactivation rate. Damage to cell membranes, leakage of intracellular compounds, and changes of reactive oxygen species and esterase activity in the spores were detected after inactivation. The results indicated that ozone inactivated fungal spores by firstly destroying cell walls and membranes and then causing the release of intracellular compounds. The fungicidal efficiency of ozone was superior to those of chlorine and chlorine dioxide. In addition, the inactivation efficiency of ozone on fungal spores in real water matrices was reduced to 50.7-91.2% of the efficiency in phosphate buffer. In conclusion, ozone showed high efficiency in the inactivation of fungal spores and could be used as an alternative disinfectant for fungal contamination in drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Zhiting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Xiangqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Qiqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Gang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Center for Separation and Purification Materials & Technologies, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
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17
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Wan Q, Wen G, Cao R, Zhao H, Xu X, Xia Y, Wu G, Lin W, Wang J, Huang T. Simultaneously enhance the inactivation and inhibit the photoreactivation of fungal spores by the combination of UV-LEDs and chlorine: Kinetics and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116143. [PMID: 32688151 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne fungi have been recognized as an emerging environmental contaminant in recent years. This work was to investigate the inactivation efficiency and mechanisms of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs)/chlorine (Cl2) (265, 280 and 265/280 nm combination) and LPUV/Cl2 (254 nm) treatments for three fungal species compared with individual disinfection processes. Control of photoreactivation for fungal species inactivated by UV-LEDs/Cl2 and LPUV/Cl2 was also evaluated. The results revealed that the combined UV-LEDs/Cl2 and LPUV/Cl2 processes, especially UV-LEDs/Cl2, exhibited better inactivation performance compared to UV alone and Cl2 alone based on the inactivation rate constants, and an evident synergistic effect was observed. For example, the inactivation rates for Penicillium polonicum in the processes of UV265/Cl2, UV280/Cl2, UV265/280/Cl2 and LPUV/Cl2 was 0.142, 0.168, 0.174 and 0.106 cm2/mJ, respectively, which were all approximately 1.5-fold higher than that of UV alone. The synergistic effect of fungal spores inactivation by UV-LEDs/Cl2 and LPUV/Cl2 was due to the high level production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the reaction of potential extracellular free radicals. Resistance of the tested fungal spores was as follows: Trichoderma harzianum < Penicillium polonicum < Aspergillus niger. In addition, the joint effect of DNA and other cellular damage resulted in the inhibition of photoreactivation of fungal spores inactivated by UV-LEDs/Cl2 and LPUV/Cl2 compared with that of fungal spore inactivated by UV alone. This study may provide reference for controlling the dissemination of waterborne fungi utilizing combined UV-LEDs and free chlorine processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Gang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Xiangqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Yuancheng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Gehui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
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18
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Non-Thermal Plasma Can Be Used in Disinfection of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seeds Infected with Fusarium oxysporum. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11080837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) non-thermal plasma for the disinfection of pine seed surfaces infected with Fusarium oxysporum spores. Artificially infected seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were treated with plasma for the following exposure times: 1 s, 3 s, 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 20 s, 30 s, and 60 s, and subsequently germinated on agar medium in Petri dishes at room temperature for the estimation of seed germination and disinfection effect of plasma treatment. Results of the treated samples were compared to the control samples, which were prepared as follows: seeds uninfected and non-treated with plasma (first control); seeds infected with F. oxysporum and non-treated with plasma (second control); and seeds infected with F. oxysporum, non-treated with plasma, but sterilized with 30% perhydrol (third control). Obtained results indicate that 3 s plasma treatment was an optimal time to inhibit F. oxysporum growth, and at the same time, increase the seed germination. In addition, our results are the first to show the practical application of non-thermal plasma in disinfecting infected Scots pine seeds and improving their germination. According to the results of this study, non-thermal plasma can serve as a seed surface disinfectant in the regeneration of different pine species.
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Song JS, Kim SB, Ryu S, Oh J, Kim DS. Emerging Plasma Technology That Alleviates Crop Stress During the Early Growth Stages of Plants: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:988. [PMID: 32760412 PMCID: PMC7373780 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Crops during their early growth stages are vulnerable to a wide range of environmental stressors; thus, earlier seed invigoration and seedling establishment are essential in crop production. As an alternative to synthetic chemical treatments, plasma technology could be one of the emerging technologies to enhance seed germination and seedling vigor by managing environmental stressors. Recent studies have shown its beneficial effects in various stress conditions, suggesting that plasma treatment can be used for early crop stress management. This paper reviewed the effects of different types of plasma treatments on plant responses in terms of the seed surface environment (seed scarification and pathogen inactivation) and physiological processes (an enhanced antioxidant system and activated defense response) during the early growth stages of plants. As a result, plasma treatment can enhance seed invigoration and seedling establishment by alleviating the adverse effects of environmental stressors such as drought, salinity, and pathogen infection. More information on plasma applications and their mechanisms against a broad range of stressors is required to establish a better plasma technology for early crop stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Seok Song
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Seong Bong Kim
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Ryu
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Oh
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Do-Soon Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microscopic fungi, which commonly contaminate cereal grains. Contamination of small-grain cereals and maize with toxic metabolites of fungi, both pathogenic and saprotrophic, is one of the particularly important problems in global agriculture. Fusarium species are among the dangerous cereal pathogens with a high toxicity potential. Secondary metabolites of these fungi, such as deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 are among five most important mycotoxins on a European and world scale. The use of various methods to limit the development of Fusarium cereal head diseases and grain contamination with mycotoxins, before and after harvest, is an important element of sustainable agriculture and production of safe food. The applied strategies utilize chemical and non-chemical methods, including agronomic, physical and biological treatments. Biological methods now occupy a special place in plant protection as an element of biocontrol of fungal pathogens by inhibiting their development and reducing mycotoxins in grain. According to the literature, Good Agricultural Practices are the best line of defense for controlling Fusarium toxin contamination of cereal and maize grains. However, fluctuations in weather conditions can significantly reduce the effectiveness of plants protection methods against infection with Fusarium spp. and grain accumulation of mycotoxins.
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21
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Adhikari B, Pangomm K, Veerana M, Mitra S, Park G. Plant Disease Control by Non-Thermal Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:77. [PMID: 32117403 PMCID: PMC7034391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Disease stresses caused by pathogenic microorganisms are increasing, probably because of global warming. Conventional technologies for plant disease control have often revealed their limitations in efficiency, environmental safety, and economic costs. There is high demand for improvements in efficiency and safety. Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma has demonstrated its potential as an alternative tool for efficient and environmentally safe control of plant pathogenic microorganisms in many studies, which are overviewed in this review. Efficient inactivation of phytopathogenic bacterial and fungal cells by various plasma sources under laboratory conditions has been frequently reported. In addition, plasma-treated water shows antimicrobial activity. Plasma and plasma-treated water exhibit a broad spectrum of efficiency in the decontamination and disinfection of plants, fruits, and seeds, indicating that the outcomes of plasma treatment can be significantly influenced by the microenvironments between plasma and plant tissues, such as the surface structures and properties, antioxidant systems, and surface chemistry of plants. More intense studies are required on the efficiency of decontamination and disinfection and underlying mechanisms. Recently, the induction of plant tolerance or resistance to pathogens by plasma (so-called "plasma vaccination") is emerging as a new area of study, with active research ongoing in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kamonporn Pangomm
- Department of Basic Science, Maejo University Phrae Campus, Phrae, Thailand
| | - Mayura Veerana
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Dankwa AS, Machado RM, Perry JJ. Sources of food contamination in a closed hydroponic system. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 70:55-62. [PMID: 31660628 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated potential contamination sources in a commercial, closed hydroponic system. Water, substrate and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) samples were evaluated for microbiological indicator populations, including aerobic plate count (APC), coliform bacteria (CB) and yeast and mould (YM). Listeria spp. detection via cultural enrichment and agglutination was negative for all samples. Peat moss substrate (postharvest) had the highest counts for APC (6·8 log CFU per g), CB (4·5 log MPN per g) and YM (5·1 and 4·8 log CFU per g respectively). Roots embedded in plugs demonstrated counts for all populations nearly as high as the substrate. Among water samples, a seedling water reservoir housing germinated plants yielded the highest count for APC (5·1 log CFU per g) and CB (2·4 log MPN per g) likely due to the large numbers of plugs and their close proximity in the reservoir. Harvested lettuce leaves demonstrated higher APC (4·1 log CFU per g) than preharvest leaves (1·7 log CFU per g) due to the transfer of microbes from the root ball. These data suggest that substrates are a significant potential source of contamination in hydroponic systems and likely facilitate microbial transfer to harvested leaves. There is, therefore, the need to further investigate mitigation of potential contamination events. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Hydroponic production is known to provide safe, clean produce. This study, however, suggests that the hydroponic substrate (peat moss plug) is a possible source of contamination in the hydroponic system. This finding is important as most harvested hydroponic lettuces are packaged and sold with substrate and root ball intact. This implies a high probability of microbial transfer from the root ball to edible harvested lettuce leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Dankwa
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - R M Machado
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - J J Perry
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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23
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Go SM, Park MR, Kim HS, Choi WS, Jeong RD. Antifungal effect of non-thermal atmospheric plasma and its application for control of postharvest Fusarium oxysporum decay of paprika. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Hojnik N, Modic M, Ni Y, Filipič G, Cvelbar U, Walsh JL. Effective Fungal Spore Inactivation with an Environmentally Friendly Approach Based on Atmospheric Pressure Air Plasma. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1893-1904. [PMID: 30657659 PMCID: PMC6727216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fungal contamination of surfaces is a global burden, posing a major environmental and public health challenge. A wide variety of antifungal chemical agents are available; however, the side effects of the use of these disinfectants often result in the generation of toxic residues raising major environmental concerns. Herein, atmospheric pressure air plasma generated by a surface barrier discharge (SBD) is presented as an innovative green chemical method for fungal inactivation, with the potential to become an effective replacement for conventional chemical disinfection agents, such as Virkon. Using Aspergillus flavus spores as a target organism, a comparison of plasma based decontamination techniques is reported, highlighting their respective efficiencies and uncovering their underpining inactivation pathways. Tests were performed using both direct gaseous plasma treatment and an indirect treatment using a plasma activated aqueous broth solution (PAB). Concentrations of gaseous ozone and nitrogen oxides were determined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Optical emission spectroscopy (OES), whereas hydrogen peroxides, nitrites, nitrates, and pH were measured in PAB. It is demonstrated that direct exposure to the gaseous plasma effluent exhibited superior decontamination efficiency and eliminated spores more effectively than Virkon, a finding attributed to the production of a wide variety of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Hojnik
- Jozef
Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Yuan Ni
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Uroš Cvelbar
- Jozef
Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- (U.C.) E-mail:
| | - James L. Walsh
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- (J.L.W.) E-mail:
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25
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Puligundla P, Mok C. Inactivation of spores by nonthermal plasmas. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:143. [PMID: 30203172 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal spore contamination in different industries has a greater economic impact. Because of the remarkable resistance of spores to most physical and chemical microbicidal agents, their inactivation need special attention during sterilization processes. Heat and chemical sporicides are not always well suited for different sterilization/decontamination applications and carries inherent risks. In recent years, novel nonthermal agents including nonthermal plasmas are emerging as effective sporicides against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal spores. The present review discusses various aspects related to the inactivation of spores using nonthermal plasmas. Different types of both low pressure plasmas (e.g., capacitively coupled plasma and microwave plasma) and atmospheric pressure plasmas (e.g., dielectric barrier discharges, corona discharges, arc discharges, radio-frequency-driven plasma jet) have been successfully applied to destroy spores of economic significance. Plasma agents contributing to sporicidal activity and their mode of action in inactivation are discussed. In addition, information on factors that affect the sporicidal action of nonthermal plasmas is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Puligundla
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulkyoon Mok
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Cold low pressure O 2 plasma treatment of Crocus sativus : An efficient way to eliminate toxicogenic fungi with minor effect on molecular and cellular properties of saffron. Food Chem 2018; 257:310-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Lopes RP, Mota MJ, Gomes AM, Delgadillo I, Saraiva JA. Application of High Pressure with Homogenization, Temperature, Carbon Dioxide, and Cold Plasma for the Inactivation of Bacterial Spores: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:532-555. [PMID: 33350128 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Formation of highly resistant spores is a concern for the safety of low-acid foods as they are a perfect vehicle for food spoilage and/or human infection. For spore inactivation, the strategy usually applied in the food industry is the intensification of traditional preservation methods to sterilization levels, which is often accompanied by decreases of nutritional and sensory properties. In order to overcome these unwanted side effects in food products, novel and emerging sterilization technologies are being developed, such as pressure-assisted thermal sterilization, high-pressure carbon dioxide, high-pressure homogenization, and cold plasma. In this review, the application of these emergent technologies is discussed, in order to understand the effects on bacterial spores and their inactivation and thus ensure food safety of low-acid foods. In general, the application of these novel technologies for inactivating spores is showing promising results. However, it is important to note that each technique has specific features that can be more suitable for a particular type of product. Thus, the most appropriate sterilization method for each product (and target microorganisms) should be assessed and carefully selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita P Lopes
- QOPNA, Chemistry Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Univ. de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria J Mota
- QOPNA, Chemistry Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Univ. de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gomes
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Univ. Católica Portuguesa, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivonne Delgadillo
- QOPNA, Chemistry Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Univ. de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- QOPNA, Chemistry Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Univ. de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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28
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Wen G, Xu X, Huang T, Zhu H, Ma J. Inactivation of three genera of dominant fungal spores in groundwater using chlorine dioxide: Effectiveness, influencing factors, and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 125:132-140. [PMID: 28843153 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungi in aquatic environments received more attention recently; therefore, the characteristics of inactivation of fungal spores by widely used disinfectants are quite important. Nonetheless, the inactivation efficacy of fungal spores by chlorine dioxide is poorly known. In this study, the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide at inactivation of three dominant genera of fungal spores isolated from drinking groundwater and the effects of pH, temperature, chlorine dioxide concentration, and humic acid were evaluated. The inactivation mechanisms were explored by analyzing the leakage of intracellular substances, the increase in extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and proteins as well as the changes in spore morphology. The kinetics of inactivation by chlorine dioxide fitted the Chick-Watson model, and different fungal species showed different resistance to chlorine dioxide inactivation, which was in the following order: Cladosporium sp.>Trichoderma sp. >Penicillium sp., which are much more resistant than Escherichia coli. Regarding the three genera of fungal spores used in this study, chlorine dioxide was more effective at inactivation of fungal spores than chlorine. The effect of disinfectant concentration and temperature was positive, and the impact of pH levels (6.0 and 7.0) was insignificant, whereas the influence of water matrices on the inactivation efficiency was negative. The increased concentration of characteristic extracellular substances and changes of spore morphology were observed after inactivation with chlorine dioxide and were due to cell wall and cell membrane damage in fungal spores, causing the leakage of intracellular substances and death of a fungal spore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Xiangqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
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Novickij V, Švedienė J, Paškevičius A, Novickij J. In vitro evaluation of nanosecond electroporation against Trichophyton rubrum with or without antifungal drugs and terpenes. MYCOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Fungal Contaminants in Drinking Water Regulation? A Tale of Ecology, Exposure, Purification and Clinical Relevance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [PMCID: PMC5486322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbiological drinking water safety is traditionally monitored mainly by bacterial parameters that indicate faecal contamination. These parameters correlate with gastro-intestinal illness, despite the fact that viral agents, resulting from faecal contamination, are usually the cause. This leaves behind microbes that can cause illness other than gastro-intestinal and several emerging pathogens, disregarding non-endemic microbial contaminants and those with recent pathogenic activity reported. This white paper focuses on one group of contaminants known to cause allergies, opportunistic infections and intoxications: Fungi. It presents a review on their occurrence, ecology and physiology. Additionally, factors contributing to their presence in water distribution systems, as well as their effect on water quality are discussed. Presence of opportunistic and pathogenic fungi in drinking water can pose a health risk to consumers due to daily contact with water, via several exposure points, such as drinking and showering. The clinical relevance and influence on human health of the most common fungal contaminants in drinking water is discussed. Our goal with this paper is to place fungal contaminants on the roadmap of evidence based and emerging threats for drinking water quality safety regulations.
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Nanopore formation process in artificial cell membrane induced by plasma-generated reactive oxygen species. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 605:26-33. [PMID: 27216034 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated morphological change of an artificial lipid bilayer membrane induced by oxygen radicals which were generated by non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma. Neutral oxygen species, O((3)Pj) and O2((1)Δg), were irradiated of a supported lipid bilayer existing under a buffer solution at various conditions of dose time and distances, at which the dose amounts of the oxygen species were calculated quantitatively. Observation using an atomic force microscope and a fluorescence microscope revealed that dose of the neutral oxygen species generated nanopores with the diameter of 10-50 nm in a phospholipid bilayer, and finally destructed the bilayer structure. We found that protrusions appeared on the lipid bilayer surface prior to the formation of nanopores, and we attributed the protrusions to the precursor of the nanopores. We propose a mechanism of the pore formation induced by lipid oxidation on the basis of previous experimental and theoretical studies.
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