1
|
Yoshimatsu S, Okahara J, Yoshie J, Igarashi Y, Nakajima R, Sanosaka T, Qian E, Sato T, Kobayashi H, Morimoto S, Kishi N, Pillis DM, Malik P, Noce T, Okano H. Generation of a tyrosine hydroxylase-2A-Cre knockin non-human primate model by homology-directed-repair-biased CRISPR genome editing. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100590. [PMID: 37714158 PMCID: PMC10545943 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are the closest animal model to humans; thus, gene engineering technology in these species holds great promise for the elucidation of higher brain functions and human disease models. Knockin (KI) gene targeting is a versatile approach to modify gene(s) of interest; however, it generally suffers from the low efficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR) in mammalian cells, especially in non-expressed gene loci. In the current study, we generated a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-2A-Cre KI model of the common marmoset monkey (marmoset; Callithrix jacchus) using an HDR-biased CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing approach using Cas9-DN1S and RAD51. This model should enable labeling and modification of a specific neuronal lineage using the Cre-loxP system. Collectively, the current study paves the way for versatile gene engineering in NHPs, which may be a significant step toward further biomedical and preclinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yoshimatsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junko Okahara
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Junko Yoshie
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoko Igarashi
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakajima
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sanosaka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Emi Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tsukika Sato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kishi
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Devin M Pillis
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute (CBDI), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute (CBDI), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Hematology, CBDI, CCHMC, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Toshiaki Noce
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yim YY, Nestler EJ. Cell-Type-Specific Neuroproteomics of Synapses. Biomolecules 2023; 13:998. [PMID: 37371578 PMCID: PMC10296650 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, our knowledge of synaptic proteomes and their relationship to normal brain function and neuropsychiatric disorders has been expanding rapidly through the use of more powerful neuroproteomic approaches. However, mass spectrometry (MS)-based neuroproteomic studies of synapses still require cell-type, spatial, and temporal proteome information. With the advancement of sample preparation and MS techniques, we have just begun to identify and understand proteomes within a given cell type, subcellular compartment, and cell-type-specific synapse. Here, we review the progress and limitations of MS-based neuroproteomics of synapses in the mammalian CNS and highlight the recent applications of these approaches in studying neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder and substance use disorders. Combining neuroproteomic findings with other omics studies can generate an in-depth, comprehensive map of synaptic proteomes and possibly identify new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for several central nervous system disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Young Yim
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Murphy S, Collis Glynn M, Dixon TN, Grill HJ, McNally GP, Ong ZY. Nucleus of the solitary tract A2 neurons control feeding behaviors via projections to the paraventricular hypothalamus. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:351-361. [PMID: 36114285 PMCID: PMC9751294 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hindbrain NTS neurons are highly attuned to internal physiological and external environmental factors that contribute to the control of food intake but the relevant neural phenotypes and pathways remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of NTS A2 neurons and their projections in the control of feeding behaviors. In male TH Cre rats, we first confirmed selective targeting of NTS A2 neurons and showed that chemogenetic stimulation of these neurons significantly suppressed dark cycle food intake, deprivation re-feed and high fat diet intake. Despite reducing intake, activation of NTS A2 neurons had no effect on food approach, anxiety-like behaviors, locomotor activity, blood glucose levels nor did it induce nausea/malaise, thus revealing a selective role for these neurons in the consummatory aspect of food intake control. Pathway-specific mapping and manipulation of NTS A2 neurons showed that these effects were mediated by NTS A2 neurons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) because chemogenetic activation of these projections, but not projections to bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), reduced food intake. Cell-type specific analyses demonstrated that activation of NTS A2 neurons recruited both PVH oxytocin (OT)- and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-expressing neurons, and plasma analyses showed increased plasma corticosterone following NTS A2 stimulation. While we also showed that chemogenetic inhibition of NTS A2 neurons attenuated the intake inhibitory effects of CCK, the specificity of transgene expression was low. Together, these findings showed that NTS A2 neurons are sufficient to control the consummatory aspects of feeding, regardless of energy status or food palatability and identified their projections to PVH, but not BNST, in food intake control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Murphy
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Metika Collis Glynn
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Tiarani N. Dixon
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Harvey J. Grill
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Gavan P. McNally
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Zhi Yi Ong
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Combining CRISPR-Cas9 and brain imaging to study the link from genes to molecules to networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122552119. [PMID: 36161926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122552119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors, transporters, and ion channels are important targets for therapy development in neurological diseases, but their mechanistic role in pathogenesis is often poorly understood. Gene editing and in vivo imaging approaches will help to identify the molecular and functional role of these targets and the consequence of their regional dysfunction on the whole-brain level. We combine CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing with in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) and functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate the direct link between genes, molecules, and the brain connectome. The extensive knowledge of the Slc18a2 gene encoding the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2), involved in the storage and release of dopamine, makes it an excellent target for studying the gene network relationships while structurally preserving neuronal integrity and function. We edited the Slc18a2 in the substantia nigra pars compacta of adult rats and used in vivo molecular imaging besides behavioral, histological, and biochemical assessments to characterize the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated VMAT2 knockdown. Simultaneous PET/fMRI was performed to investigate molecular and functional brain alterations. We found that stage-specific adaptations of brain functional connectivity follow the selective impairment of presynaptic dopamine storage and release. Our study reveals that recruiting different brain networks is an early response to the dopaminergic dysfunction preceding neuronal cell loss. Our combinatorial approach is a tool to investigate the impact of specific genes on brain molecular and functional dynamics, which will help to develop tailored therapies for normalizing brain function.
Collapse
|
5
|
Solecki WB, Kielbinski M, Wilczkowski M, Zajda K, Karwowska K, Joanna B, Rajfur Z, Przewłocki R. Regulation of cocaine seeking behavior by locus coeruleus noradrenergic activity in the ventral tegmental area is time- and contingency-dependent. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:967969. [PMID: 35992934 PMCID: PMC9388848 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.967969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder is linked to impairments in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) reward system. Noradrenergic (NA) inputs from locus coeruleus (LC) into VTA have been shown to modulate VTA neuronal activity, and are implicated in psychostimulant effects. Phasic LC activity controls time- and context-sensitive processes: decision making, cognitive flexibility, motivation and attention. However, it is not yet known how such temporally-distinct LC activity contributes to cocaine seeking. In a previous study we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of NA signaling in VTA specifically attenuates cocaine-seeking. Here, we used virally-delivered opsins to target LC neurons for inhibition or excitation, delivered onto afferents in VTA of male rats seeking cocaine under extinction conditions. Optogenetic stimulation or inhibition was delivered in distinct conditions: upon active lever press, contingently with discreet cues; or non-contingently, i.e., throughout the cocaine seeking session. Non-contingent inhibition of LC noradrenergic terminals in VTA attenuated cocaine seeking under extinction conditions. In contrast, contingent inhibition increased, while contingent stimulation reduced cocaine seeking. These findings were specific for cocaine, but not natural reward (food) seeking. Our results show that NA release in VTA drives behavior depending on timing and contingency between stimuli – context, discreet conditioned cues and reinforcer availability. We show that, depending on those factors, noradrenergic signaling in VTA has opposing roles, either driving CS-induced drug seeking, or contributing to behavioral flexibility and thus extinction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech B. Solecki
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- *Correspondence: Wojciech B. Solecki,
| | - Michał Kielbinski
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Wilczkowski
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zajda
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Karwowska
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernacka Joanna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Department of Biosystems Physics, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ryszard Przewłocki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gnazzo FG, Mourra D, Guevara C, Beeler JA. Chronic food restriction enhances dopamine-mediated intracranial self-stimulation. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1128-1133. [PMID: 34284450 PMCID: PMC8373704 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine-mediated reinforcement and behavioral adaptation is essential to survival. Here, we test the effects of food restriction on dopamine-mediated learning and reinforcement using optical intracranial self-stimulation (oICSS), an optogenetic version of conventional electrical ICSS (also known as brain stimulation reward, BSR). Using mouse genetic lines to express channelrhodopsin selectively in midbrain dopamine neurons, we demonstrate that genetically expressed channelrhodopsin can mediate optically evoked dopamine release and support self-stimulation in a lever-pressing paradigm. Using this midbrain dopamine oICSS preparation, we compare acquisition and rate of pressing in ad libitum versus food restricted mice. Food restriction facilitated both more rapid acquisition of self-stimulation behavior and higher rates of responding; reversing food status after acquisition modulated response vigor in already established behavior. These data suggest that food restriction enhances both the acquisition and expression of dopamine-reinforced self-stimulation responding. These data demonstrate the utility of oICSS for examining changes in reinforcement learning concomitant to neuroadaptations induced in dopamine signaling by experimental manipulations such as food restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico G. Gnazzo
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Devry Mourra
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, New York, NY, USA
- CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Guevara
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, New York, NY, USA
- (current ) Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeff A. Beeler
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, New York, NY, USA
- CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University New York, New York, NY, USA
- Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University New York, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Duarte Azevedo M, Sander S, Jeanneret C, Olfat S, Tenenbaum L. Selective targeting of striatal parvalbumin-expressing interneurons for transgene delivery. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 354:109105. [PMID: 33652020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PVCre mice--> combined with AAV-FLEX vectors allowed efficient and specific targeting of PV+ interneurons in the striatum. However, diffusion of viral particles to the globus pallidus caused massive transduction of PV+ projection neurons and subsequent anterograde transport of the transgene product to the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Different AAV serotypes (1 and 9) and promoters (CBA and human synapsin) were evaluated. The combination of AAV1, a moderate expression level (human synapsin promoter) and a precise adjustment of the stereotaxic coordinates in the anterior and dorsolateral part of the striatum were necessary to avoid transduction of PV+ GP projection neurons. Even in the absence of direct transduction due to diffusion of viral particles, GP PV+ projection neurons could be retrogradely transduced via their terminals present in the dorsal striatum. However, in the absence of diffusion, GP-Str PV+ projection neurons were poorly or not transduced suggesting that retrograde transduction did not significantly impair the selective targeting of striatal PV+ neurons. Finally, a prominent reduction of the number of striatal PV+ interneurons (about 50 %) was evidenced in the presence of the Cre recombinase suggesting that functional effects of AAV-mediated transgene expression in PV+ striatal interneurons in PVCre mice should be analyzed with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Duarte Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Center for Neuroscience Research, Clinical Neurosciences Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Sibilla Sander
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Center for Neuroscience Research, Clinical Neurosciences Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl Jeanneret
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Center for Neuroscience Research, Clinical Neurosciences Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Soophie Olfat
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Center for Neuroscience Research, Clinical Neurosciences Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Tenenbaum
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Center for Neuroscience Research, Clinical Neurosciences Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choi JY, Jang HJ, Ornelas S, Fleming WT, Fürth D, Au J, Bandi A, Engel EA, Witten IB. A Comparison of Dopaminergic and Cholinergic Populations Reveals Unique Contributions of VTA Dopamine Neurons to Short-Term Memory. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108492. [PMID: 33326775 PMCID: PMC8038523 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We systematically compare the contributions of two dopaminergic and two cholinergic ascending populations to a spatial short-term memory task in rats. In ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTA-DA) and nucleus basalis cholinergic (NB-ChAT) populations, trial-by-trial fluctuations in activity during the delay period relate to performance with an inverted-U, despite the fact that both populations have low activity during that time. Transient manipulations reveal that only VTA-DA neurons, and not the other three populations we examine, contribute causally and selectively to short-term memory. This contribution is most significant during the delay period, when both increases and decreases in VTA-DA activity impair short-term memory. Our results reveal a surprising dissociation between when VTA-DA neurons are most active and when they have the biggest causal contribution to short-term memory, and they also provide support for classic ideas about an inverted-U relationship between neuromodulation and cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Choi
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Hee Jae Jang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sharon Ornelas
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Weston T Fleming
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Daniel Fürth
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Jennifer Au
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Akhil Bandi
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Esteban A Engel
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ilana B Witten
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel P, Yau JOY, Willing A, Prasad AA, Power JM, Killcross S, Clifford CWG, McNally GP. The Mesolimbic Dopamine Activity Signatures of Relapse to Alcohol-Seeking. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6409-6427. [PMID: 32669355 PMCID: PMC7424877 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0724-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine system comprises distinct compartments supporting different functions in learning and motivation. Less well understood is how complex addiction-related behaviors emerge from activity patterns across these compartments. Here we show how different forms of relapse to alcohol-seeking in male rats are assembled from activity across the VTA and the nucleus accumbens. First, we used chemogenetic approaches to show a causal role for VTA TH neurons in two forms of relapse to alcohol-seeking: renewal (context-induced reinstatement) and reacquisition. Then, using gCaMP fiber photometry of VTA TH neurons, we identified medial and lateral VTA TH neuron activity profiles during self-administration, renewal, and reacquisition. Next, we used optogenetic inhibition of VTA TH neurons to show distinct causal roles for VTA subregions in distinct forms of relapse. We then used dLight fiber photometry to measure dopamine binding across the ventral striatum (medial accumbens shell, accumbens core, lateral accumbens shell) and showed complex and heterogeneous profiles of dopamine binding during self-administration and relapse. Finally, we used representational similarity analysis to identify mesolimbic dopamine signatures of self-administration, extinction, and relapse. Our results show that signatures of relapse can be identified from heterogeneous activity profiles across the mesolimbic dopamine system and that these signatures are unique for different forms of relapse.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is axiomatic that the actions of dopamine are critical to drug addiction. Yet how relapse to drug-seeking is assembled from activity across the mesolimbic dopamine system is poorly understood. Here we show how relapse to alcohol-seeking relates to activity in specific VTA and accumbens compartments, how these change for different forms of relapse, and how relapse-associated activity relates to activity during self-administration and extinction. We report the mesolimbic dopamine activity signatures for relapse and show that these signatures are unique for different forms of relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Joanna Oi-Yue Yau
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Alexandra Willing
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Asheeta A Prasad
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - John M Power
- Department of Physiology and Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Simon Killcross
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Colin W G Clifford
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luo L, Ambrozkiewicz MC, Benseler F, Chen C, Dumontier E, Falkner S, Furlanis E, Gomez AM, Hoshina N, Huang WH, Hutchison MA, Itoh-Maruoka Y, Lavery LA, Li W, Maruo T, Motohashi J, Pai ELL, Pelkey KA, Pereira A, Philips T, Sinclair JL, Stogsdill JA, Traunmüller L, Wang J, Wortel J, You W, Abumaria N, Beier KT, Brose N, Burgess HA, Cepko CL, Cloutier JF, Eroglu C, Goebbels S, Kaeser PS, Kay JN, Lu W, Luo L, Mandai K, McBain CJ, Nave KA, Prado MA, Prado VF, Rothstein J, Rubenstein JL, Saher G, Sakimura K, Sanes JR, Scheiffele P, Takai Y, Umemori H, Verhage M, Yuzaki M, Zoghbi HY, Kawabe H, Craig AM. Optimizing Nervous System-Specific Gene Targeting with Cre Driver Lines: Prevalence of Germline Recombination and Influencing Factors. Neuron 2020; 106:37-65.e5. [PMID: 32027825 PMCID: PMC7377387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Cre-loxP system is invaluable for spatial and temporal control of gene knockout, knockin, and reporter expression in the mouse nervous system. However, we report varying probabilities of unexpected germline recombination in distinct Cre driver lines designed for nervous system-specific recombination. Selective maternal or paternal germline recombination is showcased with sample Cre lines. Collated data reveal germline recombination in over half of 64 commonly used Cre driver lines, in most cases with a parental sex bias related to Cre expression in sperm or oocytes. Slight differences among Cre driver lines utilizing common transcriptional control elements affect germline recombination rates. Specific target loci demonstrated differential recombination; thus, reporters are not reliable proxies for another locus of interest. Similar principles apply to other recombinase systems and other genetically targeted organisms. We hereby draw attention to the prevalence of germline recombination and provide guidelines to inform future research for the neuroscience and broader molecular genetics communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Mateusz C. Ambrozkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Benseler
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Emilie Dumontier
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Naosuke Hoshina
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Mary Anne Hutchison
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yu Itoh-Maruoka
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Laura A. Lavery
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77003, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tomohiko Maruo
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan,Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan,Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Junko Motohashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Pelkey
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ariane Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas Philips
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Sinclair
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeff A. Stogsdill
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Jiexin Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joke Wortel
- Department of Functional Genomics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and University Medical Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wenjia You
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Departments of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nashat Abumaria
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China,Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kevin T. Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Harold A. Burgess
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Constance L. Cepko
- Departments of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean-François Cloutier
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Neurobiology, and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pascal S. Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Kay
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kenji Mandai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan,Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Chris J. McBain
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco A.M. Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vania F. Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Rothstein
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John L.R. Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Joshua R. Sanes
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hisashi Umemori
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and University Medical Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Huda Yahya Zoghbi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77003, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Department of Gerontology, Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Z, Schiel JA, Maksimova E, Strezoska Ž, Zhao G, Anderson EM, Wu Y, Warren J, Bartels A, van Brabant Smith A, Lowe CE, Forbes KP. ErCas12a CRISPR-MAD7 for Model Generation in Human Cells, Mice, and Rats. CRISPR J 2020; 3:97-108. [PMID: 32315227 PMCID: PMC7194332 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2019.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MAD7 is an engineered class 2 type V-A CRISPR-Cas (Cas12a/Cpf1) system isolated from Eubacterium rectale. Analogous to Cas9, it is an RNA-guided nuclease with demonstrated gene editing activity in Escherichia coli and yeast cells. Here, we report that MAD7 is capable of generating indels and fluorescent gene tagging of endogenous genes in human HCT116 and U2OS cancer cell lines, respectively. In addition, MAD7 is highly proficient in generating indels, small DNA insertions (23 bases), and larger integrations ranging from 1 to 14 kb in size in mouse and rat embryos, resulting in live-born transgenic animals. Due to the different protospacer adjacent motif requirement, small-guide RNA, and highly efficient targeted gene disruption and insertions, MAD7 can expand the CRISPR toolbox for genome enginnering across different systems and model organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Liu
- ENVIGO Research Model Services (Formerly Horizon Discovery Group), St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John A. Schiel
- Horizon Discovery Group Company, Lafayette, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Guojun Zhao
- ENVIGO Research Model Services (Formerly Horizon Discovery Group), St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Yumei Wu
- ENVIGO Research Model Services (Formerly Horizon Discovery Group), St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joe Warren
- ENVIGO Research Model Services (Formerly Horizon Discovery Group), St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Angela Bartels
- ENVIGO Research Model Services (Formerly Horizon Discovery Group), St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin P. Forbes
- ENVIGO Research Model Services (Formerly Horizon Discovery Group), St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Z, Brown A, Fisher D, Wu Y, Warren J, Cui X. Correction: Tissue Specific Expression of Cre in Rat Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Dopamine Active Transporter-Positive Neurons. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218976. [PMID: 31220192 PMCID: PMC6586405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
|
13
|
Bäck S, Necarsulmer J, Whitaker LR, Coke LM, Koivula P, Heathward EJ, Fortuno LV, Zhang Y, Yeh CG, Baldwin HA, Spencer MD, Mejias-Aponte CA, Pickel J, Hoffman AF, Spivak CE, Lupica CR, Underhill SM, Amara SG, Domanskyi A, Anttila JE, Airavaara M, Hope BT, Hamra FK, Richie CT, Harvey BK. Neuron-Specific Genome Modification in the Adult Rat Brain Using CRISPR-Cas9 Transgenic Rats. Neuron 2019; 102:105-119.e8. [PMID: 30792150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the rat has been the preferred animal model for behavioral studies. Limitations in genome modification have, however, caused a lag in their use compared to the bevy of available transgenic mice. Here, we have developed several transgenic tools, including viral vectors and transgenic rats, for targeted genome modification in specific adult rat neurons using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Starting from wild-type rats, knockout of tyrosine hydroxylase was achieved with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors expressing Cas9 or guide RNAs (gRNAs). We subsequently created an AAV vector for Cre-dependent gRNA expression as well as three new transgenic rat lines to specifically target CRISPR-Cas9 components to dopaminergic neurons. One rat represents the first knockin rat model made by germline gene targeting in spermatogonial stem cells. The rats described herein serve as a versatile platform for making cell-specific and sequence-specific genome modifications in the adult brain and potentially other Cre-expressing tissues of the rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bäck
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Julie Necarsulmer
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Leslie R Whitaker
- Neuronal Ensembles in Drug Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lamarque M Coke
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pyry Koivula
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Emily J Heathward
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lowella V Fortuno
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - C Grace Yeh
- Neuronal Ensembles in Drug Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Heather A Baldwin
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Morgan D Spencer
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carlos A Mejias-Aponte
- Histology Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - James Pickel
- Transgenic Technology Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander F Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Charles E Spivak
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Suzanne M Underhill
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan G Amara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni E Anttila
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruce T Hope
- Neuronal Ensembles in Drug Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - F Kent Hamra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christopher T Richie
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He M, Huang ZJ. Genetic approaches to access cell types in mammalian nervous systems. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:109-118. [PMID: 29471215 PMCID: PMC5984678 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding brain circuit organization and function requires systematic dissection of its cellular components. With vast cell number and diversity, mammalian nervous systems present a daunting challenge for achieving specific and comprehensive cell type access-prerequisite to circuit analysis. Genetic approaches in the mouse have relied on germline engineering to access marker-defined cell populations. Combinatorial strategies that engage marker intersection, anatomy and projection pattern (e.g. antero-grade and retro-grade viral vectors), and developmental lineage substantially increase the specificity of cell type targeting. While increasing number of mouse cell types are becoming experimentally accessible, comprehensive coverage requires larger coordinated efforts with strategic infrastructural and fiscal planning. CRISPR-based genome editing may enable cell type access in other species, but issues of time, cost and ethics remain, especially for primates. Novel approaches that bypass the germline, such as somatic cell engineering and cell surface-based gene delivery, may reduce the barrier of genetic access to mammalian cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Z Josh Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oligo-Porphyran Ameliorates Neurobehavioral Deficits in Parkinsonian Mice by Regulating the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 Pathway. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16030082. [PMID: 29509717 PMCID: PMC5867626 DOI: 10.3390/md16030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that is caused by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. Current PD treatments provide symptomatic relief but do not prevent or decelerate disease progression. Previous studies have suggested that acetylated and phosphorylated porphyran, derived from Porphyra, produces a neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA-induced damage. Due to its antioxidant and neuroprotective potential, this study evaluates whether oligo-porphyran (OP) could be beneficial in an experimental model of PD in mice. The drug 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was intraperitoneally injected (20 mg/kg body weight) for seven days to simulate PD, followed by OP administration. We found that the behavioral deficits in spontaneous motor activity, latency to descend in a pole test, and suspension in a traction test were ameliorated, and excessive dopamine (DA) metabolism was suppressed after OP treatment. Additionally, we found that OP protected dopaminergic neurons by preventing MPTP-induced decreases in dopaminergic transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels. We speculated whether OP regulates a signaling pathway that affects the behavioral changes seen in PD mice. In this study, the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway was detected. Our results demonstrate that OP increased the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β and inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, with changes in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These results showed that OP might promote DA neuron survival in vivo by regulating the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, thereby ameliorating the neurobehavioral deficits in a PD mouse model and suggesting OP as a neuroprotective treatment for PD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Creed RB, Goldberg MS. New Developments in Genetic rat models of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2018; 33:717-729. [PMID: 29418019 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical research on Parkinson's disease has relied heavily on mouse and rat animal models. Initially, PD animal models were generated primarily by chemical neurotoxins that induce acute loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. On the discovery of genetic mutations causally linked to PD, mice were used more than rats to generate laboratory animals bearing PD-linked mutations because mutagenesis was more difficult in rats. Recent advances in technology for mammalian genome engineering and optimization of viral expression vectors have increased the use of genetic rat models of PD. Emerging research tools include "knockout" rats with disruption of genes in which mutations have been causally linked to PD, including LRRK2, α-synuclein, Parkin, PINK1, and DJ-1. Rats have also been increasingly used for transgenic and viral-mediated overexpression of genes relevant to PD, particularly α-synuclein. It may not be realistic to obtain a single animal model that completely reproduces every feature of a human disease as complex as PD. Nevertheless, compared with mice with the same mutations, many genetic rat animal models of PD better reproduce key aspects of PD including progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, locomotor behavior deficits, and age-dependent formation of abnormal α-synuclein protein aggregates. Here we briefly review new developments in genetic rat models of PD that may have greater potential for identifying underlying mechanisms, for discovering novel therapeutic targets, and for developing greatly needed treatments to slow or halt disease progression. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rose B Creed
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Matthew S Goldberg
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Beloate LN, Omrani A, Adan RA, Webb IC, Coolen LM. Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Cell Activation during Male Rat Sexual Behavior Regulates Neuroplasticity and d-Amphetamine Cross-Sensitization following Sex Abstinence. J Neurosci 2016; 36:9949-61. [PMID: 27656032 PMCID: PMC6705564 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0937-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Experience with sexual behavior causes cross-sensitization of amphetamine reward, an effect dependent on a period of sexual reward abstinence. We previously showed that ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key mediator of this cross-sensitization, potentially via dopamine receptor activation. However, the role of mesolimbic dopamine for sexual behavior or cross-sensitization between natural and drug reward is unknown. This was tested using inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine cells. rAAV5/hSvn-DIO-hm4D-mCherry was injected into the VTA of TH::Cre adult male rats. Males received clozapine N-oxide (CNO) or vehicle injections before each of 5 consecutive days of mating or handling. Following an abstinence period of 7 d, males were tested for amphetamine conditioned place preference (CPP). Next, males were injected with CNO or vehicle before mating or handling for analysis of mating-induced cFos, sex experience-induced ΔFosB, and reduction of VTA dopamine soma size. Results showed that CNO did not affect mating behavior. Instead, CNO prevented sexual experience-induced cross-sensitization of amphetamine CPP, ΔFosB in the NAc and medial prefrontal cortex, and decreases in VTA dopamine soma size. Expression of hm4D-mCherry was specific to VTA dopamine cells and CNO blocked excitation and mating-induced cFos expression in VTA dopamine cells. These findings provide direct evidence that VTA dopamine activation is not required for initiation or performance of sexual behavior. Instead, VTA dopamine directly contributes to increased vulnerability for drug use following loss of natural reward by causing neuroplasticity in the mesolimbic pathway during the natural reward experience. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Drugs of abuse act on the neural pathways that mediate natural reward learning and memory. Exposure to natural reward behaviors can alter subsequent drug-related reward. Specifically, experience with sexual behavior, followed by a period of abstinence from sexual behavior, causes increased reward for amphetamine in male rats. This study demonstrates that activation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons during sexual experience regulates cross-sensitization of amphetamine reward. Finally, ventral tegmental area dopamine cell activation is essential for experience-induced neural adaptations in the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and ventral tegmental area. These findings demonstrate a role of mesolimbic dopamine in the interaction between natural and drug rewards, and identify mesolimbic dopamine as a key mediator of changes in vulnerability for drug use after loss of natural reward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Beloate
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, and
| | - Azar Omrani
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger A Adan
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ian C Webb
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences
| | - Lique M Coolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, and
| |
Collapse
|