1
|
Li M, Deng W, Li Y, Zhao L, Ma X, Yu H, Li X, Meng Y, Wang Q, Du X, Sham PC, Palaniyappan L, Li T. Ameliorative patterns of grey matter in patients with first-episode and treatment-naïve schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3500-3510. [PMID: 35164887 PMCID: PMC10277763 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grey matter (GM) reduction is a consistent observation in established late stages of schizophrenia, but patients in the untreated early stages of illness display an increase as well as a decrease in GM distribution relative to healthy controls (HC). The relative excess of GM may indicate putative compensatory responses, though to date its relevance is unclear. METHODS 343 first-episode treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia (FES) and 342 HC were recruited. Multivariate source-based morphometry was performed to identify covarying 'networks' of grey matter concentration (GMC). Neurocognitive scores using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and symptom burden using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) were obtained. Bivariate linear relationships between GMC and cognition/symptoms were studied. RESULTS Compared to healthy subjects, FES had prominently lower GMC in two components; the first consists of the anterior insula, inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate and the second component with the superior temporal gyrus, precuneus, inferior/superior parietal lobule, cuneus, and lingual gyrus. Higher GMC was seen in adjacent areas of the middle and superior temporal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior parietal cortex and putamen. Greater GMC of this component was associated with lower duration of untreated psychosis, less severe positive symptoms and better performance on cognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS In untreated stages of schizophrenia, both a distributed lower and higher GMC is observable. While the higher GMC is relatively modest, it occurs across frontoparietal, temporal and subcortical regions in association with reduced illness burden suggesting a compensatory role for higher GMC in the early stages of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinfei Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Suzhou Psychiatry Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Centre for Genomic Sciences and State Key Laboratory in Cognitive and Brain Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute & The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang C, Zhang W, Liu J, Yao L, Bishop JR, Lencer R, Gong Q, Yang Z, Lui S. Disrupted subcortical functional connectome gradient in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia and the normalization effects after antipsychotic treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:789-796. [PMID: 36496508 PMCID: PMC10066388 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotics are thought to improve schizophrenia symptoms through the antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors, which are abundant mainly in subcortical regions. By introducing functional gradient, a novel approach to identify hierarchy alterations by capturing the similarity of whole brain fucntional connectivity (FC) profiles between two voxels, the present study aimed to characterize how the subcortical gradient is associated with treatment effects and response in first-episode schizophrenia in vivo. Two independent samples of first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients with matched healthy controls (HC) were obtained: the discovery dataset included 71 patients (FES0W) and 64 HC at baseline, and patients were re-scanned after either 6 weeks (FES6W, N = 33) or 12 months (FES12M, N = 57) of antipsychotic treatment, of which 19 patients finished both 6-week and 12-month evaluation. The validation dataset included 22 patients and 24 HC at baseline and patients were re-scanned after 6 weeks. Gradient metrics were calculated using BrainSpace Toolbox. Voxel-based gradient values were generated and group-averaged gradient values were further extracted across all voxels (global), three systems (thalamus, limbic and striatum) and their subcortical subfields. The comparisons were conducted separately between FES0W and HC for investigating illness effects, and between FES6W/FES12M and FES0W for treatment effects. Correlational analyses were then conducted between the longitudinal gradient alterations and the improvement of clinical ratings. Before treatment, schizophrenia patients exhibited an expanded range of global gradient scores compared to HC which indicated functional segregation within subcortical systems. The increased gradient in limbic system and decreased gradient in thalamic and striatal system contributed to the baseline abnormalities and led to the disruption of the subcortical functional integration. After treatment, these disruptions were normalized and the longitudinal changes of gradient scores in limbic system were significantly associated with symptom improvement. Similar illness and treatment effects were also observed in the validation dataset. By measuring functional hierarchy of subcortical organization, our findings provide a novel imaging marker that is sensitive to treatment effects and may make a promising indicator of treatment response in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengmin Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jeffrey R Bishop
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China.
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alexandros Lalousis P, Wood S, Reniers R, Schmaal L, Azam H, Mazziota A, Saeed H, Wragg C, Upthegrove R. Transdiagnostic structural neuroimaging features in depression and psychosis: A systematic review. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103388. [PMID: 37031636 PMCID: PMC10120394 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that there may be similarities in structural brain changes seen in patients with depression and psychosis compared to healthy controls. However, there is yet no systematic review collating studies comparing structural brain changes in depression and psychosis. Establishing shared and specific neuroanatomical features could aid the investigation of underlying biological processes. AIMS To identify structural neuroimaging similarities and differences between patients with depression and psychosis. METHOD We searched PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, NICE Evidence, Medline and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 30/06/2021 using relevant subject headings (controlled vocabularies) and search syntax. Papers were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Five-hundred and twenty papers were retrieved, seven met inclusion criteria. In narrative collation of results, grey matter volume (GMV) reductions were found in the medial frontal gyrus (MFG), hippocampus and left-sided posterior subgenual prefrontal cortex in both psychosis and depression. GMV reductions affected more brain regions in psychosis, including in the insula and thalamus. White matter volume (WMV) decline was found in both depression and psychosis. Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) was more commonly seen in depression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest potential transdiagnostic patterns of GMV and WMV reductions in areas including the MFG, hippocampus, and left-sided posterior subgenual prefrontal cortex. These could be investigated as a future biomarker of transdiagnostic signature across mental illnesses. However, due to the limited number and poor quality of studies future research in large samples and harmonised imaging data is first needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paris Alexandros Lalousis
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen Wood
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom; Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Renate Reniers
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hannah Azam
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Mazziota
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom
| | - Hasson Saeed
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Wragg
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu X, Li Q, Qian Y, Cai H, Zhang C, Zhao W, Zhu J, Yu Y. Genetic mechanisms underlying gray matter volume changes in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2328-2341. [PMID: 35640648 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain structural damage is a typical feature of schizophrenia. Investigating such disease phenotype in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia (DFSZ) may exclude the confounds of antipsychotics and illness chronicity. However, small sample sizes and marked clinical heterogeneity have precluded definitive identification of gray matter volume (GMV) changes in DFSZ as well as their underlying genetic mechanisms. Here, GMV changes in DFSZ were assessed using a neuroimaging meta-analysis of 19 original studies, including 605 patients and 637 controls. Gene expression data were derived from the Allen Human Brain Atlas and processed with a newly proposed standardized pipeline. Then, we used transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlations to identify genes associated with GMV changes in DFSZ, followed by a set of gene functional feature analyses. Meta-analysis revealed consistent GMV reduction in the right superior temporal gyrus, right insula and left inferior temporal gyrus in DFSZ. Moreover, we found that these GMV changes were spatially correlated with expression levels of 1,201 genes, which exhibited a wide range of functional features. Our findings may provide important insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying brain morphological abnormality in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230012, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiology, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yinfeng Qian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.,Department of Radiology, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, China.,Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230012, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Subcortical Structures in Demented Schizophrenia Patients: A Comparative Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010233. [PMID: 36672741 PMCID: PMC9855401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few studies on dementia and schizophrenia in older patients looking for structural differences. This paper aims to describe relation between cognitive performance and brain volumes in older schizophrenia patients. Twenty schizophrenic outpatients -10 without-dementia (SND), 10 with dementia (SD)- and fifteen healthy individuals -as the control group (CG)-, older than 50, were selected. Neuropsychological tests were used to examine cognitive domains. Brain volumes were calculated with magnetic resonance images. Cognitive performance was significantly better in CG than in schizophrenics. Cognitive performance was worst in SD than SND, except in semantic memory and visual attention. Hippocampal volumes showed significant differences between SD and CG, with predominance on the right side. Left thalamic volume was smaller in SD group than in SND. Structural differences were found in the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus; more evident in the amygdala and thalamus, which were mainly related to dementia. In conclusion, cognitive performance and structural changes allowed us to differentiate between schizophrenia patients and CG, with changes being more pronounced in SD than in SND. When comparing SND with SD, the functional alterations largely coincide, although sometimes in the opposite direction. Moreover, volume lost in the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus may be related to the possibility to develop dementia in schizophrenic patients.
Collapse
|
6
|
Relationships between cognitive performance, clinical insight and regional brain volumes in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:33. [PMID: 35853892 PMCID: PMC9261092 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in cognitive performance are common in schizophrenia, and these contribute to poor awareness of symptoms and treatment (‘clinical insight’), which is an important predictor of functional outcome. Although relationships between cognitive impairment and reductions in regional brain volumes in patients are relatively well characterised, less is known about the brain structural correlates of clinical insight. To address this gap, we aimed to explore brain structural correlates of cognitive performance and clinical insight in the same sample. 108 patients with schizophrenia (SZH) and 94 age and gender-matched controls (CON) (from the Northwestern University Schizophrenia Data and Software Tool (NUSDAST) database) were included. SZH had smaller grey matter volume across most fronto-temporal regions and significantly poorer performance on all cognitive domains. Multiple regression showed that higher positive symptoms and poorer attention were significant predictors of insight in SZH; however, no significant correlations were seen between clinical insight and regional brain volumes. In contrast, symptomology did not contribute to cognitive performance, but robust positive relationships were found between regional grey matter volumes in fronto-temporal regions and cognitive performance (particularly executive function). Many of these appeared to be unique to SZH as they were not observed in CON. Findings suggest that while there exists a tight link between cognitive functioning and neuropathological processes affecting gross brain anatomy in SZH, this is not the case for clinical insight. Instead, clinical insight levels seem to be influenced by symptomology, attentional performance and other subject-specific variables.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chew QH, Prakash KNB, Koh LY, Chilla G, Yeow LY, Sim K. Neuroanatomical subtypes of schizophrenia and relationship with illness duration and deficit status. Schizophr Res 2022; 248:107-113. [PMID: 36030757 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of schizophrenia (SCZ) regarding psychopathology, illness trajectory and their inter-relationships with underlying neural substrates remain incompletely understood. In a bid to reduce illness heterogeneity using neural substrates, our study aimed to replicate the findings of an earlier study by Chand et al. (2020). We employed brain structural measures for subtyping SCZ patients, and evaluate each subtype's relationship with clinical features such as illness duration, psychotic psychopathology, and additionally deficit status. METHODS Overall, 240 subjects (160 SCZ patients, 80 healthy controls) were recruited for this study. The participants underwent brain structural magnetic resonance imaging scans and clinical rating using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Neuroanatomical subtypes of SCZ were identified using "Heterogeneity through discriminative analysis" (HYDRA), a clustering technique which accounted for relevant covariates and the inter-group normalized percentage changes in brain volume were also calculated. RESULTS As replicated, two neuroanatomical subtypes (SG-1 and SG-2) were found amongst our patients with SCZ. The subtype SG-1 was associated with enlargements in the third and lateral ventricles, volume increase in the basal ganglia (putamen, caudate, pallidum), longer illness duration, and deficit status. The subtype SG-2 was associated with reductions of cortical and subcortical structures (hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia). CONCLUSIONS These replicated findings have clinical implications in the early intervention, response monitoring, and prognostication of SCZ. Future studies may adopt a multi-modal neuroimaging approach to enhance insights into the neurobiological composition of relevant subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hui Chew
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - K N Bhanu Prakash
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Li Yang Koh
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Geetha Chilla
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ling Yun Yeow
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Liu N, Yang C, Zhang W, Lui S. Cerebellar gray matter volume changes in patients with schizophrenia: A voxel-based meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1083480. [PMID: 36620665 PMCID: PMC9814486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1083480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In schizophrenia, the structural changes in the cerebellum are associated with patients' cognition and motor deficits. However, the findings are inconsistent owing to the heterogeneity in sample size, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, and other factors among them. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to characterize the anatomical changes in cerebellar subfields in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Systematic research was conducted to identify studies that compare the gray matter volume (GMV) differences in the cerebellum between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls with a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method. A coordinate-based meta-analysis was adopted based on seed-based d mapping (SDM) software. An exploratory meta-regression analysis was conducted to associate clinical and demographic features with cerebellar changes. RESULTS Of note, 25 studies comprising 996 patients with schizophrenia and 1,109 healthy controls were included in the present meta-analysis. In patients with schizophrenia, decreased GMVs were demonstrated in the left Crus II, right lobule VI, and right lobule VIII, while no increased GMV was identified. In the meta-regression analysis, the mean age and illness duration were negatively associated with the GMV in the left Crus II in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION The most significant structural changes in the cerebellum are mainly located in the posterior cerebellar hemisphere in patients with schizophrenia. The decreased GMVs of these regions might partly explain the cognitive deficits and motor symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Naici Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengmin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohammadi-Nejad AR, Hossein-Zadeh GA, Shahsavand Ananloo E, Soltanian-Zadeh H. The effect of groupness constraint on the sensitivity and specificity of canonical correlation analysis, a multi-modal anatomical and functional MRI study. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Hoang D, Lizano P, Lutz O, Zeng V, Raymond N, Miewald J, Montrose D, Keshavan M. Thalamic, Amygdalar, and hippocampal nuclei morphology and their trajectories in first episode psychosis: A preliminary longitudinal study ✰. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 309:111249. [PMID: 33484937 PMCID: PMC7904670 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus play important pathophysiologic roles in psychosis. Few studies have prospectively examined subcortical nuclei in relation to predicting clinical outcomes after a first-episode of psychosis (FEP). Here, we examined volumetric differences and trajectories among subcortical nuclei in FEP patients and their associations with illness severity. Clinical and brain volume measures were collected using a 1.5T MRI scanner and processed using FreeSurfer 6.0 from a prospective study of antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients of FEP-schizophrenia (FEP-SZ) (baseline, n = 38; follow-up, n = 17), FEP non-schizophrenia (FEP-NSZ) (baseline, n = 23; follow-up, n = 13), and healthy controls (HCs) (baseline, n = 47; follow-up, n = 29). Compared to FEP-NSZ and HCs, FEP-SZ had significantly smaller thalamic anterior nuclei volume at baseline. Longitudinally, FEP-SZ showed a positive rate of change in the amygdala compared to controls or FEP-NSZ, as well as in the basal, central and accessory basal nuclei compared to FEP-NSZ. Enlargement in the thalamic anterior nuclei predicted a worsening in overall psychosis symptoms. Baseline thalamic anterior nuclei alterations further specify key subcortical regions associated with FEP-SZ pathophysiology. Longitudinally, anterior nuclei volume enlargement may signal symptomatic worsening. The amygdala and thalamus structures may show diagnostic differences between schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia psychoses, while the thalamus changes may reflect disease or treatment related changes in clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dung Hoang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Olivia Lutz
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Victor Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicolas Raymond
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jean Miewald
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Deborah Montrose
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
TURGUT C, YILDIZ M, GÜNDÜZ N, ANIK YA, ÖZKUL B. ŞİZOFRENİ TANILI HASTALARDA HASTALIK SÜRESİ, PSİKOTİK ATAK SAYISI, YAŞAM BOYU ANTİPSİKOTİK KULLANIMIYLA İLİŞKİLİ BÖLGESEL GRİ MADDE DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİNİN VOKSEL TABANLI MORFOMETRİK ANALİZİ. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.878543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Etiyolojik etmenler, klinik görünümler ve tedavi yanıtı açısından şizofreninin oldukça ayrışık bir bozukluk olduğu bilinmektedir. Yapısal görüntüleme çalışmalarında gri madde değişikliği olan alanlar, bu çeşitliliğin bir yansıması olarak görünmektedir. Hastalık süresi, antipsikotik tedavisi ve aktif psikoz dönemlerinin, beyindeki yapısal değişikliklerle ilişkisi henüz netlik kazanmamıştır. Çalışmamızın amacı hastalığın ve hastalıkla ilgili süreçlerin (hastalık süresi, ilaç kullanımı, psikotik atak sayısı) beyin yapısına etkisini araştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 33 şizofrenili hasta ve yaş, cinsiyet ve eğitim süreleri açısından eşleştirilmiş 35 sağlıklı gönüllü katıldı. Hasta ve sağlıklı kontrollere nüfus özelliklerini değerlendiren anket formu verildi. Hastalara DSM IV’e göre Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme (DYKG-1) uygulandı. Hastaların yaşamboyu antipsikotik maruziyeti belirlendi ve klorpromazin eşdeğer dozları üzerinden doz-yıl birimine çevrildi. Olguların manyetik rezonans görüntüleri (MRG) 3 Tesla gücündeki cihaz ile elde edildi. Görüntüler İstatistiksel Parametrik Haritalama 8 programı kullanılarak voksel tabanlı morfometri (VTM) yöntemiyle karşılaştırıldı. İstatistiksel değerlendirmelerde veri özelliklerine göre t testi, Ki Kare testi, Mann Whitney U testi kullanıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi çift yönlü p≤ 0,05 olarak kabul edildi. VTM’de genel lineer model (GLM) kullanılarak yaş, cinsiyet ve toplam beyin hacmi karıştırıcı etkenler olarak analiz matriksinde yer aldı. GLM’de iki grup karşılaştırmasında t-testi ve hastalık süreciyle ilişkili GM değişikliklerini araştırmada çoklu regresyon çözümlemesi yapıldı. VTM’de p değerinin 0,001’in altında ve küme oluşturan alanların 50 voksel üstünde olması koşulu arandı.
Bulgular: Sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında hastalarda GM yoğunluğunda sağ orta temporal ve inferior temporal girus, bilateral orta frontal girus, sol singulat girus, sol presentral girus ve sol supramarginal girus’ta azalma saptandı. Kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında hastalarda GM yoğunluğunda sağ uncus, sol kaudat ve sol posterior singulat korteks’te artış saptandı. Hasta grubunda hastalık süresiyle sol presentral girus ve sol postsentral girus GM yoğunluğu arasında negatif ilişkili bulundu. Yaşamboyu APİ kullanımıyla pozitif ve negatif ilişkili alanlar sırasıyla; sol inferior frontal girus ve sağ precuneus’tu. Psikotik atak sayısıyla sol medial frontal girus, sağ presentral girus ve sol parasentral lobül GM yoğunluğu arasında pozitif ilişki saptanırken uvula (serebellum) GM yoğunluğu arasında negatif ilişki saptandı.
Sonuç: Şizofrenili hastalarda GM eksikliğinin frontal ve temporal alanlarda ön planda olduğu söynenebilir. Ayrıca hastalık süresi, antipsikotik tedavisi, psikotik atak sayısı beyindeki GM değişiklikleriyle ilişkili görünmektedir. Limbik lobta GM yoğunluğundaki artışı açıklamak için ileri araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celaleddin TURGUT
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras
| | - Mustafa YILDIZ
- Kocaeli University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nermin GÜNDÜZ
- Uskudar University, NPISTANBUL Brain Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yonca Akgoz ANIK
- Kocaeli University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Burcu ÖZKUL
- Dokuz Eylul University
- DEÜ · Department of Psychiatric Nursing Doctor of Philosophy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Korda AI, Andreou C, Borgwardt S. Pattern classification as decision support tool in antipsychotic treatment algorithms. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113635. [PMID: 33548218 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pattern classification aims to establish a new approach in personalized treatment. The scope is to tailor treatment on individual characteristics during all phases of care including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcome. In psychotic disorders, this need results from the fact that a third of patients with psychotic symptoms do not respond to antipsychotic treatment and are described as having treatment-resistant disorders. This, in addition to the high variability of treatment responses among patients, enhances the need of applying advanced classification algorithms to identify antipsychotic treatment patterns. This review comprehensively summarizes advancements and challenges of pattern classification in antipsychotic treatment response to date and aims to introduce clinicians and researchers to the challenges of including pattern classification into antipsychotic treatment decision algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Korda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Lübeck (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Lübeck (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Lübeck (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang C, Tang J, Liu N, Yao L, Xu M, Sun H, Tao B, Gong Q, Cao H, Zhang W, Lui S. The Effects of Antipsychotic Treatment on the Brain of Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Selective Review of Longitudinal MRI Studies. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:593703. [PMID: 34248691 PMCID: PMC8264251 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.593703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of neuroimaging studies have detected brain abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia both before and after treatment, but it remains unclear how these abnormalities reflect the effects of antipsychotic treatment on the brain. To summarize the findings in this regard and provide potential directions for future work, we reviewed longitudinal structural and functional imaging studies in patients with first-episode schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic treatment. A total of 36 neuroimaging studies was included, involving 21 structural imaging studies and 15 functional imaging studies. Both anatomical and functional brain changes in patients after treatment were consistently observed in the frontal and temporal lobes, basal ganglia, limbic system and several key components within the default mode network (DMN). Alterations in these regions were affected by factors such as antipsychotic type, course of treatment, and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). Over all we showed that: (a) The striatum and DMN were core target regions of treatment in schizophrenia, and their changes were related to different antipsychotics; (b) The gray matter of frontal and temporal lobes tended to reduce after long-term treatment; and (c) Longer DUP was accompanied with faster hippocampal atrophy after initial treatment, which was also associated with poorer outcome. These findings are in accordance with previous notions but should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are needed to clarify the effects of different antipsychotics in multiple conditions and to identify imaging or other biomarkers that may predict antipsychotic treatment response. With such progress, it may help choose effective pharmacological interventional strategies for individuals experiencing recent-onset schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengmin Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Naici Liu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zito MF, Marder SR. Rethinking the risks and benefits of long-term maintenance in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 225:77-81. [PMID: 31806525 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the risks and benefits of long-term maintenance antipsychotic treatment for patients that extends beyond two years. It focuses on framing discussions with patients who are recovering from a first episode. For these patients the evidence strongly supports the benefits over the risk for the first two years. However, both the clinical side effects of antipsychotics and the possible long-term effects of dopamine blocking drugs on the brain require a more nuanced discussion beyond this initial period. In most cases, the decision will be to continue antipsychotics but to consider strategies for mitigating the risks of drugs. This review provides information about the relative risks of dose reduction and intermittent treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Zito
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience at UCLA and the VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Stephen R Marder
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience at UCLA and the VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nelson EA, Kraguljac NV, White DM, Jindal RD, Shin AL, Lahti AC. A Prospective Longitudinal Investigation of Cortical Thickness and Gyrification in Schizophrenia. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 65:381-391. [PMID: 32022594 PMCID: PMC7265602 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720904598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical thickness (CT) and gyrification are complementary indices that assess different aspects of gray matter structural integrity. Both neurodevelopment insults and acute tissue response to antipsychotic medication could underlie the known heterogeneity of treatment response and are well-suited for interrogation into the relationship between gray matter morphometry and clinical outcomes in schizophrenia (SZ). METHODS Using a prospective design, we enrolled 34 unmedicated patients with SZ and 23 healthy controls. Patients were scanned at baseline and after a 6-week trial with risperidone. CT and local gyrification index (LGI) values were quantified from structural MRI scans using FreeSurfer 5.3. RESULTS We found reduced CT and LGI in patients compared to controls. Vertex-wise analyses demonstrated that hypogyrification was most prominent in the inferior frontal cortex, temporal cortex, insula, pre/postcentral gyri, temporoparietal junction, and the supramarginal gyrus. Baseline CT was predictive of subsequent response to antipsychotic treatment, and increase in CT after 6 weeks was correlated with greater symptom reductions. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we report evidence of reduced CT and LGI in unmedicated patients compared to controls, suggesting involvement of different aspects of gray matter morphometry in the pathophysiology of SZ. Importantly, we found that lower CT at baseline and greater increase of CT following 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone were associated with better clinical response. Our results suggest that cortical thinning may normalize as a result of a good response to antipsychotic medication, possibly by alleviating potential neurotoxic processes underlying gray matter deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nina V Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David M White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ripu D Jindal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, AL, USA
| | - Ah L Shin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaleda VG, Bozjko OV, Akhadov TA, Tomyshev AS, Tikhonov DV, Lebedeva IS, Savvateeva NY. [Neuroanatomical brain profile of juvenile shiftlike schizophrenia: morphometry of grey matter in the prefrontal cortex and subcortical structures]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 119:7-11. [PMID: 31626164 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20191190817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine neuroanatomical peculiarities of grey matter in some regions of the prefrontal cortex and several subcortical structures in patients with juvenile shift like schizophrenia (F20 ICD-10). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-three young male patients and 54 mentally healthy men without family history of mental diseases underwent structural MRI with T1 high resolution images. RESULTS As compared to mentally healthy subjects, there was a decrease of grey matter thickness in all tested regions of the prefrontal cortex in patients. No between-group differences in subcortical structures volumes were found. No correlations between structural changes and psychopathological symptoms were observed. CONCLUSION Structural abnormalities of the frontal lobes in juvenile shift like schizophrenia are not associated with severity of psychopathological symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V G Kaleda
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Bozjko
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Akhadov
- Research Institute of emergency child surgery and traumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiao Y, Yan Z, Zhao Y, Tao B, Sun H, Li F, Yao L, Zhang W, Chandan S, Liu J, Gong Q, Sweeney JA, Lui S. Support vector machine-based classification of first episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients and healthy controls using structural MRI. Schizophr Res 2019; 214:11-17. [PMID: 29208422 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although regional brain deficits have been demonstrated in schizophrenia patients by structural MRI studies, one important question that remains largely unanswered is whether the complex and subtle deficits revealed by MRI could be used as objective biomarkers to discriminate patients from healthy controls individually. To address this question, a total of 326 right-handed participants were recruited, including 163 drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and 163 demographically matched healthy controls. High-resolution anatomic data were acquired from all subjects and processed via Freesurfer software to obtain cortical thickness and surface area measurements. Subsequently, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used to explore the potential utility for cortical thickness and surface area measurements in the differentiation of individual patients and healthy controls. The accuracy of correct classification of patients and controls was 85.0% (specificity 87.0%, sensitivity 83.0%) for surface area and 81.8% (specificity 85.0%, sensitivity 76.9%) for cortical thickness (p<0.001 after permutation testing). Regions contributing to classification accuracy mainly included the gray matter in default mode, central executive, salience, and visual networks. Current findings, in a sample of never-treated FES patients, suggest that the patterns of illness-related gray matter changes has potential as a biomarker for identifying structural brain alterations in individuals with schizophrenia. Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate the utility of imaging biomarkers for research and potentially for clinical purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Zhihan Yan
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Youjin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Huaiqiang Sun
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Shah Chandan
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Jieke Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, USA
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, the Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo F, Zhu YQ, Li C, Wang XR, Wang HN, Liu WM, Wang LX, Tian P, Kang XW, Cui LB, Xi YB, Yin H. Gray matter volume changes following antipsychotic therapy in first-episode schizophrenia patients: A longitudinal voxel-based morphometric study. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 116:126-132. [PMID: 31233895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence of structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, the current study aimed to explore the effects of antipsychotic treatment on gray matter (GM) volume using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and investigate the relationship between brain structure and treatment response. The GM volumes of 33 patients with first-episode schizophrenia were calculated with voxel-based morphometry (VBM), with 33 matched healthy controls. Longitudinal volume changes within subjects after 4-month antipsychotic treatment were also evaluated. Correlation between volumetric changes and clinical symptoms derived from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were further investigated. Compared with healthy controls, decreased GM volumes in the frontal gyrus were observed in schizophrenia patients. After 4-month treatment, patients showed significantly decreased GM volume primarily in the bilateral frontal, temporal and left parietal brain regions. In addition, the GM volume changes of the left postcentral gyrus was positively correlated with negative symptoms improvement, and the correlation analysis revealed the total PANSS scores changes were associated with GM volume changes in the right inferior frontal gyrus and the right superior temporal gyrus. Besides, non-responders had reduced GM volume in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus compared with responders and healthy controls. Our results suggest that the abnormality in the right frontal gyrus exists in the early stage of schizophrenia. Moreover, the relationship between antipsychotics and structural changes was identified. The GM volume might have the potential to reflect the symptom improvement in schizophrenia patients. And MRI may assist in predicting the antipsychotic treatment response in first-episode schizophrenia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xing-Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen-Ming Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liu-Xian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Kang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yi-Bin Xi
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ding Y, Ou Y, Pan P, Shan X, Chen J, Liu F, Zhao J, Guo W. Cerebellar structural and functional abnormalities in first-episode and drug-naive patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 283:24-33. [PMID: 30500474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a mental disorder that involves cerebral and cerebellar abnormalities. The cerebellum plays an indispensable role in the pathophysiology of SZ. However, individual studies pertaining to the structural and resting-state functional cerebellar abnormalities in patients with SZ have been inconsistent. To make a relatively robust conclusion with little interference, such as different disease episode times and antipsychotic treatment, we conducted this meta-analysis as a first attempt to comprehensively analyze and combine studies of voxel-based morphometry (VBM), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), and functional connectivity strength (FCS) in first-episode and drug-naive SZ patients, employing the Seed-based d Mapping (SDM) method. Thirteen VBM studies, eight ALFF studies, and three FCS studies involving 783 patients and 704 matched healthy controls were included. Our results showed the presence of structural and functional abnormalities within the cerebellar regions, including most superior/anterior cerebellum (lobule III-V or VI) and posterior/inferior cerebellum (lobule VIII) related to motor function, and posterior cerebellum (lobule VIIa, Crus I, and II) associated with cognition and emotion, and such anomalies might be related to illness duration and clinical symptom severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Pan Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Neugebauer K, Hammans C, Wensing T, Kumar V, Grodd W, Mevissen L, Sternkopf MA, Novakovic A, Abel T, Habel U, Nickl-Jockschat T. Nerve Growth Factor Serum Levels Are Associated With Regional Gray Matter Volume Differences in Schizophrenia Patients. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:275. [PMID: 31105606 PMCID: PMC6498747 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous neuroimaging studies have revealed structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia patients. There is emerging evidence that dysfunctional nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling may contribute to structural brain alterations found in these patients. In this pilot study, we investigated whether there was a correlation between NGF serum levels and gray matter volume (GMV) in schizophrenia patients. Further, we investigated whether there was an overlap between the correlative findings and cross-sectional GMV differences between schizophrenia patients (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 19). Serum NGF was significantly correlated to GMV in the left prefrontal lobe, the left midcingulate cortex, and the brainstem in schizophrenia patients. However, we did not find any correlations of NGF serum levels with GMV in healthy controls. Schizophrenia patients showed smaller GMV than healthy controls in brain regions located in the bilateral limbic system, bilateral parietal lobe, bilateral insula, bilateral primary auditory cortex, left frontal lobe, and bilateral occipital regions. In a conjunction analysis, GMV in the left midcingulate cortex (MCC) appears negatively correlated to NGF serum levels in the group of schizophrenia patients and also to be reduced compared to healthy controls. These results suggest an increased vulnerability of schizophrenia patients to changes in NGF levels compared to healthy controls and support a role for NGF signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. As our pilot study is exploratory in nature, further studies enrolling larger sample sizes will be needed to further corroborate our findings and to investigate the influence of additional covariates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Neugebauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christine Hammans
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Wensing
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Grodd
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lea Mevissen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Melanie A Sternkopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ana Novakovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ted Abel
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tarcijonas G, Sarpal DK. Neuroimaging markers of antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia: An overview of magnetic resonance imaging studies. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 131:104209. [PMID: 29953933 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are the primary treatment for psychosis, yet individual response to their administration remains variable. At present, no biological predictors of response exist to guide clinicians as they select treatments for patients, and our understanding of the neurobiology underlying the heterogeneity of outcomes remains limited. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been applied by numerous studies to examine the response to antipsychotic treatment, though a large gap remains between their results and our clinical practice. To advance patient care with precision medicine approaches, prior work must be accounted for and built upon with future studies. This review provides an overview of studies that relate treatment outcome to various MRI-related measures, including structural, spectroscopic, diffusion tensor, and functional imaging. Knowledge derived from these studies will be discussed along with future directions for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goda Tarcijonas
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Ayesa-Arriola R, Delgado-Alvarado M, Robinson JL, Lopez-Morinigo J, Pujol J, Dominguez-Ballesteros ME, David AS, Crespo-Facorro B. The right occipital lobe and poor insight in first-episode psychosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197715. [PMID: 29856773 PMCID: PMC5983855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of insight is a core feature of non-affective psychosis and has been associated with poorer outcomes. Brain abnormalities underlying lack of insight have been suggested, mostly in the frontal lobe, although previous research showed mixed results. We used a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis in 108 first-episode non-affective psychosis patients to investigate the pattern of brain structural abnormalities related to lack of insight. In addition, 77 healthy volunteers were compared with the patients classified as having poor and good insight. The shortened version of the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder was used to evaluate insight. Patients with poor insight (n = 68) compared with patients with good insight (n = 40) showed a single significant cluster (kc = 5834; PcFWE = 0.001) of reduced grey matter volume (GMV) in the right occipital lobe extending to its lateral and medial surfaces, the cuneus, and the middle temporal gyrus. In addition, GMV at this cluster showed a negative correlation with the score of the SUMD (r = -0.305; p = 0.001). When comparing patients with poor insight with healthy subjects overall reductions of GMV were found, mainly in frontal and occipital lobes. Hence, poor insight in non-affective psychosis seems to be associated with specific brain abnormalities in the right occipital and temporal cortical regions. Dysfunction in any combination of these areas may contribute to lack of insight in non-affective psychosis. Specifically, the 'right' hemisphere dysfunction underlying impaired insight in our sample is consistent with previously reported similarities between lack of insight in psychosis and anosognosia in neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities,Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Alvarado
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities,Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Jennifer L. Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn University Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Javier Lopez-Morinigo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesus Pujol
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- MRI Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anthony S. David
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Delvecchio G, Pigoni A, Perlini C, Barillari M, Versace A, Ruggeri M, Altamura AC, Bellani M, Brambilla P. A diffusion weighted imaging study of basal ganglia in schizophrenia. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2018. [PMID: 28643537 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2017.1340650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies provided evidence of selective brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, both in cortical and subcortical structures. Basal ganglia are of particular interest, given not only the high concentration of dopaminergic neurons and receptors, but also for their crucial role in cognitive functions, commonly impaired in schizophrenia. To date, very few studies explored basal ganglia using diffusion imaging, which is sensitive to microstructural organization in brain tissues. The aim of our study is to explore basal ganglia structures with diffusion imaging in a sizeable sample of patients affected by schizophrenia and healthy controls. METHODS We enrolled 52 subjects affected by schizophrenia according to DMS-IV-R criteria and 46 healthy controls. Diffusion weighted images were obtained using a 1.5 Tesla scanner and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were determined in axial and coronal sections at the level of basal ganglia. RESULTS Patients affected by schizophrenia showed a significantly higher ADC compared to healthy controls in the left anterior lenticular nucleus (F = 3.9, p = .05). A significant positive correlation between right anterior lenticular nucleus and psychotropic dosages was found (r = 0.4, p = .01). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence of lenticular nucleus microstructure alterations in schizophrenia, potentially sustaining cognitive and motor deficits in schizophrenia. Key points The basal ganglia structures was explored with diffusion imaging in a sizeable sample of patients affected by schizophrenia and healthy controls. Patients affected by schizophrenia showed a significantly higher ADC compared to healthy controls in the left anterior lenticular nucleus. Our study provides evidence of lenticular nucleus microstructure alterations in schizophrenia, potentially sustaining cognitive and motor deficits in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Delvecchio
- a IRCCS "E. Medea" Scientific Institute , San Vito al Tagliamento (PN) , Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- b Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- c Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology , University of Verona , Verona , Italy.,d InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Marco Barillari
- e Section of Neurology, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences , University Hospital of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Amelia Versace
- f Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- d InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy.,g Department of Public Health and Community Medicine , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - A Carlo Altamura
- b Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- d InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy.,g Department of Public Health and Community Medicine , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- b Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,h Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , University of Texas at Houston , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao X, Zhang W, Yao L, Xiao Y, Liu L, Liu J, Li S, Tao B, Shah C, Gong Q, Sweeney JA, Lui S. Association between structural and functional brain alterations in drug-free patients with schizophrenia: a multimodal meta-analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:131-142. [PMID: 29481320 PMCID: PMC5837885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies have shown both structural and functional abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. Recently, studies have begun to explore the association between structural and functional grey matter abnormalities. By conducting a meta-analysis on morphometric and functional imaging studies of grey matter alterations in drug-free patients, the present study aims to examine the degree of overlap between brain regions with anatomic and functional changes in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant publications. A multimodal analysis was then conducted using Seed-based d Mapping software. Exploratory analyses included jackknife, subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS We included 15 structural MRI studies comprising 486 drug-free patients and 485 healthy controls, and 16 functional MRI studies comprising 403 drug-free patients and 428 controls in our meta-analysis. Drug-free patients were examined to reduce pharmacological effects on the imaging data. Multimodal analysis showed considerable overlap between anatomic and functional changes, mainly in frontotemporal regions, bilateral medial posterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus, bilateral insula, basal ganglia and left cerebellum. There were also brain regions showing only anatomic changes in the right superior frontal gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, right lingual gyrus and functional alternations involving the right angular gyrus. LIMITATIONS The methodological aspects, patient characteristics and clinical variables of the included studies were heterogeneous, and we cannot exclude medication effects. CONCLUSION The present study showed overlapping anatomic and functional brain abnormalities mainly in the default mode (DMN) and auditory networks (AN) in drug-free patients with schizophrenia. However, the pattern of changes differed in these networks. Decreased grey matter was associated with decreased activation within the DMN, whereas it was associated with increased activation within the AN. These discrete patterns suggest different pathophysiological changes impacting structural and functional associations within different neural networks in patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Li Yao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Yuan Xiao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Lu Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Jieke Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Siyi Li
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Bo Tao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Chandan Shah
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Qiyong Gong
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - John A Sweeney
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Su Lui
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nelson EA, White DM, Kraguljac NV, Lahti AC. Gyrification Connectomes in Unmedicated Patients With Schizophrenia and Following a Short Course of Antipsychotic Drug Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:699. [PMID: 30618873 PMCID: PMC6306495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a d isease characterized by brain dysconnectivity and abnormal brain development. The study of cortical gyrification in schizophrenia may capture underlying alterations reflective of neurodevelopmental abnormalities more accurately than other imaging modalities. Graph-based connectomic approaches have been previously used in schizophrenia to study structural and functional brain covariance using a diversity of techniques. The goal of the present study was to evaluate morphological covariance using a measure of local gyrification index in patients with schizophrenia. The aims of this study were two-fold: (1) Evaluate the structural covariance of local gyrification index using graph theory measures of integration and segregation in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and (2) investigate changes in these measures following a short antipsychotic drug (APD) treatment. Using a longitudinal prospective design, structural scans were obtained prior to treatment in 34 unmedicated patients with SZ and after 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone. To control for the effect of time, 23 matched healthy controls (HC) were also scanned twice, 6 weeks apart. The cortical surface of each structural image was reconstructed and local gyrification index values were computed using FreeSurfer. Local gyrification index values where then parcellated into atlas based regions and entered into a 68 × 68 correlation matrix to construct local gyrification index connectomes for each group at each time point. Longitudinal comparisons showed significant group by time interactions for measures of segregation (clustering, local efficiency) and modularity, but not for measures of integration (path length, global efficiency). Post-hoc tests showed increased clustering, local efficiency, and modularity connectomes in unmedicated patients with SZ at baseline compared to HC. Post-hoc tests did not show significant within group differences for HCs or patients with SZ. After 6 weeks of treatment, there were no significant differences between the groups on these measures. Abnormal cortical topography is detected in schizophrenia and is modified by short term APD treatment reflective of decreases in hyper-specialization in network connectivity. We speculate that changes in the structural organization of the brain is achieved through the neuroplastic effects that APDs have on brain tissue, thus promoting more efficient brain connections and, possibly, a therapeutic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David M White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nina V Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gao X, Zhang W, Yao L, Xiao Y, Liu L, Liu J, Li S, Tao B, Shah C, Gong Q, Sweeney JA, Lui S. Association between structural and functional brain alterations in drug-free patients with schizophrenia: a multimodal meta-analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 43:160219. [PMID: 29244020 PMCID: PMC5837885 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.160219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies have shown both structural and functional abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. Recently, studies have begun to explore the association between structural and functional grey matter abnormalities. By conducting a meta-analysis on morphometric and functional imaging studies of grey matter alterations in drug-free patients, the present study aims to examine the degree of overlap between brain regions with anatomic and functional changes in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant publications. A multimodal analysis was then conducted using Seed-based d Mapping software. Exploratory analyses included jackknife, subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS We included 15 structural MRI studies comprising 486 drug-free patients and 485 healthy controls, and 16 functional MRI studies comprising 403 drug-free patients and 428 controls in our meta-analysis. Drug-free patients were examined to reduce pharmacological effects on the imaging data. Multimodal analysis showed considerable overlap between anatomic and functional changes, mainly in frontotemporal regions, bilateral medial posterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus, bilateral insula, basal ganglia and left cerebellum. There were also brain regions showing only anatomic changes in the right superior frontal gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, right lingual gyrus and functional alternations involving the right angular gyrus. LIMITATIONS The methodological aspects, patient characteristics and clinical variables of the included studies were heterogeneous, and we cannot exclude medication effects. CONCLUSION The present study showed overlapping anatomic and functional brain abnormalities mainly in the default mode (DMN) and auditory networks (AN) in drug-free patients with schizophrenia. However, the pattern of changes differed in these networks. Decreased grey matter was associated with decreased activation within the DMN, whereas it was associated with increased activation within the AN. These discrete patterns suggest different pathophysiological changes impacting structural and functional associations within different neural networks in patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Li Yao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Yuan Xiao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Lu Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Jieke Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Siyi Li
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Bo Tao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Chandan Shah
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Qiyong Gong
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - John A Sweeney
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Su Lui
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
de Bartolomeis A, Buonaguro EF, Latte G, Rossi R, Marmo F, Iasevoli F, Tomasetti C. Immediate-Early Genes Modulation by Antipsychotics: Translational Implications for a Putative Gateway to Drug-Induced Long-Term Brain Changes. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:240. [PMID: 29321734 PMCID: PMC5732183 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of research aims at recognizing the molecular mechanisms involved in long-lasting brain architectural changes induced by antipsychotic treatments. Although both structural and functional modifications have been identified following acute antipsychotic administration in humans, currently there is scarce knowledge on the enduring consequences of these acute changes. New insights in immediate-early genes (IEGs) modulation following acute or chronic antipsychotic administration may help to fill the gap between primary molecular response and putative long-term changes. Moreover, a critical appraisal of the spatial and temporal patterns of IEGs expression may shed light on the functional "signature" of antipsychotics, such as the propensity to induce motor side effects, the potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying the differences between antipsychotics beyond D2 dopamine receptor affinity, as well as the relevant effects of brain region-specificity in their mechanisms of action. The interest for brain IEGs modulation after antipsychotic treatments has been revitalized by breakthrough findings such as the role of early genes in schizophrenia pathophysiology, the involvement of IEGs in epigenetic mechanisms relevant for cognition, and in neuronal mapping by means of IEGs expression profiling. Here we critically review the evidence on the differential modulation of IEGs by antipsychotics, highlighting the association between IEGs expression and neuroplasticity changes in brain regions impacted by antipsychotics, trying to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning the effects of this class of drugs on psychotic, cognitive and behavioral symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta F Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Latte
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Marmo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dieleman N, Koek HL, Hendrikse J. Short-term mechanisms influencing volumetric brain dynamics. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 16:507-513. [PMID: 28971004 PMCID: PMC5609861 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain analysis tools, it has become possible to measure brain volume changes up to around 0.5%. Besides long-term brain changes caused by atrophy in aging or neurodegenerative disease, short-term mechanisms that influence brain volume may exist. When we focus on short-term changes of the brain, changes may be either physiological or pathological. As such determining the cause of volumetric dynamics of the brain is essential. Additionally for an accurate interpretation of longitudinal brain volume measures by means of neurodegeneration, knowledge about the short-term changes is needed. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms influencing brain volumes on a short-term basis and set-out a framework of MRI techniques to be used for volumetric changes as well as the used analysis tools. 3D T1-weighted images are the images of choice when it comes to MRI of brain volume. These images are excellent to determine brain volume and can be used together with an analysis tool to determine the degree of volume change. Mechanisms that decrease global brain volume are: fluid restriction, evening MRI measurements, corticosteroids, antipsychotics and short-term effects of pathological processes like Alzheimer's disease, hypertension and Diabetes mellitus type II. Mechanisms increasing the brain volume include fluid intake, morning MRI measurements, surgical revascularization and probably medications like anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-hypertensive medication. Exercise was found to have no effect on brain volume on a short-term basis, which may imply that dehydration caused by exercise differs from dehydration by fluid restriction. In the upcoming years, attention should be directed towards studies investigating physiological short-term changes within the light of long-term pathological changes. Ultimately this may lead to a better understanding of the physiological short-term effects of pathological processes and may aid in early detection of these diseases. Fluid-restriction, evening MRI, corticosteroids, & antipsychotics decrease volume Fluid-intake, morning MRI, surgical revascularization & medications increase volume Short-term changes within the light of long-term pathological changes should be investigated Short-term changes may introduce bias in longitudinal data
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Dieleman
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Huiberdina L Koek
- Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Progressive cortical reorganisation: A framework for investigating structural changes in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 79:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|