1
|
Neuhaus GF, Aron AT, Isemonger EW, Petras D, Waterworth SC, Madonsela LS, Gentry EC, Siwe Noundou X, Kalinski JCJ, Polyzois A, Habiyaremye JC, Redick MA, Kwan JC, Dorrington RA, Dorrestein PC, McPhail KL. Environmental metabolomics characterization of modern stromatolites and annotation of ibhayipeptolides. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303273. [PMID: 38781236 PMCID: PMC11115249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithified layers of complex microbial mats known as microbialites are ubiquitous in the fossil record, and modern forms are increasingly identified globally. A key challenge to developing an understanding of microbialite formation and environmental role is how to investigate complex and diverse communities in situ. We selected living, layered microbialites (stromatolites) in a peritidal environment near Schoenmakerskop, Eastern Cape, South Africa to conduct a spatial survey mapping the composition and small molecule production of the microbial communities from environmental samples. Substrate core samples were collected from nine sampling stations ranging from the upper point of the freshwater inflow to the lower marine interface where tidal overtopping takes place. Substrate cores provided material for parallel analyses of microbial community diversity by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolomics using LC-MS2. Species and metabolite diversities were correlated, and prominent specialized metabolites were targeted for preliminary characterization. A new series of cyclic hexadepsipeptides, named ibhayipeptolides, was most abundant in substrate cores of submerged microbialites. These results demonstrate the detection and identification of metabolites from mass-limited environmental samples and contribute knowledge about microbialite chemistry and biology, which facilitates future targeted studies of specialized metabolite function and biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George F. Neuhaus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Allegra T. Aron
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric W. Isemonger
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Daniel Petras
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Samantha C. Waterworth
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Luthando S. Madonsela
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Emily C. Gentry
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Xavier Siwe Noundou
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | | | - Alexandros Polyzois
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Julius C. Habiyaremye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Redick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jason C. Kwan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | | | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Kerry L. McPhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi V, Rohn JL, Stoodley P, Carugo D, Stride E. Drug delivery strategies for antibiofilm therapy. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:555-572. [PMID: 37258686 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although new antibiofilm agents have been developed to prevent and eliminate pathogenic biofilms, their widespread clinical use is hindered by poor biocompatibility and bioavailability, unspecific interactions and insufficient local concentrations. The development of innovative drug delivery strategies can facilitate penetration of antimicrobials through biofilms, promote drug dispersal and synergistic bactericidal effects, and provide novel paradigms for clinical application. In this Review, we discuss the potential benefits of such emerging techniques for improving the clinical efficacy of antibiofilm agents, as well as highlighting the existing limitations and future prospects for these therapies in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Choi
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer L Rohn
- Department of Renal Medicine, Centre for Urological Biology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Microbiology and Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS) and National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dario Carugo
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Polaske TJ, West KHJ, Zhao K, Widner DL, York JT, Blackwell HE. Chemical and biomolecular insights into the Staphylococcus aureus agr quorum sensing system: Current progress and ongoing challenges. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200096. [PMID: 38765792 PMCID: PMC11101167 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous bacterium that has become a major threat to human health due to its extensive toxin production and tremendous capacity for antibiotic resistance (e.g., MRSA "superbug" infections). Amid a worsening antibiotic resistance crisis, new strategies to combat this deadly microbe that remove the selective pressure of traditional approaches are in high demand. S. aureus utilizes an accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing network to monitor its local cellular population and trigger a devastating communal attack, like an invading horde, once a threshold cell density has been reached. The role of the agr system in a range of disease types is still being unraveled. Herein, we discuss the present-day biochemical understanding of agr along with unresolved details, describe its connection to the progression of infection, and review how chemical strategies have been implemented to study and intercept this signaling pathway. This research is illuminating the potential of agr as an anti-virulence target in S. aureus and should inform the study of similar, yet less studied, agr systems in related bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Polaske
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Korbin H. J. West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Danielle L. Widner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Jordan T. York
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Helen E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thymol Reduces agr-Mediated Virulence Factor Phenol-Soluble Modulin Production in Staphylococcus aureus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8221622. [PMID: 35586806 PMCID: PMC9110180 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8221622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human bacterial pathogen that carries a large number of virulence factors. Many virulence factors of S. aureus are regulated by the accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum-sensing system. Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are one of the agr-mediated virulence determinants known to play a significant role in S. aureus pathogenesis. In the present study, the efficacy of thymol to inhibit PSM production including δ-toxin in S. aureus was explored. We employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to quantify the PSMsα1-PSMα4, PSMβ1 and PSMβ2, and δ-toxin production from culture supernatants. We found that thymol at 0.5 MIC (128 μg/mL) significantly reduced the PSMα and δ-toxin production in S. aureus WKZ-1, WKZ-2, LAC USA300, and ATCC29213. Downregulation in transcription by quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR analysis of response regulator agrA and receptor histidine kinase agrC upon 0.5 MIC thymol treatment affirmed the results of LC-MS quantification of PSMs. In silico molecular docking analysis demonstrated the binding affinity of thymol with receptors AgrA and AgrC. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed no ultrastructural alterations (cell wall and membrane) in thymol-treated WKZ-1 and WKZ-2 S. aureus strains. Here, we demonstrated that thymol reduces various PSM production in S. aureus clinical isolates and reference strains with mass spectrometry.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmad-Mansour N, Loubet P, Pouget C, Dunyach-Remy C, Sotto A, Lavigne JP, Molle V. Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: An Update on Their Pathogenic Properties and Potential Treatments. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:677. [PMID: 34678970 PMCID: PMC8540901 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a clinically important pathogen that causes a wide range of human infections, from minor skin infections to severe tissue infection and sepsis. S. aureus has a high level of antibiotic resistance and is a common cause of infections in hospitals and the community. The rising prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA), combined with the important severity of S. aureus infections in general, has resulted in the frequent use of anti-staphylococcal antibiotics, leading to increasing resistance rates. Antibiotic-resistant S. aureus continues to be a major health concern, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. S. aureus uses a wide range of virulence factors, such as toxins, to develop an infection in the host. Recently, anti-virulence treatments that directly or indirectly neutralize S. aureus toxins have showed promise. In this review, we provide an update on toxin pathogenic characteristics, as well as anti-toxin therapeutical strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ahmad-Mansour
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions, CNRS UMR5235, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Paul Loubet
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Université de Montpellier, 30908 Nîmes, France; (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Cassandra Pouget
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, 30908 Nîmes, France;
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Remy
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Université de Montpellier, 30908 Nîmes, France; (C.D.-R.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Albert Sotto
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Université de Montpellier, 30908 Nîmes, France; (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Université de Montpellier, 30908 Nîmes, France; (C.D.-R.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Virginie Molle
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions, CNRS UMR5235, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ford CA, Hurford IM, Cassat JE. Antivirulence Strategies for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Mini Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:632706. [PMID: 33519793 PMCID: PMC7840885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.632706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium capable of infecting nearly all host tissues, causing severe morbidity and mortality. Widespread antimicrobial resistance has emerged among S. aureus clinical isolates, which are now the most frequent causes of nosocomial infection among drug-resistant pathogens. S. aureus produces an array of virulence factors that enhance in vivo fitness by liberating nutrients from the host or evading host immune responses. Staphylococcal virulence factors have been identified as viable therapeutic targets for treatment, as they contribute to disease pathogenesis, tissue injury, and treatment failure. Antivirulence strategies, or treatments targeting virulence without direct toxicity to the inciting pathogen, show promise as an adjunctive therapy to traditional antimicrobials. This Mini Review examines recent research on S. aureus antivirulence strategies, with an emphasis on translational studies. While many different virulence factors have been investigated as therapeutic targets, this review focuses on strategies targeting three virulence categories: pore-forming toxins, immune evasion mechanisms, and the S. aureus quorum sensing system. These major areas of S. aureus antivirulence research demonstrate broad principles that may apply to other human pathogens. Finally, challenges of antivirulence research are outlined including the potential for resistance, the need to investigate multiple infection models, and the importance of studying antivirulence in conjunction with traditional antimicrobial treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A. Ford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ian M. Hurford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James E. Cassat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Melander RJ, Basak AK, Melander C. Natural products as inspiration for the development of bacterial antibiofilm agents. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1454-1477. [PMID: 32608431 PMCID: PMC7677205 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have historically been a rich source of diverse chemical matter with numerous biological activities, and have played an important role in drug discovery in many areas including infectious disease. Synthetic and medicinal chemistry have been, and continue to be, important tools to realize the potential of natural products as therapeutics and as chemical probes. The formation of biofilms by bacteria in an infection setting is a significant factor in the recalcitrance of many bacterial infections, conferring increased tolerance to many antibiotics and to the host immune response, and as yet there are no approved therapeutics for combatting biofilm-based bacterial infections. Small molecules that interfere with the ability of bacteria to form and maintain biofilms can overcome antibiotic tolerance conferred by the biofilm phenotype, and have the potential to form combination therapies with conventional antibiotics. Many natural products with anti-biofilm activity have been identified from plants, microbes, and marine life, including: elligic acid glycosides, hamamelitannin, carolacton, skyllamycins, promysalin, phenazines, bromoageliferin, flustramine C, meridianin D, and brominated furanones. Total synthesis and medicinal chemistry programs have facilitated structure confirmation, identification of critical structural motifs, better understanding of mechanistic pathways, and the development of more potent, more accessible, or more pharmacologically favorable derivatives of anti-biofilm natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta J Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gaussia Luciferase as a Reporter for Quorum Sensing in Staphylococcus aureus. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20154305. [PMID: 32752273 PMCID: PMC7435925 DOI: 10.3390/s20154305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) is a secreted protein with significant potential for use as a reporter of gene expression in bacterial pathogenicity studies. To date there are relatively few examples of its use in bacteriology. In this study we show that GLuc can be functionally expressed in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and furthermore show that it can be used as a biosensor for the agr quorum sensing (QS) system which employs autoinducing peptides to control virulence. GLuc was linked to the P3 promoter of the S. aureusagr operon. Biosensor strains were validated by evaluation of chemical agent-mediated activation and inhibition of agr. Use of GLuc enabled quantitative assessment of agr activity. This demonstrates the utility of Gaussia luciferase for in vitro monitoring of agr activation and inhibition.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gordon CP. Synthetic strategies to access staphylococcus auto-inducing peptides as quorum sensing modulators. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:379-390. [PMID: 31844862 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum-sensing system is arguably the most important regulator of staphylococcus virulence and has been the focus of tremendous interest in the development of effective therapies for pathogenic bacterial infections. With regards to chemotherapeutic based strategies, the significant proportion of currently reported agr-system modulating molecules are mimics of the native ArgC substrate, which is a thioester-based macrocyclic peptide know as the auto-inducing peptide. Over the past two decades, more than two-hundred synthetic analogues have been reported. This review traces the development of the synthetic strategies employed to synthesise these analogues with a particular focus on macrocyclisation. At present these synthetic approaches can be clustered into five broad categories (1) solution-phase cyclisation, (2) immobilised carbodiimide assisted cyclisation, (3) concomitant on-resin cleavage and macrocyclisation, (4) Boc-compatible chemoselective thioesterification, and (5) Fmoc-compatible chemoselective thioesterification. The advantages and limitation provided by each of the approaches are compared and contrasted with a view towards potential reaction scale-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Gordon
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) Extracts Containing Carnosic Acid and Carnosol are Potent Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040149. [PMID: 32244277 PMCID: PMC7235817 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and a common cause of skin infection. S. aureus also plays a role in the pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory skin disease, atopic dermatitis. S. aureus virulence involves activation of the quorum sensing agr operon. In this paper, we show that the diterpene carnosic acid, present in R. officinalis L. (rosemary) leaves, is a specific inhibitor of S. aureus agr expression as low as 5 μM. Carnosol and rosmarinic acid are two other phytochemicals present in rosemary leaves. Carnosol, but not rosmarinic acid, is also a potent agr expression inhibitor. Natural rosemary extracts containing carnosic acid and carnosol inhibit S. aureus agr expression, both in luciferase reporter strains and in wild type strains isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis. Specific inhibition of S. aureus virulence using topical formulations of rosemary extract may offer a practical approach to preventing and treating flares of atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu SC, Liu F, Zhu K, Shen JZ. Natural Products That Target Virulence Factors in Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13195-13211. [PMID: 31702908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the incidence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) associated infections necessitates the urgent development of novel therapeutic strategies and antibacterial drugs. Antivirulence strategy is an especially compelling alternative strategy due to its low selective pressure for the development of drug resistance in bacteria. Plants and microorganisms are not only important food and medicinal resources but also serve as sources for the discovery of natural products that target bacterial virulence factors. This review discusses the mechanisms of the major virulence factors of S. aureus, including the accessory gene regulator quorum-sensing system, bacterial biofilm formation, α-hemolysin, sortase A, and staphyloxanthin. We also provide an overview of natural products isolated from plants and microorganisms with activity against the major virulence factors of S. aureus and their adjuvant effects on existing antibiotics to overcome antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. Finally, the limitations and solutions of these antivirulence compounds are discussed, which will help in the development of novel antibacterial drugs against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Cheng Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Qingdao Agricultural University , No. 700 Changcheng Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brango-Vanegas J, Martinho LA, Bessa LJ, Vasconcelos AG, Plácido A, Pereira AL, Leite JRSA, Machado AHL. Synthesis of novel sulfide-based cyclic peptidomimetic analogues to solonamides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2544-2551. [PMID: 31728168 PMCID: PMC6839570 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight new sulfide-based cyclic peptidomimetic analogues of solonamides A and B have been synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis and SN2’ reaction on a Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) residue introduced at the N-terminal of a tetrapeptide. This last step takes advantage of the electrophilic feature of the MBH residue and represents a new cyclization strategy occurring. The analogues were prepared in moderate overall yields and did not show toxic effects on Staphylococcus aureus growth and were not toxic to human fibroblasts. Two of them inhibited the hemolytic activity of S. aureus, suggesting an interfering action in the bacterial quorum sensing similar to the one already reported for solonamides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Brango-Vanegas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília DF, Brasil
| | - Luan A Martinho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília DF, Brasil
| | - Lucinda J Bessa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bíoquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreanne G Vasconcelos
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- Glial Cell Biology Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, i3S, Universidade do Porto, 420013, Porto, Portugal.,Bioprospectum, Lda, UPTEC, 4200135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alex L Pereira
- Campus de Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Centro Metropolitano, 72220-275, Ceilândia Sul, Ceilândia, DF, Brazil
| | - José R S A Leite
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Angelo H L Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília DF, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Horswill AR, Gordon CP. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Small Molecule Modulators of the Staphylococcal Accessory Gene Regulator. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2705-2730. [PMID: 31658413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum-sensing system is arguably the most important regulator of Staphylococcus virulence. The agr-system serves a crucial role in pathogenesis by triggering substantive gene expression alterations to up-regulate the production of a wide variety of virulence determinants such as exoenzymes (proteases, lipases, nucleases) and downregulate the expression of surface binding proteins. Accordingly, the agr-system represents a compelling target for the development of antivirulence therapeutics as potential adjuncts, or alternatives, to conventional bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics. Despite this potential, to date, no agr-system inhibitors have progressed to the clinic; however, several promising lead compounds have been identified through screens of synthetic and natural product libraries. On the basis of the molecular components within the agr-system, the current contingent of regulating compounds can be clustered into three broad groups, AgrA-P3 activation inhibitors, AgrB-AgrD processing inhibitors, and AgrC-AIP interaction inhibitors. This review aims to provide an overview of the development, structure-activity-relationships, and limitations of compounds within each of these groups in addition to the current opportunities for developing next-generation anologs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Horswill
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Christopher P Gordon
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Westerm Sydney University, Building 30, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peng P, Baldry M, Gless BH, Bojer MS, Espinosa-Gongora C, Baig SJ, Andersen PS, Olsen CA, Ingmer H. Effect of Co-inhabiting Coagulase Negative Staphylococci on S. aureus agr Quorum Sensing, Host Factor Binding, and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2212. [PMID: 31611856 PMCID: PMC6777374 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal colonizer of both humans and animals, but also an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a multitude of diseases. In recent years, colonization of pigs by methicillin resistant S. aureus has become a problem with increasing numbers of humans being infected by livestock strains. In S. aureus colonization and virulence factor expression is controlled by the agr quorum sensing system, which responds to and is activated by self-generated, autoinducing peptides (AIPs). AIPs are also produced by coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) commonly found as commensals in both humans and animals, and interestingly, some of these inhibit S. aureus agr activity. Here, we have addressed if cross-communication occurs between S. aureus and CoNS strains isolated from pig nares, and if so, how properties such as host factor binding and biofilm formation are affected. From 25 pig nasal swabs we obtained 54 staphylococcal CoNS isolates belonging to 8 different species. Of these, none were able to induce S. aureus agr as monitored by reporter gene fusions to agr regulated genes but a number of agr-inhibiting species were identified including Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus arlettae, Staphylococcus lentus, and Staphylococcus chromogenes. After establishing that the inhibitory activity was mediated via AgrC, the receptor of AIPs, we synthesized selective AIPs to explore their effect on adhesion of S. aureus to fibronectin, a host factor involved in S. aureus colonization. Here, we found that the CoNS AIPs did not affect adhesion of S. aureus except for strain 8325-4. When individual CoNS strains were co-cultured together with S. aureus we observed variable degrees of biofilm formation which did not correlate with agr interactions. Our results show that multiple CoNS species can be isolated from pig nares and that the majority of these produce AIPs that inhibit S. aureus agr. Further they show that the consequences of the interactions between CoNS and S. aureus are complex and highly strain dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pai Peng
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mara Baldry
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bengt H Gless
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin S Bojer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen Espinosa-Gongora
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sharmin J Baig
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paal S Andersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baldry M, Nakamura Y, Nakagawa S, Frees D, Matsue H, Núñez G, Ingmer H. Application of an agr-Specific Antivirulence Compound as Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Inflammatory Skin Disease. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1009-1013. [PMID: 29733353 PMCID: PMC6093339 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease where more than 90% of patients affected are colonized with Staphylococcus aureus. In AD, S. aureus δ-toxin is a major virulence factor causing cutaneous inflammation via mast cell degranulation. δ-toxin is controlled by the S. aureus agr quorum sensing system, and thus we addressed whether interference with agr signaling would limit skin inflammation. Indeed, treatment of S. aureus with the agr-inhibitor solonamide B (SolB) abolished δ-toxin production and reduced skin inflammation in a mouse model of inflammatory skin disease, demonstrating the potential of antivirulence therapy in treating S. aureus-induced skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Baldry
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Dorte Frees
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hiroyuki Matsue
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Di Domenico EG, Cavallo I, Capitanio B, Ascenzioni F, Pimpinelli F, Morrone A, Ensoli F. Staphylococcus aureus and the Cutaneous Microbiota Biofilms in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E301. [PMID: 31470558 PMCID: PMC6780378 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is the dominant mode of growth of the skin microbiota, which promotes adhesion and persistence in the cutaneous microenvironment, thus contributing to the epidermal barrier function and local immune modulation. In turn, the local immune microenvironment plays a part in shaping the skin microbiota composition. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an immune disorder characterized by a marked dysbiosis, with a sharp decline of microbial diversity. During AD flares biofilm-growing Staphylococcus aureus emerges as the major colonizer in the skin lesions, in strict association with disease severity. The chronic production of inflammatory cytokines in the skin of AD individuals concurs at supporting S. aureus biofilm overgrowth at the expense of other microbial commensals, subverting the composition of the healthy skin microbiome. The close relationship between the host and microbial biofilm resident in the skin has profound implications on human health, making skin microbiota an attractive target for the therapeutic management of different skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enea Gino Di Domenico
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Cavallo
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Capitanio
- Division of Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorentina Ascenzioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. Darwin, University of Rome Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Pimpinelli
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Director San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ensoli
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Alternative Methods to Control Them: An Overview. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:890-908. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
18
|
Fleitas Martínez O, Cardoso MH, Ribeiro SM, Franco OL. Recent Advances in Anti-virulence Therapeutic Strategies With a Focus on Dismantling Bacterial Membrane Microdomains, Toxin Neutralization, Quorum-Sensing Interference and Biofilm Inhibition. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:74. [PMID: 31001485 PMCID: PMC6454102 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance constitutes one of the major challenges facing humanity in the Twenty-First century. The spread of resistant pathogens has been such that the possibility of returning to a pre-antibiotic era is real. In this scenario, innovative therapeutic strategies must be employed to restrict resistance. Among the innovative proposed strategies, anti-virulence therapy has been envisioned as a promising alternative for effective control of the emergence and spread of resistant pathogens. This review presents some of the anti-virulence strategies that are currently being developed, it will cover strategies focused on quench pathogen quorum sensing (QS) systems, disassemble of bacterial functional membrane microdomains (FMMs), disruption of biofilm formation and bacterial toxin neutralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osmel Fleitas Martínez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Suzana Meira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kalia VC, Patel SKS, Kang YC, Lee JK. Quorum sensing inhibitors as antipathogens: biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:68-90. [PMID: 30471318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms through which microbes communicate using signal molecules has inspired a great deal of research. Microbes use this exchange of information, known as quorum sensing (QS), to initiate and perpetuate infectious diseases in eukaryotic organisms, evading the eukaryotic defense system by multiplying and expressing their pathogenicity through QS regulation. The major issue to arise from such networks is increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics, resulting from QS-dependent mediation of the formation of biofilm, the induction of efflux pumps, and the production of antibiotics. QS inhibitors (QSIs) of diverse origins have been shown to act as potential antipathogens. In this review, we focus on the use of QSIs to counter diseases in humans as well as plants and animals of economic importance. We also discuss the challenges encountered in the potential applications of QSIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hansen AM, Peng P, Baldry M, Perez-Gassol I, Christensen SB, Vinther JMO, Ingmer H, Franzyk H. Lactam hybrid analogues of solonamide B and autoinducing peptides as potent S. aureus AgrC antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:370-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
21
|
Jones D, Meijer EFJ, Blatter C, Liao S, Pereira ER, Bouta EM, Jung K, Chin SM, Huang P, Munn LL, Vakoc BJ, Otto M, Padera TP. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causes sustained collecting lymphatic vessel dysfunction. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaam7964. [PMID: 29343625 PMCID: PMC5953194 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is a frequent cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Lymphedema-fluid accumulation in tissue caused by impaired lymphatic vessel function-is a strong risk factor for SSTIs. SSTIs also frequently recur in patients and sometimes lead to acquired lymphedema. However, the mechanism of how SSTIs can be both the consequence and the cause of lymphatic vessel dysfunction is not known. Intravital imaging in mice revealed an acute reduction in both lymphatic vessel contractility and lymph flow after localized MRSA infection. Moreover, chronic lymphatic impairment is observed long after MRSA is cleared and inflammation is resolved. Associated with decreased collecting lymphatic vessel function was the loss and disorganization of lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs), which are critical for lymphatic contraction. In vitro, incubation with MRSA-conditioned supernatant led to LMC death. Proteomic analysis identified several accessory gene regulator (agr)-controlled MRSA exotoxins that contribute to LMC death. Infection with agr mutant MRSA resulted in sustained lymphatic function compared to animals infected with wild-type MRSA. Our findings suggest that agr is a promising target to preserve lymphatic vessel function and promote immunity during SSTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jones
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eelco F J Meijer
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cedric Blatter
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shan Liao
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ethel R Pereira
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Echoe M Bouta
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shan Min Chin
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peigen Huang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin J Vakoc
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Timothy P Padera
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kane TL, Carothers KE, Lee SW. Virulence Factor Targeting of the Bacterial Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus for Vaccine and Therapeutics. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 19:111-127. [PMID: 27894236 PMCID: PMC5957279 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666161128123536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial pathogen capable of causing a range of infections in humans from gastrointestinal disease, skin and soft tissue infections, to severe outcomes such as sepsis. Staphylococcal infections in humans can be frequent and recurring, with treatments becoming less effective due to the growing persistence of antibiotic resistant S. aureus strains. Due to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, and the current limitations on antibiotic development, an active and highly promising avenue of research has been to develop strategies to specifically inhibit the activity of virulence factors produced S. aureus as an alternative means to treat disease. OBJECTIVE In this review we specifically highlight several major virulence factors produced by S. aureus for which recent advances in antivirulence approaches may hold promise as an alternative means to treating diseases caused by this pathogen. Strategies to inhibit virulence factors can range from small molecule inhibitors, to antibodies, to mutant and toxoid forms of the virulence proteins. CONCLUSION The major prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus combined with the lack of new antibiotic discoveries highlight the need for vigorous research into alternative strategies to combat diseases caused by this highly successful pathogen. Current efforts to develop specific antivirulence strategies, vaccine approaches, and alternative therapies for treating severe disease caused by S. aureus have the potential to stem the tide against the limitations that we face in the post-antibiotic era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor L. Kane
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Katelyn E. Carothers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Shaun W. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gless BH, Peng P, Pedersen KD, Gotfredsen CH, Ingmer H, Olsen CA. Structure-Activity Relationship Study Based on Autoinducing Peptide (AIP) from Dog Pathogen S. schleiferi. Org Lett 2017; 19:5276-5279. [PMID: 28952740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an effective protocol for solid-phase synthesis of peptide thiolactones by concomitant ring closure and cleavage from the solid support is reported. The strategy was applied for mapping the importance of the structural features in S. schleiferi AIP (5) by performing an alanine scan and truncation of this natural compound. This furnished some of the most potent inhibitors of accessory gene regulator (agr)-I in the human pathogen S. aureus reported to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bengt H Gless
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pai Peng
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Katja D Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Charlotte H Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Assis LM, Nedeljković M, Dessen A. New strategies for targeting and treatment of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 31:1-14. [PMID: 28867240 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacterial infection in humans, and has been notoriously able to acquire resistance to a variety of antibiotics. An example is methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which despite having been initially associated with clinical settings, now is one of the key causative agents of community-acquired infections. Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus involves mechanisms ranging from drug efflux to increased expression or mutation of target proteins, and this has required innovative approaches to develop novel treatment methodologies. This review provides an overview of the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance developed by S. aureus, and describes the emerging alternatives being sought to circumvent infection and proliferation, including new generations of classic antibiotics, synergistic approaches, antibodies, and targeting of virulence factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Mayrink Assis
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Nedeljković
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis Group, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - A Dessen
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis Group, 38044 Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Canovas J, Baldry M, Bojer MS, Andersen PS, Grzeskowiak PK, Stegger M, Damborg P, Olsen CA, Ingmer H. Cross-Talk between Staphylococcus aureus and Other Staphylococcal Species via the agr Quorum Sensing System. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1733. [PMID: 27877157 PMCID: PMC5099252 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are associated with both humans and animals. While most are non-pathogenic colonizers, Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing severe infections. S. aureus virulence is controlled by the agr quorum sensing system responding to secreted auto-inducing peptides (AIPs) sensed by AgrC, a two component histidine kinase. agr loci are found also in other staphylococcal species and for Staphylococcus epidermidis, the encoded AIP represses expression of agr regulated virulence genes in S. aureus. In this study we aimed to better understand the interaction between staphylococci and S. aureus, and show that this interaction may eventually lead to the identification of new anti-virulence candidates to target S. aureus infections. Here we show that culture supernatants of 37 out of 52 staphylococcal isolates representing 17 different species inhibit S. aureus agr. The dog pathogen, Staphylococcus schleiferi, expressed the most potent inhibitory activity and was active against all four agr classes found in S. aureus. By employing a S. aureus strain encoding a constitutively active AIP receptor we show that the activity is mediated via agr. Subsequent cloning and heterologous expression of the S. schleiferi AIP in S. aureus demonstrated that this molecule was likely responsible for the inhibitory activity, and further proof was provided when pure synthetic S. schleiferi AIP was able to completely abolish agr induction of an S. aureus reporter strain. To assess impact on S. aureus virulence, we co-inoculated S. aureus and S. schleiferi in vivo in the Galleria mellonella wax moth larva, and found that expression of key S. aureus virulence factors was abrogated. Our data show that the S. aureus agr locus is highly responsive to other staphylococcal species suggesting that agr is an inter-species communication system. Based on these results we speculate that interactions between S. aureus and other colonizing staphylococci will significantly influence the ability of S. aureus to cause infection, and we propose that other staphylococci are potential sources of compounds that can be applied as anti-virulence therapy for combating S. aureus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Canovas
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mara Baldry
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin S Bojer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Paal S Andersen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum InstitutCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Piotr K Grzeskowiak
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nana A, Nelson SB, McLaren A, Chen AF. What's New in Musculoskeletal Infection: Update on Biofilms. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:1226-34. [PMID: 27440572 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.16.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Nana
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Sandra B Nelson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alex McLaren
- Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|