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Li X, Lin S, Yang X, Chen C, Cao S, Zhang Q, Ma J, Zhu G, Zhang Q, Fang Q, Zheng C, Liang W, Wu X. When IGF-1 Meets Metabolic Inflammation and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112529. [PMID: 38941670 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenaemia (HA). Metabolic inflammation (MI), characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, is intimately linked with chronic metabolic diseases such as IR and diabetes and is also considered an essential factor in the development of PCOS. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays an essential role in PCOS pathogenesis through its multiple functions in regulating cell proliferation metabolic processes and reducing inflammatory responses. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which IGF-1, via MI, participates in the onset and progression of PCOS, aiming to provide insights for studies and clinical treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushen Li
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sailing Lin
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Can Chen
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Cao
- Xin'an Academy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxin Ma
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guli Zhu
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiongfang Fang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Weizheng Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Singh V, Mahra K, Jung D, Shin JH. Gut Microbes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Associated Comorbidities; Type 2 Diabetes, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), and the Potential of Microbial Therapeutics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10262-y. [PMID: 38647957 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine anomalies among females of reproductive age, highlighted by hyperandrogenism. PCOS is multifactorial as it can be associated with obesity, insulin resistance, low-grade chronic inflammation, and dyslipidemia. PCOS also leads to dysbiosis by lowering microbial diversity and beneficial microbes, such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Akkermenisa, and Bifidobacterium, and by causing a higher load of opportunistic pathogens, such as Escherichia/Shigella, Fusobacterium, Bilophila, and Sutterella. Wherein, butyrate producers and Akkermansia participate in the glucose uptake by inducing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose metabolism, respectively. The abovementioned gut microbes also maintain the gut barrier function and glucose homeostasis by releasing metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and Amuc_1100 protein. In addition, PCOS-associated gut is found to be higher in gut-microbial enzyme β-glucuronidase, causing the de-glucuronidation of conjugated androgen, making it susceptible to reabsorption by entero-hepatic circulation, leading to a higher level of androgen in the circulatory system. Overall, in PCOS, such dysbiosis increases the gut permeability and LPS in the systemic circulation, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the circulatory system, chronic inflammation in the adipose tissue and liver, and oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in the liver. Thus, in women with PCOS, dysbiosis can promote the progression and severity of type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). To alleviate such PCOS-associated complications, microbial therapeutics (probiotics and fecal microbiome transplantation) can be used without any side effects, unlike in the case of hormonal therapy. Therefore, this study sought to understand the mechanistic significance of gut microbes in PCOS and associated comorbidities, along with the role of microbial therapeutics that can ease the life of PCOS-affected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kanika Mahra
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - DaRyung Jung
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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Azarbayjani K, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S, Mottaghi A, Nasiri M. Association of dietary inflammatory index with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in women with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3972. [PMID: 38368454 PMCID: PMC10874425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering that interventions related to lifestyle, especially nutrition have been proposed as the first line of prevention and treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and regarding the proven relationship between PCOS and inflammation, the present study was designed to find out the possible association of Diet Inflammatory Index (DII) with the inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and compare the obtained results in PCOS and non-PCOS women. This case-control study was conducted on 45 PCOS and 40 non-PCOS women. Food intake and DII were measured using a 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. All participants were tested for the serum levels of IL-6 and CRP. Finally, the obtained results were compared between the two groups of PCOS and non-PCOS women. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, menstrual status and number of pregnancies (P < 0.05). Comparison of DII values showed no significant difference between the two groups of women (P = 0.68), but IL-6 was significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (4.94 ± 1.97 vs. 3.48 ± 1.77, P < 0.001). Also in terms of CRP, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). The difference of DII between the case and control groups were not significant and Pearson's correlation test did not show a significant correlation between DII and IL-6 (P˃0.05). This result can be due to the influence of several factors affecting the determination of DII such as education level, health status, physical activity level, age, and calorie intake. It seems that diet, especially consumption of more carbohydrates plays a role in causing chronic inflammation, as well as the occurrence and exacerbation of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Azarbayjani
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Mottaghi
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Nasiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zheng CY, Yu YX, Bai X. Polycystic ovary syndrome and related inflammation in radiomics; relationship with patient outcome. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:328-333. [PMID: 36933953 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) refers to a condition that often has 'poly' liquid containing sacks around ovaries. It affects reproductive-aged females giving rise to menstrual and related reproductive issues. PCOS is marked by hormonal imbalance often resulting in hyperandrogenism. Inflammation is now considered a central manifestation of this disease with several inflammatory biomarkers such as TNF-α, C-reactive protein and Interleukins-6/18 found to be particularly elevated in PCOS patients. Diagnosis is often late, and MRI-based diagnosis, along with blood-based analyses, are still the best bet for a definitive diagnosis. Radiomics also offers several advantages and should be exploited to the maximum. The mechanisms of PCOS onset and progression are not very well known but pituitary dysfunction and elevated gonadotrophin releasing hormone resulting in high levels of luteinizing hormone are indicative of an activated hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in PCOS. A number of studies have also identified signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB and STAT in PCOS etiology. The links of these signaling pathways to inflammation further underline the importance of inflammation in PCOS, which needs to be resolved for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Zheng
- Embryo Laboratory, Jinghua Hospital of Shenyang, No. 83, Zhongshan Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue-Xin Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 5, Guangrong Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 5, Guangrong Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China.
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Bhattacharya K, Dey R, Sen D, Paul N, Basak AK, Purkait MP, Shukla N, Chaudhuri GR, Bhattacharya A, Maiti R, Adhikary K, Chatterjee P, Karak P, Syamal AK. Polycystic ovary syndrome and its management: In view of oxidative stress. Biomol Concepts 2024; 15:bmc-2022-0038. [PMID: 38242137 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, oxidative stress (OS) has drawn a lot of interest due to the revelation that individuals with many persistent disorders including diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), cardiovascular, and other disorders often have aberrant oxidation statuses. OS has a close interplay with PCOS features such as insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and chronic inflammation; there is a belief that OS might contribute to the development of PCOS. PCOS is currently recognized as not only one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders but also a significant contributor to female infertility, affecting a considerable proportion of women globally. Therefore, the understanding of the relationship between OS and PCOS is crucial to the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for PCOS. Moreover, the mechanistic study of intracellular reactive oxygen species/ reactive nitrogen species formation and its possible interaction with women's reproductive health is required, which includes complex enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Apart from that, our current review includes possible regulation of the pathogenesis of OS. A change in lifestyle, including physical activity, various supplements that boost antioxidant levels, particularly vitamins, and the usage of medicinal herbs, is thought to be the best way to combat this occurrence of OS and improve the pathophysiologic conditions associated with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Bhattacharya
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Khurda Road, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajen Dey
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Debanjana Sen
- Post-Graduate Department of Physiology, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, West-Bengal, India
| | - Nimisha Paul
- Department of General Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Asim Kumar Basak
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Barasat, West-Bengal, India
| | | | - Nandini Shukla
- Department of Anatomy, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Gargi Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nopany Institute of Health Care Studies, Kolkata, West-Bengal, India
| | - Aniruddha Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajkumar Maiti
- Department of Physiology, Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Adhikary
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Khurda Road, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prity Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Paramedical College, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Prithviraj Karak
- Department of Physiology, Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Alak Kumar Syamal
- Post-Graduate Department of Physiology, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, West-Bengal, India
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Yu F, Xue Y, Zhao Y, Zhang L, He X, Liu Z. Isorhamnetin inhibits inflammatory response to alleviate DHEA-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2183045. [PMID: 36842967 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2183045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of isorhamnetin on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats. METHODS Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subcutaneously injected with dehydroepiandrosteron (DHEA) to establish PCOS model. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) were used to measure histological changes and apoptosis of ovary tissues. The levels of serum hormones and inflammatory factors in ovary tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In DHEA-induced PCOS rats, the levels of serum glucose, insulin, testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were enhanced, estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were decreased, inflammatory levels and apoptosis of ovary tissues were increased. Additionally, DHEA increased the body weight, ovary weight, and ovary volume, cystic follicles, and decreased corpus luteum. Moreover, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway was activated in PCOS rats. The levels of TNF receptor superfamily member 1 A (TNFR1), TNF-α, and fas cell surface death feceptor (FAS) were enhanced in ovary tissues of DHEA induced PCOS rats. Isorhamnetin (ISO) treatment after DHEA modeling markedly reduced serum levels of glucose, insulin, testosterone and LH, increased E2, SHBG, FSH level, decreased inflammatory levels, and inhibited apoptosis and decreased body weight, ovary weight, and ovary volume. The levels of TNFR1, TNF-α, and FAS were markedly decreased after ISO treatment in PCOS rats. Additionally, ISO alone had no significant effect on rats. CONCLUSION Isorhamnetin inhibits inflammatory response to alleviate DHEA-induced PCOS in rats by inactivating the TNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Xue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yunyan Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P.R. China
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Günday ÖK, Yılmazer M. Delta neutrophil index in obese and non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2023; 66:441-448. [PMID: 37500074 PMCID: PMC10514584 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.22310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of delta neutrophil index (DNI), a new inflammatory marker, in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS This retrospective case-control study was conducted at a tertiary health center. The DNI and other blood parameters obtained from the complete blood count examination of 227 individuals, consisting of 72 PCOS patients and 155 controls, were compared between the two groups. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to examine the relationship between DNI and PCOS. RESULTS DNI, white blood cell (WBC) count, and neutrophil count were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (P=0.028, 0.011, and 0.037; respectively). DNI and WBC counts were significantly higher in nonobese-PCOS patients (P=0.018 and 0.041; respectively). When the obese-PCOS and obese-control groups were compared, only neutrophil count was significantly higher in obese-PCOS patients (P=0.016). Significance was observed at cut-off values of 0.015 (area under the curve [AUC]=0.588) (P=0.034; sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 35%; Youden's index=0.133) for DNI: 9.35 (AUC=0.594) (P=0.022) for WBC; and 5.38 (AUC=0.628) (P=0.002) for neutrophils. CONCLUSION Higher DNI in PCOS patients and similar results in the non-obese-PCOS group were observed when obese and non-obese-PCOS patients were considered separately. However, the lack of difference in the obese-PCOS group strengthens the hypothesis that there is obesity-independent inflammation in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Kayacık Günday
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yılmazer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Yu S, Zhang X, Sun T, Wang D, Wei Z. Low temperature plasma protects against inflammatory agents-mediated dysfunction of theca cells via enhancing MANF expression. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3085-3097. [PMID: 36689049 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperature plasma (LTP) exerts a protective effect in inflammation via enhancing MANF expression. Hyperactivation and dysfunction of theca cells induced by inflammatory agents is accompanied by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is a common reproductive and endocrine disorder. However, the effect of LTP on theca cells is still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Theca cells were stimulated with IL-1β or TNF-α for 12 h, then treated with LTP for 100 s. After 8 h, medium supernatant and theca cells were collected. Production of androgen from theca cells were detected by ELISA. The PCNA and Annexin V levels in theca cells were detected by using immunofluorescent staining. The levels of PCNA, BCL-2 and BAX were evaluated by western blot and qPCR. MTT assay was used to detect the viability of theca cells. The proportions of apoptosis of theca cells were detected by Flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of androgenic genes were detected by qPCR. The MANF levels in medium supernatant and cell lysate were detected by using ELISA, western and qPCR. BIP and CHOP expressions were detected by using western blot and qPCR. We found that LTP irradiation decreased inflammatory agents-induced upregulation of androgen and androgenic genes in theca cells. And LTP irradiation relieves IL-1β or TNF-α-induced pathological proliferation and apoptosis in theca cells. In terms of mechanism, LTP irradiation increased MANF level in theca cells to inhibit BIP and CHOP expression. CONCLUSION These evidences suggest the protective effect of LTP on theca cells in inflammatory microenvironment, and LTP has the potential clinical application of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuJun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - XinRu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - ZhaoLian Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Zhao H, Zhang J, Cheng X, Nie X, He B. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome across various tissues: an updated review of pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:9. [PMID: 36631836 PMCID: PMC9832677 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by chronic ovulation dysfunction and overabundance of androgens; it affects 6-20% of women of reproductive age. PCOS involves various pathophysiological factors, and affected women usually have significant insulin resistance (IR), which is a major cause of PCOS. IR and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia have differing pathogeneses in various tissues, and IR varies among different PCOS phenotypes. Genetic and epigenetic changes, hyperandrogenaemia, and obesity aggravate IR. Insulin sensitization drugs are a new treatment modality for PCOS. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and UpToDate databases in this review, and focused on the pathogenesis of IR in women with PCOS and the pathophysiology of IR in various tissues. In addition, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the current progress in the efficacy of insulin sensitization therapy in the management of PCOS, providing the latest evidence for the clinical treatment of women with PCOS and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Cheng
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhao Nie
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, People's Republic of China.
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Ke Y, Hu J, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Liu S. Correlation Between Circulating Adropin Levels and Patients with PCOS: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:3295-3310. [PMID: 35015289 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of young women suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Reasonable diagnosis and monitoring are important steps in the treatment of PCOS. Therefore, we performed an updated meta-analysis between adropin levels and PCOS to identify their relationship. We searched 8 databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, CBM, clinicaltrials.gov, OpenGrey) for relevant studies using the following search items: 'PCOS or polycystic ovary syndrome or Stein-Leventhal syndrome' AND 'adropin'. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were used as the outcomes. Data were analyzed using Revman 5.3, Stata 16, and MetaXL. Nineteen articles were include in this meta-analysis. The PCOS group had significantly lower adropin levels than the healthy groups (SMD = -2.79 ng/ml, 95%CI (-3.42, -2.16), p < 0.00001). Significant publication bias (p < 0.05) was observed; additionally, the results were robust based on metatrim and fail-safe number (Nfs). Meta-regression analysis showed that age, glucose ratio and luteinizing hormone (LH) may be sources of heterogeneity (univariate meta-regression analysis: P = 0.058 vs P = 0.026 vs P = 0.091). Furthermore, BMI, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may be closely related to adropin levels (p < 0.05) owing to meta-analysis of correlation coefficient. We found there was a correlation between adropin levels and PCOS: circulating adropin levels were significantly lower in patients with PCOS than healthy controls, which may be helpful for clinical diagnosis and detection of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Ke
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No. 54, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuaihang Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Clinical Evaluation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 54, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
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11
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de Souza HCD, Philbois SV, de Paula Facioli T, Ferriani RA, Gastaldi AC. Aerobic physical training impact on adipokines in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - Effects of body fat percentage. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:837-847. [PMID: 35929900 PMCID: PMC10118759 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective We investigated the effects of aerobic training on adipokine concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Subjects and methods 120 women, including 60 with PCOS and 60 without PCOS, were divided into six groups (n = 20) based on body fat percentages of 22%-27%, 28%-32%, and 33%-37%. All groups were submitted the same evaluations before and after 16 weeks of aerobic training. These included anthropometric and hemodynamic analyses, cardiopulmonary tests, and laboratory tests. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the differences between women with and without PCOS, effect of the body fat percentage, and effect of aerobic training. Results Body fat and PCOS were associated with high values of blood glucose, insulin, and testosterone. Body fat also reduced adiponectin levels and increased leptin, tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In contrast, the PCOS increased only TNF-α and IL-6 levels. In the PCOS group, aerobic training reduced insulin, triglycerides, leptin, and IL-6 levels. It also promoted an increase in adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein levels. However, aerobic training did not alter TNF-α concentrations. Conclusion The body fat potentiates metabolic impairments that may be harmful to women with PCOS. Aerobic training appears to promote an important beneficial effect on the metabolic regulation of adipokines, except TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil,
| | - Stella Vieira Philbois
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Tábata de Paula Facioli
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Ada Clarice Gastaldi
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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KIANI AYSHAKARIM, DONATO KEVIN, DHULI KRISTJANA, STUPPIA LIBORIO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Dietary supplements for polycystic ovary syndrome. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E206-E213. [PMID: 36479481 PMCID: PMC9710389 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent female endocrine reproductive disorders, affecting between 4 to 18% of the women in their reproductive age. It is generally characterized by several clinical aspects, among which anovulation, inflammation and infertility. Moreover, PCOS has several health implications, including increased metabolic, reproductive, and psychological risks. Previously, metformin and to some extent thiazolidinediones were considered as drug of choice for PCOS management, but they had several side-effects, and controversial results were obtained about their efficiency, especially in non-insulin-resistant non-obese patients. Thus, alternative treatment options are now being studied for PCOS, including different natural molecules and complementary medicines (CM) for the improvement of their health, wellbeing and fertility. Recently, treatment of PCOS patients with different natural molecules, coming from nutritional supplements and herbal medicines, has attained satisfactory results with the absence of any side effects. In this review, four natural molecules, curcumin, vitamin D, inositol and CoQ10 are discussed for their therapeutic ability. These molecules proved to decrease insulin sensitivity and inflammation, to improve the restoration of ovarian function, and they could restore hormonal balance and regulate the menstrual cycle, all of which are the main features and major concerns for women suffering from PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - KEVIN DONATO
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- Correspondence: Kevin Donato, MAGI Euregio, Via Maso della Pieve 60/A, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. E-mail:
| | | | - LIBORIO STUPPIA
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’s Lab, Rovereto, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners, USA
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13
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Banaszewska B, Ozegowska K, Polska M, Pawelczyk L, Chang RJ, Duleba AJ. Ibuprofen Reduces Testosterone Level in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac128. [PMID: 36168587 PMCID: PMC9508875 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Hyperandrogenism is a central feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In vitro studies have demonstrated that inflammatory stimuli promote whereas ibuprofen inhibits androgen production by ovarian theca-interstitial cells. Objective This work aimed to determine the effects of nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 on testosterone levels. Methods A prospective pilot study took place in an academic hospital of women with PCOS defined according to Rotterdam criteria (N = 20). Evaluations were taken at baseline and after 3 weeks of ibuprofen administration (400 mg twice a day or 400 mg 3 times a day, respectively, in women with weight < and ≥ 70 kg). The main outcome measure was total serum testosterone. Results Ibuprofen administration was associated with a decline of total testosterone from 0.75 ± 0.06 ng/mL to 0.59 ± 0.05 ng/mL (P = .008). There was no statistically significant change in the levels of other relevant hormones including dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, gonadotropins, and insulin. Multiple regression analysis identified the greatest decline of testosterone was independently predicted by baseline testosterone level (P = .004) and by baseline insulin sensitivity index (P = .03). Conclusion Nonselective inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 leads to selective reduction of testosterone consistent with direct inhibitory effect on ovarian steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Banaszewska
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ozegowska
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Polska
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Leszek Pawelczyk
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - R Jeffrey Chang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA, 92093-0633, USA
| | - Antoni J Duleba
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA, 92093-0633, USA
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14
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Concerted regulation of OPG/RANKL/ NF‑κB/MMP-13 trajectories contribute to ameliorative capability of prodigiosin and/or low dose γ-radiation against adjuvant- induced arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109068. [PMID: 35944459 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prodigiosin (PDG) is a microbial red dye with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, although its effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains uncertain. Also, multiple doses of low dose γ- radiation (LDR) have been observed to be as a successful intervention for RA. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ameliorative potential of PDG and/or LDR on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats. METHODS The anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of PDG and/or LDR were examined in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In the AIA model, the arthritic indexes, paw swelling degrees, body weight gain, and histopathological assessment in AIA rats were assayed. The impact of PDG (200 µg/kg; p.o) and/or LDR (0.5 Gy) on the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-17A, and IL-10) as well as the regulation of osteoprotegrin (OPG)/ receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/MMP-13 pathways was determined. Methotrexate (MTX; 0.05 mg/kg; twice/week, i.p) was administered concurrently as a standard anti-arthritic drug. RESULTS PDG and/or LDR markedly diminished the arthritic indexes, paw edema, weigh loss in AIA rats, alleviated the pathological alterations in joints, reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-17A, and RANKL in serum and synovial tissues, while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and OPG levels. Moreover, PDG and/or LDR down-regulated the expression of RANKL, NF-κBp65, MMP13, caspase-3, and decreased the RANKL/OPG ratio, whereas OPG and collagen II were enhanced in synovial tissues. CONCLUSION PDG and/or LDR exhibited obvious anti-RA activity on AIA.
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Shan H, Luo R, Guo X, Li R, Ye Z, Peng T, Liu F, Yang Z. Abnormal Endometrial Receptivity and Oxidative Stress in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:904942. [PMID: 35959444 PMCID: PMC9357999 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of childbearing age. Individual heterogeneity is evident, and the prevalence rate ranges between 6 and 15% globally. The prevalence rate of PCOS in Chinese women of childbearing age is 5.6%. The main manifestations are infertility, sparse menstruation, irregular vaginal bleeding, long-term endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer. PCOS is often associated with hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and intestinal flora disorder. Although there have been many studies in the past, the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of the disease is still unclear. Studies have shown that PCOS diseases and related complications are closely related to local oxidative stress imbalance in the endometrium, leading to poor endometrial receptivity and effects on pregnancy. Previous reviews have mainly focused on the abnormal mechanism of ovarian oxidative stress in women with PCOS, while reviews on endometrial receptivity and oxidative stress are relatively insufficient. This study reviews the abnormal cellular and molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress due to comorbidities in women with PCOS, leading to a downregulation of endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Shan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Beijing, China
| | - Renxin Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanying Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Li,
| | - Zhenhong Ye
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianliu Peng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fenting Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Desroziers E. Unusual suspects: Glial cells in fertility regulation and their suspected role in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13136. [PMID: 35445462 PMCID: PMC9489003 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH) neurons sitting within the hypothalamus control the production of gametes and sex steroids by the gonads, therefore ensuring survival of species. As orchestrators of reproductive function, GnRH neurons integrate information from external and internal cues. This occurs through an extensively studied neuronal network known as the "GnRH neuronal network." However, the brain is not simply composed of neurons. Evidence suggests a role for glial cells in controlling GnRH neuron activity, secretion and fertility outcomes, although numerous questions remain. Glial cells have historically been seen as support cells for neurons. This idea has been challenged by the discovery that some neurological diseases originate from glial dysfunction. The prevalence of infertility disorders is increasing worldwide, with one in four couples being affected; therefore, it remains essential to understand the mechanisms by which the brain controls fertility. The "GnRH glial network" could be a major player in infertility disorders and represent a potential therapeutic target. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common infertility disorder of reproductive aged women worldwide, the brain is considered a prime suspect. Recent studies have demonstrated pathological neuronal wiring of the "GnRH neuronal network" in PCOS-like animal models. However, the role of the "GnRH glial network" remains to be elucidated. In this review, I aim to propose glial cells as unusual suspects in infertility disorders such as PCOS. In the first part, I state our current knowledge about the role of glia in the regulation of GnRH neurons and fertility. In the second part, based on our recent findings, I discuss how glial cells could be implicated in PCOS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Desroziers
- Department of Physiology, Centre for NeuroendocrinologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris Seine – Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroplasticity of Reproductive Behaviours TeamParisFrance
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17
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Scheres LJJ, Hylckama Vlieg A, Cannegieter SC. Sex‐specific aspects of venous thromboembolism: What is new and what is next? Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12722. [PMID: 35619638 PMCID: PMC9127145 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Men seem to have a higher intrinsic risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) than women, regardless of age. To date, this difference has not been explained. By integrating state‐of‐the‐art research presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress of 2021 with the available literature, we address potential explanations for this intriguing risk difference between men and women. We discuss the role of exogenous and endogenous sex hormones as the most important known sex‐specific determinants of VTE risk. In addition, we highlight clues on the role of sex hormones and VTE risk from clinical scenarios such as pregnancy and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Furthermore, we address new potential sex‐specific risk factors and unanswered research questions, which could provide more insight in the intrinsic risk difference between men and women, such as body height and differences in body fat distribution, leading to dysregulation of metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk J. J. Scheres
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine & Radboud Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS) Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hylckama Vlieg
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C. Cannegieter
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
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18
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Amisi CA. Markers of insulin resistance in Polycystic ovary syndrome women: An update. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:129-149. [PMID: 35432749 PMCID: PMC8984569 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, affecting 5%-10% of women of reproductive age. The importance of this syndrome lies in the magnitude of associated comorbidities: infertility, metabolic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease (CVD), plus psychological and oncological complications. Insulin resistance (IR) is a prominent feature of PCOS with a prevalence of 35%-80%. Without adequate management, IR with compensatory hyperinsulinemia contributes directly to reproductive dysfunction in women with PCOS. Furthermore, epidemiological data shows compelling evidence that PCOS is associated with an increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes. In addition, metabolic dysfunction leads to a risk for CVD that increases with aging in women with PCOS. Indeed, the severity of IR in women with PCOS is associated with the amount of abdominal obesity, even in lean women with PCOS. Given these drastic implications, it is important to diagnose and treat insulin resistance as early as possible. Many markers have been proposed. However, quantitative assessment of IR in clinical practice remains a major challenge. The gold standard method for assessing insulin sensitivity is the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp. However, it is not used routinely because of the complexity of its procedure. Consequently, there has been an urgent need for surrogate markers of IR that are more applicable in large population-based epidemiological investigations. Despite this, many of them are either difficult to apply in routine clinical practice or useless for women with PCOS. Considering this difficulty, there is still a need for an accurate marker for easy, early detection and assessment of IR in women with PCOS. This review highlights markers of IR already used in women with PCOS, including new markers recently reported in literature, and it establishes a new classification for these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Anifa Amisi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-medico di Rome, Rome 00128, Italy
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Li T, Zhang Y, Song J, Chen L, Du M, Mao X. Yogurt Enriched with Inulin Ameliorated Reproductive Functions and Regulated Gut Microbiota in Dehydroepiandrosterone-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:279. [PMID: 35057459 PMCID: PMC8781812 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of synbiotic yogurt supplemented with inulin on the pathological manifestations and gut microbiota-bile acid axis were investigated using a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mice model. Female C57BL/6J mice were injected subcutaneously with DHEA at a dose of 6 mg/100 g BW for 20 days to establish a PCOS mouse model. Then, the PCOS mice were treated with yogurt containing inulin (6% w/w) at 15 mL/kg BW for 24 days. Results showed that supplementation of synbiotic yogurt enriched with inulin to PCOS mice decreased the body weight gain, improved estrus cycles and ovary morphology, and reduced the levels of luteinizing hormone while increasing the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and interleukin-22 in serum. At the genus level, synbiotic yogurt increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia. PICRUSt analysis indicated that KEGG pathways including bile acid biosynthesis were changed after inulin-enriched synbiotic yogurt supplementation. Synbiotic yogurt enriched with inulin also modulated the bile acid profiles. In conclusion, inulin-enriched synbiotic yogurt alleviated reproductive dysfunction and modulated gut microbiota and bile acid profiles in PCOS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Lijun Chen
- Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co., Ltd., Beijing 100009, China;
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Xueying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Stokkeland LMT, Giskeødegård GF, Ryssdal M, Jarmund AH, Steinkjer B, Madssen TS, Stafne SN, Stridsklev S, Løvvik TS, Iversen AC, Vanky E. Changes in Serum Cytokines Throughout Pregnancy in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:39-52. [PMID: 34529073 PMCID: PMC8684459 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with low-grade inflammation and increased incidence of pregnancy complications, but its influence on the maternal immune system in pregnancy is unknown. Longitudinal serum cytokine profiling is a sensitive measure of the complex immunological dynamics of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to determine the immunological dynamics of serum cytokines throughout pregnancy in women with PCOS and compare it to pregnancy in women without PCOS. METHODS A post hoc analysis was conducted of longitudinal serum samples from 2 randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter studies of pregnant women with PCOS and 2 studies of pregnant women without PCOS. Pregnant women with PCOS (n = 358) and without PCOS (n = 258, controls) provided 1752 serum samples from 4 time points in pregnancy (weeks 10, 19, 32, and 36). Main outcome measures included maternal serum levels of 22 cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) at 4 time points in pregnancy. RESULTS Women with PCOS showed marked immunological changes in serum cytokines throughout pregnancy. Compared to controls, women with PCOS showed higher levels of 17 cytokines and CRP at week 10 of pregnancy and a distinct cytokine development throughout pregnancy. The immunological dynamics in women with PCOS was significantly affected by maternal body mass index, smoking, and fetal sex. CONCLUSION Pregnancy in women with PCOS was associated with a strong early mobilization of inflammatory and other serum cytokines persisting throughout pregnancy, indicating a more activated immune status. These findings provide a novel basis for further study of PCOS and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Live Marie T Stokkeland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence: Live M. T. Stokkeland, MD, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, PO Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Mariell Ryssdal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Hagen Jarmund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørg Steinkjer
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Signe N Stafne
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Solhild Stridsklev
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone S Løvvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eszter Vanky
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
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González F, Considine RV, Abdelhadi OA, Xue J, Acton AJ. Saturated fat ingestion stimulates proatherogenic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E689-E701. [PMID: 34632798 PMCID: PMC8782660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00213.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and dyslipidemia are often present in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We determined the effect of saturated fat ingestion on circulating heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and mononuclear cell (MNC) toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) gene expression, activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation, and matrix matalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) protein in women with PCOS. Twenty reproductive-age women with PCOS (10 lean, 10 with obesity) and 20 ovulatory controls (10 lean, 10 with obesity) participated in the study. HSP-70 was measured in serum and TLR2 mRNA and protein, AP-1 activation, and MMP-2 protein were quantified in MNC from blood drawn while fasting and 2, 3, and 5 h after saturated fat ingestion. Insulin sensitivity was derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (ISOGTT). Androgen secretion was assessed from blood drawn while fasting and 24, 48, and 72 h after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration. In response to saturated fat ingestion, serum HSP-70, TLR2 gene expression, activated AP-1, and MMP-2 protein were greater in lean women with PCOS compared with lean controls and in women with PCOS and obesity compared with controls with obesity. Both PCOS groups exhibited lower ISOGTT and greater HCG-stimulated androgen secretion compared with control subjects of their respective weight classes. Lipid-stimulated proatherogenic inflammation marker responses were negatively correlated with ISOGTT and positively correlated with abdominal adiposity and HCG-stimulated androgen secretion. In PCOS, saturated fat ingestion stimulates proatherogenic inflammation independent of obesity. This effect is greater when PCOS is combined with obesity compared with obesity alone. Abdominal adiposity and hyperandrogenism may perpetuate proatherogenic inflammation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper demonstrates that in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ingestion of saturated fat triggers a molecular pathway of inflammation known to drive atherogenesis. This effect is independent of obesity as it occurs in lean women with PCOS and not in lean ovulatory control subjects. Furthermore, the combined effects of PCOS and obesity are greater compared with obesity alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank González
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert V Considine
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ola A Abdelhadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jiaping Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anthony J Acton
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Fox CW, Zhang L, Moeller BC, Garzo VG, Chang RJ, Duleba AJ. Ibuprofen inhibits key genes involved in androgen production in theca-interstitial cells. F&S SCIENCE 2021; 2:230-236. [PMID: 35199048 PMCID: PMC8862173 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of ibuprofen on androgen production, gene expression, and cell viability in rat theca-interstitial cells exposed to the proinflammatory stimuli interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). DESIGN Animal study. SETTING University-based research laboratory. PATIENTS/ANIMALS Theca-interstitial cells were isolated from 30 day old female Sprague Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Theca cells were cultured with pro-inflammatory media containing IL-1β and LPS and compared with cells cultured in control media. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Androstenedione quantification was performed on conditioned cell culture medium using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Theca cell viability was assessed using PrestoBlue cell viability assay. The gene expression of Cyp17a1, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Both proinflammatory stimuli IL-1β and LPS increased androstenedione concentration in cell culture medium, and these effects were mitigated with ibuprofen. Both inflammatory agents in addition increased the expression of key genes involved in androgen synthesis: Cyp17a1, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b; the addition of ibuprofen to the culture medium inhibited these effects. Theca cell viability increased with IL-1β and LPS. Ibuprofen inhibited the IL-1β-mediated increase in cell viability but did not reverse the effects of LPS. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that many of the alterations induced by inflammatory stimuli in theca-interstitial cells are abrogated by the addition of ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea W. Fox
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of South Carolina School of Medicine/Prisma Health, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California
| | - Benjamin C. Moeller
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - V. Gabriel Garzo
- Reproductive Partners Fertility Center-San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California
| | - R. Jeffrey Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California
| | - Antoni J. Duleba
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California
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El-Masry SA, Mahmoud RA, Ahmed HH, Al-Tohamy M, Abdel Latif HM, Afify MAS. Clinical significance of serum gonadotropin and androgen levels among Egyptian overweight/obese pubertal girls. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:389-398. [PMID: 34109772 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the association between overweight/obesity with serum gonadotropin and androgen levels in Egyptian pubertal girls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A case-control study carried out in "Obesity Clinic" of "Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit (DEMPU)", Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University. It included 40 overweight and obese girls and 40 age-matching normal weight (control) ones, aged 12-18 years. Anthropometric assessment (weight, height and hip and waist circumferences) was done, and waist/hip and BMI were calculated. Laboratory investigations: lipid profile, serum gonadotropin (LH, FSH), androgen (free and total testosterone), estradiol, insulin, and FBG were quantified, while insulin resistance (IR) was calculated. RESULTS Hypogonadotropins (FSH and LH) and hyperandrogenaemia (total and free testosterone) were significantly prominent among obese girls. Correlation between gonadotropin, androgen and all of the studied variables, for the three studied groups (obese, overweight and control) revealed constant relations. Gonadotropin and androgens showed opposing correlations. Gonadotropin had significant negativ e correlations with the anthropometric parameters of obesity (BMI, Waist C, and W/H ratio), insulin, insulin resistance and lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL), whereas androgens had significant positiv e ones. In addition, gonadotropin showed significant positiv e correlations with estradiol and HDL, while androgens showed significant negative ones. CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obesity had no effect on the correlations between gonadotropin and androgen on one side, with the anthropometric measurements and laboratory investigations on the other one. Alterations in androgen levels occur at earlier ages than gonadotropin, among both overweight and obese girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar A El-Masry
- Biological Anthropology Dept., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Mahmoud
- Pediatrics Dept., Faculty of Postgraduate, Childhood Studies, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Dept., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mahmoud A S Afify
- Biological Anthropology Dept., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Banaszewska B, Siakowska M, Chudzicka-Strugala I, Chang RJ, Pawelczyk L, Zwozdziak B, Spaczynski R, Duleba AJ. Elevation of markers of endotoxemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:2303-2311. [PMID: 32869098 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) associated with an elevation of markers of endotoxemia? SUMMARY ANSWER In women with PCOS serum levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the LPS to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and LPS-binding protein (LBP) are significantly greater than those of normal control subjects. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mononuclear cells from women with PCOS respond excessively to LPS by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In rat ovarian theca-interstitial cell cultures LPS stimulates androgen production. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cross-sectional study comparing markers of endotoxemia in women with PCOS (n = 62), healthy ovulatory women with polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM, n = 39) and a control group of healthy ovulatory women without PCOM [normal (NL), n = 43]. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS LPS was measured using a chromogenic assay. LBP was measured by ELISA. Total cholesterol and lipids were measured using a homogeneous enzyme colorimetric method. Androgens, gonadotrophins, prolactin, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and sex hormone-binding globulin were determined by electrochemiluminescence assays. Glucose was measured using an enzymatic reference method with hexokinase. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Women with PCOS, when compared with NL subjects, had a significantly higher mean LPS (P = 0.045), LPS/HDL ratio (P = 0.007) and LBP (P = 0.01). Women with PCOM had intermediate levels of markers of endotoxemia. Comparison among all groups revealed that markers of endotoxemia correlated positively with testosterone level, ovarian volume, number of antral follicles and hirsutism score, but negatively with the number of spontaneous menses per year. In multiple regression analysis, all measures of endotoxemia correlated independently and positively with hs-CRP and with ovarian volume. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This cross-sectional study reveals that markers of endotoxemia are associated with several clinical features observed in women with PCOS. However, responsible mechanisms and causation remain unknown. Steroid quantification was carried out by electrochemiluminescence assays and not by the current gold standard: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hence, the relationship of endotoxemia with features of PCOS and the extent to which endotoxemia contributes to reproductive and metabolic dysfunction warrants further investigation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study reveals the novel observation that markers of endotoxemia are elevated in young and otherwise healthy women with PCOS without significant metabolic dysfunction. Moreover, the association of clinical and endocrine markers of PCOS with those of endotoxemia may represent a pathophysiologic link to reproductive dysfunction as well as metabolic and long-term cardiovascular risks associated with this disorder. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Intramural funding from Poznan University of Medical Sciences. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Banaszewska
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Siakowska
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - R Jeffrey Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leszek Pawelczyk
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Zwozdziak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Spaczynski
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Antoni J Duleba
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Circulating resistin and follistatin levels in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246200. [PMID: 33740002 PMCID: PMC7978365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis was performed to resolve the inconsistencies regarding resistin and follistatin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by pooling the available evidence. A systematic literature search using PubMed and Scopus was carried out through November 2020 to obtain all pertinent studies. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association between the levels of resistin and follistatin with PCOS in the overall and stratified analysis by obesity status. A total of 47 publications, 38 for resistin (2424 cases; 1906 controls) and 9 studies for follistatin (815 cases; 328 controls), were included in the meta-analysis. Resistin levels were significantly higher in PCOS women compared with non-PCOS controls (WMD = 1.96 ng/ml; 95%CI = 1.25–2.67, P≤0.001) as well as in obese PCOS women vs. obese controls, and in non-obese PCOS women compared with non-obese controls, but not in obese PCOS vs. non-obese PCOS patients,. A significantly increased circulating follistatin was found in PCOS patients compared with the controls (WMD = 0.44 ng/ml; 95%CI = 0.30–0.58, P≤0.001) and in non-obese PCOS women compared with non-obese controls and in obese PCOS women vs. obese controls, but, no significant difference in follistatin level was observed in obese PCOS compared with non-obese PCOS women. Significant heterogeneity and publication bias was evident for some analyses. Circulating levels of resistin and follistatin, independent of obesity status, are higher in women with PCOS compared with controls, showing that these adipokines may contribute to the pathology of PCOS.
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26
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Association of metabolic and inflammatory markers with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): an update. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 303:631-643. [PMID: 33439300 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder in reproductive-age women. It is indeed a multifactorial condition evidenced by ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenaemia, infertility, hormonal imbalance and chronic anovulation. Experimental evidence infers that PCOS women are prone to cardiovascular problems and insulin resistance. PURPOSE To furnish the details about the association of inflammatory markers in PCOS. DESIGN An extensive literature search on PubMed, science direct and google scholar has been performed for articles about PCOS and inflammation in PCOS. A comprehensive analysis using original articles, reviews, systemic and meta-analysis was conducted for better understanding the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and PCOS. RESULTS The inflammatory markers perform a substantial part in managing the functions of the ovary. Any disturbances in their levels can lead to ovarian dysfunction. Inflammatory markers are associated with PCOS pathogenesis. The interplay between inflammatory cytokines in the PCOS ovary strongly implies that inflammation is one of the most potent risk factors of PCOS. CONCLUSION Inflammatory markers have a significant role in regulating the ovary. This manuscript highlights the significance of metabolic and inflammatory markers with PCOS. Since PCOS is always considered as a metabolic disorder, researchers can also consider focusing on the relationship between the inflammatory markers in PCOS to establish a new treatment or management of the disease and to improve women's health.
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27
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Bongenaar M, Smeele HTW, Lubberts E, Dolhain RJEM. IL-6 but Not TNFα Levels Are Associated With Time to Pregnancy in Female Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With a Wish to Conceive. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:604866. [PMID: 33362560 PMCID: PMC7758469 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.604866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility issues are common amongst women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), known key players in RA pathogenesis, have been associated with reproductive disorders. This study investigates the role of these cytokines in decreased fertility in women with active RA. Preconception cytokine measurements of 61 patients from the PARA-cohort, a prospective study on RA and pregnancy, were studied in relation to time to pregnancy as a measure for fertility. IL-6 levels were higher in patients with a time to pregnancy longer than 1 year (p = 0.016). Survival analysis of patients stratified by high or low serum IL-6 levels, shows a prolonged time to pregnancy in the high IL-6 group (p = 0.045). Univariate cox regression analysis of IL-6 in relation to time to pregnancy as well as multivariate cox regression analysis correcting for age, disease activity, nulliparity, NSAID use and prednisone use were performed, with hazards ratios for log transformed IL-6 of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.51–0.93, p = 0.015) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.43–0.99, p = 0.044), respectively. For TNFα, no association with time to pregnancy was found. This study shows that high IL-6, but not TNFα, is associated with decreased fertility in women with RA. This finding provides a rationale to therapeutically target the IL-6 pathway in the time period before pregnancy. More research in the form of large cohort studies on drug safety and the effect of bDMARDS on fertility is needed for implementation of treatment strategies directed at fertility issues in women with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Bongenaar
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hieronymus T W Smeele
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Radboud J E M Dolhain
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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28
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Herman R, Jensterle M, Janež A, Goričar K, Dolžan V. Genetic Variability in Antioxidative and Inflammatory Pathways Modifies the Risk for PCOS and Influences Metabolic Profile of the Syndrome. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110439. [PMID: 33138337 PMCID: PMC7692942 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder of multifactorial etiopathology likely to involve the interactions between genetics and lifestyle. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) may participate in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. The question of the extent to which OS and inflammation are causally related to the development of the syndrome and metabolic complications remains unanswered. By our knowledge, the role of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as an important trigger of inflammatory pathways and NLRP3 and CARD8 polymorphisms has never been addressed in PCOS yet. We conducted a case-control study conducting of total 169 Slovenian PCOS patients and 83 healthy blood donors. They were genotyped for polymorphisms in antioxidative (SOD2 rs4880, CAT rs1001179, PON1 rs854560, and rs662) and inflammatory pathways genes (NLRP3 rs35829419, CARD8 rs2043211, TNF rs1800629, IL1B rs1143623, and rs16944, IL6 rs1800795) using competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Logistic regression and the Mann–Whitney test were used in the statistical analysis. SOD2 rs4880, CARD8 rs2043211, and IL1B rs16944 were associated with the risk of developing PCOS. Furthermore, the interactions between CARD8 rs2043211 and IL6 rs1800795 and between IL1B rs1143623 and IL6 rs1800795 also significantly affected the risk for PCOS. With regard to glucose homeostasis, CAT rs1001179, SOD2 rs4880, PON1 rs854560, NLRP3 rs35829419, and TNF rs1800629 were significantly associated with response to the glycemic load. Our data indicate that the genetic variability in the antioxidative and inflammatory pathways influences the development of PCOS and glucose homeostasis in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Herman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.H.); (M.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Mojca Jensterle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.H.); (M.J.); (A.J.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janež
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.H.); (M.J.); (A.J.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-543-7670
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29
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The Relationship Between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Periodontal Disease, and Osteoporosis. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:950-962. [PMID: 32914348 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder to affect women in their reproductive years. There has been growing concern that women with PCOS may suffer from long-term metabolic consequences due to the high degree of insulin resistance that is often present in PCOS. However, few longitudinal studies exist in this area and there is a paucity of data on whether women with PCOS are at risk of other chronic diseases as they age. Specifically, current evidence suggests that reproductive-age women with PCOS may be at increased risk for both osteoporosis and periodontal disease (PD)-both these chronic diseases can have serious implications for health and quality of life. However, few studies have addressed how risk factors for osteoporosis and PD may be altered by aging in PCOS. The PCOS phenotype of women beyond reproductive years is poorly understood, and it is not known whether the metabolic profile of older women with PCOS results in an increased risk of osteoporosis and PD. The objective of this review is to discuss the relationships between PCOS, osteoporosis, and PD, and how these relationships could be impacted during aging. The long-term goal of this review is to provide direction for future research that is needed to more clearly elucidate these relationships and eventually provide a basis for evidence-based health recommendations.
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30
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Negishi Y, Shima Y, Takeshita T, Morita R. Harmful and beneficial effects of inflammatory response on reproduction: sterile and pathogen-associated inflammation. Immunol Med 2020; 44:98-115. [PMID: 32838688 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1809951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In reproduction, inflammatory processes play important roles in the development of many pregnancy complications such as preterm labor/birth, recurrent pregnancy loss, recurrent implantation failure, and preeclampsia. Inflammation can be initiated by both microbial and non-microbial causes. Bacterial infection in the feto-maternal interface and uterus can provoke preterm labor/birth, miscarriage, and chronic endometritis. By contrast, inflammation without infection, or 'sterile inflammation,' can also lead to many kinds of complications, such as preterm labor/birth, miscarriage, or preeclampsia. Aberrant inflammation is facilitated by immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and invariant natural killer T cells. In addition, cytokines, chemokines, and several kinds of inflammatory mediators are involved. On the other hand, appropriate inflammation is required for a successful offspring during the progression of the entire pregnancy. Herein, we discuss the relation between pregnancy and inflammation with immunological alterations. Understanding the role of inflammation in complications during pregnancy may establish new perspectives of the progress of normal pregnancy as well as treatments during pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Negishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Shima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takeshita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rimpei Morita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Cirillo F, Catellani C, Lazzeroni P, Sartori C, Tridenti G, Vezzani C, Fulghesu AM, Madeddu E, Amarri S, Street ME. HMGB1 is increased in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and decreases after treatment with myo-inositol (MYO) in combination with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:588-593. [PMID: 32054355 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1725967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PCOS treatment should be based on pathophysiology. High-mobility-group-box-1 (HMGB1) was shown to increase in PCOS patients as a consequence of reduced cystic-fibrosis-transmembrane-conductance-regulator (CFTR) expression in the ovary, and was associated with insulin resistance and inflammation, both features of PCOS. Inositols and ALA derivatives could have positive effects on insulin sensitivity, reduce androgens, and improve ovulation rhythm. The aim of this study was to verify changes in HMGB1, in metabolic and endocrine parameters in adolescents with PCOS compared with controls and after treatment with a combination of MYO + ALA. Twenty-three PCOS adolescents and 21 controls matched for age and BMI were enrolled. In all subjects, metabolic and hormonal parameters were assayed. Homeostatic index (HOMA-IR) and the triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio were calculated. Ovarian volumes were evaluated. Patients were treated with MYO + ALA for 6 months. HMGB1 was measured using a specific ELISA assay. HMGB1 was increased in PCOS compared with controls (19.76 ± 5.99 versus 5.65 ± 1.88 ng/ml; p < .05) and normalized after treatment (2.27 ± 0.36 ng/ml, p < .05). Treatment significantly reduced insulin (24.0 ± 4.11 versus 12.13 ± 2.13 uU/ml), HOMA-IR (3.91 ± 0.41 versus 2.42 ± 0.45), and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (1.20 ± 0.15 versus 0.78 ± 0.11 ng/ml). Cholesterol, luteinizing hormone, 17-β-estradiol, delta 4-androstenedione, and testosterone were unchanged. Circulating HMGB1 was increased in PCOS adolescents, and treatment was effective in normalizing HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Catellani
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lazzeroni
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tridenti
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cristina Vezzani
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fulghesu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Madeddu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Amarri
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria E Street
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Association of the HSD11B1rs12086634(T/G) gene polymorphism and IL6 serum level with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fox CW, Zhang L, Sohni A, Doblado M, Wilkinson MF, Chang RJ, Duleba AJ. Inflammatory Stimuli Trigger Increased Androgen Production and Shifts in Gene Expression in Theca-Interstitial Cells. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2946-2958. [PMID: 31599939 PMCID: PMC6855291 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by theca cell hyperplasia and excessive androgen production. An increasing body of evidence has pointed to a close association between PCOS and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. However, the mechanistic basis for this linkage is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of the inflammatory agents lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL-1β on rat theca-interstitial cells (TICs). We found that incubation with either LPS or IL-1β elicited a dose-dependent increase in both TIC viability and androgen production. Using RNA sequencing analysis, we found that both of these inflammatory agents also triggered profound and widespread shifts in gene expression. Using a stringent statistical cutoff, LPS and IL-1β elicited differential expression of 5201 and 5953 genes, respectively. Among the genes upregulated by both LPS and IL-1β were key regulatory genes involved in the cholesterol and androgen biosynthesis pathways, including Cyp17a1, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b, and Hmgcr. This provides a molecular explanation for the mechanism of action of inflammatory agents leading to increased androgen production. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that both LPS and IL-1β regulated genes highly enriched for many common functions, including the immune response and apoptosis. However, a large number of genes (n = 2222) were also uniquely regulated by LPS and IL-1β, indicating that these inflammatory mediators have substantial differences in their mechanism of action. Together, these findings highlight the potential molecular mechanisms through which chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of androgen excess in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea W Fox
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Abhishek Sohni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Manuel Doblado
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Miles F Wilkinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - R Jeffrey Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Antoni J Duleba
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
- Correspondence: Antoni J. Duleba, MD, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, 0633, La Jolla, California 92093. E-mail:
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Cirillo F, Catellani C, Sartori C, Lazzeroni P, Morini D, Nicoli A, Giorgi-Rossi P, Amarri S, La Sala GB, Street ME. CFTR and FOXO1 gene expression are reduced and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is increased in the ovaries and serum of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:842-846. [PMID: 30964354 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1599349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously described increased HMGB1 and reduced FOXO1 dependent on CFTR loss of function in cystic fibrosis (CF) and we showed in vitro that HMGB1 was lowered by insulin. Reduced CFTR gene expression has been described in granulosa cells (GC) from PCOS-induced rats. We aimed at studying CFTR and FOXO1 gene expression in GC, HMGB1 concentrations in serum and follicular fluids (FF), and insulin and IL-6 in FF in PCOS women. Thirty PCOS and 36 non-PCOS women (CTRL) undergoing in vitro fertilization were enrolled. CFTR and FOXO1 gene expression were downregulated in PCOS (p ≤ .05). HMGB1 was higher in PCOS both in FF (p ≤ .05) and in serum (p < .005) whereas insulin was lower, and IL-6 was unchanged with respect to controls. 17-β estradiol was higher in PCOS than in CTRL (p ≤ .005). HMGB1 correlated negatively with insulin in FF (p ≤ .005). The increase in HMGB1 both in FF and in serum, likely reflects both low grade inflammation and insulin sensitivity. IL-6 was unchanged possibly reflecting functions other than inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cirillo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Catellani
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lazzeroni
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daria Morini
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicoli
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgi-Rossi
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sergio Amarri
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni B La Sala
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria E Street
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Fuertes-Martín R, Moncayo S, Insenser M, Martínez-García MÁ, Luque-Ramírez M, Grau NA, Blanchar XC, Escobar-Morreale HF. Glycoprotein A and B Height-to-Width Ratios as Obesity-Independent Novel Biomarkers of Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). J Proteome Res 2019; 18:4038-4045. [PMID: 31503497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women in reproductive age. Obesity and low-grade chronic inflammation are frequently associated with PCOS. Recently, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-derived glycoprotein profiles have emerged as potential biomarkers that reflect systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other pathological processes. The aim of this work is to study plasma glycoprotein profiles as metabolic/inflammatory biomarkers underlying PCOS and its association with inflammation and obesity. We used 1H-NMR spectroscopy to study five glycoprotein variables, namely GlycA, GlycB, and GlycF and the height-to-width (H/W) ratio of GlycA and GlycB, in 17 women with PCOS (9 non-obese and 8 obese), 17 control women (9 non-obese and 8 obese), and 19 healthy men (10 non-obese and 9 obese). H/W ratios of GlycA and GlycB, but not glycoprotein areas, were specifically associated with PCOS independently of obesity. When considered as a whole, obese subjects presented higher GlycA, GlycB, and GlycF areas and higher H/W GlycA and GlycB ratios than their non-obese counterparts. All glycoprotein variables were associated with hsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, showing different correlations among PCOS, women, and men. Our present exploratory results suggest that 1H-NMR-derived glycoprotein profiles might serve as novel diagnostic markers of low-grade chronic inflammation in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Fuertes-Martín
- 1Biosfer Teslab SL , DEEEA , 43007 Tarragona , Spain.,Metabolomics platform , DEEEA-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) , 43204 Reus , Spain
| | - Samuel Moncayo
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group , Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) , 28034 Madrid , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group , Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) , 28034 Madrid , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - M Ángeles Martínez-García
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group , Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) , 28034 Madrid , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group , Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) , 28034 Madrid , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Xavier Correig Blanchar
- 1Biosfer Teslab SL , DEEEA , 43007 Tarragona , Spain.,Metabolomics platform , DEEEA-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) , 43204 Reus , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group , Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) , 28034 Madrid , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
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Hatziagelaki E, Pergialiotis V, Kannenberg JM, Trakakis E, Tsiavou A, Markgraf DF, Carstensen-Kirberg M, Pacini G, Roden M, Dimitriadis G, Herder C. Association between Biomarkers of Low-grade Inflammation and Sex Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 128:723-730. [DOI: 10.1055/a-0992-9114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have higher circulating levels of C-reactive protein, but the relationship between inflammation and endocrine function in PCOS remains poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between low-grade inflammation and sex hormones in women with PCOS.
Design and Patients A comprehensive panel of biomarkers of inflammation was measured in serum of 63 women with PCOS using proximity extension assay technology. Associations of 65 biomarkers with sex hormones were assessed without and with adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI).
Results In the unadjusted analysis, 20 biomarkers were positively correlated with 17-OH-progesterone (17-OH-P), 14 with prolactin and 6 with free testosterone, whereas inverse associations were found for 16 biomarkers with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), 6 with luteinizing hormone (LH) and 6 with estrogen (all p<0.05). Among the positive associations, correlations were mainly found for five chemokines (CXCL11, CCL4, MCP-4/CCL13, CXCL5, CXCL6) and for VEGF-A, LAP-TGFβ1, TNFSF14 and MMP-1. Inverse associations with sex hormones were mainly present for two chemokines (CXCL1, MCP-2/CCL8), CDCP1, CST5 and CSF-1. Adjustment for age and BMI reduced the number of biomarker associations for SHBG and estrogen, but had hardly any impact on associations with 17-OH-P, prolactin, free testosterone and LH.
Conclusion Women with PCOS feature BMI-independent associations between biomarkers of inflammation and certain sex steroid and hypophyseal hormones. Most of these inflammation-related biomarkers were chemokines, which may be relevant as potential mediators of the increased cardiometabolic risk of women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erifili Hatziagelaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Julia M. Kannenberg
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eftihios Trakakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiavou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel F. Markgraf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maren Carstensen-Kirberg
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, CNR Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - George Dimitriadis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ulmus minor bark hydro-alcoholic extract ameliorates histological parameters and testosterone level in an experimental model of PCOS rats. Endocr Regul 2019; 53:146-153. [DOI: 10.2478/enr-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and multifactorial disease associated with female factor infertility. Ulmus minor bark (UMB) is one of the medicinal plants used in Persian folklore as a fertility enhancer. In the current study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of UMB hydro-alcoholic extract on histological parameters and testosterone condition in an experimental model of PCOS rats.
Methods. Thirty female rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) vehicle, (3) PCOS/50 mg [6 mg/kg dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) + 50 mg/kg UMB hydro-alcoholic extract], (4) PCOS/150 mg (6 mg/kg DHEA + 150 mg/kg UMB hydro-alcoholic extract), and (5) PCOS (6 mg/kg DHEA). All interventions were performed for 21 days. Afterwards, stereological analysis was done for determination of ovarian volume and follicle number. The serum level of testosterone was measured by ELISA kit.
Results. UMB hydro-alcoholic extract improved the total number of the corpus luteum in the treatment groups when compared to the PCOS group (p<0.05). PCOS/150 mg and PCOS/50 mg groups showed significantly lower total number of the primordial, primary, and secondary follicles as well as testosterone level compared to the PCOS group (p<0.05). The total number of antral follicles and volume of ovary did not differ significantly between groups.
Conclusion. UMB extract may be an effective and good alternative in improving PCOS histo-logical and testosterone disturbances although further studies are warranted to confirm the safety of UMB plant in human.
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Scheres LJJ, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Ballieux BEPB, Fauser BCJM, Rosendaal FR, Middeldorp S, Cannegieter SC. Endogenous sex hormones and risk of venous thromboembolism in young women. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:1297-1304. [PMID: 31054196 PMCID: PMC6852478 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in young women can predominantly be attributed to exogenous hormone use. The influence of (abnormalities in) endogenous sex hormones, as in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), on VTE risk is uncertain. OBJECTIVES Th assess the association between endogenous sex hormone levels and VTE risk. METHODS Women aged ≤45 years from the MEGA case-control study who provided a blood sample in the absence of exogenous hormone exposure or pregnancy were included. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone were measured. The free androgen index (FAI) and estradiol to testosterone ratio (E:T) were calculated. VTE risk was assessed according to quartiles (Qs) of levels and clinical cut-offs as proxies for PCOS (FAI > 4.5) and POI (FSH > 40 U/L). Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Six hundred and sixty-five women (369 cases; 296 controls) were eligible for the analyses. Testosterone and FSH levels, E:T and POI (FSH > 40 U/L vs FSH ≤ 40 U/L) were not associated with VTE risk. For estradiol, VTE risk was increased with levels in Q4 vs Q1 (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0-2.5). There was a dose-response relationship between SHBG levels and VTE risk, with the highest OR at Q4 vs Q1: 2.0 (95% CI 1.2-3.3). FAI > 4.5 (PCOS proxy) vs FAI ≤ 4.5 was associated with increased VTE risk (OR 3.3; 95% CI 0.9-11.8). CONCLUSIONS Estradiol, SHBG and FAI were associated with VTE risk, suggesting a role for endogenous sex hormones in the pathophysiology of VTE in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk J. J. Scheres
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - Bart E. P. B. Ballieux
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Bart C. J. M. Fauser
- Department of Reproductive Medicine & GynecologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Frits R. Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Saskia Middeldorp
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C. Cannegieter
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Internal MedicineSection of Thrombosis and HemostasisLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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Shi Y, Wang W. Application of different anesthetic methods in coronary artery bypass grafting and the effect on postoperative outcome. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:695-700. [PMID: 30651852 PMCID: PMC6307434 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of different anesthetic methods in coronary artery bypass grafting and its effect on postoperative outcome were explored. Ninety-four patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in Jining No. 1 People's Hospital from March 2017 to February 2018 were randomly divided into the control and observation groups. The control group was anesthetized by fentanyl and propofol. The observation group was anesthetized by sevoflurane combined anesthesia. The mean heart rates (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and cardiac index (CI) in the two groups were compared. The levels of β endorphin (β-EP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients were examined. Adverse reactions in the two groups were compared. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the changes of serum inflammatory factors. The prognosis of the two groups was analyzed and compared. MoCA and MMSE scale were used to evaluate postoperative cognitive function in the two groups. The levels of β-EP and MDA in the two groups during operation were higher than those before operation (P<0.05). On the third, fifth and seventh day after operation, the CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the two groups increased significantly compared to those before operation (P<0.05). The eating time and out of bed time in the observation group were significantly earlier than those in the control group, and the length of stay in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05). On the first day after operation, the scores of MoCA and MMSE in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). The two different anesthetic methods can maintain the perioperative hemodynamic stability of coronary artery bypass patients, but sevoflurane intravenous-inhalation combined anesthesia can effectively adjust the β-EP in the body, and reduce the oxidative stress response, which is favorable for postoperative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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Cirillo F, Catellani C, Lazzeroni P, Sartori C, Nicoli A, Amarri S, La Sala GB, Street ME. MiRNAs Regulating Insulin Sensitivity Are Dysregulated in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Ovaries and Are Associated With Markers of Inflammation and Insulin Sensitivity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:879. [PMID: 31920988 PMCID: PMC6923204 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are gene expression regulators. Altered miRNA levels are associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Insulin resistance and inflammation are both features of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was first to assess differences in selected miRNAs (miR-146a, miR-155, miR-320, miR-370, miR-486), involved in insulin sensitivity regulation and inflammation, in women with or without PCOS. Second, to investigate relationships among these miRNAs, insulin, High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and IL-6 in follicular fluid (FF), serum 17-beta estradiol (E2), and the number of dominant follicles. Methods: Thirty PCOS and thirty-six non-PCOS women undergoing in vitro fertilization were enrolled. RNA from granulosa cells (GC) and FF was extracted and the specific miRNAs were evaluated using qRT-PCR. HMGB1, insulin, and IL-6 in FF, and serum E2 were assayed using specific kits. Results: MiR-146a, miR-155, miR-486 were upregulated and miR-320 and miR-370 were downregulated in GC from the PCOS patients. In FF, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-486 showed lower levels in PCOS, whereas miR-320 and miR-370 showed an opposite trend but no significant changes were observed. These miRNAs showed relationships with Body Mass Index (BMI), age, E2, number of dominant follicles, insulin, and HMGB1. Conclusion: In conclusion, the miRNAs analyzed showed changes in PCOS ovaries and had relationships with indices of inflammation and insulin sensitivity within the ovary, providing evidence for new regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cirillo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Catellani
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lazzeroni
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicoli
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Department Mother and Child, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sergio Amarri
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista La Sala
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Department Mother and Child, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Elisabeth Street
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Webb MA, Mani H, Robertson SJ, Waller HL, Webb DR, Edwardson CL, Bodicoat DH, Yates T, Khunti K, Davies MJ. Moderate increases in daily step count are associated with reduced IL6 and CRP in women with PCOS. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1442-1447. [PMID: 30475222 PMCID: PMC6301194 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims Physical activity has been proposed to be an effective non-pharmacological method of reducing systemic inflammation and therefore may prove particularly efficacious for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who have been shown to have high levels of inflammation and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess whether modest changes in daily step count could significantly reduce levels of inflammatory markers in women with PCOS. Subjects and Methods Sixty-five women with PCOS were assessed at baseline and again at 6 months. All had been provided with an accelerometer and encouraged to increase activity levels. Multivariate linear regression analyses (adjusted for age, ethnicity, baseline step count, change in BMI and change in accelerometer wear-time) were used to assess changes in daily step count against clinical and research biomarkers of inflammation, CVD and T2DM. Results Mean step count/day at baseline was 6337 (±270). An increase in step count (by 1000 steps) was associated with a 13% reduction in IL6 (β: -0.81 ng/L; 95% CI, -1.37, -0.25, P = 0.005) and a 13% reduction in CRP (β: -0.68 mg/L; 95% CI, -1.30, -0.06, P = 0.033). Additionally, there was a modest decrease in BMI (β: 0.20 kg/m2; 95% CI, -0.38, -0.01, P = 0.038). Clinical markers of T2DM and CVD were not affected by increased step count. Conclusions Modest increases in step count/day can reduce levels of inflammatory markers in women with PCOS, which may reduce the future risk of T2DM and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Webb
- NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- The Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - H Mani
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kettering, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to H Mani:
| | - S J Robertson
- The Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - H L Waller
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - D R Webb
- NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - C L Edwardson
- NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - D H Bodicoat
- NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - T Yates
- NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - K Khunti
- NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- The Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - M J Davies
- NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- The Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as a systemic disease with multiple molecular pathways: a narrative review. Endocr Regul 2018; 52:208-221. [DOI: 10.2478/enr-2018-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, amenorrhea, and polycystic ovaries. This endocrinopathy is associated with many metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular complications. Inflammation is likely to play an important role in the promoting these metabolic imbalances, while prothrombotic and pro-oxidative mechanisms further contribute to the cardiovascular risk of these patients. The etiology of PCOS is still not fully understood, but there is evidence of genetic and environmental components. This review aims to discuss some molecular pathways associated with PCOS that could contribute to the better understanding about this syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that intrauterine exposure of female mice to an excess of anti-Müllerian hormone may induce PCOS features in their post-natal life. High cytokine levels and cytokine gene polymorphisms also appear to be associated with the pathophysiology of PCOS. Furthermore, high levels of microparticles may contribute to the altered hemostasis and enhanced inflammation in PCOS. All these mechanisms may be relevant to clarify some aspects of PCOS pathogenesis and inspire new strategies to prevent the syndrome as well as treat its symptoms and mitigate the risk of long-term complications.
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Lopes IP, Ribeiro VB, Reis RM, Silva RC, Dutra de Souza HC, Kogure GS, Ferriani RA, Silva Lara LAD. Comparison of the Effect of Intermittent and Continuous Aerobic Physical Training on Sexual Function of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sex Med 2018; 15:1609-1619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Low plasma testosterone (T) levels correlated with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and increased mortality risk. T exerts a significant effect on the regulation of adipose tissue accumulation, and in the glucose and lipids metabolism. Adipocytes are the primary source of the most important adipokines responsible for inflammation and chronic diseases. This review aims to analyze the possible effect of T on the regulation of the proinflammatory cytokines secretion. A systematic literature search on MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using the combination of the following keywords: “testosterone” with “inflammation,” “cytokines,” “adiponectin, CRP, IL-1B, IL-6, TNFα, leptin” was conducted. Sixteen articles related to the effect of low T level and 18 to the effect of T therapy on proinflammatory cytokine were found. T exerts a significant inhibitory effect on adipose tissue formation and the expression of various adipocytokines, such as leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and is positively correlated with adiponectin level, whereas a low T level is correlated with increased expression of markers of inflammation. Further studies are necessary to investigate the role of T, integrated with weight loss and physical activity, on its action on the mechanisms of production and regulation of proinflammatory cytokines.
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45
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Patel S. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an inflammatory, systemic, lifestyle endocrinopathy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 182:27-36. [PMID: 29678491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder, afflicting females of reproductive age. This syndrome leads to infertility, insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiovascular problems, including a litany of other health issues. PCOS is a polygenic, polyfactorial, systemic, inflammatory, dysregulated steroid state, autoimmune disease, manifesting largely due to lifestyle errors. The advent of biochemical tests and ultrasound scanning has enabled the detection of PCOS in the affected females. Subsequently, a huge amount of insight on PCOS has been garnered in recent times. Interventions like oral contraceptive pills, metformin, and hormone therapy have been developed to bypass or reverse the ill effects of PCOS. However, lifestyle correction to prevent aberrant immune activation and to minimize the exposure to inflammatory agents, appears to be the sustainable therapy of PCOS. This holistic review with multiple hypotheses might facilitate to devise better PCOS management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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46
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Wang L, Li J, Chen J. Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:620. [PMID: 30104997 PMCID: PMC6077236 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Levodopa has been widely used and regarded as the most effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), but long-term treatment with oral levodopa may result in motor fluctuations and involuntary movements (dyskinesias). There is evidence to suggest that Continuous infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) can effectively manage motor and non-motor complications in PD, but clinical studies investigating this have yielded inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to examine the efficacy and safety of LCIG for patients with PD. Methods: A systematic search was conducted to retrieve published data in the EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library up to March 2018. Both efficiency and safety of LCIG were analyzed using pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) or odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs). Results: Eight trials with 384 PD patients were included in the present study. Compared with the control group, LCIG significantly decreased off-time (SMD, −1.19; 95% CI, −2.25 to −0.12; p = 0.003) and increased on-time without troublesome dyskinesia (SMD, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.90; p = 0.002). However, no significant difference of LCIG was found in on-time with troublesome dyskinesia. There were no significant differences in UPDRS, Hoehn & Yahr and PDQ-39 scores. Besides, no significant differences in the drop-out and adverse effects. Conclusions: Continuous delivery of LCIG may offer a promising option for PD patients. More randomized double-blind controlled studies with large sample sizes were needed to further confirm the efficacy and safety of LCIG for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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47
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Ghanei N, Rezaei N, Amiri GA, Zayeri F, Makki G, Nasseri E. The probiotic supplementation reduced inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Kishi H, Kitahara Y, Imai F, Nakao K, Suwa H. Expression of the gonadotropin receptors during follicular development. Reprod Med Biol 2017; 17:11-19. [PMID: 29371816 PMCID: PMC5768975 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gonadotropins induce follicular development that leads to ovulation and luteinization. In women, the level of gonadotropins, along with the expression of their receptors, changes dynamically throughout the menstrual cycle. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these phenomena. Methods The literature was reviewed, including that published by the authors. Main findings (Results) Follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor expression in the granulosa cells was induced by androgens that were derived from growth differentiation factor‐9‐stimulated theca cells. In the theca cells, luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) expression was noted from their appearance. In the granulosa cells, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation was essential for LHR expression. However, FSH alone was not sufficient to respond to the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge for oocyte maturation, ovulation, and subsequent luteinization. To achieve these stages, various local factors that were derived from the granulosa and theca cells in response to FSH and LH stimulation had to work synergistically in an autocrine/paracrine manner to strongly induce LHR expression. Following the LH surge, the LHR expression decreased markedly; miRNAs were involved in this transient LHR downregulation. Following ovulation, LHR expression drastically increased again toward luteinization. Conclusion The expression of gonadotropin receptors is controlled by sophisticated and complicated systems; a breakdown of this system could lead to ovulation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Gunma University Hospital Gunma Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Gunma University Hospital Gunma Japan
| | - Fumiharu Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Gunma University Hospital Gunma Japan
| | - Kohshiro Nakao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Gunma University Hospital Gunma Japan
| | - Hiroto Suwa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Gunma University Hospital Gunma Japan
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Javn S, Thomas S, Ramachandran S, Loganathan S, Sundari M, Mala K. Polycystic ovarian syndrome-associated cardiovascular complications: An overview of the association between the biochemical markers and potential strategies for their prevention and elimination. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S841-S851. [PMID: 28711514 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) including endothelial dysfunction (ED) and presence of metabolic syndrome (MS). The probable reason suggested for elevated CVRF in PCOS is oxidative stress (OS), which is an integral factor in cardiometabolic complications (CMC) seen in PCOS women. The interrelated mechanisms by which CVRF instigate clinical manifestation plays a crucial role in identification of a strategy to treat different comorbidities in PCOS. The existing treatment for PCOS mostly focuses on management of individual disorders, however, therapeutic strategies or novel targets to address cardiovascular complications in PCOS deserve extensive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sb Javn
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India
| | - Sowmya Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India
| | - Sandhiya Ramachandran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India
| | - Swetha Loganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India
| | - Meenakshi Sundari
- Department of General Medicine, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India.
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50
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Tang XL, Sun Z, Gong L. Chromium supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 44:134-143. [PMID: 28929602 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Increasing evidence has suggested that chromium supplementation may improve the clinical symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet the results have been inconsistent. To derive a more precise estimation of the efficacy of chromium, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS Studies published in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library up to April 2017 were retrieved. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95%CI were calculated for net changes using random-effects or fixed-effects models. RESULTS A total of six randomized clinical trials (RCT) with 351 PCOS women were ultimately collected in this meta-analysis. All included RCT were of moderate-high quality. On pooled analysis, insulin resistance was significantly decreased (SMD, -0.84; 95%CI: -1.30 to -0.38; P = 0.0004), while the total testosterone (SMD, 0.36; 95%CI: 0.07-0.65; P = 0.02) and free testosterone (SMD, 0.80; 95%CI: 0.48-1.12; P < 0.00001) were markedly increased in chromium-treated PCOS patients compared with control groups. No significant difference was found in other indexes of insulin metabolism (body mass index, fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index), hormone status (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin) and lipid profiles (cholesterol and triglycerides) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Supplementation with chromium may not have significant benefits for women with PCOS. More RCT with low heterogeneity, however, are required to corroborate the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Tang
- Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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