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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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Xia H, Shanshan X, Sumeng L, Fang X, Tao Z, Cheng C. LncRNA RMRP aggravates LPS-induced HK-2 cell injury and AKI mice kidney injury by upregulating COX2 protein via targeting ELAVL1. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109676. [PMID: 36764281 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is emerging evidence that long non-coding RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (lncRNA RMRP) is involved in acute kidney injury (AKI) progression, but the specific mechanism of action still requires further investigation. METHODS The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated HK-2 cells were transfected with pcDNA-RMRP or si-RMRP, or transfected with pcDNA-ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1) or si-ELAVL1, and cell viability, apoptosis, inflammatory factor secretion and oxidative stress were detected. The LPS-treated HK-2 cells were transfected with si-RMRP alone or together with pcDNA-ELAVL1, and cell behaviors were examined. The LPS-treated HK-2 cells were transfected with si-ELAVL1 alone or together with pcDNA- cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and the cellular changes were observed. The LPS-treated HK-2 cells were transfected with si-RMRP alone or together with pcDNA-ELAVL1, or together with pcDNA-ELAVL1 and si-COX2, and cell behaviors were examined. A mouse model of AKI was constructed using male C57BL/6 mice by the method of cecal ligation and puncture and intraperitoneal injection of LPS to explore the effect of RMRP silencing on renal injury in vivo. RESULTS RMRP and ELAVL1 was upregulated in LPS-treated HK-2 cells, and RMRP or ELAVL1 overexpression inhibited cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis, inflammatory factor secretion and oxidative stress, and RMRP knockdown showed the opposite effects. ELAVL1 upregulated COX2 protein expression and overexpression of COX2 reversed the promoting effects of RMRP knockdown on cell viability, as well as the inhibitory effects on cell apoptosis, inflammatory factor secretion and oxidative stress. Mechanistic findings suggested that RMRP aggravates LPS induced cell injury by activating prostaglandin E (PGE)/janus kinase-2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. We observed that knockdown of RMRP expression significantly alleviated renal tissue apoptosis, inflammatory factor secretion, and oxidative stress with AKI mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may provide a new reference for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou People Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xue Shanshan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou People Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Li Sumeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou People Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou People Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zhou Tao
- Department of Medicine, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou People Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China.
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CD73-Adenosinergic Axis Mediates the Protective Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Ischemic Renal Damage in a Rat Model of Donation after Circulatory Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810681. [PMID: 36142593 PMCID: PMC9501320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a new organ-conditioning strategy based on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs)/extracellular vesicle (EVs) delivery during hypothermic perfusion. MSCs/EVs marker CD73 is present on renal proximal tubular cells, and it protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by converting adenosine monophosphate into adenosine (ADO). In this study, after checking if CD73-silenced EVs (EVsi) would impact in vitro tubular-cell proliferation, we perfused kidneys of a rat model of donation after circulatory death, with Belzer solution (BS) alone, BS supplemented with MSCs, EVs, or EVsi. The ADO and ATP levels were measured in the effluents and tissues. Global renal ischemic damage score (GRS), and tubular cell proliferation index (IPT) were evaluated in the tissue. EVsi did not induce cell proliferation in vitro. Ex vivo kidneys perfused with BS or BS + EVsi showed the worst GRS and higher effluent ADO levels than the MSC- and EV-perfused kidneys. In the EV-perfused kidneys, the tissue and effluent ATP levels and IPT were the highest, but not if CD73 was silenced. Tissue ATP content was positively correlated with tissue ADO content and negatively correlated with effluent ADO level in all groups. In conclusion, kidney conditioning with EVs protects against ischemic damage by activating the CD73/ADO system.
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Cao Q, Huang C, Chen XM, Pollock CA. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Toward Cell-Free Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:816656. [PMID: 35386912 PMCID: PMC8977463 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.816656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising in global prevalence and has become a worldwide public health problem, with adverse outcomes of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. However, current treatments are limited to slowing rather than reversing disease progression or restoring functional nephrons. Hence, innovative strategies aimed at kidney tissue recovery hold promise for CKD therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are commonly used for regenerative therapy due to their potential for proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulation. Accumulating evidence suggests that the therapeutic effects of MSCs are largely mediated by paracrine secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), predominantly exosomes. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) replicate the functions of their originator MSCs via delivery of various genetic and protein cargos to target cells. More recently, MSC-Exos have also been utilized as natural carriers for targeted drug delivery. Therapeutics can be effectively incorporated into exosomes and then delivered to diseased tissue. Thus, MSC-Exos have emerged as a promising cell-free therapy in CKD. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of MSC-Exos and summarize their therapeutic efficacy in preclinical animal models of CKD. We also discuss the potential challenges and strategies in the use of MSC-Exos-based therapies for CKD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Cao
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Chunling Huang
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are of fundamental importance for post-transcriptional gene regulation and protein synthesis. They are required for pre-mRNA processing and for RNA transport, degradation and translation into protein, and can regulate every step in the life cycle of their RNA targets. In addition, RBP function can be modulated by RNA binding. RBPs also participate in the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes that build up macromolecular machineries such as the ribosome and spliceosome. Although most research has focused on mRNA-binding proteins, non-coding RNAs are also regulated and sequestered by RBPs. Functional defects and changes in the expression levels of RBPs have been implicated in numerous diseases, including neurological disorders, muscular atrophy and cancers. RBPs also contribute to a wide spectrum of kidney disorders. For example, human antigen R has been reported to have a renoprotective function in acute kidney injury (AKI) but might also contribute to the development of glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), loss of bicaudal C is associated with cystic kidney diseases and Y-box binding protein 1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AKI, DKD and glomerular disorders. Increasing data suggest that the modulation of RBPs and their interactions with RNA targets could be promising therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases.
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Rampino T, Gregorini M, Germinario G, Pattonieri EF, Erasmi F, Grignano MA, Bruno S, Alomari E, Bettati S, Asti A, Ramus M, De Amici M, Testa G, Bruno S, Ceccarelli G, Serpieri N, Libetta C, Sepe V, Blasevich F, Odaldi F, Maroni L, Vasuri F, La Manna G, Ravaioli M. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Delivered during Hypothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion Repair Ischemic/Reperfusion Damage of Kidneys from Extended Criteria Donors. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030350. [PMID: 35336724 PMCID: PMC8945029 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we explore for the first time an innovative tool for organ preservation aimed to preventing ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in marginal kidneys from expanded criteria donors (ECD) unsuitable for transplantation. Ex vivo hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) with and without MSC-derived EV and normothermic reperfusion (NR) with artificial blood composed of bovine hemoglobin were applied on kidneys to evaluate global renal ischemic damage score, renal ultrastructure, mitochondrial distress, apoptosis, cell proliferation index, and the mediators of energy metabolism. Our study demonstrates that kidney conditioning with HOPE+EV arrests the ischemic damage, prevents reoxygenation-dependent injury, and preserves tissue integrity. EV delivery during HOPE can be considered a new organ preservation strategy to increase the donor pool and improving transplant outcome. The originality of our study lies an EV and HOPE combined novel setting use in kidneys from ECD, but also in any condition for graft dysfunction such as ischemia/reperfusion. Abstract The poor availability of kidney for transplantation has led to a search for new strategies to increase the donor pool. The main option is the use of organs from extended criteria donors. We evaluated the effects of hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) with and without extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells on ischemic/reperfusion injury of marginal kidneys unsuitable for transplantation. For normothermic reperfusion (NR), we used artificial blood as a substitute for red blood cells. We evaluated the global renal ischemic dam-age score (GRS), analyzed the renal ultrastructure (RU), cytochrome c oxidase (COX) IV-1 (a mitochondrial distress marker), and caspase-3 renal expression, the tubular cell proliferation index, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tissue levels, and effluent lactate and glucose levels. HOPE+EV kidneys had lower GRS and better RU, higher COX IV-1 expression and HGF and VEGF levels and lower caspase-3 expression than HOPE kidneys. During NR, HOPE+EV renal effluent had lower lactate release and higher glucose levels than HOPE renal effluent, suggesting that the gluconeogenesis system in HOPE+EV group was pre-served. In conclusion, EV delivery during HOPE can be considered a new organ preservation strategy for increasing the donor pool and improving transplant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rampino
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.P.); (F.E.); (M.A.G.); (A.A.); (M.R.); (N.S.); (C.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Marilena Gregorini
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.P.); (F.E.); (M.A.G.); (A.A.); (M.R.); (N.S.); (C.L.); (V.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-503896
| | - Giuliana Germinario
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (F.O.); (L.M.); (M.R.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.P.); (F.E.); (M.A.G.); (A.A.); (M.R.); (N.S.); (C.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Fulvia Erasmi
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.P.); (F.E.); (M.A.G.); (A.A.); (M.R.); (N.S.); (C.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Grignano
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.P.); (F.E.); (M.A.G.); (A.A.); (M.R.); (N.S.); (C.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.B.); (E.A.)
- Biopharmatec TEC, University of Parma, Tecnopolo Padiglione 33, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Esra Alomari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Biopharmatec TEC, University of Parma, Tecnopolo Padiglione 33, 43124 Parma, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Annalia Asti
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.P.); (F.E.); (M.A.G.); (A.A.); (M.R.); (N.S.); (C.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Marina Ramus
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.P.); (F.E.); (M.A.G.); (A.A.); (M.R.); (N.S.); (C.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Mara De Amici
- Laboratory of Immuno-Allergology of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Testa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Ceccarelli
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Serpieri
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.P.); (F.E.); (M.A.G.); (A.A.); (M.R.); (N.S.); (C.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Carmelo Libetta
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.P.); (F.E.); (M.A.G.); (A.A.); (M.R.); (N.S.); (C.L.); (V.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sepe
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.R.); (E.F.P.); (F.E.); (M.A.G.); (A.A.); (M.R.); (N.S.); (C.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Flavia Blasevich
- Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Federica Odaldi
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (F.O.); (L.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Maroni
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (F.O.); (L.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- “F. Addarii” Institute of Oncology and Transplantation Pathology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Department of Nephrology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Matteo Ravaioli
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (F.O.); (L.M.); (M.R.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Gregorini M, Ticozzelli E, Abelli M, Grignano MA, Pattonieri EF, Giacomoni A, De Carlis L, Dell’Acqua A, Caldara R, Socci C, Bottazzi A, Libetta C, Sepe V, Malabarba S, Manzoni F, Klersy C, Piccolo G, Rampino T. Kidney Transplants From Donors on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Prior to Death Are Associated With Better Long-Term Renal Function Compared to Donors After Circulatory Death. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10179. [PMID: 35210934 PMCID: PMC8862176 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2021.10179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Donation after circulatory death (DCD) allows expansion of the donor pool. We report on 11 years of Italian experience by comparing the outcome of grafts from DCD and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) prior to death donation (EPD), a new donor category. We studied 58 kidney recipients from DCD or EPD and collected donor/recipient clinical characteristics. Primary non function (PNF) and delayed graft function (DGF) rates, dialysis need, hospitalization duration, and patient and graft survival rates were compared. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was measured throughout the follow-up. Better clinical outcomes were achieved with EPD than with DCD despite similar graft and patient survival rates The total warm ischemia time (WIT) was longer in the DCD group than in the EPD group. Pure WIT was the highest in the class II group. The DGF rate was higher in the DCD group than in the EPD group. PNF rate was similar in the groups. Dialysis need was the greatest and hospitalization the longest in the class II DCD group. eGFR was lower in the class II DCD group than in the EPD group. Our results indicate good clinical outcomes of kidney transplants from DCD despite the long “no-touch period” and show that ECMO in the procurement phase improves graft outcome, suggesting EPD as a source for pool expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Gregorini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapia Medica, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Matteo Hospital Foundation (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marilena Gregorini,
| | - Elena Ticozzelli
- Unit of General Surgery 2, Department of Surgical Sciences, San Matteo Hospital Foundation (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Abelli
- Transplant Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria A. Grignano
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Matteo Hospital Foundation (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora F. Pattonieri
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Matteo Hospital Foundation (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giacomoni
- Transplant Center, Department of General Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano De Carlis
- Transplant Center, Department of General Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Dell’Acqua
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Caldara
- Transplant Unit, Department of General Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Socci
- Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottazzi
- ICU1 Department of Intensive Medicine, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmelo Libetta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapia Medica, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Matteo Hospital Foundation (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sepe
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Matteo Hospital Foundation (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Malabarba
- Unit of General Surgery 2, Department of Surgical Sciences, San Matteo Hospital Foundation (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Manzoni
- Health Promotion, Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Hygiene and Health Prevention Department, Health Protection Agency, Pavia, Italy
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Rampino
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Matteo Hospital Foundation (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
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Immunotherapy of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following COVID-19 through mesenchymal stem cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021. [DOI: oi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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9
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Suksatan W, Chupradit S, Yumashev AV, Ravali S, Shalaby MN, Mustafa YF, Kurochkin A, Siahmansouri H. Immunotherapy of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following COVID-19 through mesenchymal stem cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108217. [PMID: 34627083 PMCID: PMC8487784 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new type of coronavirus causing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) that was first observed in Wuhan, China, in Dec. 2019. An inflammatory immune response targeting children appeared during the pandemic, which was associated with COVID-19 named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Characteristics of MIS-C include the classic inflammation findings, multi-organ dysfunction, and fever as the cardinal feature. Up to now, no specific therapy has been identified for MIS-C. Currently, considerable progress has been obtained in the MIS-C treatment by cell therapy, specially Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Unique properties have been reported for MSCs, such as various resources for purification of cell, high proliferation, self-renewal, non-invasive procedure, tissue regenerator, multidirectional differentiation, and immunosuppression. As indicated by a recent clinical research, MSCs have the ability of reducing disease inflammation and severity in children with MIS-C. In the present review study, the benefits and characteristics of MSCs and exosomes are discussed for treating patients with MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Sahithya Ravali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | | | - Homayoon Siahmansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Suksatan W, Chupradit S, Yumashev AV, Ravali S, Shalaby MN, Mustafa YF, Kurochkin A, Siahmansouri H. Immunotherapy of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following COVID-19 through mesenchymal stem cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Short WD, Wang X, Li H, Yu L, Kaul A, Calderon GA, Gilley J, Bollyky PL, Balaji S, Keswani SG. Interleukin-10 Producing T Lymphocytes Attenuate Dermal Scarring. Ann Surg 2021; 274:627-636. [PMID: 34506318 PMCID: PMC8428868 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Demonstrate the impact of IL-10 producing T lymphocytes on mediating dermal scarring. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA We demonstrated that CD4+ cells are essential to improving postinjury wound healing and preventing fibrosis. CD4+ subsets secrete differential cytokine and growth factor profiles, though their role in fibrosis is not known. IL-10, a key anti-inflammatory cytokine shown to promote regenerative wound healing, is secreted by some CD4+ subsets. We, therefore, hypothesize that IL-10 producing CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets selectively attenuate dermal wound fibrosis. METHODS IL-10-/- and wild-type murine splenocytes were enriched for CD4+ lymphocytes and adoptively transferred into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice that received full-thickness wounds which were analyzed at days 7 and 28 for inflammation and collagen content. We then sorted CD4+CD44int/lowFoxP3-CD62L+ T cells (Tnaive) or CD4+CD44HiFoxP3- type 1 regulatory (Tr1) T cell subsets from 10BiT murine splenocytes, activated them, and transferred them into wounds. In vitro, dermal fibroblasts were cocultured with Tnaive or Tr1 and the effect on extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation was analyzed. RESULTS The anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of CD4+ cells on SCID wounds were lost with cells from IL-10-/- mice. Adoptive transfer of Tr1 into SCID mice resulted in accelerated wound closure at d7 with reduced fibrosis at d28, with Tr1 favoring hyaluronan production by fibroblasts, an ECM molecule implicated in IL-10-induced regenerative healing. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 producing T-lymphocytes, specifically Tr1, regulate inflammatory cell cytokine expression to promote HA-rich ECM deposition and attenuate fibrosis. Promoting IL-10 producing lymphocytes in wounds may be a therapeutic target to promote regenerative wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker D Short
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aditya Kaul
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gisele A Calderon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jamie Gilley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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12
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Gregorini M, Del Fante C, Pattonieri EF, Avanzini MA, Grignano MA, Cassaniti I, Baldanti F, Comolli G, Nocco A, Ramondetta M, Viarengo G, Sepe V, Libetta C, Klersy C, Perotti C, Rampino T. Photopheresis Abates the Anti-HLA Antibody Titer and Renal Failure Progression in Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060547. [PMID: 34207225 PMCID: PMC8234140 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The most common cause of late allograft failure is chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), but no effective therapy is available. Different immunosuppressive drugs in combination with procedures that remove serum antibodies have been used and the results have not shown to improve graft and patient outcome, but only an increased risk of adverse events. Extracorporeal pho-topheresis (ECP) is leukapheresis-based immunomodulatory therapy not associated with adverse effect, in which lymphocytes treat-ed with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) are irradiated with ultraviolet-A (UVA) ex vivo and re-infused into the patient. In this study we investigated therapeutic long-term effect of ECP in patients with biopsy proved chronic ABMR. Abstract Objective: Chronic renal antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is a common cause of allograft failure, but an effective therapy is not available. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been proven successful in chronic lung and heart rejection, and graft versus host disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ECP in chronic ABMR patients. Patients and Methods: We investigated ECP treatment in 14 patients with biopsy-proven chronic ABMR and stage 2–3 chronic renal failure. The primary aim was to e valuate the eGFR lowering after 1 year of ECP therapy. The ECP responders (R) showed eGFR reduction greater than 20% vs the basal levels. We also evaluated the effectiveness of ECP on proteinuria, anti-HLA antibodies (HLAab), interleukin 6 (IL-6) serum levels, and CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, NK, Treg and T helper 17 (Th17) circulating cells. Results: Three patients dropped out of the study. The R patients were eight (72.7%) out of the 11 remaining patients. Because ECP was not associated with any adverse reaction, the R patients continued such treatment for up to 3 years, showing a persisting eGFR stabilization. Twenty four hour proteinuria did not increase in the R patients over the follow-up when compared to the non-responder patients (NR). In the R patients, the HLAab levels were reduced and completely cleared in six out of eight patients when compared with the NR patients. The NR HLAab levels also increased after the discontinuation of the ECP. The ECP in the R patients showed a decrease in CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, and NK circulating cells. The ECP treatment in the R patients also induced Tregs and Th17 cell increases, and a decrease of the IL-6 serum levels. Conclusions: ECP abates the HLAab titer and renal failure progression in patients with chronic renal ABMR, modulating the immune cellular and humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Gregorini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.F.P.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-502591; Fax: +39-0382-503666
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (G.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.F.P.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Antonietta Grignano
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.F.P.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.C.); (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.C.); (F.B.); (G.C.)
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuditta Comolli
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.C.); (F.B.); (G.C.)
- Experimental Research Laboratories, Biotechnology Area, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela Nocco
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy; (A.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Miriam Ramondetta
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy; (A.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Gianluca Viarengo
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (G.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Sepe
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.F.P.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Carmelo Libetta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.F.P.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (G.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Teresa Rampino
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.F.P.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.); (T.R.)
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Paris GC, Azevedo AA, Ferreira AL, Azevedo YMA, Rainho MA, Oliveira GP, Silva KR, Cortez EAC, Stumbo AC, Carvalho SN, de Carvalho L, Thole AA. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple organs affected by COVID-19. Life Sci 2021; 278:119510. [PMID: 33865879 PMCID: PMC8049196 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the world has been devastated by an unprecedented pandemic in this century. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been causing disorders, dysfunction and morphophysiological alterations in multiple organs as the disease evolves. There is a great scientific community effort to obtain a therapy capable of reaching the multiple affected organs in order to contribute for tissue repair and regeneration. In this regard, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as potential candidates concerning the promotion of beneficial actions at different stages of COVID-19. MSCs are promising due to the observed therapeutic effects in respiratory preclinical models, as well as in cardiac, vascular, renal and nervous system models. Their immunomodulatory properties and secretion of paracrine mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles allow for long range tissue modulation and, particularly, blood-brain barrier crossing. This review focuses on SARS-CoV-2 impact to lungs, kidneys, heart, vasculature and central nervous system while discussing promising MSC's therapeutic mechanisms in each tissue. In addition, MSC's therapeutic effects in high-risk groups for COVID-19, such as obese, diabetic and hypertensive patients are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C Paris
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline A Azevedo
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana L Ferreira
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yanca M A Azevedo
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mateus A Rainho
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Genilza P Oliveira
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karina R Silva
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erika A C Cortez
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana C Stumbo
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Simone N Carvalho
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lais de Carvalho
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra A Thole
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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14
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Interferon-γ enhances the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells on experimental renal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:850. [PMID: 33441701 PMCID: PMC7807061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) administered for therapeutic purposes can be activated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted from natural killer cells in injured tissues and exert anti-inflammatory effects. These processes require a substantial period of time, leading to a delayed onset of MSCs’ therapeutic effects. In this study, we investigated whether pretreatment with IFN-γ could potentiate the anti-fibrotic ability of MSCs in rats with ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and unilateral ureter obstruction. Administration of MSCs treated with IFN-γ strongly reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and ameliorated interstitial fibrosis compared with control MSCs without IFN-γ treatment. In addition, conditioned medium obtained from IFN-γ-treated MSCs decreased fibrotic changes in cultured cells induced by transforming growth factor-β1 more efficiently than that from control MSCs. Most notably, secretion of prostaglandin E2 from MSCs was significantly increased by treatment with IFN-γ. Increased prostaglandin E2 in conditioned medium obtained from IFN-γ-treated MSCs induced polarization of immunosuppressive CD163 and CD206-positive macrophages. In addition, knockdown of prostaglandin E synthase weakened the anti-fibrotic effects of MSCs treated with IFN-γ in IRI rats, suggesting the involvement of prostaglandin E2 in the beneficial effects of IFN-γ. Administration of MSCs treated with IFN-γ might represent a promising therapy to prevent the progression of renal fibrosis.
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15
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Huoxue Jiedu Huayu Recipe Ameliorates Mesangial Cell Pyroptosis in Contralateral Kidney of UUO Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2530431. [PMID: 33456483 PMCID: PMC7785365 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2530431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To observe the effects of the Huoxue Jiedu Huayu Recipe (HJHR) on pyroptosis of glomerular mesangial cells in the contralateral unobstructed kidney (CK) of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, UUO group (10 days of left ureter ligation), UUO treated with eplerenone (EPL) (UUO + EPL) group, and UUO treated with HJHR (UUO + HJHR) group. The CKs of all rats were collected for studies. Results Cell pyroptosis and macrophage infiltration was found in contralateral glomeruli, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin (IL)-1β expression was upregulated in the CK of UUO rats. All of these changes were inhibited by HJHR and eplerenone. To determine how aldosterone (Aldo) activated the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and then induced mesangial cell pyroptosis with NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1β pathway, human mesangial cells (HMCs) were treated with HJHR and eplerenone, which were examined to detect the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins following treatment with Aldo. Conclusion These results suggest that HJHR and eplerenone suppressed HMC pyroptosis via the MR/NLRP3 pathway.
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16
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Aslam R, Hussain A, Cheng K, Kumar V, Malhotra A, Gupta S, Singhal PC. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells preserves podocyte homeostasis through modulation of parietal epithelial cell activation in adriamycin-induced mouse kidney injury model. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1483-1492. [PMID: 33124682 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To determine the role of the transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in podocyte renewal, we studied BALB/C mice with or without adriamycin-induced acute kidney injury. MSCs were transplanted ectopically under the capsule of the left kidney or into the peritoneal cavity after the onset of kidney injury to test testing their local or systemic paracrine effects, respectively. Adriamycin produced increases in urine protein: creatinine ratios, blood urea nitrogen, and blood pressure, which improved after both renal subcapsular and intraperitoneal MSCs transplants. The histological changes of adriamycin kidney changes regressed in both kidneys and in only the ipsilateral kidney after intraperitoneal or renal subcapsular transplants indicating that the benefits of transplanted MSCs were related to the extent of paracrine factor distribution. Analysis of kidney tissues for p57-positive parietal epithelial cells (PECs) showed that MSC transplants restored adriamycin-induced decreases in the abundance of these cells to normal levels, although after renal subcapsular transplants these changes did not extend to contralateral kidneys. Moreover, adriamycin caused inflammatory activation of PECs with coexpression of CD44 and phospho-ERK, which was normalized in both or only ipsilateral kidneys depending on whether MSCs were transplanted in the peritoneal cavity or subcapsular space, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsana Aslam
- Department of Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Ali Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Kang Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Diabetes Center, The Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, and Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Department of Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA.
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17
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Huang E, Peng N, Xiao F, Hu D, Wang X, Lu L. The Roles of Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5203. [PMID: 32708044 PMCID: PMC7432671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury and inflammatory response trigger the development of fibrosis in various diseases. It has been recognized that both innate and adaptive immune cells are important players with multifaceted functions in fibrogenesis. The activated immune cells produce various cytokines, modulate the differentiation and functions of myofibroblasts via diverse molecular mechanisms, and regulate fibrotic development. The immune cells exhibit differential functions during different stages of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we summarized recent advances in understanding the roles of immune cells in regulating fibrotic development and immune-based therapies in different disorders and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms with a focus on mTOR and JAK-STAT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Huang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China; (N.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Dajun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China; (N.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
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18
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Steen EH, Wang X, Balaji S, Butte MJ, Bollyky PL, Keswani SG. The Role of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-10 in Tissue Fibrosis. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:184-198. [PMID: 32117582 PMCID: PMC7047112 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Fibrosis is the endpoint of chronic disease in multiple organs, including the skin, heart, lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Pathologic accumulation of fibrotic tissue results in a loss of structural integrity and function, with resultant increases in morbidity and mortality. Understanding the pathways governing fibrosis and identifying therapeutic targets within those pathways is necessary to develop novel antifibrotic therapies for fibrotic disease. Recent Advances: Given the connection between inflammation and fibrogenesis, Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been a focus of potential antifibrotic therapies because of its well-known role as an anti-inflammatory mediator. Despite the apparent dissimilarity of diseases associated with fibrotic progression, pathways involving IL-10 appear to be a conserved molecular theme. More recently, many groups have worked to develop novel delivery tools for recombinant IL-10, such as hydrogels, and cell-based therapies, such as ex vivo activated macrophages, to directly or indirectly modulate IL-10 signaling. Critical Issues: Some efforts in this area, however, have been stymied by IL-10's pleiotropic and sometimes conflicting effects. A deeper, contextual understanding of IL-10 signaling and its interaction with effector cells, particularly immune cells, will be critical to future studies in the field. Future Directions: IL-10 is clearly a gatekeeper of fibrotic/antifibrotic signaling. The development of novel therapeutics and cell-based therapies that capitalize on targets within the IL-10 signaling pathway could have far-reaching implications for patients suffering from the consequences of organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H. Steen
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Manish J. Butte
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Abstract
The number of individuals affected by acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is constantly rising. In light of the limited availability of treatment options and their relative inefficacy, cell based therapeutic modalities have been studied. However, not many efforts are put into safety evaluation of such applications. The aim of this study was to review the existing published literature on adverse events reported in studies with genetically modified cells for treatment of kidney disease. A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed and EMBASE for relevant articles published until June 2018. The search results were screened and relevant articles selected using pre-defined criteria, by two researchers independently. After initial screening of 6894 abstracts, a total number of 97 preclinical studies was finally included for full assessment. Of these, 61 (63%) presented an inappropriate study design for the evaluation of safety parameters. Only 4 studies (4%) had the optimal study design, while 32 (33%) showed sub-optimal study design with either direct or indirect evidence of adverse events. The high heterogeneity of studies included regarding cell type and number, genetic modification, administration route, and kidney disease model applied, combined with the consistent lack of appropriate control groups, makes a reliable safety evaluation of kidney cell-based therapies impossible. Only a limited number of relevant studies included looked into essential safety-related outcomes, such as inflammatory (48%), tumorigenic and teratogenic potential (12%), cell biodistribution (82%), microbiological safety with respect to microorganism contamination and latent viruses' reactivation (1%), as well as overall well-being and animal survival (19%). In conclusion, for benign cell-based therapies, well-designed pre-clinical studies, including all control groups required and good manufacturing processes securing safety, need to be done early in development. Preferably, this should be performed side by side with efficacy evaluation and according to the official guidelines of leading health organizations.
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20
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Malekshahabi T, Khoshdel Rad N, Serra AL, Moghadasali R. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Disrupted pathways and potential therapeutic interventions. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12451-12470. [PMID: 30644092 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a monogenic inherited renal cystic disease that occurs in different races worldwide. It is characterized by the development of a multitude of renal cysts, which leads to massive enlargement of the kidney and often to renal failure in adulthood. ADPKD is caused by a mutation in PKD1 or PKD2 genes encoding the proteins polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, respectively. Recent studies showed that cyst formation and growth result from deregulation of multiple cellular pathways like proliferation, apoptosis, metabolic processes, cell polarity, and immune defense. In ADPKD, intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) promotes cyst enlargement by stimulating cell proliferation and transepithelial fluid secretion. Several interventions affecting many of these defective signaling pathways have been effective in animal models and some are currently being tested in clinical trials. Moreover, the stem cell therapy can improve nephropathies and according to studies were done in this field, can be considered as a hopeful therapeutic approach in future for PKD. This study provides an in-depth review of the relevant molecular pathways associated with the pathogenesis of ADPKD and their implications in development of potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talieh Malekshahabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andreas L Serra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Klinik Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Gregorini M, Corradetti V, Pattonieri EF, Rocca C, Milanesi S, Peloso A, Canevari S, De Cecco L, Dugo M, Avanzini MA, Mantelli M, Maestri M, Esposito P, Bruno S, Libetta C, Dal Canton A, Rampino T. Perfusion of isolated rat kidney with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/Extracellular Vesicles prevents ischaemic injury. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21. [PMID: 28639291 PMCID: PMC5706569 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney donation after circulatory death (DCD) is a less than ideal option to meet organ shortages. Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) with Belzer solution (BS) improves the viability of DCD kidneys, although the graft clinical course remains critical. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) promote tissue repair by releasing extracellular vesicles (EV). We evaluated whether delivering MSC-/MSC-derived EV during HMP protects rat DCD kidneys from ischaemic injury and investigated the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Warm ischaemic isolated kidneys were cold-perfused (4 hrs) with BS, BS supplemented with MSC or EV. Renal damage was evaluated by histology and renal gene expression by microarray analysis, RT-PCR. Malondialdehyde, lactate, LDH, glucose and pyruvate were measured in the effluent fluid. MSC-/EV-treated kidneys showed significantly less global ischaemic damage. In the MSC/EV groups, there was up-regulation of three genes encoding enzymes known to improve cell energy metabolism and three genes encoding proteins involved in ion membrane transport. In the effluent fluid, lactate, LDH, MDA and glucose were significantly lower and pyruvate higher in MSC/EV kidneys as compared with BS, suggesting the larger use of energy substrates by MSC/EV kidneys. The addition of MSC/EV to BS during HMP protects the kidney from ischaemic injury by preserving the enzymatic machinery essential for cell viability and protects the kidney from reperfusion damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Gregorini
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Valeria Corradetti
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- PhD School of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- PhD School of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Chiara Rocca
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Samantha Milanesi
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Unit of General SurgeryFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular MedicineFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular MedicineFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular MedicineFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Cell Factory and Research Laboratory‐Department of PediatricsFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Melissa Mantelli
- Cell Factory and Research Laboratory‐Department of PediatricsFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Marcello Maestri
- PhD School of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Unit of General SurgeryFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Carmelo Libetta
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Antonio Dal Canton
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Teresa Rampino
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
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22
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Mou Y, Zhang Y, Guo C, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Dong J, Liao L. Integrated Treatment of Prostaglandin E1 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor in Diabetic Kidney Disease Rats: Possible Role of Antiapoptosis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 37:133-141. [PMID: 29185789 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms underlying prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) on reducing urinary protein in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). DKD rats were established and randomly divided into four groups: PGE1 (10 μg/kg/day) (P group), ACEI (10 mg/kg/day) (A group), combination of PGE1 with ACEI treatment (P + A group), and saline treatment group (DKD group). Untreated rats were used as normal control (N group). Urinary albumin, endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiotensin II (AngII), TUNEL assay, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry staining for CD68 were evaluated in all groups. Ten days after treatment, urinary albumin was significantly decreased in the P and P + A groups (p < 0.01 vs. the DKD group). At the end of 8 weeks, the albumin was still significantly reduced in the P + A group (p < 0.05 vs. the A group). ET-1 and AngII were also significantly decreased in three treatment groups (p < 0.01 vs. the DKD group), especially in the P + A group. Few cells underwent apoptosis in glomerular regions in DKD rats, while amounts of apoptotic cells were seen in tubules regions. Further, apoptosis and the areas of fibrosis in tubulointerstitial were both decreased most in the P + A group compared with the DKD group. Apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells may participate in the development and progression of DKD in rats. Combination of PGE1 with AGEI remarkably protects renal function compared with PGE1 or ACEI monotherapy. The potential therapeutic mechanisms of PGE1 and AGEI might be via multiple targets and, at least in part, through inhibiting the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Mou
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Congcong Guo
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, China .,3 First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- 4 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, China
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23
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Törmänen S, Pörsti I, Lakkisto P, Tikkanen I, Niemelä O, Paavonen T, Mustonen J, Eräranta A. Endothelin A receptor blocker and calcimimetic in the adenine rat model of chronic renal insufficiency. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:323. [PMID: 29078759 PMCID: PMC5659028 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied whether endothelin receptor antagonist and calcimimetic treatments influence renal damage and kidney renin-angiotensin (RA) components in adenine-induced chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 80) were divided into 5 groups for 12 weeks: control (n = 12), 0.3% adenine (Ade; n = 20), Ade + 50 mg/kg/day sitaxentan (n = 16), Ade + 20 mg/kg/day cinacalcet (n = 16), and Ade + sitaxentan + cinacalcet (n = 16). Blood pressure (BP) was measured using tail-cuff, kidney histology was examined, and RA components measured using RT-qPCR. RESULTS Adenine caused tubulointerstitial damage with severe CRI, anemia, hyperphosphatemia, 1.8-fold increase in urinary calcium excretion, and 3.5-fold and 18-fold increases in plasma creatinine and PTH, respectively. Sitaxentan alleviated tubular atrophy, while sitaxentan + cinacalcet combination reduced interstitial inflammation, tubular dilatation and atrophy in adenine-rats. Adenine diet did not influence kidney angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and AT4 receptor mRNA, but reduced mRNA of renin, AT1a, AT2, (pro)renin receptor and Mas to 40-60%, and suppressed ACE2 to 6% of that in controls. Sitaxentan reduced BP by 8 mmHg, creatinine, urea, and phosphate concentrations by 16-24%, and PTH by 42%. Cinacalcet did not influence BP or creatinine, but reduced PTH by 84%, and increased hemoglobin by 28% in adenine-rats. The treatments further reduced renin mRNA by 40%, while combined treatment normalized plasma PTH, urinary calcium, and increased ACE2 mRNA 2.5-fold versus the Ade group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In adenine-induced interstitial nephritis, sitaxentan improved renal function and tubular atrophy. Sitaxentan and cinacalcet reduced kidney renin mRNA by 40%, while their combination alleviated tubulointerstitial damage and urinary calcium loss, and increased kidney tissue ACE2 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Törmänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Pörsti
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. .,School of Medicine / Internal Medicine, FIN-33014 University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Timo Paavonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Mustonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arttu Eräranta
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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24
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Shang J, Zhao Z. Emerging role of HuR in inflammatory response in kidney diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:753-763. [PMID: 28910975 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a member of the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) family which can bind to the A/U rich elements in 3' un-translated region of mRNA and regulate mRNA splicing, transportation, and stability. Unlike other members of the ELAV family, HuR is ubiquitously expressed. Early studies mainly focused on HuR function in malignant diseases. As researches proceed, more and more proofs demonstrate its relationship with inflammation. Since most kidney diseases involve pathological changes of inflammation, HuR is now suggested to play a pivotal role in glomerular nephropathy, tubular ischemia-reperfusion damage, renal fibrosis and even renal tumors. By regulating the mRNAs of target genes, HuR is causally linked to the onset and progression of kidney diseases. Reports on this topic are steadily increasing, however, the detailed function and mechanism of action of HuR are still not well understood. The aim of this review article is to summarize the present understanding of the role of HuR in inflammation in kidney diseases, and we anticipate that future research will ultimately elucidate the therapeutic value of this novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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25
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Sierra-Parraga JM, Eijken M, Hunter J, Moers C, Leuvenink H, Møller B, Ploeg RJ, Baan CC, Jespersen B, Hoogduijn MJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Anti-Inflammatory and Regenerative Mediators for Donor Kidneys During Normothermic Machine Perfusion. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1162-1170. [PMID: 28557562 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great demand for transplant kidneys for the treatment of end-stage kidney disease patients. To expand the donor pool, organs from older and comorbid brain death donors, so-called expanded criteria donors (ECD), as well as donation after circulatory death donors, are considered for transplantation. However, the quality of these organs may be inferior to standard donor organs. A major issue affecting graft function and survival is ischemia/reperfusion injury, which particularly affects kidneys from deceased donors. The development of hypothermic machine perfusion has been introduced in kidney transplantation as a preservation technique and has improved outcomes in ECD and marginal organs compared to static cold storage. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is the most recent evolution of perfusion technology and allows assessment of the donor organ before transplantation. The possibility to control the content of the perfusion fluid offers opportunities for damage control and reparative therapies during machine perfusion. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been demonstrated to possess potent regenerative properties via the release of paracrine effectors. The combination of NMP and MSC administration at the same time is a promising procedure in the field of transplantation. Therefore, the MePEP consortium has been created to study this novel modality of treatment in preparation for human trials. MePEP aims to assess the therapeutic effects of MSC administered ex vivo by NMP in the mechanisms of injury and repair in a porcine kidney autotransplantation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Maria Sierra-Parraga
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Eijken
- 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine and Nephrology C, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - James Hunter
- 3 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril Moers
- 4 Department of Surgery-Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henri Leuvenink
- 4 Department of Surgery-Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bjarne Møller
- 5 Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rutger J Ploeg
- 3 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carla C Baan
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bente Jespersen
- 6 Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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Makhlough A, Shekarchian S, Moghadasali R, Einollahi B, Hosseini SE, Jaroughi N, Bolurieh T, Baharvand H, Aghdami N. Safety and tolerability of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in ADPKD patients. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:116. [PMID: 28535817 PMCID: PMC5442691 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic ciliopathy disease characterized by progressive formation and enlargement of cysts in multiple organs. The kidneys are particularly affected and patients may eventually develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We hypothesize that bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) are renotropic and may improve kidney function via anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aim to assess the safety and tolerability of a BMMSC infusion in ADPKD patients. Methods We performed a single-arm phase I clinical trial with a 12-month follow-up. This study enrolled six eligible ADPKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25–60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Patients received autologous cultured BMMSCs (2 × 106 cells/kg) through the cubital vein according to our infusion protocol. We investigated safety issues and kidney function during the follow-up visits, and compared the findings to baseline and 1 year prior to the intervention. Results There were no patients lost to follow-up. We observed no cell-related adverse events (AE) and serious adverse events (SAE) after 12 months of follow-up. The mean eGFR value of 33.8 ± 5.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 1 year before cell infusion declined to 26.7 ± 3.1 ml/min/1.73 m2 at baseline (P = 0.03) and 25.8 ± 6.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 at the 12-month follow-up visit (P = 0.62). The mean serum creatinine (SCr) level of 2 ± 0.3 mg/dl 1 year before the infusion increased to 2.5 ± 0.4 mg/dl at baseline (P = 0.04) and 2.5 ± 0.6 mg/dl at the 12-month follow-up (P = 0.96). This indicated significant changes between the differences of these two periods (12 months before infusion to baseline, and 12 months after infusion to baseline) in SCr (P = 0.05), but not eGFR (P = 0.09). Conclusions This trial demonstrated the safety and tolerability of an intravenous transplantation of autologous BMMSCs. BMMSC efficacy in ADPKD patients should be investigated in a randomized placebo-controlled trial with a larger population, which we intend to perform. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02166489. Registered on June 14, 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0557-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Makhlough
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Sari University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Soroosh Shekarchian
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Esmat Hosseini
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Jaroughi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Bolurieh
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Matsui F, Babitz SK, Rhee A, Hile KL, Zhang H, Meldrum KK. Mesenchymal stem cells protect against obstruction-induced renal fibrosis by decreasing STAT3 activation and STAT3-dependent MMP-9 production. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F25-F32. [PMID: 27760767 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00311.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is a transcription factor implicated in renal fibrotic injury, but the role of STAT3 in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-induced renoprotection during renal fibrosis remains unknown. We hypothesized that MSCs protect against obstruction-induced renal fibrosis by downregulating STAT3 activation and STAT3-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent renal arterial injection of vehicle or MSCs (1 × 106/rat) immediately before sham operation or induction of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The kidneys were harvested after 4 wk and analyzed for collagen I and III gene expression, collagen deposition (Masson's trichrome), fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, active STAT3 (p-STAT3), MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) expression. In a separate arm, the STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 (10 mg/kg) vs. vehicle was administered to rats intraperitoneally just after induction of UUO and daily for 14 days thereafter. The kidneys were harvested after 2 wk and analyzed for p-STAT3 and MMP-9 expression, and collagen and fibronectin deposition. Renal obstruction induced a significant increase in collagen, fibronectin, α-SMA, p-STAT3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 expression while exogenously administered MSCs significantly reduced these indicators of obstruction-induced renal fibrosis. STAT3 inhibition with S3I-201 significantly reduced obstruction-induced MMP-9 expression and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. These results demonstrate that MSCs protect against obstruction-induced renal fibrosis, in part, by decreasing STAT3 activation and STAT3-dependent MMP-9 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Matsui
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Stephen K Babitz
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Audrey Rhee
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Karen L Hile
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Kirstan K Meldrum
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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