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Zorn P, Calvo Sánchez J, Alakhras T, Schreier B, Gekle M, Hüttelmaier S, Köhn M. Rbfox1 controls alternative splicing of focal adhesion genes in cardiac muscle cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 16:mjae003. [PMID: 38253401 PMCID: PMC11216089 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is one of the major cellular processes that determine the tissue-specific expression of protein variants. However, it remains challenging to identify physiologically relevant and tissue-selective proteins that are generated by alternative splicing. Hence, we investigated the target spectrum of the splicing factor Rbfox1 in the cardiac muscle context in more detail. By using a combination of in silico target prediction and in-cell validation, we identified several focal adhesion proteins as alternative splicing targets of Rbfox1. We focused on the alternative splicing patterns of vinculin (metavinculin isoform) and paxillin (extended paxillin isoform) and identified both as potential Rbfox1 targets. Minigene analyses suggested that both isoforms are promoted by Rbfox1 due to binding in the introns. Focal adhesions play an important role in the cardiac muscle context, since they mainly influence cell shape, cytoskeletal organization, and cell-matrix association. Our data confirmed that depletion of Rbfox1 changed cardiomyoblast morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and multinuclearity after differentiation, which might be due to changes in alternative splicing of focal adhesion proteins. Hence, our results indicate that Rbfox1 promotes alternative splicing of focal adhesion genes in cardiac muscle cells, which might contribute to heart disease progression, where downregulation of Rbfox1 is frequently observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zorn
- Junior Group ‘Non-coding RNAs and RBPs in Human Diseases’, Medical Faculty, University of Halle–Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jaime Calvo Sánchez
- Junior Group ‘Non-coding RNAs and RBPs in Human Diseases’, Medical Faculty, University of Halle–Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tala Alakhras
- Junior Group ‘Non-coding RNAs and RBPs in Human Diseases’, Medical Faculty, University of Halle–Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Barbara Schreier
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Halle–Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Halle–Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Halle–Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marcel Köhn
- Junior Group ‘Non-coding RNAs and RBPs in Human Diseases’, Medical Faculty, University of Halle–Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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2
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Zhang Y, Li N, Kobayashi S. Paxillin participates in the sphingosylphosphorylcholine-induced abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle by regulating Rho-kinase activation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:58. [PMID: 38254202 PMCID: PMC10801962 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ca2+-independent contraction of vascular smooth muscle is a leading cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular spasms. In the previous study, we demonstrated the involvement of Src family protein tyrosine kinase Fyn and Rho-kinase in the sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC)-induced abnormal and Ca2+-independent contraction of vascular smooth muscle, but the specific mechanism has not been completely clarified. METHODS Paxillin knockdown human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) and smooth muscle-specific paxillin knockout mice were generated by using paxillin shRNA and the tamoxifen-inducible Cre-LoxP system, respectively. CASMCs contraction was observed by time-lapse recording. The vessel contractility was measured by using a myography assay. Fyn, Rho-kinase, and myosin light chain activation were assessed by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. The paxillin expression and actin stress fibers were visualized by histological analysis and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS The SPC-induced abnormal contraction was inhibited in paxillin knockdown CASMCs and arteries of paxillin knockout mice, indicating that paxillin is involved in this abnormal contraction. Further study showed that paxillin knockdown inhibited the SPC-induced Rho-kinase activation without affecting Fyn activation. In addition, paxillin knockdown significantly inhibited the SPC-induced actin stress fiber formation and myosin light chain phosphorylation. These results suggest that paxillin, as an upstream molecule of Rho-kinase, is involved in the SPC-induced abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that paxillin participates in the SPC-induced abnormal vascular smooth muscle contraction by regulating Rho-kinase activation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Sei Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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3
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Hofeichner J, Gahr BM, Huber M, Boos A, Rottbauer W, Just S. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated nexilin deficiency interferes with cardiac contractile function in zebrafish in vivo. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22679. [PMID: 38114601 PMCID: PMC10730861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nexilin (NEXN) plays a crucial role in stabilizing the sarcomeric Z-disk of striated muscle fibers and, when mutated, leads to dilated cardiomyopathy in humans. Due to its early neonatal lethality in mice, the detailed impact of the constitutive homozygous NEXN knockout on heart and skeletal muscle morphology and function is insufficiently investigated. Here, we characterized a constitutive homozygous CRISPR/Cas9-mediated nexn knockout zebrafish model. We found that Nexn deficient embryos developed significantly reduced cardiac contractility and under stressed conditions also impaired skeletal muscle organization whereas skeletal muscle function seemed not to be affected. Remarkably, in contrast to nexn morphants, CRISPR/Cas9 nexn-/- knockout embryos showed a milder phenotype without the development of a pronounced pericardial edema or blood congestion. nexn-specific expression analysis as well as whole transcriptome profiling suggest some degree of compensatory mechanisms. Transcripts of numerous essential sarcomeric proteins were massively induced and may mediate a sarcomere stabilizing function in nexn-/- knockout embryos. Our findings demonstrate the successful generation and characterization of a constitutive homozygous nexn knockout line enabling the detailed investigation of the role of nexn on heart and skeletal muscle development and function as well as to assess putative compensatory mechanisms induced by the loss of Nexn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janessa Hofeichner
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Martin Gahr
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alena Boos
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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4
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Boos A, Gahr BM, Park DD, Braun V, Bühler A, Rottbauer W, Just S. Hdac1-deficiency affects the cell cycle axis Cdc25-Cdk1 causing impaired G2/M phase progression and reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:98-106. [PMID: 37149988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish have the ability to fully regenerate their hearts after injury since cardiomyocytes subsequently dedifferentiate, re-enter cell cycle, and proliferate to replace damaged myocardial tissue. Recent research identified the reactivation of dormant developmental pathways during cardiac regeneration in adult zebrafish, suggesting pro-proliferative pathways important for developmental heart growth to be also critical for regenerative heart growth after injury. Histone deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) was recently shown to control both, embryonic as well as adult regenerative cardiomyocyte proliferation in the zebrafish model. Nevertheless, regulatory pathways controlled by Hdac1 are not defined yet. By analyzing RNA-seq-derived transcriptional profiles of the Hdac1-deficient zebrafish mutant baldrian, we here identified DNA damage response (DDR) pathways activated in baldrian mutant embryos. Surprisingly, although the DDR signaling pathway was transcriptionally activated, we found the complete loss of protein expression of the known DDR effector and cell cycle inhibitor p21. Consequently, we observed an upregulation of the p21-downstream target Cdk2, implying elevated G1/S phase transition in Hdac1-deficient zebrafish hearts. Remarkably, Cdk1, another p21-but also Cdc25-downstream target was downregulated. Here, we found the significant downregulation of Cdc25 protein expression, explaining reduced Cdk1 levels and suggesting impaired G2/M phase progression in Hdac1-deficient zebrafish embryos. To finally prove defective cell cycle progression due to Hdac1 loss, we conducted Cytometer-based cell cycle analyses in HDAC1-deficient murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes and indeed found impaired G2/M phase transition resulting in defective cardiomyocyte proliferation. In conclusion, our results suggest a critical role of Hdac1 in maintaining both, regular G1/S and G2/M phase transition in cardiomyocytes by controlling the expression of essential cell cycle regulators such as p21 and Cdc25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Boos
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Martin Gahr
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Deung-Dae Park
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Braun
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Bühler
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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Voisard P, Diofano F, Glazier AA, Rottbauer W, Just S. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Constitutive Loss of VCP (Valosin-Containing Protein) Impairs Proteostasis and Leads to Defective Striated Muscle Structure and Function In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126722. [PMID: 35743185 PMCID: PMC9223409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP) acts as a key regulator of cellular protein homeostasis by coordinating protein turnover and quality control. Mutations in VCP lead to (cardio-)myopathy and neurodegenerative diseases such as inclusion body myopathy with Paget’s disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To date, due to embryonic lethality, no constitutive VCP knockout animal model exists. Here, we generated a constitutive CRISPR/Cas9-induced vcp knockout zebrafish model. Similar to the phenotype of vcp morphant knockdown zebrafish embryos, we found that vcp-null embryos displayed significantly impaired cardiac and skeletal muscle function. By ultrastructural analysis of skeletal muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, we observed severely disrupted myofibrillar organization and accumulation of inclusion bodies as well as mitochondrial degeneration. vcp knockout was associated with a significant accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, suggesting impaired proteasomal function. Additionally, markers of unfolded protein response (UPR)/ER-stress and autophagy-related mTOR signaling were elevated in vcp-deficient embryos, demonstrating impaired proteostasis in VCP-null zebrafish. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the successful generation of a stable constitutive vcp knockout zebrafish line that will enable characterization of the detailed mechanistic underpinnings of vcp loss, particularly the impact of disturbed protein homeostasis on organ development and function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Voisard
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.V.); (F.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Federica Diofano
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.V.); (F.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Amelia A. Glazier
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.V.); (F.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.V.); (F.D.); (A.A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-45118; Fax: +49-731-500-45159
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Huang K, Zhang X, Duan J, Wang R, Wu Z, Yang C, Yang L. STAT4 and COL1A2 are potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for heart failure comorbided with depression. Brain Res Bull 2022; 184:68-75. [PMID: 35367598 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) and depression are common disorders that markedly compromise quality of life and impose a great financial burden on the society. Although increasing evidence has supported the closely linkage between the two disorders, the comorbidity mechanisms remain to be fully illuminated. We performed a bioinformatics network analysis to understand potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HF comorbided with depression. METHODS We downloaded the datasets of HF and depression from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and constructed co-expression networks by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the common genes existing in the HF and depression related modules. Then, we employed the STRING database to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and detected the hub genes in the network. Finally, we validated the expression difference of hub genes from additional datasets of HF and depression. RESULTS Functional enrichment analysis indicated that platelet activation, chemokine signaling and focal adhesion were probably involved in HF comorbided with depression. PPI network construction indicated that HF comorbided with depression is likely related to 5 hub genes, including STAT4, CD83, CX3CR1, COL1A2, and SH2D1B. In validated datasets, STAT4 and COL1A2 were especially involved in the comorbidity of HF and depression. CONCLUSION Our work indicated a total of 5 hub genes including STAT4, CD83, CX3CR1, COL1A2, and SH2D1B, in which STAT4 and COL1A2 especially underlie the comorbidity mechanisms of HF and depression. These shared pathways might provide new targets for further mechanistic studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of HF and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiahao Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ruting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Zifeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China.
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Gomes KP, Jadli AS, de Almeida LGN, Ballasy NN, Edalat P, Shandilya R, Young D, Belke D, Shearer J, Dufour A, Patel VB. Proteomic Analysis Suggests Altered Mitochondrial Metabolic Profile Associated With Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:791700. [PMID: 35310970 PMCID: PMC8924072 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.791700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) occurs independently of cardiovascular diseases or hypertension, leading to heart failure and increased risk for death in diabetic patients. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in DbCM, we performed a quantitative proteomic profiling analysis in the left ventricle (LV) of type 2 diabetic mice. Six-month-old C57BL/6J-lepr/lepr (db/db) mice exhibited DbCM associated with diastolic dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy. Using quantitative shotgun proteomic analysis, we identified 53 differentially expressed proteins in the LVs of db/db mice, majorly associated with the regulation of energy metabolism. The subunits of ATP synthase that form the F1 domain, and Cytochrome c1, a catalytic core subunit of the complex III primarily responsible for electron transfer to Cytochrome c, were upregulated in diabetic LVs. Upregulation of these key proteins may represent an adaptive mechanism by diabetic heart, resulting in increased electron transfer and thereby enhancement of mitochondrial ATP production. Conversely, diabetic LVs also showed a decrease in peptide levels of NADH dehydrogenase 1β subcomplex subunit 11, a subunit of complex I that catalyzes the transfer of electrons to ubiquinone. Moreover, the atypical kinase COQ8A, an essential lipid-soluble electron transporter involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone, was also downregulated in diabetic LVs. Our study indicates that despite attempts by hearts from diabetic mice to augment mitochondrial ATP energetics, decreased levels of key components of the electron transport chain may contribute to impaired mitochondrial ATP production. Preserved basal mitochondrial respiration along with the markedly reduced maximal respiratory capacity in the LVs of db/db mice corroborate the association between altered mitochondrial metabolic profile and cardiac dysfunction in DbCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P. Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anshul S. Jadli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Luiz G. N. de Almeida
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Noura N. Ballasy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pariya Edalat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ruchita Shandilya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Young
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Darrell Belke
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B. Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Vaibhav B. Patel ;
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8
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Chang YW, Song ZH, Chen CC. FAK regulates cardiomyocyte mitochondrial fission and function through Drp1. FEBS J 2021; 289:1897-1910. [PMID: 34739186 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the mitochondrial fission enzyme dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in cardiomyocytes results in energy shortage and heart failure. We aim to understand the intracellular signal pathway and extracellular factors regulating Drp1 phosphorylation and mitochondrial morphology and function in cardiomyocytes. We found cyclic mechanical stretching induced mitochondrial fission through Drp1 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). FAK regulated phosphorylation of Drp1 and mitochondrial Drp1 levels. Extracellular fibronectin activated Drp1 and caused mitochondrial fission through FAK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Fibronectin increased NRVMs oxygen consumption rate and ATP content via FAK-ERK1/2-Drp1. Inhibition of the FAK-ERK1/2-Drp1 pathway caused cellular energy shortage. In addition, the FAK-ERK1/2-Drp1 pathway was rapidly activated by adrenergic agonists and contributed to agonists-stimulated NRVMs respiration. Interestingly, fibronectin limited the adrenergic agonists-induced NRVMs respiration by restricting phosphorylation of Drp1. Our results suggest that extracellular fibronectin and adrenergic stimulations use the FAK-ERK1/2-Drp1 pathway to regulate mitochondrial morphology and function in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wang Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Han Song
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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Bühler A, Gahr BM, Park DD, Bertozzi A, Boos A, Dalvoy M, Pott A, Oswald F, Kovall RA, Kühn B, Weidinger G, Rottbauer W, Just S. Histone deacetylase 1 controls cardiomyocyte proliferation during embryonic heart development and cardiac regeneration in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009890. [PMID: 34723970 PMCID: PMC8584950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, the zebrafish maintains its cardiomyocyte proliferation capacity throughout adulthood. However, neither the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the proliferation of cardiomyocytes during developmental heart growth nor in the context of regeneration in the adult are sufficiently defined yet. We identified in a forward genetic N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen the recessive, embryonic-lethal zebrafish mutant baldrian (bal), which shows severely impaired developmental heart growth due to diminished cardiomyocyte proliferation. By positional cloning, we identified a missense mutation in the zebrafish histone deacetylase 1 (hdac1) gene leading to severe protein instability and the loss of Hdac1 function in vivo. Hdac1 inhibition significantly reduces cardiomyocyte proliferation, indicating a role of Hdac1 during developmental heart growth in zebrafish. To evaluate whether developmental and regenerative Hdac1-associated mechanisms of cardiomyocyte proliferation are conserved, we analyzed regenerative cardiomyocyte proliferation after Hdac1 inhibition at the wound border zone in cryoinjured adult zebrafish hearts and we found that Hdac1 is also essential to orchestrate regenerative cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult vertebrate heart. In summary, our findings suggest an important and conserved role of Histone deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) in developmental and adult regenerative cardiomyocyte proliferation in the vertebrate heart. Heart disease is one of the most common causes of death in all developed countries. While zebrafish cardiomyocytes are able to proliferate throughout adulthood, mammalian cardiomyocytes lose this ability during early development, and therefore are not capable to replace and renew cardiomyocytes after injury. The underlying mechanisms of cardiomyocyte proliferation are still not completely resolved. Understanding how zebrafish cardiomyocytes preserve their proliferating state, would be a valuable information to foster cardiac regeneration, e.g. after myocardial infarction in patients. Knowledge of the signaling pathways that need to be activated, or deactivated in order to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation after acute or chronic injury will pave the way for the development of genetic and/or pharmacological treatment options. In an ENU-mutagenesis screen, we identified the zebrafish mutant baldrian, which shows reduced embryonic cardiomyocyte proliferation. As genetic cause of the observed phenotype, we identified a missense mutation in the hdac1 gene. By treatment of heart-injured adult fish with the HDAC1 inhibitor Mocetinostat, we were able to show a reduced rate of cardiomyocyte proliferation also in the adult zebrafish heart in vivo, suggesting a role of Hdac1 in embryonic heart growth and adult regenerative cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bühler
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd M Gahr
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Deung-Dae Park
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alberto Bertozzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alena Boos
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mohankrishna Dalvoy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Pott
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Franz Oswald
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rhett A Kovall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, and Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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10
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Meagher PB, Lee XA, Lee J, Visram A, Friedberg MK, Connelly KA. Cardiac Fibrosis: Key Role of Integrins in Cardiac Homeostasis and Remodeling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040770. [PMID: 33807373 PMCID: PMC8066890 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common finding that is associated with the progression of heart failure (HF) and impacts all chambers of the heart. Despite intense research, the treatment of HF has primarily focused upon strategies to prevent cardiomyocyte remodeling, and there are no targeted antifibrotic strategies available to reverse cardiac fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis is defined as an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins which stiffen the myocardium resulting in the deterioration cardiac function. This occurs in response to a wide range of mechanical and biochemical signals. Integrins are transmembrane cell adhesion receptors, that integrate signaling between cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes with the ECM by the communication of mechanical stress signals. Integrins play an important role in the development of pathological ECM deposition. This review will discuss the role of integrins in mechano-transduced cardiac fibrosis in response to disease throughout the myocardium. This review will also demonstrate the important role of integrins as both initiators of the fibrotic response, and modulators of fibrosis through their effect on cardiac fibroblast physiology across the various heart chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B. Meagher
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (P.B.M.); (X.A.L.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Xavier Alexander Lee
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (P.B.M.); (X.A.L.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Joseph Lee
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (P.B.M.); (X.A.L.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Aylin Visram
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (P.B.M.); (X.A.L.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Mark K. Friedberg
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Labatt Family Heart Center and Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kim A. Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (P.B.M.); (X.A.L.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +141-686-45201
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11
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Modulating hESC-derived cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell function with triple-helical peptides for heart tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120612. [PMID: 33385684 PMCID: PMC7884910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of cardiomyocyte (CM) and endothelial cell (EC) specific interactions with collagen in the assembly of an operational myocardium in vitro. Engineered cardiac patches represent valuable tools for myocardial repair following infarction and are generally constituted of a suitable biomaterial populated by CMs and supportive cell types. Among those, ECs are required for tissue vascularization and positively modulate CM function. To direct the function of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived CM and EC seeded on biomaterials, we replicated cell-collagen interactions, which regulate cellular behaviour in the native myocardium, using triple-helical peptides (THPs) that are ligands for collagen-binding proteins. THPs enhanced proliferation and activity of CMs and ECs separately and in co-culture, drove CM maturation and enabled coordinated cellular contraction on collagen films. These results highlight the importance of collagen interactions on cellular response and establish THP-functionalized biomaterials as novel tools to produce engineered cardiac tissues.
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12
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Diofano F, Weinmann K, Schneider I, Thiessen KD, Rottbauer W, Just S. Genetic compensation prevents myopathy and heart failure in an in vivo model of Bag3 deficiency. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009088. [PMID: 33137814 PMCID: PMC7605898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the molecular co-chaperone Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) are found to cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), resulting in systolic dysfunction and heart failure, as well as myofibrillar myopathy (MFM), which is characterized by protein aggregation and myofibrillar disintegration in skeletal muscle cells. Here, we generated a CRISPR/Cas9-induced Bag3 knockout zebrafish line and found the complete preservation of heart and skeletal muscle structure and function during embryonic development, in contrast to morpholino-mediated knockdown of Bag3. Intriguingly, genetic compensation, a process of transcriptional adaptation which acts independent of protein feedback loops, was found to prevent heart and skeletal muscle damage in our Bag3 knockout model. Proteomic profiling and quantitative real-time PCR analyses identified Bag2, another member of the Bag protein family, significantly upregulated on a transcript and protein level in bag3-/- mutants. This implied that the decay of bag3 mutant mRNA in homozygous bag3-/- embryos caused the transcriptional upregulation of bag2 expression. We further demonstrated that morpholino-mediated knockdown of Bag2 in bag3-/- embryos evoked severe functional and structural heart and skeletal muscle defects, which are similar to Bag3 morphants. However, Bag2 knockdown in bag3+/+ or bag3+/- embryos did not result in (cardio-)myopathy. Finally, we found that inhibition of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) machinery by knockdown of upf1, an essential NMD factor, caused severe heart and skeletal muscle defects in bag3-/- mutants due to the blockade of transcriptional adaptation of bag2 expression. Our findings provide evidence that genetic compensation might vitally influence the penetrance of disease-causing bag3 mutations in vivo. One form of genetic compensation is described as transcriptional adaptation of gene expression triggered by deleterious gene mutations. Although the precise molecular mechanism that induces genetic compensation needs to be defined, it represents a powerful biological phenomenon that warrants genetic robustness. We find that antisense-mediated knockdown of Bag3 in zebrafish embryos causes heart failure and myopathy. By contrast, CRISPR/Cas9-induced depletion of Bag3 does not result in the abrogation of heart and skeletal muscle function in zebrafish embryos. We find here that transcriptional activation of the Bag family member bag2 is capable of restoring heart and skeletal muscle function in bag3 mutant embryos, whereas this compensatory mechanism is not present in the bag3 morphants. Furthermore, we show that nonsense-mediated decay of bag3 mRNA is the molecular trigger for the compensatory upregulation of bag2. Our study provides evidence that genetic compensation via transcriptional adaptation is a vital modulator of disease peculiarity and penetrance in bag3 mutant zebrafish and that this biological phenomenon might also be active in certain human BAG3 mutation carriers.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/deficiency
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Molecular Chaperones/genetics
- Molecular Chaperones/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscular Diseases/genetics
- Muscular Diseases/metabolism
- Muscular Diseases/pathology
- Mutation
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Proteomics
- Zebrafish
- Zebrafish Proteins/deficiency
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Diofano
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karolina Weinmann
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Isabelle Schneider
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin D. Thiessen
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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13
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Liu R, Sun F, Forghani P, Armand LC, Rampoldi A, Li D, Wu R, Xu C. Proteomic Profiling Reveals Roles of Stress Response, Ca 2+ Transient Dysregulation, and Novel Signaling Pathways in Alcohol-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2187-2199. [PMID: 32981093 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use in pregnancy increases the risk of abnormal cardiac development, and excessive alcohol consumption in adults can induce cardiomyopathy, contractile dysfunction, and arrhythmias. Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced cardiac toxicity could provide guidance in the development of therapeutic strategies. METHODS We have performed proteomic and bioinformatic analysis to examine protein alterations globally and quantitatively in cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) treated with ethanol (EtOH). Proteins in both cell lysates and extracellular culture media were systematically quantitated. RESULTS Treatment with EtOH caused severe detrimental effects on hiPSC-CMs as indicated by significant cell death and deranged Ca2+ handling. Treatment of hiPSC-CMs with EtOH significantly affected proteins responsible for stress response (e.g., GPX1 and HSPs), ion channel-related proteins (e.g. ATP1A2), myofibril structure proteins (e.g., MYL2/3), and those involved in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (e.g., ILK and PXN). Proteins involved in the TNF receptor-associated factor 2 signaling (e.g., CPNE1 and TNIK) were also affected by EtOH treatment. CONCLUSIONS The observed changes in protein expression highlight the involvement of oxidative stress and dysregulation of Ca2+ handling and contraction while also implicating potential novel targets in alcohol-induced cardiotoxicity. These findings facilitate further exploration of potential mechanisms, discovery of novel biomarkers, and development of targeted therapeutics against EtOH-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Pediatrics, (RL), the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, (FS, RW), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Parvin Forghani
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lawrence C Armand
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Antonio Rampoldi
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dong Li
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, (FS, RW), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chunhui Xu
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, (CX), Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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14
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Hall CL, Gurha P, Sabater-Molina M, Asimaki A, Futema M, Lovering RC, Suárez MP, Aguilera B, Molina P, Zorio E, Coarfa C, Robertson MJ, Cheedipudi SM, Ng KE, Delaney P, Hernández JP, Pastor F, Gimeno JR, McKenna WJ, Marian AJ, Syrris P. RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of cardiac tissue implicates novel putative disease mechanisms in FLNC-associated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2019; 302:124-130. [PMID: 31843279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) encompasses a group of inherited cardiomyopathies including arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) whose molecular disease mechanism is associated with dysregulation of the canonical WNT signalling pathway. Recent evidence indicates that ARVC and ACM caused by pathogenic variants in the FLNC gene encoding filamin C, a major cardiac structural protein, may have different molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. We sought to identify dysregulated biological pathways in FLNC-associated ACM. RNA was extracted from seven paraffin-embedded left ventricular tissue samples from deceased ACM patients carrying FLNC variants and sequenced. Transcript levels of 623 genes were upregulated and 486 genes were reduced in ACM in comparison to control samples. The cell adhesion pathway and ILK signalling were among the prominent dysregulated pathways in ACM. Consistent with these findings, transcript levels of cell adhesion genes JAM2, NEO1, VCAM1 and PTPRC were upregulated in ACM samples. Moreover, several actin-associated genes, including FLNC, VCL, PARVB and MYL7, were suppressed, suggesting dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Analysis of the transcriptome for dysregulated biological pathways predicted activation of inflammation and apoptosis and suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and MTORC1 signalling in ACM. Our data suggests dysregulated cell adhesion and ILK signalling as novel putative pathogenic mechanisms of ACM caused by FLNC variants which are distinct from the postulated disease mechanism of classic ARVC caused by desmosomal gene mutations. This knowledge could help in the design of future gene therapy strategies which would target specific components of these pathways and potentially lead to novel treatments for ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Hall
- Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Priyatansh Gurha
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, USA
| | - Maria Sabater-Molina
- Laboratorio de Cardiogenética, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angeliki Asimaki
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Marta Futema
- Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- Functional Gene Annotation Group, Pre-clinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mari Paz Suárez
- Instituto Nacional de Toxicologia y Ciencias Forenses de Madrid (INTCF), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Aguilera
- Instituto Nacional de Toxicologia y Ciencias Forenses de Madrid (INTCF), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Molina
- Department of Pathology at the Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Valencia (IMLCF-Valencia), Histology Unit at the Universitat de València, and Research Group on Inherited Heart Diseases, Sudden Death and Mechanisms of Disease (CaFaMuSMe) from the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Zorio
- Cardiology Department at Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe and Research Group on Inherited Heart Diseases, Sudden Death and Mechanisms of Disease (CaFaMuSMe) from the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sirisha M Cheedipudi
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, USA
| | - Keat-Eng Ng
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Delaney
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Francisco Pastor
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan R Gimeno
- Servicio de Cardiologia del Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca and Departamento de Medicina Interna de la Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - William J McKenna
- Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ali J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, USA
| | - Petros Syrris
- Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
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15
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Sequence variants with large effects on cardiac electrophysiology and disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4803. [PMID: 31641117 PMCID: PMC6805929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Features of the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram, reflecting ventricular depolarisation, associate with various physiologic functions and several pathologic conditions. We test 32.5 million variants for association with ten measures of the QRS complex in 12 leads, using 405,732 electrocardiograms from 81,192 Icelanders. We identify 190 associations at 130 loci, the majority of which have not been reported before, including associations with 21 rare or low-frequency coding variants. Assessment of genes expressed in the heart yields an additional 13 rare QRS coding variants at 12 loci. We find 51 unreported associations between the QRS variants and echocardiographic traits and cardiovascular diseases, including atrial fibrillation, complete AV block, heart failure and supraventricular tachycardia. We demonstrate the advantage of in-depth analysis of the QRS complex in conjunction with other cardiovascular phenotypes to enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of myocardial mass, cardiac conduction and disease. Aberrant morphology of the QRS complex in an electrocardiogram can be associated with cardiac morbidity and mortality. Here, the authors perform genome-wide association studies for ten measures of the QRS complex in 81,192 individuals and find 86 previously unreported loci that associate with at least one parameter.
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16
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Brodehl A, Rezazadeh S, Williams T, Munsie NM, Liedtke D, Oh T, Ferrier R, Shen Y, Jones SJM, Stiegler AL, Boggon TJ, Duff HJ, Friedman JM, Gibson WT, Childs SJ, Gerull B. Mutations in ILK, encoding integrin-linked kinase, are associated with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Transl Res 2019; 208:15-29. [PMID: 30802431 PMCID: PMC7412573 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a genetic heart muscle disorder characterized by fibro-fatty replacement of cardiomyocytes leading to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Mutations in genes encoding cardiac junctional proteins are known to cause about half of cases, while remaining genetic causes are unknown. Using exome sequencing, we identified 2 missense variants (p.H33N and p.H77Y) that were predicted to be damaging in the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) gene in 2 unrelated families. The p.H33N variant was found to be de novo. ILK links integrins and the actin cytoskeleton, and is essential for the maintenance of normal cardiac function. Both of the new variants are located in the ILK ankyrin repeat domain, which binds to the first LIM domain of the adaptor proteins PINCH1 and PINCH2. In silico binding studies proposed that the human variants disrupt the ILK-PINCH complex. Recombinant mutant ILK expressed in H9c2 rat myoblast cells shows aberrant prominent cytoplasmic localization compared to the wild-type. Expression of human wild-type and mutant ILK under the control of the cardiac-specific cmlc2 promotor in zebrafish shows that p.H77Y and p.P70L, a variant previously reported in a dilated cardiomyopathy family, cause cardiac dysfunction and death by about 2-3 weeks of age. Our findings provide genetic and functional evidence that ILK is a cardiomyopathy disease gene and highlight its relevance for diagnosis and genetic counseling of inherited cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saman Rezazadeh
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tatjana Williams
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole M Munsie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Liedtke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tracey Oh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raechel Ferrier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy L Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Henry J Duff
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan M Friedman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sarah J Childs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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17
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Santoro R, Perrucci GL, Gowran A, Pompilio G. Unchain My Heart: Integrins at the Basis of iPSC Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8203950. [PMID: 30906328 PMCID: PMC6393933 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment mediated by integrin adhesion is of fundamental importance, in both developmental and pathological processes. In particular, mechanotransduction is of growing importance in groundbreaking cellular models such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), since this process may strongly influence cell fate and, thus, augment the precision of differentiation into specific cell types, e.g., cardiomyocytes. The decryption of the cellular machinery starting from ECM sensing to iPSC differentiation calls for new in vitro methods. Conveniently, engineered biomaterials activating controlled integrin-mediated responses through chemical, physical, and geometrical designs are key to resolving this issue and could foster clinical translation of optimized iPSC-based technology. This review introduces the main integrin-dependent mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in mechanotransduction. Special consideration is given to the integrin-iPSC linkage signalling chain in the cardiovascular field, focusing on biomaterial-based in vitro models to evaluate the relevance of this process in iPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, Italy
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18
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Liu B, Song X, Yan Z, Yang H, Shi Y, Wu J. MicroRNA-525 enhances chondrosarcoma malignancy by targeting F-spondin 1. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:781-788. [PMID: 30655830 PMCID: PMC6313007 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) are extensively involved in the progression of chondrosarcoma (CHS). However, few studies have investigated the functional role of miR-525 in CHS tissues and cells. In the present study, it was discovered that miR-525 levels were decreased in CHS tissues and cells. Dual luciferase assays indicated that F-spondin 1 (SPON1) is a target gene of microRNA (miR)-525. In addition, miR-525 overexpression suppressed SW1353 cell migration and invasion and enhanced SW1353 cell apoptosis. Increased SPON1 expression levels were identified in CHS tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, miR-525 overexpression significantly suppressed the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling in CHS cells; this suppression led to SPON1 silencing. In comparison, the SPON1 knockdown-mediated inactivation of FAK/Src/PI3K/Akt signaling was inhibited by inhibiting miR-525. In summary, the present study revealed that decreased miR-525 levels could enhance CHS malignancy as decreased miR-525 binding to the 3' untranslated region of SPON1 activates FAK/Src/PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Orthopedics Department Two, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Xiandong Song
- Orthopedics Department Two, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Zhaowei Yan
- Orthopedics Department Two, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Shi
- Department of Digestive Disease, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Orthopedics Department Two, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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19
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Semantic Multi-Classifier Systems Identify Predictive Processes in Heart Failure Models across Species. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040158. [PMID: 30486323 PMCID: PMC6315933 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic model organisms have the potential of removing blind spots from the underlying gene regulatory networks of human diseases. Allowing analyses under experimental conditions they complement the insights gained from observational data. An inevitable requirement for a successful trans-species transfer is an abstract but precise high-level characterization of experimental findings. In this work, we provide a large-scale analysis of seven weak contractility/heart failure genotypes of the model organism zebrafish which all share a weak contractility phenotype. In supervised classification experiments, we screen for discriminative patterns that distinguish between observable phenotypes (homozygous mutant individuals) as well as wild-type (homozygous wild-types) and carriers (heterozygous individuals). As the method of choice we use semantic multi-classifier systems, a knowledge-based approach which constructs hypotheses from a predefined vocabulary of high-level terms (e.g., Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways or Gene Ontology (GO) terms). Evaluating these models leads to a compact description of the underlying processes and guides the screening for new molecular markers of heart failure. Furthermore, we were able to independently corroborate the identified processes in Wistar rats.
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20
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Kustermann M, Manta L, Paone C, Kustermann J, Lausser L, Wiesner C, Eichinger L, Clemen CS, Schröder R, Kestler HA, Sandri M, Rottbauer W, Just S. Loss of the novel Vcp (valosin containing protein) interactor Washc4 interferes with autophagy-mediated proteostasis in striated muscle and leads to myopathy in vivo. Autophagy 2018; 14:1911-1927. [PMID: 30010465 PMCID: PMC6152520 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1491491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
VCP/p97 (valosin containing protein) is a key regulator of cellular proteostasis. It orchestrates protein turnover and quality control in vivo, processes fundamental for proper cell function. In humans, mutations in VCP lead to severe myo- and neuro-degenerative disorders such as inclusion body myopathy with Paget disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We analyzed here the in vivo role of Vcp and its novel interactor Washc4/Swip (WASH complex subunit 4) in the vertebrate model zebrafish (Danio rerio). We found that targeted inactivation of either Vcp or Washc4, led to progressive impairment of cardiac and skeletal muscle function, structure and cytoarchitecture without interfering with the differentiation of both organ systems. Notably, loss of Vcp resulted in compromised protein degradation via the proteasome and the macroautophagy/autophagy machinery, whereas Washc4 deficiency did not affect the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) but caused ER stress and interfered with autophagy function in vivo. In summary, our findings provide novel insights into the in vivo functions of Vcp and its novel interactor Washc4 and their particular and distinct roles during proteostasis in striated muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kustermann
- a Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Linda Manta
- a Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Christoph Paone
- a Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Jochen Kustermann
- b Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Biology , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Ludwig Lausser
- c Institute of Medical Systems Biology , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Cora Wiesner
- a Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- d Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- d Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,e Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research , University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- f Institute of Neuropathology , University Hospital Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- c Institute of Medical Systems Biology , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Marco Sandri
- g Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- h Department of Internal Medicine II , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- a Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
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21
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Paone C, Diofano F, Park DD, Rottbauer W, Just S. Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease: Fishing for Causality. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:60. [PMID: 29911105 PMCID: PMC5992778 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death in all western world countries and genetic predisposition in combination with traditional risk factors frequently mediates their manifestation. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies revealed numerous potentially disease modifying genetic loci often including several SNPs and associated genes. However, pure genetic association does not prove direct or indirect relevance of the modifier region on pathogenesis, nor does it define within the associated region the exact genetic driver of the disease. Therefore, the relevance of the identified genetic disease associations needs to be confirmed either in monogenic traits or in experimental in vivo model system by functional genomic studies. In this review, we focus on the use of functional genomic approaches such as gene knock-down or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in the zebrafish model to validate disease-associated genomic loci and to identify novel cardiovascular disease genes. We summarize the benefits of the zebrafish for cardiovascular research and highlight examples demonstrating the successful combination of GWA studies and functional genomics in zebrafish to broaden our knowledge on the genetic and molecular underpinnings of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Paone
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Federica Diofano
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Deung-Dae Park
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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22
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Pott A, Bock S, Berger IM, Frese K, Dahme T, Keßler M, Rinné S, Decher N, Just S, Rottbauer W. Mutation of the Na +/K +-ATPase Atp1a1a.1 causes QT interval prolongation and bradycardia in zebrafish. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 120:42-52. [PMID: 29750993 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The genetic underpinnings that orchestrate the vertebrate heart rate are not fully understood yet, but of high clinical importance, since diseases of cardiac impulse formation and propagation are common and severe human arrhythmias. To identify novel regulators of the vertebrate heart rate, we deciphered the pathogenesis of the bradycardia in the homozygous zebrafish mutant hiphop (hip) and identified a missense-mutation (N851K) in Na+/K+-ATPase α1-subunit (atp1a1a.1). N851K affects zebrafish Na+/K+-ATPase ion transport capacity, as revealed by in vitro pump current measurements. Inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase in vivo indicates that hip rather acts as a hypomorph than being a null allele. Consequently, reduced Na+/K+-ATPase function leads to prolonged QT interval and refractoriness in the hip mutant heart, as shown by electrocardiogram and in vivo electrical stimulation experiments. We here demonstrate for the first time that Na+/K+-ATPase plays an essential role in heart rate regulation by prolonging myocardial repolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pott
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Bock
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ina M Berger
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karen Frese
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tillman Dahme
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirjam Keßler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, AG Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, AG Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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23
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Abstract
Paxillin is a group III LIM domain protein that is best characterized as a cytoplasmic scaffold/adaptor protein that functions primarily as a mediator of focal adhesion. However, emerging studies indicate that paxillin's functions are far broader. Not only does paxillin appear to regulate cytoplasmic kinase signaling, but it also cycles between the cytoplasm and nucleus, and may serve as an important regulator of mRNA trafficking and subsequent translation. Herein, we provide some insights suggesting that paxillin, like its relative Hic-5, has nuclear binding partners and mediates critical processes within the nucleus, at least in part functioning as coregulator of nuclear receptors and nuclear kinases to mediate genomic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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24
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Mohanty P, Bhatnagar S. Structure of focal adhesion kinase in healthy heart versus pathological cardiac hypertrophy: A modeling and simulation study. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 80:15-24. [PMID: 29306139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is required for signaling in the heart. S910 phosphorylated FAK is known to cause pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The switching of FAK between its inactive (-i), activated (-a) and hyperactive (-h) state is controlled by phosphorylation. FAK consists of three domains, namely: FERM, Kinase, and FAT joined by linkers L1 and L2. The structural basis of FAK phosphorylation and signaling to the downstream pathways is not understood. In this work, we carried out homology modeling and domain assembly of full length human iFAK and aFAK. 100 ns classical molecular dynamic simulations were performed using AMBER14 and effect of S910 phosphorylation on FAK was investigated. The iFAK model superposed on a small angel X-ray scattering (SAXS) derived model with RMSD of 1.18 Å for 590 Cα atoms. aFAK showed S910 phosphorylation site in L2 shielded by FERM. S910 phosphorylation in hFAK led to its exposure accompanied by a large conformational change and exposing the previously buried Grb2 interaction site responsible for causing cardiac hypertrophy. The models of FAK are in agreement with diverse experimental data and observed differences in biological action. Understanding the structure activity relationships of FAK in response to phosphorylation is important for its future therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mohanty
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, India.
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25
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Reventun P, Alique M, Cuadrado I, Márquez S, Toro R, Zaragoza C, Saura M. iNOS-Derived Nitric Oxide Induces Integrin-Linked Kinase Endocytic Lysosome-Mediated Degradation in the Vascular Endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1272-1281. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
ILK (integrin-linked kinase) plays a key role in controlling vasomotor tone and is decreased in atherosclerosis. The objective of this study is to test whether nitric oxide (NO) regulates ILK in vascular remodeling.
Approach and Results—
We found a striking correlation between increased levels of inducible nitric oxide and decreased ILK levels in human atherosclerosis and in a mouse model of vascular remodeling (carotid artery ligation) comparing with iNOS (inducible NO synthase) knockout mice. iNOS induction produced the same result in mouse aortic endothelial cells, and these effects were mimicked by an NO donor in a time-dependent manner. We found that NO decreased ILK protein stability by promoting the dissociation of the complex ILK/Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90)/eNOS (endothelial NO synthase), leading to eNOS uncoupling. NO also destabilized ILK signaling platform and lead to decreased levels of paxillin and α-parvin. ILK phosphorylation of its downstream target GSK3-β (glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta) was decreased by NO. Mechanistically, NO increased ILK ubiquitination mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP (C terminus of HSC70-interacting protein), but ILK ubiquitination was not followed by proteasome degradation. Alternatively, NO drove ILK to degradation through the endocytic-lysosomal pathway. ILK colocalized with the lysosome marker LAMP-1 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1) in endothelial cells, and inhibition of lysosome activity with chloroquine reversed the effect of NO. Likewise, ILK colocalized with the early endosome marker EEA1 (early endosome antigen 1). ILK endocytosis proceeded via dynamin because a specific inhibitor of dynamin (Dyngo 4a) was able to reverse ILK endocytosis and its lysosome degradation.
Conclusions—
Endocytosis regulates ILK signaling in vascular remodeling where there is an overload of inducible NO, and thus its inhibition may represent a novel target to fight atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Reventun
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Matilde Alique
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Irene Cuadrado
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Susana Márquez
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Rocío Toro
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Carlos Zaragoza
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Marta Saura
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
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26
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Jacob AE, Amack JD, Turner CE. Paxillin genes and actomyosin contractility regulate myotome morphogenesis in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2017; 425:70-84. [PMID: 28315297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Paxillin (Pxn) is a key adapter protein and signaling regulator at sites of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Here, we investigated the role of Pxn during vertebrate development using the zebrafish embryo as a model system. We have characterized two Pxn genes, pxna and pxnb, in zebrafish that are maternally supplied and expressed in multiple tissues. Gene editing and antisense gene knockdown approaches were used to uncover Pxn functions during zebrafish development. While mutation of either pxna or pxnb alone did not cause gross embryonic phenotypes, double mutants lacking maternally supplied pxna or pxnb displayed defects in cardiovascular, axial, and skeletal muscle development. Transient knockdown of Pxn proteins resulted in similar defects. Irregular myotome shape and ECM composition were observed, suggesting an "inside-out" signaling role for Paxillin genes in the development of myotendinous junctions. Inhibiting non-muscle Myosin-II during somitogenesis altered the subcellular localization of Pxn protein and phenocopied pxn gene loss-of-function. This indicates that Paxillin genes are effectors of actomyosin contractility-driven morphogenesis of trunk musculature in zebrafish. Together, these results reveal new functions for Pxn during muscle development and provide novel genetic models to elucidate Pxn functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Jacob
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States.
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States.
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27
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Just S, Raphel L, Berger IM, Bühler A, Keßler M, Rottbauer W. Tbx20 Is an Essential Regulator of Embryonic Heart Growth in Zebrafish. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167306. [PMID: 27907103 PMCID: PMC5132222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation during embryonic heart growth are not completely deciphered yet. In a forward genetic N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen, we identified the recessive embryonic-lethal zebrafish mutant line weiches herz (whz). Homozygous mutant whz embryos display impaired heart growth due to diminished embryonic cardiomyocyte proliferation resulting in cardiac hypoplasia and weak cardiac contraction. By positional cloning, we found in whz mutant zebrafish a missense mutation within the T-box 20 (Tbx20) transcription factor gene leading to destabilization of Tbx20 protein. Morpholino-mediated knock-down of Tbx20 in wild-type zebrafish embryos phenocopies whz, indicating that the whz phenotype is due to loss of Tbx20 function, thereby leading to significantly reduced cardiomyocyte numbers by impaired proliferation of heart muscle cells. Ectopic overexpression of wild-type Tbx20 in whz mutant embryos restored cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart growth. Interestingly, ectopic overexpression of Tbx20 in wild-type zebrafish embryos resulted, similar to the situation in the embryonic mouse heart, in significantly reduced proliferation rates of ventricular cardiomyocytes, suggesting that Tbx20 activity needs to be tightly fine-tuned to guarantee regular cardiomyocyte proliferation and embryonic heart growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (SJ); (WR)
| | - Linda Raphel
- Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ina M. Berger
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Bühler
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirjam Keßler
- Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (SJ); (WR)
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28
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The mediator complex subunit Med10 regulates heart valve formation in zebrafish by controlling Tbx2b-mediated Has2 expression and cardiac jelly formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:581-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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