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Padalhin A, Abueva C, Ryu HS, Yoo SH, Seo HH, Park SY, Chung PS, Woo SH. Impact of Thermo-Responsive N-Acetylcysteine Hydrogel on Dermal Wound Healing and Oral Ulcer Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4835. [PMID: 38732054 PMCID: PMC11084650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the efficacy of a thermo-responsive N-acetylcysteine (NAC) hydrogel on wound healing and oral ulcer recovery. Formulated by combining NAC with methylcellulose, the hydrogel's properties were assessed for temperature-induced gelation and cell viability using human fibroblast cells. In vivo experiments on Sprague Dawley rats compared the hydrogel's effects against saline, NAC solution, and a commercial NAC product. Results show that a 5% NAC and 1% methylcellulose solution exhibited optimal outcomes. While modest improvements in wound healing were observed, significant enhancements were noted in oral ulcer recovery, with histological analyses indicating fully regenerated mucosal tissue. The study concludes that modifying viscosity enhances NAC retention, facilitating tissue regeneration. These findings support previous research on the beneficial effects of antioxidant application on damaged tissues, suggesting the potential of NAC hydrogels in improving wound care and oral ulcer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Padalhin
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (C.A.); (H.S.R.); (S.Y.P.); (P.-S.C.)
| | - Celine Abueva
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (C.A.); (H.S.R.); (S.Y.P.); (P.-S.C.)
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Ryu
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (C.A.); (H.S.R.); (S.Y.P.); (P.-S.C.)
| | - Seung Hyeon Yoo
- School of Medical Lasers, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (S.H.Y.); (H.H.S.)
| | - Hwee Hyon Seo
- School of Medical Lasers, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (S.H.Y.); (H.H.S.)
| | - So Young Park
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (C.A.); (H.S.R.); (S.Y.P.); (P.-S.C.)
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (C.A.); (H.S.R.); (S.Y.P.); (P.-S.C.)
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Woo
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (C.A.); (H.S.R.); (S.Y.P.); (P.-S.C.)
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Gorospe CM, Carvalho G, Herrera Curbelo A, Marchhart L, Mendes IC, Niedźwiecka K, Wanrooij PH. Mitochondrial membrane potential acts as a retrograde signal to regulate cell cycle progression. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302091. [PMID: 37696576 PMCID: PMC10494934 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central to numerous metabolic pathways whereby mitochondrial dysfunction has a profound impact and can manifest in disease. The consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction can be ameliorated by adaptive responses that rely on crosstalk from the mitochondria to the rest of the cell. Such mito-cellular signalling slows cell cycle progression in mitochondrial DNA-deficient (ρ0) Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, but the initial trigger of the response has not been thoroughly studied. Here, we show that decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) acts as the initial signal of mitochondrial stress that delays G1-to-S phase transition in both ρ0 and control cells containing mtDNA. Accordingly, experimentally increasing ΔΨm was sufficient to restore timely cell cycle progression in ρ0 cells. In contrast, cellular levels of oxidative stress did not correlate with the G1-to-S delay. Restored G1-to-S transition in ρ0 cells with a recovered ΔΨm is likely attributable to larger cell size, whereas the timing of G1/S transcription remained delayed. The identification of ΔΨm as a regulator of cell cycle progression may have implications for disease states involving mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choco Michael Gorospe
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Carvalho
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alicia Herrera Curbelo
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisa Marchhart
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Isabela C Mendes
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Niedźwiecka
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina H Wanrooij
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Kolba N, Tako E. Effective alternatives for dietary interventions for necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review of in vivo studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37971890 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2281623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates and low birth weight children in the United States. Current treatment options, such as antibiotics and intestinal resections, often result in complications related to pediatric nutrition and development. This systematic review aimed to identify alternative dietary bioactive compounds that have shown promising outcomes in ameliorating NEC in vivo studies conducted within the past six years. Following PRISMA guidelines and registering in PROSPERO (CRD42023330617), we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Our analysis included 19 studies, predominantly involving in vivo models of rats (Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus). The findings revealed that various types of compounds have demonstrated successful amelioration of NEC symptoms. Specifically, six studies employed plant phenolics, seven utilized plant metabolites/cytotoxic chemicals, three explored the efficacy of vitamins, and three investigated the potential of whole food extracts. Importantly, all administered compounds exhibited positive effects in mitigating the disease. These results highlight the potential of natural cytotoxic chemicals derived from medicinal plants in identifying and implementing powerful alternative drugs and therapies for NEC. Such approaches have the capacity to impact multiple pathways involved in the development and progression of NEC symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Dogan Buzoglu H, Ozcan M, Bozdemir O, Aydin Akkurt KS, Zeybek ND, Bayazit Y. Evaluation of oxidative stress cycle in healthy and inflamed dental pulp tissue: a laboratory investigation. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5913-5923. [PMID: 37642737 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress cycle consisting of reactive oxygen molecules (ROS), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in caries-related pulp inflammation. METHODOLOGY Fifty-four pulp tissue samples were collected from healthy donors with the diagnosis of reversible pulpitis, symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, and healthy pulp. Twelve pulp samples from each group were homogenized and total protein, ROS, GSH, and GST were measured by spectrophotometer. The remaining 6 samples from each group were prepared for paraffin block and used for the histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of oxidative stress parameters and TUNEL labeling. Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The results revealed that total protein levels significantly decreased; however, ROS levels increased in both reversible and irreversible pulpitis compared to the healthy pulp (p < 0.01). Also, as inflammation increases, GST enzyme levels decrease while GSH levels increase significantly (p < 0.05). It was found that the number of TUNEL (+) cells was increased in irreversible pulpitis samples compared to healthy and reversible pulpitis groups (p < 0.05). GSTP1 and GSH immunoreactivity were also observed in irreversible pulpitis samples. CONCLUSIONS It has been revealed that caries-related inflammation alters the oxidative stress cycle in dental pulp tissue. The increase in GSH levels in the inflamed dental pulp due to the increase in ROS levels may improve the defensive ability of the dental pulp. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is a relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation. Control of excessive oxidative stress in pulpitis can stimulate reparative and regenerative processes. The present findings may provide an overview of the management of oxidative stress in cases with pulpitis during regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dogan Buzoglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06230, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - M Ozcan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - O Bozdemir
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K S Aydin Akkurt
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N D Zeybek
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y Bayazit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Moralez PF, Kantovitz KR, Martinez EF, Teixeira LN, Demasi AP. In vitro cytotoxicity of resin cement and its influence on the expression of antioxidant genes. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA LATINOAMERICANA : AOL 2023; 36:120-127. [PMID: 37776509 PMCID: PMC10557080 DOI: 10.54589/aol.36/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated cytotoxicity and antioxidant gene expression of resin cements on human gingival fibroblasts (hGF). MATERIALS AND METHOD RelyX Ultimate™(RXU), Variolink™II(VLII), and RelyXU200™(RXU200) resin cements were incubated with culture medium for 24 h to obtain eluates. Then, the eluates were applied over hGF to assess cell viability at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h and antioxidant gene expression at 24 h. hGF cultures non-exposed to the eluates were used as Control. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α≤0.05). RESULTS RXU and RXU200 reduced the number of viable cells in 24 h. Longer exposure to cement extracts caused cell death. Gene expression showed peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) induction by all resin cement types, and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) induction by RXU200 and VLII. Moreover, RXU200 induced not only PRDX1 and SOD1, but also glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione synthetase (GSS). CONCLUSIONS All resin cements showed toxicity, and induced antioxidant genes in hGF. Antioxidant gene induction is at least partly associated with cytotoxicity of tested cements to oxidative stress experience.
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Bushana PN, Schmidt MA, Chang KM, Vuong T, Sorg BA, Wisor JP. Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Sleep: Impacts of Sex and Time of Day. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1124. [PMID: 37237990 PMCID: PMC10215863 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) is accompanied by a decrease in cerebral metabolism, which reduces the consumption of glucose as a fuel source and decreases the overall accumulation of oxidative stress in neural and peripheral tissues. Enabling this metabolic shift towards a reductive redox environment may be a central function of sleep. Therefore, biochemical manipulations that potentiate cellular antioxidant pathways may facilitate this function of sleep. N-acetylcysteine increases cellular antioxidant capacity by serving as a precursor to glutathione. In mice, we observed that intraperitoneal administration of N-acetylcysteine at a time of day when sleep drive is naturally high accelerated the onset of sleep and reduced NREMS delta power. Additionally, N-acetylcysteine administration suppressed slow and beta electroencephalographic (EEG) activities during quiet wake, further demonstrating the fatigue-inducing properties of antioxidants and the impact of redox balance on cortical circuit properties related to sleep drive. These results implicate redox reactions in the homeostatic dynamics of cortical network events across sleep/wake cycles, illustrating the value of timing antioxidant administration relative to sleep/wake cycles. A systematic review of the relevant literature, summarized herein, indicates that this "chronotherapeutic hypothesis" is unaddressed within the clinical literature on antioxidant therapy for brain disorders such as schizophrenia. We, therefore, advocate for studies that systematically address the relationship between the time of day at which an antioxidant therapy is administered relative to sleep/wake cycles and the therapeutic benefit of that antioxidant treatment in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N. Bushana
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (K.M.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Michelle A. Schmidt
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (K.M.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Kevin M. Chang
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (K.M.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Trisha Vuong
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (K.M.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Barbara A. Sorg
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA;
| | - Jonathan P. Wisor
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (K.M.C.); (T.V.)
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Hamedinasab H, Rezayan AH, Jaafari MR, Mashreghi M, Alvandi H. The Protective Effect of N-acetylcysteine against Liposome and Chitosan-Induced Cytotoxicity. J Microencapsul 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37147916 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2209646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant used to moderate liposome and chitosan-Induced cell cytotoxicity at their high concentrations. METHODS liposome and chitosan were prepared and characterized. The cytotoxicity effect of liposome with NAC-loaded liposome (liposome-NAC) and chitosan solution with chitosan solution containing NAC (chitosan-NAC) on the A549 cell line was compared. RESULTS Particle size, zeta potential, and NAC drug release for liposome were 125.9 ± 8 nm, -34.7 ± 2.1 mv, and 51.1% ±3%, respectively. SEM (Scanning electron microscope) and TEM (Transmission electron microscope) indicated spherical shape of liposome. Encapsulation efficiency of liposome-NAC was 12% ±0.98%. Particle size and zeta potential for chitosan solution were 361 ± 11.3 nm and 10.8 ± 1.52 mv. Stability storage study indicated good stability of chitosan and liposome. Cell viability of liposome-NAC and chitosan-NAC significantly was higher than liposome and chitosan at all four concentrations. CONCLUSION NAC has a protective effect against liposome and chitosan-induced cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hamedinasab
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hossein Rezayan
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hale Alvandi
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
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Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Mechanism of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate via Genotoxicity and the Mitochondrial-Dependent Intrinsic Caspase Pathway and Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation in Macrophages. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163378. [PMID: 36015636 PMCID: PMC9412604 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are mainly active cells of the immune system and play a role in the defense of pathogens. However, the overactivation of macrophages by fatal pathogens can result in toxic responses. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), which is a hydrophilic monomer, is used in dental adhesive reagents and composite resins as well as biocompatible hydrogels. The mechanisms underlying the genotoxicity engendered by HEMA-induced apoptosis that leads to cytotoxicity remain unclear. Accordingly, this study was conducted to clarify such mechanisms. The results showed that HEMA induced cell toxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages depending on the concentration. A higher HEMA concentration was associated with a higher level of apoptosis and genotoxicity. Moreover, HEMA induced a concentration-dependent increase in mitochondrial dysfunction and the intrinsic caspase pathway, including the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. HEMA was also found to upregulate intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and to decrease the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase. Taken together, the mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic caspase pathway and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation were found to mediate HEMA-induced genotoxicity and apoptosis, leading to cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages.
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Akt-GSK3β-mPTP pathway regulates the mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to odontoblasts apoptosis induced by glucose oxidative stress. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:168. [PMID: 35383148 PMCID: PMC8983683 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus can cause dental pulp cells apoptosis by oxidative stress, and affect the integrity and function of dental pulp tissue. Mitochondria are the main attack targets of oxidative stress and have a critical role in apoptosis. However, whether mitochondria are involved in dental pulp damage caused by diabetes mellitus remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondria in the apoptosis of odontoblast-like cell line (mDPC6T) induced by glucose oxidative stress, and to explore its possible mechanism. We established an oxidative stress model in vitro using glucose oxidase/glucose to simulate the pathological state under diabetic conditions. We found that the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) contributed to the apoptosis of mDPC6T treated with glucose oxidase, as evidenced by enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and intracellular Ca2+ disorder, significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP production. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or Cyclosporine A (mPTP inhibitor) blocked the mPTP opening, which significantly attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by glucose oxidative stress. In addition, we found that glucose oxidative stress stimulated mPTP opening may through inhibition of Akt-GSK3β pathway. This study provides a new insight into the mitochondrial mechanism underlying diabetes-associated odontoblast-like cell apoptosis, laying a foundation for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-associated pulp injury.
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Makena MR, Ko M, Mekile AX, Senoo N, Dang DK, Warrington J, Buckhaults P, Talbot CC, Claypool SM, Rao R. Secretory pathway Ca 2+-ATPase SPCA2 regulates mitochondrial respiration and DNA damage response through store-independent calcium entry. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102240. [PMID: 35063802 PMCID: PMC8783100 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex interplay between the extracellular space, cytoplasm and individual organelles modulates Ca2+ signaling to impact all aspects of cell fate and function. In recent years, the molecular machinery linking endoplasmic reticulum stores to plasma membrane Ca2+ entry has been defined. However, the mechanism and pathophysiological relevance of store-independent modes of Ca2+ entry remain poorly understood. Here, we describe how the secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase SPCA2 promotes cell cycle progression and survival by activating store-independent Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane Orai1 channels in mammary epithelial cells. Silencing SPCA2 expression or briefly removing extracellular Ca2+ increased mitochondrial ROS production, DNA damage and activation of the ATM/ATR-p53 axis leading to G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Consistent with these findings, SPCA2 knockdown confers redox stress and chemosensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Unexpectedly, SPCA2-mediated Ca2+ entry into mitochondria is required for optimal cellular respiration and the generation of mitochondrial membrane potential. In hormone receptor positive (ER+/PR+) breast cancer subtypes, SPCA2 levels are high and correlate with poor survival prognosis. We suggest that elevated SPCA2 expression could drive pro-survival and chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells, and drugs that target store-independent Ca2+ entry pathways may have therapeutic potential in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monish Ram Makena
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myungjun Ko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allatah X Mekile
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - John Warrington
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Phillip Buckhaults
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rajini Rao
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Prosthetic Materials Used for Implant-Supported Restorations and Their Biochemical Oral Interactions: A Narrative Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031016. [PMID: 35160962 PMCID: PMC8839238 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to outline relevant elements regarding the biochemical interactions between prosthetic materials used for obtaining implant-supported restorations and the oral environment. Implant-supported prostheses have seen unprecedented development in recent years, benefiting from the emergence of both new prosthetic materials (with increased biocompatibility and very good mechanical behavior), and computerized manufacturing technologies, which offer predictability, accuracy, and reproducibility. On the other hand, the quality of conventional materials for obtaining implant-supported prostheses is acknowledged, as they have already proven their clinical performance. The properties of PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate))-which is a representative interim material frequently used in prosthodontics-and of PEEK (polyether ether ketone)-a biomaterial which is placed on the border between interim and final prosthetic use-are highlighted in order to illustrate the complex way these materials interact with the oral environment. In regard to definitive prosthetic materials used for obtaining implant-supported prostheses, emphasis is placed on zirconia-based ceramics. Zirconia exhibits several distinctive advantages (excellent aesthetics, good mechanical behavior, biocompatibility), through which its clinical applicability has become increasingly wide. Zirconia's interaction with the oral environment (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, dental pulp cells, macrophages) is presented in a relevant synthesis, thus revealing its good biocompatibility.
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12
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Wei X, Pan Y, Wang M, Wang Y, Lin H, Jiang L, Lin D, Cheng H. Comparative analysis of leaching residual monomer and biological effects of four types of conventional and CAD/CAM dental polymers: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:2887-2898. [PMID: 35083585 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate leaching residual monomer and biological effects of four types of conventional and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental polymers on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 540 disk-shaped specimens were fabricated from four different materials (n=135 per group): compression-molding polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (conventional denture polymer), CAD/CAM PMMA (CAD/CAM denture polymer), bis-acrylic composite resin (conventional temporary polymer), and CAD/CAM PMMA (CAD/CAM temporary polymer). Specimens were eluted in cell culture medium for 72 h at 37°C, and the residual monomer in eluates subsequently was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biological effects of material eluates on HGFs were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify cell death patterns and its biological mechanism. RESULTS Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was detected only in compression-molding PMMA, and by-products were detected in bis-acrylic composite resin. The cell proliferation of CAD/CAM denture polymer or CAD/CAM temporary polymer was greater than that of compression-molding PMMA or bis-acrylic composite resin at 72 h in culture. No apoptosis and necrosis were detected in CAD/CAM dental polymers. Apoptosis was detected only in bis-acrylic composite resin and further confirmed by the upregulation of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3, as well as the downregulation of Bcl-2 gene. And no significant variation in inflammatory cytokines secretion was observed in all materials. CONCLUSIONS CAD/CAM dental polymers (including temporary and denture polymers) have favorable biocompatibility due to lower residual monomer, which provides scientific evidence to the controversy of biocompatibility of conventional and CAD/CAM dental polymers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of CAD/CAM dental polymers is recommended in the fabrication of temporary restorations and dentures due to their favorable biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Institute of Stomatology and Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Honglei Lin
- Institute of Stomatology and Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Institute of Stomatology and Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Donghong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China.
| | - Hui Cheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China.
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N-Acetylcysteine Reverses Monocrotophos Exposure-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Damage via Mitigating Apoptosis, Inflammation and Structural Changes in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010090. [PMID: 35052593 PMCID: PMC8773366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated tissue damage is primarily involved in hepatic injuries and dysfunctioning. Natural antioxidants have been shown to exert hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. The present study evaluated the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against monocrotophos (MCP) exposure-induced toxicity in the rat liver. Albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) NAC-treated, (3) MCP-exposure, (4) NAC and MCP-coexposure group. The dose of MCP (0.9 mg/kg b.wt) and NAC (200 mg/kg b.wt) were administered orally for 28 days. Exposure to MCP caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and decreased glutathione content along with the depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities. Further MCP exposure increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and upregulated Bax and Caspase-3 expressions. MCP exposure also caused an array of structural alternations in liver tissue, as depicted by the histological and electron microscopic analysis. Thepretreatment of NAC improved glutathione content, restored antioxidant enzyme activities, prevented oxidation of lipids and proteins, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and normalized apoptotic protein expression. Treatment of NAC also prevented histological and ultrastructural alternations. Thus, the study represents the therapeutic efficacy and antioxidant potential of NAC against MCP exposure in the rat liver.
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Guo S, Burcus NI, Scott M, Jing Y, Semenov I. The role of reactive oxygen species in the immunity induced by nano-pulse stimulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23745. [PMID: 34887493 PMCID: PMC8660900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of tumor cells treated with Nano-Pulse Stimulation (NPS). Recently, ROS have been suggested as a contributing factor in immunogenic cell death and T cell-mediated immunity. This research further investigated the role of NPS induced ROS in antitumor immunity. ROS production in 4T1-luc breast cancer cells was characterized using three detection reagents, namely, Amplex Red, MitoSox Red, and Dihydroethidium. The efficiency of ROS quenching was evaluated in the presence or absence of ROS scavengers and/or antioxidants. The immunogenicity of NPS treated tumor cells was assessed by ex vivo dendritic cell activation, in vivo vaccination assay and in situ vaccination with NPS tumor ablation. We found that NPS treatment enhanced the immunogenicity of 4T1-luc mouse mammary tumor, resulted in a potent in situ vaccination protection and induced long-term T cell immunity. ROS production derived from NPS treated breast cancer cells was an electric pulse dose-dependent phenomenon. Noticeably, the dynamic pattern of hydrogen peroxide production was different from that of superoxide production. Interestingly, regardless of NPS treatment, different ROS scavengers could either block or promote ROS production and stimulate or inhibit tumor cell growth. The activation of dendritic cells was not influenced by blocking ROS generation. The results from in vivo vaccination with NPS treated cancer cells suggests that ROS generation was not a prerequisite for immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA.
| | - Niculina I. Burcus
- grid.261368.80000 0001 2164 3177Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
| | - Megan Scott
- grid.261368.80000 0001 2164 3177Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
| | - Yu Jing
- grid.261368.80000 0001 2164 3177Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
| | - Iurii Semenov
- grid.261368.80000 0001 2164 3177Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
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15
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Reidelbach C, Garcia-Käufer M, Wingert N, Arif A, Vach K, Hellwig E, Gminski R, Polydorou O. Cytotoxicity and estrogenicity in simulated dental wastewater after grinding of resin-based materials. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1486-1497. [PMID: 34376295 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the cytotoxic and estrogenic effects of dust and eluates released into simulated wastewater after grinding of dental resin-based materials. METHODS Four materials were used: ceram.x® universal, Filtek™ Supreme XTE, Lava™ Ultimate and Core-X™ flow. From each composite material, samples (5 × 2 mm, n = 50) were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. Lava™ Ultimate was used as blocks. All samples were ground to dust with a diamond bur (106 μm) and suspended in distilled water at 60 mg/mL. After storage for 72 h, the suspensions were separated into a soluble (eluate) and a particulate (dust) fraction. Eluates and dusts were evaluated for inhibition of Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence and cytotoxicity on human A549 lung cells (WST-1-Assay). The estrogenic activity was assessed by YES-Assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additionally, dental monomers (BisGMA, BisEMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, HEMA) and Bisphenol A were investigated. RESULTS All eluates showed inhibition of V. fischeri bioluminescence at concentrations above 1.1 mg/mL (p < 0.05). The activity of the eluates of ceram.x® universal and Filtek™ Supreme XTE was significantly higher than Lava™ Ultimate and Core-X™ flow (p < 0.05). In the WST-1-Assay, all materials induced cytotoxic effects at concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were detected among them. The tested materials revealed no estrogenic activity. All dental monomers and Bisphenol A showed concentration dependent cytotoxic effects (p < 0.05), whereas only Bisphenol A induced an estrogenic effect (p < 0.01). SIGNIFICANCE Dust and eluates of resin-based dental materials released into wastewater exert bactericidal and cytotoxic effects in vitro. However, they reveal no estrogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reidelbach
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - M Garcia-Käufer
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - N Wingert
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Arif
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Gminski
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Polydorou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Adeshakin FO, Adeshakin AO, Liu Z, Lu X, Cheng J, Zhang P, Yan D, Zhang G, Wan X. Upregulation of V-ATPase by STAT3 Activation Promotes Anoikis Resistance and Tumor Metastasis. J Cancer 2021; 12:4819-4829. [PMID: 34234852 PMCID: PMC8247373 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer mortality results from metastatic tumor cells and not the localized tumor. Overcoming anoikis is one of the most important steps for detached tumor cells to migrate and metastasize. However, the molecular mechanisms remain to be fully deciphered. Herein, our study revealed upregulation of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) in cancer cells during ECM detachment plays a key role in anoikis evasion. V-ATPase is an enzyme complex that utilizes energy from ATP hydrolysis to maintain cellular homeostasis and had been reported to enhance cancer progression. In this study, V-ATPase inhibition sensitized human cervical cancer, breast cancer, and murine melanoma cells to anoikis via increased ROS production, accumulation of misfolded protein, and impaired pulmonary metastasis in vivo. Scavenging ROS restored anoikis resistance and clearance of misfolded protein accumulation in the tumor cells. Mechanistically, STAT3 upregulates V-ATPase expression while blockade of STAT3 activity repressed V-ATPase expression in these tumor cells as well as sensitized cells to anoikis, increased ROS production, and misfolded protein accumulation. Altogether, our data demonstrate an unreported role of STAT3 in mediating the upregulation of V-ATPase to promote anoikis resistance, thus provides an alternative option to target cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funmilayo O Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Adeleye O Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Guangdong Immune Cell therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxu Lu
- Guangdong Immune Cell therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Guangdong Immune Cell therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Dehong Yan
- Guangdong Immune Cell therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Guangdong Immune Cell therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
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17
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Yan G, Guo Y, Guo J, Wang Q, Wang C, Wang X. N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Osteolysis by Restoring Bone Remodeling Balance via Reduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Formation During Osteoclastogenesis. Inflammation 2021; 43:1279-1292. [PMID: 32103436 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases affect bone and teeth health tremendously. Characterized by osteolytic lesion and hyperactive osteoclastogenesis, inflammatory bone diseases are short of effective therapeutics and therefore highlight the importance of understanding pathogenesis and developing ideal medications. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a prominent role in the innate immune response of activated macrophages, as well as in the physiological signaling of osteoclasts (OCs) differentiation. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a potent ROS scavenger and a potential option for treating diseases characterized by excessive ROS generation. However, whether NAC can protect physiological bone remodeling from in vivo inflammatory conditions is largely undefined. We applied NAC treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory osteolysis mice model and found that NAC could attenuate bone erosion and protect mice against LPS-induced osteolysis, due to the suppressive effect on osteoclastogenesis and stimulated effect on osteogenesis. Moreover, in vitro study demonstrated that, in OC precursors (pre-OCs), LPS-stimulated expressions of OC marker genes, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 (Acp5), cathepsin K (Ctsk), OC stimulatory transmembrane protein (Oc-stamp), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dc-stamp), and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), were all reduced because of the NAC pretreatment, thereby adversely affecting OC function including F-actin ring formation and bone resorption. Further mechanism study showed that NAC blocked LPS-induced ROS formation in both macrophages and pre-OCs, cutting off the LPS-stimulated autocrine/paracrine mechanism during inflammatory osteolysis. Our findings reveal that NAC attenuates inflammatory osteolysis via the elimination of ROS formation during LPS-stimulated osteoclastogenesis, and provide a potential therapeutic approach to treat inflammatory bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingwen Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117# Nanjingbei Street, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China.
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18
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Schwalfenberg GK. N-Acetylcysteine: A Review of Clinical Usefulness (an Old Drug with New Tricks). J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:9949453. [PMID: 34221501 PMCID: PMC8211525 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9949453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the clinical usefulness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as treatment or adjunctive therapy in a number of medical conditions. Use in Tylenol overdose, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive lung disease has been well documented, but there is emerging evidence many other conditions would benefit from this safe, simple, and inexpensive intervention. Quality of Evidence. PubMed, several books, and conference proceedings were searched for articles on NAC and health conditions listed above reviewing supportive evidence. This study uses a traditional integrated review format, and clinically relevant information is assessed using the American Family Physician Evidence-Based Medicine Toolkit. A table summarizing the potential mechanisms of action for N-acetylcysteine in these conditions is presented. Main Message. N-acetylcysteine may be useful as an adjuvant in treating various medical conditions, especially chronic diseases. These conditions include polycystic ovary disease, male infertility, sleep apnea, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, influenza, parkinsonism, multiple sclerosis, peripheral neuropathy, stroke outcomes, diabetic neuropathy, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, schizophrenia, bipolar illness, and obsessive compulsive disorder; it can also be useful as a chelator for heavy metals and nanoparticles. There are also a number of other conditions that may show benefit; however, the evidence is not as robust. CONCLUSION The use of N-acetylcysteine should be considered in a number of conditions as our population ages and levels of glutathione drop. Supplementation may contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality in some chronic conditions as outlined in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry K. Schwalfenberg
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, No. 301, 9509-156 Street, Edmonton T5P 4J5, AB, Canada
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19
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Weekate K, Chuenjitkuntaworn B, Chuveera P, Vaseenon S, Chompu-Inwai P, Ittichaicharoen J, Chattipakorn S, Srisuwan T. Alterations of mitochondrial dynamics, inflammation and mineralization potential of lipopolysaccharide-induced human dental pulp cells after exposure to N-acetyl cysteine, Biodentine or ProRoot MTA. Int Endod J 2021; 54:951-965. [PMID: 33503268 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), Biodentine, ProRoot MTA and their combinations, on cell viability, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, mineralization and on the expression of genes related to inflammatory cytokine production, mitochondrial dynamics and cell apoptosis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). METHODOLOGY Isolated hDPCs were exposed to 20 μg mL-1 of Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS for 24 h, before the experiment, except for the control group. Eight experimental groups were assigned: (i) control (hDPCs cultured in regular medium), (ii) +LPS (hDPCs cultured in LPS medium throughout the experiment), (iii) -LPS/Media, (iv) -LPS/BD, (v) -LPS/MTA, (vi) -LPS/NAC, (vii) -LPS/BD + NAC and (viii) -LPS/MTA + NAC. Cell viability was measured using Alamar blue assay at 24 and 48 h. Production of mtROS was evaluated at 6 and 24 h by MitoSOX Red and MitoTracker Green. The expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, Bcl-2, Bax, Mfn-2 and Drp-1 genes were investigated at 6 h using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For differentiation potential, cells were cultured in the osteogenic differentiation media and stained using Alizarin red assay at 14 and 21 days. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test and one-way anova were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS NAC was associated with significantly greater LPS-induced hDPC viability (P < 0.05). Both Biodentine and MTA extracts promoted cell survival, whereas the combination of NAC to these material extracts significantly increased the number of viable cells at 24 h (P < 0.05). Biodentine, MTA or NAC did not alter the mtROS level (P > 0.05). NAC supplementation to the MTA extract significantly reduced the level of IL-6 and TNF-α expression (P < 0.05). Regarding mitochondrial dynamics, the use of NAC alone promoted significant Mfn-2/Drp-1 expression (P < 0.05). Most of the groups exhibited a level of Bcl-2/Bax gene expression similar to that of the control group. The increases in mineralization productions were observed in most of the groups, except the LPS group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant effect of NAC was not evident under the LPS-induced condition in DPC in vitro. NAC combined either with Biodentine or MTA improved LPS-induced hDPCs survival at 24 h. The combination of NAC with MTA promoted mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Weekate
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - B Chuenjitkuntaworn
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - P Chuveera
- Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - S Vaseenon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - P Chompu-Inwai
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - J Ittichaicharoen
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - S Chattipakorn
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - T Srisuwan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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20
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Jariyamana N, Chuveera P, Dewi A, Leelapornpisid W, Ittichaicharoen J, Chattipakorn S, Srisuwan T. Effects of N-acetyl cysteine on mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial dynamics, and inflammation on lipopolysaccharide-treated human apical papilla cells. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3919-3928. [PMID: 33404763 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant molecule, has been used to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation. However, no studies have examined the effect of NAC in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NAC on cell survival, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, and inflammatory and mitochondria-related gene expression on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated apical papilla cells (APCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the NAC concentration, 5 and 10 mM NAC were administered to LPS-treated APCs. Cell proliferation was measured at 24, 48, and 72 h by using AlamarBlue® assay. The 5-mM concentration was further analyzed using different treatment durations: 10 min, 24 h, and the entire study period. The mtROS production was quantified using MitoSOX™ Red and MitoTracker™ Green. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α inflammatory genes and mitochondrial morphology-related genes (Mfn-2/Drp-1 and Bcl-2/Bax) at 6 and 24 h. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS Five-millimolar NAC promoted the highest LPS-treated APC proliferation. The use of 24-h NAC stimulated cell proliferation, whereas the entire-period NAC application (> 48 h) significantly reduced the cell number. The mtROS levels were slightly altered after NAC induction. Ten-minute NAC treatment downregulated the IL-6 and TNF-α expression, whereas the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and Mfn-2/Drp-1 ratios was upregulated at 6 h. CONCLUSIONS Under the LPS-induced inflammatory condition, NAC stimulated APC survival and decreased inflammation. Ten-minute NAC treatment was sufficient to reduce the level of inflammation and maintain the mitochondrial dynamics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ten-minute NAC application is sufficient to reduce the level of inflammation and maintain the mitochondrial dynamics. Therefore, NAC may be considered as a potential adjunctive irrigation solution in REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutcha Jariyamana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Patchanee Chuveera
- Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anat Dewi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Warat Leelapornpisid
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jitjiroj Ittichaicharoen
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tanida Srisuwan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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21
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Zieniewska I, Maciejczyk M, Zalewska A. The Effect of Selected Dental Materials Used in Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, Surgery, and Orthodontics as Well as during the Periodontal Treatment on the Redox Balance in the Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249684. [PMID: 33353105 PMCID: PMC7767252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a redox homeostasis disorder that results in oxidation of cell components and thus disturbs cell metabolism. OS is induced by numerous internal as well as external factors. According to recent studies, dental treatment may also be one of them. The aim of our work was to assess the effect of dental treatment on the redox balance of the oral cavity. We reviewed literature available in PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases, including the results from 2010 to 2020. Publications were searched according to the keywords: oxidative stress and dental monomers; oxidative stress and amalgam; oxidative stress and periodontitis, oxidative stress and braces, oxidative stress and titanium; oxidative stress and dental implants, oxidative stress and endodontics treatment, oxidative stress and dental treatment; and oxidative stress and dental composite. It was found that dental treatment with the use of composites, amalgams, glass-ionomers, materials for root canal filling/rinsing, orthodontic braces (made of various metal alloys), titanium implants, or whitening agents can disturb oral redox homeostasis by affecting the antioxidant barrier and increasing oxidative damage to salivary proteins, lipids, and DNA. Abnormal saliva secretion/composition was also observed in dental patients in the course of OS. It is suggested that the addition of antioxidants to dental materials or antioxidant therapy applied during dental treatment could protect the patient against harmful effects of OS in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zieniewska
- Doctoral Studies, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (I.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-022 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (I.Z.); (A.Z.)
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Kaufman G, Skrtic D. N-Acetyl Cysteine Modulates the Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Responses of Rescued Growth-Arrested Dental Pulp Microtissues Exposed to TEGDMA in ECM. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197318. [PMID: 33023018 PMCID: PMC7582816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is exposed to resin monomers leaching from capping materials. Toxic doses of the monomer, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), impact cell growth, enhance inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, and lead to tissue necrosis. A therapeutic agent is required to rescue growth-arrested tissues by continuing their development and modulating the exacerbated responses. The functionality of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) as a treatment was assessed by employing a 3D dental pulp microtissue platform. Immortalized and primary microtissues developed and matured in the extracellular matrix (ECM). TEGDMA was introduced at various concentrations. NAC was administered simultaneously with TEGDMA, before or after monomer addition during the development and after the maturation stages of the microtissue. Spatial growth was validated by confocal microscopy and image processing. Levels of inflammatory (COX2, NLRP3, IL-8) and oxidative stress (GSH, Nrf2) markers were quantified by immunoassays. NAC treatments, in parallel with TEGDMA challenge or post-challenge, resumed the growth of the underdeveloped microtissues and protected mature microtissues from deterioration. Growth recovery correlated with the alleviation of both responses by decreasing significantly the intracellular and extracellular levels of the markers. Our 3D/ECM-based dental pulp platform is an efficient tool for drug rescue screening. NAC supports compromised microtissues development, and immunomodulates and maintains the oxidative balance.
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Çelik N, Işcan Yapar M, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Nalcı KA. Influence of resveratrol application with pulp-capping materials on the genetic expression levels of stem cells. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1253-1263. [PMID: 32515014 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate in a laboratory setting the response of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to pulp-capping materials with and without resveratrol (RSV). METHODOLOGY Five materials, Calcimol LC, Life, TheraCal LC, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine, were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. Human MSCs were then exposed to these materials, with and without RSV, for 24 h (n = 8). Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay, and total cell death was quantified by annexin V-FITC staining with flow cytometry. The expression levels of the IL-8, IL-10, HBD-2 and BCL-2 genes were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data obtained from MTT test were analysed using one-way anova, and Tukey's multiple-comparison test. The paired Student t test was employed to compare the effects of materials on gene expression (significance level of 5%). RESULTS The group cell viabilities were Calcimol LC 53%, Life 43%, TheraCal LC 78%, ProRoot MTA 75% and Biodentine 78%. Calcimol LC and Life exhibited significant differences compared with the control groups (P < 0.05). The percentages of necrotic/late apoptotic cells associated with Calcimol LC and TheraCal LC were greater than in the other materials. However, when RSV was added to wells containing materials, cell viability increased to Calcimol LC 63%, Life 52%, TheraCal LC 82%, ProRoot MTA 91% and Biodentine 96%, and the percentages of early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic cells decreased. Calcimol LC + RSV and Life + RSV differed significantly from the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of IL-8 gene was high for all materials, ProRoot MTA caused significant overexpression, and the addition of RSV reduced the expression of IL-8 in the Calcimol LC, TheraCal LC and ProRoot MTA groups and led to increased expression of IL-10 in the Calcimol LC, Life and Biodentine groups. HBD-2 and BCL-2 exhibited increased expression in ProRoot MTA with RSV (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of RSV exerted a protective effect on MSCs and regulated the inflammatory process by altering the expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Çelik
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - M Işcan Yapar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - K A Nalcı
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Pituru SM, Greabu M, Totan A, Imre M, Pantea M, Spinu T, Tancu AMC, Popoviciu NO, Stanescu II, Ionescu E. A Review on the Biocompatibility of PMMA-Based Dental Materials for Interim Prosthetic Restorations with a Glimpse into their Modern Manufacturing Techniques. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13132894. [PMID: 32605174 PMCID: PMC7372356 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper's primary aim is to outline relevant aspects regarding the biocompatibility of PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate))-based materials used for obtaining interim prosthetic restorations, such as the interaction with oral epithelial cells, fibroblasts or dental pulp cells, the salivary oxidative stress response, and monomer release. Additionally, the oral environment's biochemical response to modern interim dental materials containing PMMA (obtained via subtractive or additive methods) is highlighted in this review. The studies included in this paper confirmed that PMMA-based materials interact in a complex way with the oral environment, and therefore, different concerns about the possible adverse oral effects caused by these materials were analyzed. Adjacent to these aspects, the present work describes several advantages of PMMA-based dental materials. Moreover, the paper underlines that recent scientific studies ascertain that the modern techniques used for obtaining interim prosthetic materials, milled PMMA, and 3D (three-dimensional) printed resins, have distinctive advantages compared to the conventional ones. However, considering the limited number of studies focusing on the chemical composition and biocompatibility of these modern interim prosthetic materials, especially for the 3D printed ones, more aspects regarding their interaction with the oral environment need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Mirel Pituru
- Department of Professional Organization and Medical Legislation-Malpractice, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Alexandra Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Marina Imre
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (A.M.C.T.)
| | - Mihaela Pantea
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Tudor Spinu
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Ana Maria Cristina Tancu
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (A.M.C.T.)
| | - Nicoleta Olivia Popoviciu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dento-Facial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.O.P.); (E.I.)
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ecaterina Ionescu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dento-Facial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.O.P.); (E.I.)
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Bovine Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract IMMUNEPOTENT-CRP Induces Selective ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:1598503. [PMID: 32587616 PMCID: PMC7298273 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1598503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies strengthen the immune system to fight multiple diseases such as infections, immunodeficiencies, and autoimmune diseases, and recently, they are being used as an adjuvant in cancer treatment. IMMUNEPOTENT-CRP (I-CRP) is an immunotherapy made of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) that has chemoprotective and immunomodulatory effects in different cellular populations of the immune system and antitumor activity in different cancer cell lines. Our recent results suggest that the antineoplastic effect of I-CRP is due to the characteristics of cancer cells. To confirm, we evaluated whether the selectivity is due to cell lineage or characteristics of cancer cells, testing cytotoxicity in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and their cell death mechanism. Here, we assessed the effect of I-CRP on cell viability and cell death. To determine the mechanism of cell death, we tested cell cycle, mitochondrial and nuclear alterations, and caspases and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their role in cell death mechanism. Our results show that I-CRP does not affect cell viability in noncancer cells and induces selective cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in leukemic cell lines. I-CRP also induces mitochondrial damage through proapoptotic and antiapoptotic protein modulation (Bax and Bcl-2) and ROS production, nuclear alterations including DNA damage (γ-H2Ax), overexpression of p53, cell cycle arrest, and DNA degradation. I-CRP induced ROS-dependent apoptosis in leukemic cells. Overall, here, we show that I-CRP cytotoxicity is selective to leukemic cells, inducing ROS-dependent apoptosis. This research opens the door to further exploration of their role in the immune system and the cell death mechanism that could potentially work in conjunction with other therapies including hematological malignances.
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The HIPPO Transducer YAP and Its Targets CTGF and Cyr61 Drive a Paracrine Signalling in Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Mediated Wound Healing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4910280. [PMID: 32104533 PMCID: PMC7040405 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4910280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive species play a pivotal role in orchestrating wound healing responses. They act as secondary messengers and drive redox-signalling pathways that are involved in the homeostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling phases of wound healing. The application of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) to the wound site produces a profusion of short- and long-lived reactive species that have been demonstrated to be effective in promoting wound healing; however, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying CAP-mediated wound healing remains scarce. To address this, an in vitro coculture model was used to study the effects of CAP on wound healing and on paracrine crosstalk between dermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Using this coculture model, we observed a stimulatory effect on the migration ability of HaCaT cells that were cocultured with dermal fibroblasts. Additionally, CAP treatment resulted in an upregulation of the HIPPO transcription factor YAP in HaCaTs and fibroblasts. Downstream effectors of the HIPPO signalling pathway (CTGF and Cyr61) were also upregulated in dermal fibroblasts, and the administration of antioxidants could inhibit CAP-mediated wound healing and abrogate the gene expression of the HIPPO downstream effectors. Interestingly, we observed that HaCaT cells exhibited an improved cell migration rate when incubated with CAP-treated fibroblast-conditioned media compared to that observed after incubation with untreated media. An induction of CTGF and Cyr61 secretion was also observed upon CAP treatment in the fibroblast-conditioned media. Finally, exposure to recombinant CTGF and Cyr61 could also significantly improve HaCaT cell migration. In summary, our results validated that CAP activates a regenerative signalling pathway at the onset of wound healing. Additionally, CAP also stimulated a reciprocal communication between dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes, resulting in improved keratinocyte wound healing in coculture.
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Zhang Y, Xiao JF, Yang HF, Jiao Y, Cao WW, Shi HM, Cun JF, Tay FR, Ping J, Xiao YH. N-Acetyl Cysteine as a Novel Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Component: Protection against Cell Apoptosis and Genotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1301736. [PMID: 31636802 PMCID: PMC6766130 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1301736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the antiapoptotic and antigenotoxic capabilities of N-acetyl cysteine- (NAC-) containing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. An in vitro Transwell insert model was used to mimic the clinical provisional restorations placed on vital teeth. Various parameters associated with cell apoptosis and genotoxicity were investigated to obtain a deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms. The exposure of human dental pulp cell (hDPC) cultures to the PMMA resin (Unifast Trad™) resulted in a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level beginning at 1 h, which was followed by time-dependent cell detachment and overt death. The formation of γ-H2AX and cell cycle G1 phase arrest indicated that oxidative DNA damage occurred as a result of the interactions between DNA bases and ROS, beyond the capacities of cellular redox regulation. Such oxidative DNA damage triggers the activation of p53 via the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling pathway and the induction of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. Oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and DNA damage induced by the PMMA resin were recovered to almost the level of untreated controls by the incorporation of NAC. The results indicate that the PMMA resin induced the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis as a consequence of p53 activation via the ATM pathway in response to oxidative DNA damage. More importantly, the incorporation of NAC as a novel component into the Unifast Trad™ PMMA resin offers protective effects against cell apoptosis and genotoxicity. This procedure represents a beneficial strategy for developing more biocompatible PMMA-based resin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-feng Xiao
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - He-feng Yang
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, The 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Huan-min Shi
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing-fen Cun
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Medical Administration, The 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-hong Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
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Kisby B, Jarrell JT, Agar ME, Cohen DS, Rosin ER, Cahill CM, Rogers JT, Huang X. Alzheimer's Disease and Its Potential Alternative Therapeutics. JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE & PARKINSONISM 2019; 9. [PMID: 31588368 PMCID: PMC6777730 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects over 5 million individuals in the United States alone. Currently, there are only two kinds of pharmacological interventions available for symptomatic relief of AD; Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors (AChEI) and N-methyl-D-aspartic Acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists and these drugs do not slow down or stop the progression of the disease. Several molecular targets have been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD, such as the tau (τ) protein, Amyloid-beta (Aβ), the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and more and several responses have also been observed in the advancement of the disease, such as reduced neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and iron overload. In this review, we discuss general features of AD and several small molecules across different experimental AD drug classes that have been studied for their effects in the context of the molecular targets and responses associated with the AD progression. These drugs include: Paroxetine, Desferrioxamine (DFO), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Posiphen/-(−)Phenserine, JTR-009, Carvedilol, LY450139, Intravenous immunoglobulin G 10%, Indomethacin and Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Kisby
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Juliet T Jarrell
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - M Enes Agar
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David S Cohen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eric R Rosin
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jack T Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xudong Huang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Dutta S, Mahalanobish S, Saha S, Ghosh S, Sil PC. Natural products: An upcoming therapeutic approach to cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:240-255. [PMID: 30991130 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death across the world. Different environmental and anthropogenic factors initiate mutations in different functional genes of growth factors and their receptors, anti-apoptotic proteins, self-renewal developmental proteins, tumor suppressors, transcription factors, etc. This phenomenon leads to altered protein homeostasis of the cell which in turn induces cancer initiation, development, progression and survival. From ancient times various natural products have been used as traditional medicine against different diseases. Natural products are readily applicable, inexpensive, accessible and acceptable therapeutic approach with minimum cytotoxicity. As most of the target-specific anticancer drugs failed to achieve the expected result so far, new multi-targeted therapies using natural products have become significant. In this review, we have summarized the efficacy of different natural compounds against cancer. They are capable of modulating cancer microenvironment and diverse cell signaling cascades; thus playing a major role in combating cancer. These compounds are found to be effective against several signaling pathways, mainly cell death pathways (apoptosis and autophagy) and embryonic developmental pathways (Notch pathway, Wnt pathway and Hedgehog pathway). This review article is expected to be helpful in understanding the recent progress of natural product research for the development of anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanta Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sushweta Mahalanobish
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sukanya Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Shatadal Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
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Jiao Y, Niu T, Liu H, Tay FR, Chen JH. Protection against HEMA-Induced Mitochondrial Injury In Vitro by Nrf2 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3501059. [PMID: 31089407 PMCID: PMC6476051 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3501059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dental resin monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) disturb vital cell functions and induce mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis via generation of oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the gene expression of antioxidative enzymes and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox equilibrium and mitochondrial homeostasis. The present study investigated the functional significance of Nrf2 in cellular response toward HEMA. It was found that HEMA stimulation promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, which was further enhanced by Nrf2 activator tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), but suppressed by Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Pretreatment of primary human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) with tBHQ protected the cells from HEMA-induced oxidative injury (increased reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis) and mitochondrial impairment (morphological alterations, decreased ATP production, suppressed oxidative phosphorylation activity, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, and disrupted electron transport chain). In contrast, pretreatment with ML385 increased cell sensitivity to these injurious processes. This protective effect on mitochondria could be related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α)/nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) pathway. These results contribute to the understanding of the function of Nrf2 and the development of novel therapies to counteract the adverse effects of dental resin monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, the 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tao Niu
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, the Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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31
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Huang S, Zheng B, Jin X, Yu Q, Zhang X, Sun X, Chen Y, Ren X, Wismeijer D, Ma J, Zhang C, Wu G, Pan Y. Blockade of Cyclophilin D Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death in Human Dental Pulp Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1729013. [PMID: 31089403 PMCID: PMC6476071 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1729013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathological stimuli, such as bacterial activity, dental bleaching, and nonpolymerized resin monomers, can cause death of dental pulp cells (DPCs) through oxidative stress- (OS-) induced mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the crucial molecular mechanisms that mediate such a phenomenon remain largely unknown. OS is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g., H2O2, O2 -, and ·OH. Mitochondria are a major source of ROS and the principal attack target of ROS. Cyclophilin D (CypD), as the only crucial protein for mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) induction, facilitates the opening of mPTP and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cell death. In the present study, we hypothesized that CypD-mediated mitochondrial molecular pathways were closely involved in the process of OS-induced death of human DPCs (HDPCs). We tested the phenotypic and molecular changes of HDPCs in a well-established OS model-H2O2 treatment. We showed that H2O2 dramatically reduced the viability and increased the death of HDPCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner by performing MTT, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays and quantifying the expression changes of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. H2O2 also induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as reflected by the increased mitochondrial ROS, reduced ATP production, and activation of mPTP (decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced intracellular Ca2+ level). An antioxidant (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) effectively preserved mitochondrial function and significantly attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and death. Moreover, H2O2 treatment markedly upregulated the CypD protein level in HDPCs. Notably, genetic or pharmacological blockade of CypD significantly attenuated H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. These findings provided novel insights into the role of a CypD-dependent mitochondrial pathway in the H2O2-induced death in HDPCs, indicating that CypD may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent OS-mediated injury in dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bingbing Zheng
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qihao Yu
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuerui Ren
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daniel Wismeijer
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Comprehensive Dental Care, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yihuai Pan
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Sb H, X J, Qh Y, Xr Z, Bb Z, Kh W, Xy S, Yt C, Xr R, Jf M, G W, Yh P. The vicious circle between mitochondrial oxidative stress and dynamic abnormality mediates triethylene glycol dimethacrylate-induced preodontoblast apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:644-656. [PMID: 30776408 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays crucial roles in triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA, a major component in dental resin)-induced apoptosis of dental pulp cells. Mitochondria are important target organelles for regulating the balance of OS, meanwhile, imbalance of the mitochondrial dynamic associated with mitochondrial dysfunction is one major molecular mechanism for oxidative damages. However, whether these mitochondrial dependent pathways were involved in the apoptosis of dental pulp cells induced by TDGDMA remains unclarified. We demonstrated that TEGDMA decreased viability and induced apoptosis of mouse preodontoblasts (mDPC6T cell line) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TEGDMA elevated the mitochondrial OS status and induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as reflected by the significant decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, the activity of Complex III and citrate synthase. In this process, we detected a dramatically impaired mitochondrial dynamic that was reflected by significantly enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation. Consistently, we also found a significant enhancement of the key upstream regulators for mitochondrial fission, such as short form of optic atrophy 1, dynamic related protein 1 oligomer and Fission 1. The respective inhibition of mitochondrial OS or mitochondrial fission could mutually attenuate each other, thereby significantly preventing both mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. In conclusion, TEGDMA-induced preodontoblasts apoptosis was mediated by the vicious circle between mitochondrial OS and dynamic abnormality, which represented a new target to prevent TEGDMA-induced dental pulp cells apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Sb
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, 1081 LA, the Netherlands.
| | - Jin X
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Qh
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Zhang Xr
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng Bb
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Wang Kh
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Sun Xy
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Chen Yt
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Ren Xr
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Ma Jf
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Wu G
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, 1081 LA, the Netherlands.
| | - Pan Yh
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
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Hindman B, Ma Q. Carbon nanotubes and crystalline silica stimulate robust ROS production, inflammasome activation, and IL-1β secretion in macrophages to induce myofibroblast transformation. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:887-907. [PMID: 30847537 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to inhaled particulates elicits complex inflammatory and fibrotic responses that may progress to chronic fibrosis. The fibrogenic potentials of respirable particulates are influenced by their physicochemical properties and their interactions with major pathways to drive fibrotic development in the lung. Macrophages were exposed to six carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of varying dimensions, crystalline silica, or carbon black (CB), with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 as positive controls. Macrophage-conditioned media was collected and applied to cultures of human pulmonary fibroblast line WI38-VA13 to induce myofibroblast transformation. Multi-walled and single-walled CNTs (MWCNTs and SWCNTs, respectively) and silica, but not CB, stimulated robust myofibroblast transformation through macrophage-conditioned media. On an equal weight basis, MWCNTs induced higher induction than SWCNTs. High induction was observed for MWCNTs with a long and slender or a short and rigid shape, and silica, at levels comparable to those by LPS and TGF-β1. Fibrogenic particulates induced high levels of IL-1β mRNA expression and protein secretion that are required for macrophage-guided myofibroblast transformation. Induction of IL-1β is dependent on the activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production in macrophages, as inhibition of NLRP3 by MCC950 and reduction of ROS production by N-acetylcysteine blocked NLRP3 activation, IL-1β induction, and fibroblast activation and differentiation. Therefore, fibrogenic CNTs and silica, but not CB, elicit robust macrophage-guided myofibroblast transformation, which depends on the induction of IL-1β through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and the increased production of ROS in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Hindman
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Qiang Ma
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
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Morris G, Walker AJ, Berk M, Maes M, Puri BK. Cell Death Pathways: a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Neuroscientists. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:5767-5786. [PMID: 29052145 PMCID: PMC5994217 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the first part, the following mechanisms involved in different forms of cell death are considered, with a view to identifying potential therapeutic targets: tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) and their engagement by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP)-1 cleavage; the apoptosis signalling kinase (ASK)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) axis; lysosomal permeability; activation of programmed necrotic cell death; oxidative stress, caspase-3 inhibition and parthanatos; activation of inflammasomes by reactive oxygen species and the development of pyroptosis; oxidative stress, calcium dyshomeostasis and iron in the development of lysosomal-mediated necrosis and lysosomal membrane permeability; and oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, iron dyshomeostasis and ferroptosis. In the second part, there is a consideration of the role of lethal and sub-lethal activation of these pathways in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neuroprogressive disorders, with particular reference to the TNF-α-TNFR signalling axis; dysregulation of ASK-1-JNK signalling; prolonged or chronic PARP-1 activation; the role of pyroptosis and chronic inflammasome activation; and the roles of lysosomal permeabilisation, necroptosis and ferroptosis. Finally, it is suggested that, in addition to targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory processes generally, neuropsychiatric disorders may respond to therapeutic targeting of TNF-α, PARP-1, the Nod-like receptor NLRP3 inflammasome and the necrosomal molecular switch receptor-interacting protein kinase-3, since their widespread activation can drive and/or exacerbate peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation even in the absence of cell death. To this end, the use is proposed of a combination of the tetracycline derivative minocycline and N-acetylcysteine as adjunctive treatment for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Morris
- , Bryn Road Seaside 87, Llanelli, Wales, , SA15 2LW, UK
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - A J Walker
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - M Berk
- The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-040, Brazil
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - M Maes
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK.
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Biological Activities and Potential Oral Applications of N-Acetylcysteine: Progress and Prospects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2835787. [PMID: 29849877 PMCID: PMC5937417 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2835787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a cysteine prodrug and glutathione (GSH) precursor, has been used for several decades in clinical therapeutic practices as a mucolytic agent and for the treatment of disorders associated with GSH deficiency. Other therapeutic activities of NAC include inhibition of inflammation/NF-κB signaling and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. N-Acetylcysteine is also a nonantibiotic compound possessing antimicrobial property and exerts anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic effects against certain types of cancer. Recently, studies describing potentially important biological and pharmacological activities of NAC have stimulated interests in using NAC-based therapeutics for oral health care. The present review focused on the biological activities of NAC and its potential oral applications. The potential side effects of NAC and formulations for drug delivery were also discussed, with the intent of advancing NAC-associated treatment modalities in oral medicine.
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Weng JR, Bai LY, Ko HH, Tsai YT. Cyclocommunol induces apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma partially through a Mcl-1-dependent mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 39:25-32. [PMID: 29433680 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crude extract of breadfruit has been reported to have antitumor activity against various cancer cell lines with unknown mechanism. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the proapoptotic effect of cyclocommunol (CYC), a prenylflavonoid from breadfruit, in two oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, SCC2095 and Ca922. METHODS The antiproliferative effects of CYC were assessed by MTT assays and PI/annexin V analysis. SCC2095 cells were transiently transfected with Mcl-1 plasmid in overexpression experiment. Other methods used to investigate the mechanism of CYC included Western blotting, acridine orange staining and confocal microscopic visualization. RESULTS Our results showed that CYC suppressed the viability of SCC2095 and Ca922 with IC50 values at 48 h of 4.2 and 5.0 µM, respectively. This decrease in viability occurred in a caspase-dependent apoptotic manner. In addition, CYC down-regulated the phosphorylation/expression of Akt/mTOR and Mcl-1, accompanied by reactive oxygen species generation, and autophagy induction. Notably, overexpression of Mcl-1 using Mcl-1-tag-myc partially rescued CYC-mediated caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and cytotoxicity. In summary, our study demonstrated the proapoptotic activity of CYC on OSCC, partially through down-regulation of Mcl-1. CONCLUSION CYC from breadfruit has translational value as a proapoptotic agent for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Yuan Bai
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80715, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tung Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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37
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Bielecka-Kowalska A, Czarny P, Wigner P, Synowiec E, Kowalski B, Szwed M, Krupa R, Toma M, Drzewiecka M, Majsterek I, Szemraj J, Sliwinski T, Kowalski M. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate exhibits cytotoxic and genotoxic effect on human gingival fibroblasts via induction of reactive oxygen species. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:8-17. [PMID: 29107684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although methacrylic acid derivatives in their polymeric form are considered to be safe, insufficient polymerization and the release of monomers due to either mechanical or enzymatical factors can lead to their reaching millimolar concentrations in local tissue. The present study evaluates the effect of two methacrylate monomers - ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) - on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Both monomers were found to reduce cells viability in MTT assay, increase apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest in G1/G0 phase. They also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as measured by DCFH-DA and DHE probes and increased expression of GPx4 and SOD2. Both monomers increased DNA damage in comet assay. Moreover, HGFs were not able to repair those lesions within 120min of repair incubation. However, the monomers were not found to have any effect on the integrity of isolated plasmids. We postulate that EGDMA and DEGDMA exhibit their cytotoxic and genotoxic properties via increased production of ROS, which cause DNA damage, affect apoptosis, viability and cell cycle. Further studies are needed to better understand the properties of methacrylic acid monomers and to evaluate the risk that they cause for patients, dentists and dental technicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kowalski
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzena Szwed
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Krupa
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Toma
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Drzewiecka
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Styllou P, Styllou M, Hickel R, Högg C, Reichl FX, Scherthan H. NAC ameliorates dental composite-induced DNA double-strand breaks and chromatin condensation. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:638-646. [PMID: 28747595 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Released (co)monomers from dental composite components can induce DNA damage of which DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) threaten genome integrity. Here, we tested whether the administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is able to reduce the dental composite-induced DSBs in primary human gingiva fibroblasts. The dental composites Bis-GMA (bisphenol-A-glycerolate dimethacrylate), GMA (glycidyl methacrylate), HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and TEGDMA (triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) were found to induce co-localizing microscopic nuclear foci numbers of the DSB markers γ-H2AX and 53BP1 per cell in the order: GMA>Bis-GMA>TEGDMA>HEMA. Supplementation of (co)monomer-containing culture medium with NAC led to a significant reduction of resin-induced DSBs as well as to an amelioration of dental monomer-induced nuclear chromatin condensation in gingival fibroblasts. Thus, antioxidant treatment can reduce radical-induced chromatin and DNA damage and open avenues to mitigate genotoxic effects of dental composite compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panorea Styllou
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Marianthi Styllou
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Christof Högg
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Franz Xaver Reichl
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affil. to the University of Ulm
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Vidoni C, Castiglioni A, Seca C, Secomandi E, Melone MAB, Isidoro C. Dopamine exacerbates mutant Huntingtin toxicity via oxidative-mediated inhibition of autophagy in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: Beneficial effects of anti-oxidant therapeutics. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:132-143. [PMID: 27840125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell death in Huntington's Disease (HD) is associated with the abnormal expansions of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the huntingtin protein (Htt) at the N-terminus that causes the misfolding and aggregation of the mutated protein (mHtt). Autophagy-lysosomal degradation of Htt aggregates may protect the neurons in HD. HD patients eventually manifest parkinsonian-like symptoms, which underlie defects in the dopaminergic system. We hypothesized that dopamine (DA) exacerbates the toxicity in affected neurons by over-inducing an oxidative stress that negatively impinges on the autophagy clearance of mHtt and thus precipitating neuronal cell death. Here we show that the hyper-expression of mutant (>113/150) polyQ Htt is per se toxic to dopaminergic human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, and that DA exacerbates this toxicity leading to apoptosis and secondary necrosis. DA toxicity is mediated by ROS production (mainly anion superoxide) that elicits a block in the formation of autophagosomes. We found that the pre-incubation with N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine (a quinone reductase inducer) or Deferoxamine (an iron chelator) prevents the generation of ROS, restores the autophagy degradation of mHtt and preserves the cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells expressing the polyQ Htt and exposed to DA. The present findings suggest that DA-induced impairment of autophagy underlies the parkinsonism in HD patients. Our data provide a mechanistic explanation of the DA toxicity in dopaminergic neurons expressing the mHtt and support the use of anti-oxidative stress therapeutics to restore protective autophagy in order to slow down the neurodegeneration in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vidoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Castiglioni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Christian Seca
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Secomandi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Mariarosa A B Melone
- 2° Division of Neurology, Department of Medical Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy; InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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40
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Gu Y, Bian Y, Xu X, Wang X, Zuo C, Meng J, Li H, Zhao S, Ning Y, Cao Y, Huang T, Yan J, Chen ZJ. Downregulation of miR-29a/b/c in placenta accreta inhibits apoptosis of implantation site intermediate trophoblast cells by targeting MCL1. Placenta 2016; 48:13-19. [PMID: 27871464 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Placenta accreta is defined as abnormal adhesion of placental villi to the uterine myometrium. Although this condition has become more common as a result of the increasing rate of cesarean sections, the underlying causative mechanism(s) remain elusive. Because microRNA-29a/b/c (miR-29a/b/c) have been shown to play important roles in placental development, this study evaluated the roles of these microRNAs in placenta accreta. METHODS Expression of miR-29a/b/c and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1) were quantified in patient tissues and HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cells using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to analyze expression of the MCL1 protein in HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cells with altered expression of miR-29a/b/c. To determine their role in apoptosis, miR-29a/b/c were overexpressed in HTR-8/SVneo cells, and levels of apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Luciferase activity assays were used to determine whether MCL1 is a target gene of miR-29a/b/c. RESULTS Expression of miR-29a/b/c was significantly lower in creta sites compared to noncreta sites (p = 0.018, 0.041, and 0.022, respectively), but expression of MCL1 was upregulated in creta sites (p = 0.039). MCL1 expression was significantly downregulated in HTR-8/SVneo cells overexpressing miR-29a/b/c (p = 0.002, 0.008, and 0.013, respectively). Luciferase activity assays revealed that miR-29a/b/c directly target the 3' untranslated region of MCL1 in 293T cells. Over-expression of miR-29a/b/c induced apoptosis in the HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line. Moreover, histopathological evaluation revealed that the number of implantation site intermediate trophoblast (ISIT) cells was increased in creta sites and that these cells were positive for MCL1. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that in placenta accreta, miR-29a/b/c inhibits apoptosis of ISIT cells by targeting MCL1. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of placenta accreta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yuehong Bian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Changting Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinlai Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shigang Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yunnan Ning
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yongzhi Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.
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Jiao Y, Ma S, Wang Y, Li J, Shan L, Sun J, Chen J. Methacryloxylethyl Cetyl Ammonium Chloride Induces DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Human Dental Pulp Cells via Generation of Oxidative Stress. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:580-93. [PMID: 27143955 PMCID: PMC4852205 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerizable antibacterial monomer methacryloxylethyl cetyl ammonium chloride (DMAE-CB) has provided an effective strategy to combat dental caries. However, the application of such material raises the question about the biological safety and the question remains open. The mechanism of this toxic action, however, is not yet clearly understood. The present study aims at providing novel insight into the possible causal link between cellular oxidative stress and DNA damage, as well as apoptosis in human dental pulp cells exposed to DMAE-CB. The enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of glutathione, as well as differential changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in DMAE-CB-treated cells indicated oxidative stress. By using substances that can alter GSH synthesis, we found that GSH was the key component in the regulation of cell response towards oxidative stress induced by DMAE-CB. The increase in oxidative stress-sensitive 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content, formation of γ-H2AX and cell cycle G1 phase arrest indicated that DNA damage occurred as a result of the interaction between DNA base and ROS beyond the capacities of antioxidant mechanisms in cells exposed to DMAE-CB. Such oxidative DNA damage thus triggers the activation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) signaling, the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and destruction of mitochondrial morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Sai Ma
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yirong Wang
- 2. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- 3. Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lequn Shan
- 4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jinlong Sun
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jihua Chen
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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