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Zuo Q, Park NH, Lee JK, Santaliz-Casiano A, Madak-Erdogan Z. Navigating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Exploring the roles of estrogens, pharmacological and medical interventions, and life style. Steroids 2024; 203:109330. [PMID: 37923152 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of studying this subject is driven by the urgency to address the increasing global prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and its profound health implications. NAFLD represents a significant public health concern due to its association with metabolic disorders, cardiovascular complications, and the potential progression to more severe conditions like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Liver estrogen signaling is important for maintaining liver function, and loss of estrogens increases the likelihood of NAFLD in postmenopausal women. Understanding the multifaceted mechanisms underlying NAFLD pathogenesis, its varied treatment strategies, and their effectiveness is crucial for devising comprehensive and targeted interventions. By unraveling the intricate interplay between genetics, lifestyle, hormonal regulation, and gut microbiota, we can unlock insights into risk stratification, early detection, and personalized therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, investigating the emerging pharmaceutical interventions and dietary modifications offers the potential to revolutionize disease management. This review reinforces the role of collaboration in refining NAFLD comprehension, unveiling novel therapeutic pathways, and ultimately improving patient outcomes for this intricate hepatic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Nicole Hwajin Park
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Jenna Kathryn Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ashlie Santaliz-Casiano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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2
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Nasri A, Pohjanvirta R. Comparison of in vitro Toxicities of 8-Prenylnaringenin, Tartrazine and 17β-Estradiol, Representatives of Natural and Synthetic Estrogens, in Rat and Human Hepatoma Cell Lines. Endocr Res 2024; 49:106-116. [PMID: 38597376 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2024.2337758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens have been praised for their beneficial health effects, whereas synthetic xenoestrogens have been connected to ailments. AIMS To ascertain whether the toxicities of natural and synthetic estrogens differ, we examined the potent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), the common synthetic xenoestrogen tartrazine, and the physiological estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2). METHODS These three compounds were tested for cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and genotoxicity in human HepG2 and rat H4IIE hepatoma cells. RESULTS All three estrogens elicited cytotoxicity at high concentrations in both cell lines. They also inhibited cell proliferation, with E2 being the most effective. They all tended to increase micronuclei formation. CONCLUSION Natural estrogens were no less toxic than a synthetic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Nasri
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Nuermaimaiti A, Chang L, Yan Y, Sun H, Xiao Y, Song S, Feng K, Lu Z, Ji H, Wang L. The role of sex hormones and receptors in HBV infection and development of HBV-related HCC. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29298. [PMID: 38087447 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Gender disparity in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases has been extensively documented. Epidemiological studies consistently reported that males have a higher prevalence of HBV infection and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Further investigations have revealed that sex hormone-related signal transductions play a significant role in gender disparity. Sex hormone axes showed significantly different responses to virus entry and replication. The sex hormones axes change the HBV-specific immune responses and antitumor immunity. Additionally, Sex hormone axes showed different effects on the development of HBV-related disease. But the role of sex hormones remains controversial, and researchers have not reached a consensus on the role of sex hormones and the use of hormone therapies in HCC treatment. In this review, we aim to summarize the experimental findings on sex hormones and provide a comprehensive understanding of their roles in the development of HCC and their implications for hormone-related HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudulimutailipu Nuermaimaiti
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingzi Xiao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Song
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihao Feng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoqun Lu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Ji
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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4
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Dai Z, Wang S, Guo X, Wang Y, Yin H, Tan J, Mu C, Sun S, Liu H, Yang F. Gender dimorphism in hepatocarcinogenesis-DNA methylation modification regulated X-chromosome inactivation escape molecule XIST. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1518. [PMID: 38148658 PMCID: PMC10751514 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex disparities constitute a significant issue in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of gender dimorphism in HCC is still not completely understood. METHODS 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)-Seal technology was utilised to detect the global 5hmC levels from four female and four male HCC samples. Methylation of XIST was detected by Sequenom MassARRAY methylation profiling between HCC tissues (T) and adjacent normal liver tissues (L). The role of Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) was investigated using diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-administered Tet2-/- female mice, which regulated XIST in hepatocarcinogenesis. All statistical analyses were carried out by GraphPad Prism 9.0 and SPSS version 19.0 software. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the numbers of 5hmC reads in the first exon of XIST from female HCC tissues (T) were remarkably lower than that in female adjacent normal liver tissues (L). Correspondingly, DNA methylation level of XIST first exon region was significantly increased in female T than in L. By contrast, no significant change was observed in male HCC patients. Compared to L, the expression of XIST in T was also significantly downregulated. Female patients with higher XIST in HCC had a higher overall survival (OS) and more extended recurrence-free survival (RFS). Moreover, TET2 can interact with YY1 binding to the promoter region of XIST and maintain the hypomethylation state of XIST. In addition, DEN-administered Tet2-/- mice developed more tumours than controls in female mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided that YY1 and TET2 could interact to form protein complexes binding to the promoter region of XIST, regulating the methylation level of XIST and then affecting the expression of XIST. This research will provide a new clue for studying sex disparities in hepatocarcinogenesis. HIGHLIGHTS XIST was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and had gender disparity. Methylation levels in the XIST first exon were higher in female HCC tissues, but no significant change in male HCC patients. The TET2-YY1 complex regulate XIST expression in female hepatocytes. Other ways regulate XIST expression in male hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Dai
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Sijie Wang
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Health Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xinggang Guo
- Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haozan Yin
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chenyang Mu
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Health Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Shu‐Han Sun
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Liu
- Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fu Yang
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical BioprotectionShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
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Nevola R, Tortorella G, Rosato V, Rinaldi L, Imbriani S, Perillo P, Mastrocinque D, La Montagna M, Russo A, Di Lorenzo G, Alfano M, Rocco M, Ricozzi C, Gjeloshi K, Sasso FC, Marfella R, Marrone A, Kondili LA, Esposito N, Claar E, Cozzolino D. Gender Differences in the Pathogenesis and Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:984. [PMID: 37508414 PMCID: PMC10376683 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Several chronic liver diseases are characterized by a clear gender disparity. Among them, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows significantly higher incidence rates in men than in women. The different epidemiological distribution of risk factors for liver disease and HCC only partially accounts for these gender differences. In fact, the liver is an organ with recognized sexual dysmorphism and is extremely sensitive to the action of androgens and estrogens. Sex hormones act by modulating the risk of developing HCC and influencing its aggressiveness, response to treatments, and prognosis. Furthermore, androgens and estrogens are able to modulate the action of other factors and cofactors of liver damage (e.g., chronic HBV infection, obesity), significantly influencing their carcinogenic power. The purpose of this review is to examine the factors related to the different gender distribution in the incidence of HCC as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, with particular reference to the central role played by sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nevola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tortorella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Rosato
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Imbriani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco La Montagna
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Lorenzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rocco
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Ricozzi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Klodian Gjeloshi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Marrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Ernesto Claar
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Cozzolino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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6
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Alvarez-Ortega N, Caballero-Gallardo K, Juan C, Juan-Garcia A, Olivero-Verbel J. Cytoprotective, Antiproliferative, and Anti-Oxidant Potential of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Fridericia chica Leaves on Human Cancer Cell Lines Exposed to α- and β-Zearalenol. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:36. [PMID: 36668856 PMCID: PMC9864583 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fridericia chica (Bignoniaceae) is a Colombian Caribbean plant with numerous health benefits, including properties such as wound healing, immune system stimulation, and antioxidant capacity, among others. Mycotoxins alpha-zearalenol (α-ZEL) and beta-zearalenol (β-ZEL) are phase I metabolites of zearalenone, a natural product involved in endocrine disruption and cell proliferation processes. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic potential of the hydroethanolic extract of F. chica leaves (HEFc) and determine their protective effects against proliferation induced by α-ZEL and β-ZEL on human hepatoma HepG2, lung cancer Calu-1, and primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes, neonatal (HEKn). The cytotoxicity of HEFc was measured in a range from 4 to 1000 µg/mL and from 0.4 to 100 μM for both α-ZEL and β-ZEL. Cell production of intracellular ROS was monitored using the H2-DCFDA probe. The cells exposed to HEFc presented IC50 of 128, 249, and 602 µg/mL for the HepG2, Calu-1, and HEKn cells, respectively. A greater selectivity was seen in HepG2 cells [selectivity index (SI) = 3.5] than in Calu-1 cells (SI = 2.4). Cells treated with mycotoxins remained viable during the first day, and cell proliferation increased at low tested concentrations (0.4-6.3 µM) in all three cell lines. However, after 48 h treatment, cells exposed to 50 and 100 µM of α-ZEL and β-ZEL displayed decreased viability. HEFc at 16 µg/mL was able to give some protection against cytotoxicity induced by high concentrations of β-ZEL in HepG2, reducing also cell proliferation elicited at low levels of α-ZEL and β-ZEL. ROS production was not observed in cells treated with this HEFc concentration; however, it prevented ROS formation induced by treatment with 50 µM α-ZEL or β-ZEL. In summary, HEFc isolated from plants grown in northern Colombia displayed promising results against cell proliferation and oxidative stress caused by mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Alvarez-Ortega
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia (Spain)—Avda, Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n. Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Ana Juan-Garcia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia (Spain)—Avda, Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n. Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
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7
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Muhammad A, Forcados GE, Yusuf AP, Abubakar MB, Sadiq IZ, Elhussin I, Siddique MAT, Aminu S, Suleiman RB, Abubakar YS, Katsayal BS, Yates CC, Mahavadi S. Comparative G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Systems in Diabetic and Cancer Conditions: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248943. [PMID: 36558071 PMCID: PMC9786783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For many patients, diabetes Mellitus and Malignancy are frequently encountered comorbidities. Diabetes affects approximately 10.5% of the global population, while malignancy accounts for 29.4 million cases each year. These troubling statistics indicate that current treatment approaches for these diseases are insufficient. Alternative therapeutic strategies that consider unique signaling pathways in diabetic and malignancy patients could provide improved therapeutic outcomes. The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is receiving attention for its role in disease pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. This review aims to critically examine GPER' s comparative role in diabetes mellitus and malignancy, identify research gaps that need to be filled, and highlight GPER's potential as a therapeutic target for diabetes and malignancy management. There is a scarcity of data on GPER expression patterns in diabetic models; however, for diabetes mellitus, altered expression of transport and signaling proteins has been linked to GPER signaling. In contrast, GPER expression in various malignancy types appears to be complex and debatable at the moment. Current data show inconclusive patterns of GPER expression in various malignancies, with some indicating upregulation and others demonstrating downregulation. Further research should be conducted to investigate GPER expression patterns and their relationship with signaling pathways in diabetes mellitus and various malignancies. We conclude that GPER has therapeutic potential for chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Muhammad
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | | | - Abdurrahman Pharmacy Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna P.M.B. 65, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2254, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research & Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2254, Nigeria
| | - Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Isra Elhussin
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Md Abu Talha Siddique
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Rabiatu Bako Suleiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Babangida Sanusi Katsayal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Clayton C Yates
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Sunila Mahavadi
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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8
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Modulation of SOCS3 Levels via STAT3 and Estrogen-ERαp66 Signaling during Hepatitis E Virus Replication in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. J Virol 2022; 96:e0100822. [PMID: 36102649 PMCID: PMC9555149 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01008-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection usually results in a self-limiting acute disease; however, in infected pregnant women, it is associated with increased mortality and fulminant hepatic failure. Estrogen is known to be elevated during pregnancy, and estrogen signaling via classical estrogen receptor-ERα is known to regulate hepatocyte function and host innate immune response, including the STAT3 pathway. In this study, we investigated whether the estrogen classical signaling pathway via ERαp66 has any effect on STAT3 activation during HEV replication and HEV-induced IFN response. We first demonstrated that Huh7-S10-3 liver cells expressed the nonfunctional estrogen receptor ERαp36 isoform and lack the functional ERαp66 isoform. We further showed persistent phosphorylated-STAT3 levels in genotype 3 human HEV (Kernow P6 strain) RNA-transfected cells at later time points. In Huh7-S10-3 cells, estrogen at first-to-third trimester concentration (7.3 to 73 nM) did not significantly affect HEV replication; however, blocking of STAT3 activation led to a decrease in the HEV ORF2 protein level. Our mechanistic study revealed that STAT3 differentially regulates SOCS3 and type-III interferon (IFN) levels during HEV replication and the presence of estrogen-ERαp66 signaling stabilizes SOCS3 levels in vitro. We also demonstrate that HEV infection in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits led to a significant increase in IFN response as measured by increased levels of IFN-stimulated-gene-15 (ISG15) mRNA levels irrespective of pregnancy status. Collectively, the results indicate that estrogen signaling and STAT3 regulate SOCS3 and IFN responses in vitro during HEV replication. The results have important implications for understanding HEV replication and HEV-induced innate immune response in pregnant women. IMPORTANCE Hepatitis E is usually a self-resolving acute disease; however, in pregnant women, HEV infection is associated with high mortality and fulminant hepatic failure. During pregnancy, estrogen levels are elevated, and in the liver, the estrogen receptor ERα is predominant and estrogen signaling is known to regulate hepatocyte metabolism and leptin-induced STAT3 levels. Viruses can module host innate immune response via STAT3. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether STAT3 and estrogen-classical signaling via the ERαp66 pathway modulate HEV replication and HEV-induced innate immune response. We demonstrated that estrogen signaling did not affect HEV replication in human liver cells, but blocking of STAT3 activation reduced HEV capsid protein levels in human liver cells. We also showed that inhibition of STAT3 activation reduced SOCS3 levels, while the presence of the estrogen-ERαp66 signaling pathway stabilized SOCS3 levels. The results from this study will aid our understanding of the mechanism of HEV pathogenesis and immune response during pregnancy.
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9
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Meng X, Liu X. Therapeutic Value of Estrogen Receptor α in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Molecular Mechanisms. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:140-146. [PMID: 35233383 PMCID: PMC8845150 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is significantly lower in women than men, implying that estrogen receptors (ERs) may play an important role in this sex dimorphism. Recently, considerable progress has been made in expanding our understanding of the mechanisms of ERs in HCC. As one of the most important ERs, ERα functions as a tumor suppressor in the progression of HCC through various pathways, such as STAT3 signaling pathways, lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways, and non-coding RNAs. However, the function of ERα was reduced with the changes of some molecules in the liver, which may develop further into HCC and make it difficult to achieve an effective hormone treatment effect. Intriguingly, there are signs that individualized hormone therapy according to the activity of ERα will overcome this challenge. Based on these observations, it is particularly imperative to reassess and extend the function of ERα. In this review, we mainly elucidated molecular mechanisms associated with ERα in HCC and investigated the individualized hormone therapy based on these mechanisms, with the aim of providing new insights for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhe Meng
- Second Clinical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Correspondence to: Xue Liu, Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Road, Jining, Shandong 272067, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-8392. Tel: +86-15053798589, E-mail:
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10
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Mahadik N, Bhattacharya D, Padmanabhan A, Sakhare K, Narayan KP, Banerjee R. Targeting steroid hormone receptors for anti-cancer therapy-A review on small molecules and nanotherapeutic approaches. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1755. [PMID: 34541822 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) among nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) are steroid ligand-dependent transcription factors that play important roles in the regulation of transcription of genes promoted via hormone responsive elements in our genome. Aberrant expression patterns and context-specific regulation of these receptors in cancer, have been routinely reported by multiple research groups. These gave an window of opportunity to target those receptors in the context of developing novel, targeted anticancer therapeutics. Besides the development of a plethora of SHR-targeting synthetic ligands and the availability of their natural, hormonal ligands, development of many SHR-targeted, anticancer nano-delivery systems and theranostics, especially based on small molecules, have been reported. It is intriguing to realize that these cytoplasmic receptors have become a hot target for cancer selective delivery. This is in spite of the fact that these receptors do not fall in the category of conventional, targetable cell surface bound or transmembrane receptors that enjoy over-expression status. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is one such exciting SHR that in spite of it being expressed ubiquitously in all cells, we discovered it to behave differently in cancer cells, thus making it a truly druggable target for treating cancer. This review selectively accumulates the knowledge generated in the field of SHR-targeting as a major focus for cancer treatment with various anticancer small molecules and nanotherapeutics on progesterone receptor, mineralocorticoid receptor, and androgen receptor while selectively emphasizing on GR and estrogen receptor. This review also briefly highlights lipid-modification strategy to convert ligands into SHR-targeted cancer nanotherapeutics. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Mahadik
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akshaya Padmanabhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kalyani Sakhare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kumar Pranav Narayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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11
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Qiu YA, Xiong J, Yu T. Role of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Digestive System Carcinomas: A Minireview. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2611-2622. [PMID: 33888991 PMCID: PMC8055353 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s291896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system carcinomas are one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a novel estrogen receptor, has been recognized as an important mediator in numerous cancer types. Recently, the function and clinical significance of GPER in digestive system carcinomas has been a subject of interest. Increasing evidence has revealed that GPER plays an important role as a potential biomarker in digestive system carcinomas. This work summarizes the recent literature and focuses on the emerging functional role of GPER in digestive system carcinomas, including gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. The potential application of GPER in novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system carcinomas is discussed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, People's Republic of China
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12
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Christakoudi S, Pagoni P, Ferrari P, Cross AJ, Tzoulaki I, Muller DC, Weiderpass E, Freisling H, Murphy N, Dossus L, Turzanski Fortner R, Agudo A, Overvad K, Perez-Cornago A, Key TJ, Brennan P, Johansson M, Tjønneland A, Halkjaer J, Boutron-Ruault MC, Artaud F, Severi G, Kaaks R, Schulze MB, Bergmann MM, Masala G, Grioni S, Simeon V, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Skeie G, Rylander C, Borch KB, Quirós JR, Rodriguez-Barranco M, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Amiano P, Drake I, Stocks T, Häggström C, Harlid S, Ellingjord-Dale M, Riboli E, Tsilidis KK. Weight change in middle adulthood and risk of cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:1637-1651. [PMID: 33038275 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for several major cancers. Associations of weight change in middle adulthood with cancer risk, however, are less clear. We examined the association of change in weight and body mass index (BMI) category during middle adulthood with 42 cancers, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Of 241 323 participants (31% men), 20% lost and 32% gained weight (>0.4 to 5.0 kg/year) during 6.9 years (average). During 8.0 years of follow-up after the second weight assessment, 20 960 incident cancers were ascertained. Independent of baseline BMI, weight gain (per one kg/year increment) was positively associated with cancer of the corpus uteri (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.23). Compared to stable weight (±0.4 kg/year), weight gain (>0.4 to 5.0 kg/year) was positively associated with cancers of the gallbladder and bile ducts (HR = 1.41; 1.01-1.96), postmenopausal breast (HR = 1.08; 1.00-1.16) and thyroid (HR = 1.40; 1.04-1.90). Compared to maintaining normal weight, maintaining overweight or obese BMI (World Health Organisation categories) was positively associated with most obesity-related cancers. Compared to maintaining the baseline BMI category, weight gain to a higher BMI category was positively associated with cancers of the postmenopausal breast (HR = 1.19; 1.06-1.33), ovary (HR = 1.40; 1.04-1.91), corpus uteri (HR = 1.42; 1.06-1.91), kidney (HR = 1.80; 1.20-2.68) and pancreas in men (HR = 1.81; 1.11-2.95). Losing weight to a lower BMI category, however, was inversely associated with cancers of the corpus uteri (HR = 0.40; 0.23-0.69) and colon (HR = 0.69; 0.52-0.92). Our findings support avoiding weight gain and encouraging weight loss in middle adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Panagiota Pagoni
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - David C Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer. Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jytte Halkjaer
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe "Exposome, Hérédité, Cancer et Santé", CESP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Fanny Artaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe "Exposome, Hérédité, Cancer et Santé", CESP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe "Exposome, Hérédité, Cancer et Santé", CESP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, and Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Dep. of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University "L.Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP) Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic university of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic university of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Researach Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tanja Stocks
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christel Häggström
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Merete Ellingjord-Dale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
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13
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Qiu YA, Xiong J, Fu Q, Dong Y, Liu M, Peng M, Jin W, Zhou L, Xu X, Huang X, Fu A, Xu G, Tu G, Yu T. GPER-Induced ERK Signaling Decreases Cell Viability of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638171. [PMID: 33767999 PMCID: PMC7985169 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Effective biomarkers and specific therapeutic targets for HCC are therefore urgently needed. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays a crucial role in numerous cancer types; however, its functions in HCC require further exploration. In the present study, we found a remarkable difference in GPER staining between tumor tissue (100/141, 70.9%) and matched non-tumor tissue (27/30, 90.0%). Compared with the GPER-negative patients, the GPER-positive patients with HCC were closely associated with female sex, negative hepatitis B surface antigen, small tumor size, low serum alpha fetoprotein level, and longer overall survival. Treatment with GPER-specific agonist G1 led to the sustained and transient activation of the EGFR/ERK and EGFR/AKT signaling pathways, respectively, in the HCC cell lines HCCLM3 and SMMC-7721, which express high levels of GPER. Interestingly, G1-induced EGFR/ERK signaling, rather than EGFR/AKT signaling mediated by GPER, was involved in decreasing cell viability by blocking cell cycle progression, thereby promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth. Clinical analysis indicated that simultaneous high expression of GPER and phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK) predicted improved prognosis for HCC. Finally, the activation of GPER/ERK signaling remarkably suppressed tumor growth in an HCC xenograft model, and this result was consistent with the in vitro data. Our findings suggest that specific activation of the GPER/ERK axis may serve as a novel tumor-suppressive mechanism and that this axis could be a therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meixi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjian Jin
- Department of Elderly Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Lixia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianming Huang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Airong Fu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Gang Tu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
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14
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Shen M, Xu M, Zhong F, Crist MC, Prior AB, Yang K, Allaire DM, Choueiry F, Zhu J, Shi H. A Multi-Omics Study Revealing the Metabolic Effects of Estrogen in Liver Cancer Cells HepG2. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020455. [PMID: 33672651 PMCID: PMC7924215 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is triggered by metabolic defects is one of the most malignant liver cancers. A much higher incidence of HCC among men than women suggests the protective roles of estrogen in HCC development and progression. To begin to understand the mechanisms involving estrogenic metabolic effects, we compared cell number, viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis among HCC-derived HepG2 cells that were treated with different concentrations of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) that blocks glucose metabolism, oxamate that inhibits lactate dehydrogenase and glycolysis, or oligomycin that blocks ATP synthesis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We confirmed that HepG2 cells primarily utilized glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, instead of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, for cell growth. We hypothesized that estrogen altered energy metabolism via its receptors to carry out its anticancer effects in HepG2 cells. We treated cells with 17β-estradiol (E2), 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole (PPT) an estrogen receptor (ER) α (ERα) agonist, or 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN), an ERβ agonist. We then used transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and identified differentially expressed genes and unique metabolite fingerprints that are produced by each treatment. We further performed integrated multi-omics analysis, and identified key genes and metabolites in the gene–metabolite interaction contributed by E2 and ER agonists. This integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic study suggested that estrogen acts on estrogen receptors to suppress liver cancer cell growth via altering metabolism. This is the first exploratory study that comprehensively investigated estrogen and its receptors, and their roles in regulating gene expression, metabolites, metabolic pathways, and gene–metabolite interaction in HCC cells using bioinformatic tools. Overall, this study provides potential therapeutic targets for future HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Shen
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (F.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Fanyi Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (F.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - McKenzie C. Crist
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Anjali B. Prior
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Kundi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (F.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Danielle M. Allaire
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (H.S.); Tel.: +1-614-685-2226 (J.Z.); +1-513-529-3162 (H.S.)
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (H.S.); Tel.: +1-614-685-2226 (J.Z.); +1-513-529-3162 (H.S.)
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15
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Guo Y, Wu G, Yi J, Yang Q, Jiang W, Lin S, Yang X, Cai X, Mao L. Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Effect and Molecular Mechanism of the Estrogen Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:763539. [PMID: 35096574 PMCID: PMC8789654 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.763539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are significant gender differences in the incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Compared with men, the incidence and mortality of HCC in women are relatively low. The estrogen signaling pathway, composed of estrogen and estrogen receptors, has been postulated to have a protective effect on the occurrence and development of HCC. There have been multiple studies that have supported anti-HCC effects of the estrogen signaling pathways, including direct and indirect pathways such as genomic pathways, rapid transduction pathways, non-coding RNA, tumor microenvironment, estrogen metabolites, and inhibition of hepatitis infection and replication. Based on the evidence of an anti-HCC effect of the estrogen signaling pathway, a number of strategies have been investigated to determine the potential therapeutic effect. These have included estrogen replacement therapy, targeting the estrogen receptor, key molecules, inflammatory mediators, and regulatory pathways of the estrogen signaling pathway. In this review, we have systematically summarized the latest developments in the complex functions and molecular mechanisms of the estrogen signaling pathway in liver cancer. Furthermore, we have highlighted the potential targets of treatment strategies based on the estrogen signaling pathway in the treatment of liver cancer and the principal obstacles currently encountered for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Guo
- Scientific Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Wu
- Scientific Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junrong Yi
- Scientific Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wengong Jiang
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Lin
- Scientific Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liufeng Mao, ; Xiangsheng Cai, ; Xiaorong Yang,
| | - Xiangsheng Cai
- Center for Medical Experiments, University of Chinese Academy of Science-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Liufeng Mao, ; Xiangsheng Cai, ; Xiaorong Yang,
| | - Liufeng Mao
- Scientific Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liufeng Mao, ; Xiangsheng Cai, ; Xiaorong Yang,
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16
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Unraveling the Role of Leptin in Liver Function and Its Relationship with Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249368. [PMID: 33316927 PMCID: PMC7764544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery twenty-five years ago, the fat-derived hormone leptin has provided a revolutionary framework for studying the physiological role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Leptin exerts pleiotropic effects on many metabolic pathways and is tightly connected with the liver, the major player in systemic metabolism. As a consequence, understanding the metabolic and hormonal interplay between the liver and adipose tissue could provide us with new therapeutic targets for some chronic liver diseases, an increasing problem worldwide. In this review, we assess relevant literature regarding the main metabolic effects of leptin on the liver, by direct regulation or through the central nervous system (CNS). We draw special attention to the contribution of leptin to the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis and its progression to more advanced stages of the disease as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Likewise, we describe the contribution of leptin to the liver regeneration process after partial hepatectomy, the mainstay of treatment for certain hepatic malignant tumors.
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17
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Muhammad JS, Bajbouj K, Shafarin J, Hamad M. Estrogen-induced epigenetic silencing of FTH1 and TFRC genes reduces liver cancer cell growth and survival. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1302-1318. [PMID: 32476555 PMCID: PMC7678938 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1770917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen (E2) regulates hundreds of genes involved in cell metabolism and disrupts iron homoeostasis in various cell types. Herein, we addressed whether E2-induced epigenetic modifications are involved in modulating the expression of iron-regulatory genes. Epigenetic status of FTH1 and TFRC genes was assessed in E2-treated cancer cells. E2-induced DNA methylation was associated with decreased FTH1 and TFRC expression in Hep-G2 and Huh7 cells, but not in AGS or MCF7 cells. Demethylation with 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine upregulated the expression of both these genes in Hep-G2 cells. The expression of DNMT3B, PRMT5, and H4R3me2s increased in E2-treated cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that E2 treatment recruited PRMT5 and H4R3me2s on FTH1 but not on TFRC. Knockdown of PRMT5, DNMT3B, and Estrogen-receptor alpha rescued FTH1 from E2-induced silencing. However, knockdown of DNMT3B alone blocked the inhibitory effects of E2 on TFRC. Analysis of human liver tissues in publicly available datasets showed that FTH1 and TFRC are highly expressed in primary liver tumours, but a lower expression is associated with better survival. Interestingly, we showed that the silencing of FTH1 and/or TFRC inhibited carcinogenesis in Hep-G2 cells. For the first time, our findings uncovered the novel signalling pathway involved in the protective effects of E2 against liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Iron Biology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Iron Biology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Iron Biology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Iron Biology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Zhang W, Liu F, Huang J, Guo X, Dong W, Wei S, Li L, Zhu X, Zhou W, Liu H. Effect of menopausal status on the survival and recurrence of sex-classified hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection: a case-matched study with propensity score matching. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25895-25915. [PMID: 33232278 PMCID: PMC7803575 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of menopausal status on the prognosis for sex-classified Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to establish prognostic nomograms for patients after liver resection. RESULTS After propensity score matching (PSM), statistically significant differences in both overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were found between men and women HCC patients. Based on Cox regression analysis, these differences were evident in the normal menstruation (N) group expanded with male patients, but not in either the expanded postmenopausal (P) or intermediate (I) groups. Sex disparity was also apparent in the recurrence-free survival (RFS) of the total HCC patients. Integrated with independent factors, nomograms for the OS and RFS of the expanded N group showed higher C-indices of 0.773 and 0.724, respectively, than those of nomograms for the total patients and BCLC stage (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Sex disparity appears to affect both the survival and recurrence of HCC only in normal menstruation women and their matched men. For predicting survival, prognostic nomograms derived from the expanded N group of HCC patients were more accurate for patients with the same clinical conditions. METHODS The patients (390 females and 1920 males), who underwent curative liver resection for HCC during 2008 to 2012, were screened. The 390 women were divided into three groups: normal menstruation, intermediate, and postmenopausal. To overcome selection bias, the three groups of females were matched with males at a ratio of 1:2, using propensity score matching. Based on further Cox regression analysis, independent factors were integrated into nomograms for OS and RFS by R rms. The accuracy and discrimination of the nomograms were evaluated by the C-index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fuchen Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jian Huang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinggang Guo
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Dong
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuxun Wei
- The First Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University and Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Sarin H. Pressure regulated basis for gene transcription by delta-cell micro-compliance modeled in silico: Biphenyl, bisphenol and small molecule ligand models of cell contraction-expansion. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236446. [PMID: 33021979 PMCID: PMC7537880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diameter, lipophilicity and hydrophilicity exclusion affinity limits exist for small molecule carrier-mediated diffusion or transport through channel pores or interaction with the cell surface glycocalyx. The molecular structure lipophilicity limit for non-specific carrier-mediated transmembrane diffusion through polarity-selective transport channels of the cell membrane is Lexternal structure ∙ Hpolar group-1 of ≥ 1.07. The cell membrane channel pore size is > 0.752 and < 0.758 nm based on a 3-D ellipsoid model (biphenyl), and within the molecular diameter size range 0.744 and 0.762 nm based on a 2-D elliptical model (alkanol). The adjusted van der Waals diameter (vdWD, adj; nm) for the subset of halogenated vapors is predictive of the required MAC for anesthetic potency at an initial (-) Δ Cmicro effect. The molecular structure L ∙ Hpolar group-1 for Neu5Ac is 0.080, and the L ∙ Hpolar group-1 interval range for the cell surface glycocalyx hydrophilicity barrier interaction is 0.101 (Saxitoxin, Stx; Linternal structure ∙ Hpolar group-1) - 0.092 (m-xylenediamine, Lexternal structure · Hpolar group). Differential predictive effective pressure mapping of gene activation or repression reveals that p-dioxin exposure results in activation of AhR-Erβ (Arnt)/Nrf-2, Pparδ, Errγ (LxRα), Dio3 (Dio2) and Trα limbs, and due to high affinity Dio2 and Dio3 (OH-TriCDD, Lext · H-1: 1.91–4.31) exothermy-antagonism (Δ contraction) with high affinity T4/rT3-TRα-mediated agonism (Δ expansion). co-planar PCB metabolite exposure (Lext · H-1: 1.95–3.91) results in activation of AhR (Erα/β)/Nrf2, Rev-Erbβ, Errα, Dio3 (Dio2) and Trα limbs with a Δ Cmicro contraction of 0.89 and Δ Cmicro expansion of 1.05 as compared to p-dioxin. co-, ortho-planar PCB metabolite exposure results in activation of Car/PxR, Pparα (Srebf1,—Lxrβ), Arnt (AhR-Erβ), AR, Dio1 (Dio2) and Trβ limbs with a Δ Cmicro contraction of 0.73 and Δ Cmicro expansion of 1.18 (as compared to p-dioxin). Bisphenol A exposure (Lext struct ∙ H-1: 1.08–1.12, BPA–BPE, Errγ; BPAF, Lext struct ∙ H-1: 1.23, CM Erα, β) results in increased duration at Peff for Timm8b (Peff 0.247) transcription and in indirect activation of the AhR/Nrf-2 hybrid pathway with decreased duration at Peff 0.200 (Nrf1) and increased duration at Peff 0.257 (Dffa). The Bpa/Bpaf convergent pathway Cmicro contraction-expansion response increase in the lower Peff interval is 0.040; in comparison, small molecule hormone Δ Cmicro contraction-expansion response increases in the lower Peff intervals for gene expression ≤ 0.168 (Dex· GR) ≥ 0.156 (Dht · AR), with grade of duration at Peff (min·count) of 1.33x105 (Dex/Cort) and 1.8–2.53x105 (Dht/R1881) as compared to the (-) coupled (+) Δ CmicroPeff to 0.136 (Wnt5a, Esr2) with applied DES (1.86x106). The subtype of trans-differentiated cell as a result of an applied toxin or toxicant is predictable by delta-Cmicro determined by Peff mapping. Study findings offer additional perspective on the basis for pressure regulated gene transcription by alterations in cell micro-compliance (Δ contraction-expansion, Cmicro), and are applicable for the further predictive modeling of gene to gene transcription interactions, and small molecule modulation of cell effective pressure (Peff) and its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Sarin
- Freelance Investigator in Translational Science and Medicine, Charleston, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Wu X, Wang J, Wu X, Hong Y, Li QQ. Heat Shock Responsive Gene Expression Modulated by mRNA Poly(A) Tail Length. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1255. [PMID: 32922425 PMCID: PMC7456977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Poly(A) tail length (PAL) has been implicated in the regulation of mRNA translation activities. However, the extent of such regulation at the transcriptome level is less understood in plants. Herein, we report the development and optimization of a large-scale sequencing technique called the Assay for PAL-sequencing (APAL-seq). To explore the role of PAL on post-transcriptional modification and translation, we performed PAL profiling of Arabidopsis transcriptome in response to heat shock. Transcripts of 2,477 genes were found to have variable PAL upon heat treatments. Further study of the transcripts of 14 potential heat-responsive genes identified two distinct groups of genes. In one group, PAL was heat stress-independent, and in the other, PAL was heat stress-sensitive. Meanwhile, the protein expression of HSP70 and HSP17.6C was determined to test the impact of PAL on translational activity. In the absence of heat stress, neither gene demonstrated protein expression; however, under gradual or abrupt heat stress, both transcripts showed enhanced protein expression with elongated PAL. Interestingly, HSP17.6C protein levels were positively correlated with the severity of heat treatment and peaked when treated with abrupt heat. Our results suggest that plant genes have a high variability of PALs and that PAL contributes to swift posttranslational stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Department of Automation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiling Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Qingshun Quinn Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
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21
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Döring P, Calvisi DF, Dombrowski F. Nuclear ErbB2 expression in hepatocytes in liver disease. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:309-318. [PMID: 32591879 PMCID: PMC7969555 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
ErbB2 is a prominent representative of the epidermal growth factor receptors that mainly attract attention as oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets in cancer. Besides transmembrane signaling, ErbB2 may also translocate into the nucleus and mediate distinct nuclear signaling effects including DNA repair and cell cycle arrest. Unexpectedly, we found nuclear ErbB2 expression in human hepatocytes in various liver diseases so we aimed to investigate the characteristics of liver disease leading to nuclear ErbB2 translocation. The immunohistochemical pattern of ErbB2 staining was analyzed in 1125 liver biopsy samples from patients with hepatic dysfunction. Further signaling and metabolic markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in selected liver biopsy samples. We found a cytoplasmic and nuclear ErbB2 expression in hepatocytes from different disease conditions with the strongest expression detected in alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nuclear ErbB2 positivity significantly correlated with histologic parameters of hepatocellular damage including inflammatory activity in steatohepatitis, hepatocellular ballooning, and cholestasis. ErbB2 overexpressing hepatocytes revealed an increase of phospho-STAT3, a downstream effector of nuclear ErbB2 signaling. Notably, we observed in nuclear ErbB2-positive hepatocytes a downregulation of estrogen receptor expression. In alcoholic steatohepatitis and other toxic liver diseases, hepatocytes revealed a nuclear ErbB2 expression implying a so far unknown mechanism in hepatocytes upon cellular stress that might lead to resistance to cell death. Nuclear ErbB2-positive hepatocytes showed downregulation of estrogen receptor expression and increased levels of pSTAT3, which are signs of functionality of nuclear ErbB2 signaling. Furthermore, analysis of hepatocellular ErbB2 expression could serve as helpful tool for diagnosis of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Döring
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Straße 23e, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Straße 23e, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
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22
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The Bisphenol A Induced Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Male Patients: A Clinical Strategy to Antagonize the Progression of the Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103369. [PMID: 32408667 PMCID: PMC7277712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been correlated to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development and progression. We investigated, in a clinical model, the effects of the administration of 303 mg of silybin phospholipids complex, 10 μg of vitamin D, and 15 mg of vitamin E (RealSIL, 100D, IBI-Lorenzini, Aprilia, Italy) in male NAFLD patients exposed to BPA on metabolic, hormonal, and oxidative stress-related parameters. Methods: We enrolled 32 male patients with histologic diagnosis of NAFLD and treated them with Realsil 100D twice a day for six months. We performed at baseline clinical, biochemical, and food consumption assessments as well as the evaluation of physical exercise, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), plasmatic and urinary BPA and estrogen levels. The results obtained were compared with those of healthy control subjects and, in the NAFLD group, between baseline and the end of treatment. Results: A direct proportionality between TBARS levels and BPA exposure was shown (p < 0.0001). The therapy determined a reduction of TBARS levels (p = 0.011), an improvement of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, insulinemia, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha (p < 0.05), an increase of conjugated BPA urine amount, and a reduction of its free form (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0002). Moreover, the therapy caused an increase of plasmatic levels of the native form of estrogens (p = 0.03). Conclusions: We highlighted the potential role of BPA in estrogen oxidation and oxidative stress in NAFLD patients. The use of Realsil 100D could contribute to fast BPA detoxification and to improve cellular antioxidant power, defending the integrity of biological estrogen-dependent pathways.
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23
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Sex Hormone-Dependent Physiology and Diseases of Liver. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082620. [PMID: 32290381 PMCID: PMC7216036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is associated not only with somatic and behavioral differences between men and women, but also with physiological differences reflected in organ metabolism. Genes regulated by sex hormones differ in expression in various tissues, which is especially important in the case of liver metabolism, with the liver being a target organ for sex hormones as its cells express estrogen receptors (ERs: ERα, also known as ESR1 or NR3A; ERβ; GPER (G protein-coupled ER, also known as GPR 30)) and the androgen receptor (AR) in both men and women. Differences in sex hormone levels and sex hormone-specific gene expression are mentioned as some of the main variations in causes of the incidence of hepatic diseases; for example, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more common in men, while women have an increased risk of autoimmune liver disease and show more acute liver failure symptoms in alcoholic liver disease. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the distinction is less pronounced, but increased incidences are suggested among men and postmenopausal women, probably due to an increased tendency towards visceral fat accumulation.
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24
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Meng Y, Zong L. Estrogen stimulates SREBP2 expression in hepatic cell lines via an estrogen response element in the SREBP2 promoter. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:65. [PMID: 31827541 PMCID: PMC6892134 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypoestrogenism in women is strongly associated with menopause and it can lead to lipid disorder, which predisposes people to premature cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism of lipid disorder remains unclear. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) is the key transcription factor regulating cholesterol metabolism. We hypothesize that estrogen regulates SREBP2 transcription through an estrogen response element (ERE) in the SREBP2 promoter region. Methods Human hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2) were treated with dose-dependent concentrations of estradiol (E2) for 24 h. Then, SREBP2 expression was determined via real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. The expressions of the SREBP2 downstream target genes HMGCR and LDLR were determined via real-time PCR. Lipid secretion in the culture media of HepG2 cells was measured using ELISA. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified high-scoring ERE-like sequences in the SREBP2 gene promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis was used to confirm the ERE. DNA fragments of the putative or mutated ERE-like sequence were synthesized and ligated into pGL3-basic plasmid to construct the SREBP2 promoter luciferase reporter systems. SREBP2-Luciferase (SREBP2-Luc), SREBP2-Mutation (SREBP2-Mut) and the blank control were transfected into hepatic cell lines. Luciferase activities were measured using the dual-luciferase reporter assay system. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and the luciferase reporter assay were repeated in human hepatoma cells (HuH-7). Results We found that E2 dose-dependently increased the expression of SREBP2 in HepG2 cells and that the increased levels were blocked when treated with an estrogen receptor-alpha antagonist. Additionally, E2 increased both HMGCR and LDLR expression and lipid secretion in HepG2 cells. Notably, we identified a functional ERE in the SREBP2 gene promoter, to which E2 could specifically bind and induce transcription. Conclusions An ERE was identified in the SREBP2 gene promoter. It mediates the regulation of SREBP2 expression by estrogen in hepatocytes. This study provides a mechanism to link cardiovascular disease with estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001 People's Republic of China
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25
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Ghasemi A, Saeidi J, Mohtashami M, Hashemy SI. Estrogen-independent role of ERα in ovarian cancer progression induced by leptin/Ob-Rb axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 458:207-217. [PMID: 31077012 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leptin induces ovarian cancer cell invasion via overexpression of MMP7, MMP9, and upA. In addition, the key role of ERα in leptin-increased cell growth was indicated. However, the influence of ER on leptin-mediated cell invasion remains still unknown. The present study was designed to evaluate the E2-independent effect of ERα/β on leptin-mediated cell invasion and cell proliferation in ovarian cancer. We utilized SKOV3 cancer (expressing OB-Rb and ERα/β, insensitive to estrogen) and OVCAR3 (expressing OB-Rb) cell lines to show the involvement of ER in leptin-mediated effects in an E2-independent manner. MTT, BrdU, and BD matrigel invasion assays were applied to analyze cell growth, proliferation, and invasion. The siRNA approach was used to confirm the role of ERα/β in leptin effects. Moreover, western blotting and Real-time PCR were employed to detect the OB-Rb, ER, MMP9/7, and upA proteins and mRNAs. Leptin, in the absence of E2, increased ERα expression in SKOV3 cells, which was attenuated using knockdown of OB-Rb gene by siRNA. The effect of leptin on the cell growth was promoted in the presence of PPT, but not in the presence of DNP and E2, which was lost when OB-Rb siRNA was transfected. Furthermore, ERα gene silencing and/or pre-incubation with ER antagonist (ICI 182,780, 10 nM) significantly reduced cell invasion and MMP9 expression stimulated by leptin. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that ERα, but not ERβ, is involved in leptin-induced ovarian cancer in an E2-independent manner, providing new evidence for cancer progression in obesity-associated ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghasemi
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mohtashami
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Li Y, Xu A, Jia S, Huang J. Recent advances in the molecular mechanism of sex disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4222-4228. [PMID: 30988804 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more frequently observed and aggressive in men compared with women. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the sex disparity appears to be mediated by the stimulatory effects of androgens and the protective effects of estrogen in the development and progression of HCC. In the past few decades, studies on the sex difference of HCC mainly focused on the effect of sex hormones on the transactivation of hepatitis B virus X protein and the release of inflammatory cytokines, and these studies have further intensified in recent years. Sex hormones are also involved in genetic alterations and DNA damage repair in hepatocytes through binding to their specific cellular receptors and affecting the corresponding signaling pathways. Furthermore, the theory of sex chromosomes participating in HCC has been considered. The present review discussed the recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of sex disparity in HCC, with the aim of improving the understanding of the underlying critical factors and exploring more effective methods for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Li
- Experimental Center, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Anjian Xu
- Experimental Center, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Jia
- Experimental Center, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Experimental Center, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Ameliorative effect of Silybin on bisphenol A induced oxidative stress, cell proliferation and steroid hormones oxidation in HepG2 cell cultures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3228. [PMID: 30824780 PMCID: PMC6397216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and silybin are considered xenoestrogens and could interfere with the action of endogenous hormones. It was demonstrated a higher level of BPA in plasma of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients, compared to those with steatosis (NAFL). We investigated the effect of BPA and silybin, alone or in combination, on proliferation, oxidative stress and steroid metabolism in HepG2 grown in high glucose concentration medium (H-HepG2). Cell viability was assessed by adding 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). TBARS were quantified by spectrophotometry. The effect of BPA, silybin and their combination on the expression of phosphorilized extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), ERK and Caspase 3 was determined by Western blot analysis. The identifications of lipids and steroid hormones was performed by mass spectrometry. BPA elicited in H-HepG2 oxidative stress and steroid hormones oxidation leading to the formation of metabolite with estrogenic and genotoxic potentials. Silybin ameliorates the harmful BPA-induced effect decreasing glucose uptake and lipid peroxidation. Moreover silybin activates the synthesis of vitamin D3 metabolites and prevent the steroid hormones oxidation. BPA could be considered as an important risk factor in worsening and progression of NAFLD. At the same time silybin could be a valid support to counteract these effects in NASH patients.
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Chun KA, Kocarnik JM, Hardikar SS, Robinson JR, Berndt SI, Chan AT, Figueiredo JC, Lindor NM, Song M, Schoen RE, Hayes RB, Potter JD, Nassir R, Bézieau S, Le Marchand L, Slattery ML, White E, Peters U, Newcomb PA. Leptin gene variants and colorectal cancer risk: Sex-specific associations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206519. [PMID: 30379922 PMCID: PMC6209341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of serum leptin and low levels of serum adiponectin are strongly correlated with obesity, a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of leptin and adiponectin levels may play an etiological role in colorectal carcinogenesis. We evaluated 20 candidate variants in 4 genes previously shown to alter serum leptin and adiponectin levels for associations with obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2) and CRC risk. METHODS We analyzed 6,246 CRC cases and 7,714 population-based controls from 11 studies within the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO). Associations of each variant with obesity or CRC were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models stratified by sex and adjusted for age, a study variable, and the first three principal components of genetic ancestry. Gene-specific False Discovery Rate (FDR)-adjusted p-values <0.05 denoted statistical significance. RESULTS Two variants in the leptin gene showed statistically significant associations with CRC among women: LEP rs2167270 (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06-1.21) and LEP rs4731426 (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.17). These associations remained significant after adjustment for obesity, suggesting that leptin SNPs may influence CRC risk independent of obesity. We observed statistically significant interactions of the leptin variants with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for CRC risk; these variant associations were strengthened when analyses were restricted to post-menopausal women with low estrogen exposure, as estimated by 'never use' of HRT and/or non-obese BMI. No variants were associated with CRC among men. CONCLUSIONS Leptin gene variants may exhibit sex-specific associations with CRC risk. Endogenous and exogenous estrogen exposure may modify the association between these variants, leptin levels, and CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A. Chun
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Kocarnik
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sheetal S. Hardikar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Jamaica R. Robinson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Jane C. Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Noralane M. Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America
| | - Mingyang Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Schoen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - John D. Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Martha L. Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Polly A. Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Barreto-Andrade JN, de Fátima LA, Campello RS, Guedes JAC, de Freitas HS, Machado MMOUF. Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) Enhances Slc2a4/GLUT4 Expression by a SP1 Cooperative Mechanism. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1320-1328. [PMID: 30275758 PMCID: PMC6158671 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.26774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Estrogens are involved in glycemic regulation, playing an important role in the development and/or progression of insulin resistance. For that, estrogens regulate the expression of the glucose transporter protein GLUT4 (codified by the solute carrier family 2 member 4 gene, Slc2a4), thus modulating adipose and muscle glucose disposal. This regulation is a balance between ESR1-mediated enhancer effect and ESR2-mediated repressor effect on Slc2a4 gene. However, molecular mechanisms involved in these effects are poorly understood. Since the specificity protein 1 (SP1) participates in several ESR-mediated genomic regulations, the aim of the present study is to investigate the participation of SP1 in the ESR1/2-mediated regulation of Slc2a4 gene. Methods: Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were 24-hour challenged with 10 nM estradiol (E2) and 10 nM ESR1 agonist (PPT) or 100 nM ESR2 agonist (DPN), added or not with E2. Slc2a4 and Sp1 mRNAs (RT-qPCR), total GLUT4 and nuclear ESR1, ESR2 and SP1 proteins (Western blotting), SP1 binding activity into Slc2a4 promoter (EMSA), and nuclear complexation of SP1/ESR1 (immunoprecipitation) were analyzed. Results: E2 and PPT increased (25-50%) whereas DPN reduced (20-45%) Slc2a4 and GLUT4 expression. Nuclear content of ESR1 and ESR2 remained unchanged. Nuclear content of SP1 increased (50 to 90%) by PPT and DPN added or not with E2; the highest effect observed with PPT alone. PPT also increased the nuclear content of SP1/ESR1 complex and the SP1 binding into the Slc2a4 promoter. Conclusions: ESR1 activation in adipocytes increased the nuclear content of SP1 protein, the SP1/ESR1 interaction and SP1 binding into the Slc2a4 gene promoter, culminating with increased Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression. No involvement of SP1 seems to occur in ESR2-mediated repressor effect on Slc2a4. We expect that this ESR1/SP1 cooperative effect can contribute to the development of new approaches for prevention or treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus.
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Sørvik IB, Solum EJ, Labba NA, Hansen TV, Paulsen RE. Differential effects of some novel synthetic oestrogen analogs on oxidative PC12 cell death caused by serum deprivation. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:273-287. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1430363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene B. Sørvik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Johansson Solum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils A. Labba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E. Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Shen M, Cao J, Shi H. Effects of Estrogen and Estrogen Receptors on Transcriptomes of HepG2 Cells: A Preliminary Study Using RNA Sequencing. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:5789127. [PMID: 30510575 PMCID: PMC6230429 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5789127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Men have a much higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of liver cancer, than women, suggesting that estrogens play a protective role in liver cancer development and progression. To begin to understand the potential mechanisms of estrogens' inhibitory effects on HCC development, RNA sequencing was used to generate comprehensive global transcriptome profiles of the human HCC-derived HepG2 cell line following treatment of vehicle (control), estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor alpha- (ERα-) specific agonist 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole (PPT), or ERβ-specific agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) using a small set of cells. Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified increased expression of genes involved in the biological process (BP) of response to different stimuli and metabolic processes by E2 and ER agonists, which enhanced molecular function (MF) in various enzyme activities and chemical bindings. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional pathway analysis indicated enhanced pathways associated with carbohydrate metabolism, complement and coagulation cascades, and HIF-1 signaling pathway by E2 and ER agonists. GO analysis also identified decreased expression of genes by E2, PPT, and DPN involved in BP related to the cell cycle and cell division, which reduced MF in activity of multiple enzymes and microtubule activity. KEGG analysis indicated that E2, PPT, and DPN suppressed pathways associated with the cell cycle; E2 and PPT suppressed pathways associated with chemical carcinogenesis and drug metabolism, and DPN suppressed DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Collectively, these differentially expressed genes across HepG2 cell transcriptome involving cellular and metabolic processes by E2 and ER agonists provided mechanistic insight into protective effects of estrogens in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Shen
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Jingyi Cao
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., Oxford, OH, USA
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Estrogen receptor signaling mediates leptin-induced growth of breast cancer cells via autophagy induction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109417-109435. [PMID: 29312618 PMCID: PMC5752531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a hormone derived from adipose tissue, promotes growth of cancer cells via multiple mechanisms. Estrogen receptor signaling is also known to stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells. However, the involvement of estrogen receptor signaling in the oncogenic actions of leptin and its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Herein, we investigated mechanisms for estrogen receptor signaling-mediated growth of breast cancer cells, particularly focusing on autophagy, which plays a crucial role in leptin-induced tumor growth. Inhibition of estrogen receptor signaling via gene silencing or treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor (tamoxifen) abolished leptin-induced growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Interestingly, leptin-induced autophagy activation, determined by up-regulation of autophagy-related genes and autophagosome formation, was also significantly suppressed by inhibiting estrogen receptor signaling. Moreover, inhibition of estrogen receptor markedly prevented leptin-induced activation of AMPK/FoxO3A axis, which plays a crucial role in autophagy induction. Leptin-induced cell cycle progression and Bax down-regulation were also prevented by treatment with tamoxifen. The pivotal roles of estrogen receptor signaling in leptin-induced cell cycle progression, apoptosis suppression, and autophagy induction were further confirmed in MCF-7 tumor xenograft model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that estrogen receptor signaling plays a key role in leptin-induced growth of breast cancer cells via autophagy activation.
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Zheng B, Zhu YJ, Wang HY, Chen L. Gender disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): multiple underlying mechanisms. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:575-584. [PMID: 28547581 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-9043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
On the global scale, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) especially in regions of Asia where HBV infection is endemic. Epidemiological studies show that the incidence of inflammation-driven HCC in males is three times as high as in females. Recent studies suggest that sex hormones have a crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of HBV-induced HCC. We found that the estrogen/androgen signaling pathway is associated with decreased/increased transcription and replication of HBV genes and can promote the development of HBV infections by up/downregulating HBV RNA transcription and inflammatory cytokines levels, which in turn slow down the progression of HBV-induced HCC. Additionally, sex hormones can also affect HBV-related HCC by inducing epigenetic changes. The evidence that both morphology and function of the human liver are affected by sex hormones was found over 60 years ago. However, the underlying molecular mechanism largely remains to be elucidated. This review focuses mainly on the molecular mechanisms behind the sex difference in HCC associated with HBV and other factors. In addition, several potential treatment and therapeutic strategies for inflammation-driven HCC will be introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Yan-Jing Zhu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China.
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Luo P, Jing W, Zhu M, Li ND, Zhou H, Yu MX, Liang CZ, Tu JC. Decreased expression of LncRNA SRA1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance. Cancer Biomark 2017; 18:285-290. [PMID: 28085012 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is an extremely aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and high fatality rates worldwide. Accumulating evidence indicated that novel biomarkers are required to get a better understanding of the biological mechanisms of HCC. SRA1, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), serves as a critical regulator in several cancers. However, the association between SRA1 expression and tumorigenesis in HCC tissues remains unclear. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we evaluated the expression of SRA1 in HCC and its clinical association. METHODS The expression levels of SRA1 in 67 pairs of cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from HCC patients were detected using quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of SRA1 in HCC cell lines compared with normal human hepatocyte cell lines was also measured. Finally, the potential associations between its level in HCC tissues and the clinicopathological parameters were analyzed as well. RESULTS The results indicated that the expression levels of SRA1 in HCC were remarkably decreased, compared with matched normal tissues (P< 0.001). Levels of SRA1 in HCC cell lines were also significantly decreased than that in normal human hepatocyte cell line L-02. Additionally, the levels of SRA1 were significantly associated with tumor size (P= 0.020) and serum GLU level (P= 0.046). CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted that SRA1 was downregulated in HCC and might serve as a tumor suppressor in HCC, which laid a solid foundation for future research.
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Leptin-LepRb Expressed in Gastric Cancer Patients and Related to Cancer-Related Depression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6482842. [PMID: 28316984 PMCID: PMC5337857 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6482842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder among cancer patients. Studies have not only highlighted that leptin and its receptor (LepRb) are independent poor prognostic factors in gastric cancer (GC) patients but also shown that the leptin-LepRb is necessary for antidepressant-like behaviors. In this study, we examined the serum and tissue leptin-LepRb expression in GC patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that depressive GC patients had significantly higher serum leptin-LepRb than healthy donors. Leptin-LepRb levels in GC tissues were also significantly higher than in matched paracarcinoma tissues using real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, we observed that both serum and tissue leptin-LepRb were significantly higher in depressive GC patients than those in nondepressive GC patients. Further, the patients with high tumor stage tend to have higher leptin-LepRb mRNA levels than that with low tumor stage. Together, our findings suggest that leptin-LepRb plays an important role in the pathogenesis and depression in GC. Leptin-LepRb therefore could be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in GC patients with depression.
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Yao F, Abdel-Rahman AA. Estrogen Receptors α and β Play Major Roles in Ethanol-Evoked Myocardial Oxidative Stress and Dysfunction in Conscious Ovariectomized Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 41:279-290. [PMID: 28032633 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We documented the dependence of ethanol (EtOH)-evoked myocardial dysfunction on estrogen (E2 ), and our recent estrogen receptor (ER) blockade study, in proestrus rats, implicated ERα signaling in this phenomenon. However, a limitation of selective pharmacological loss-of-function approach is the potential contribution of the other 2 ERs to the observed effects because crosstalk exists between the 3 ERs. Here, we adopted a "regain"-of-function approach (using selective ER subtype agonists) to identify the ER subtype(s) required for unraveling the E2 -dependent myocardial oxidative stress/dysfunction caused by EtOH in conscious ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS OVX rats received a selective ERα (PPT), ERβ (DPN), or GPER (G1) agonist (10 μg/kg; i.v.) or vehicle 30 minutes before EtOH (1.0 g/kg; infused i.v. over 30 minutes) or saline, and the hemodynamic recording continued for additional 60 minutes. Thereafter, left ventricular tissue was collected for conducting ex vivo molecular/biochemical studies. RESULTS EtOH had no hemodynamic effects in OVX rats, but reduced the left ventricular contractility index, dP/dtmax , and MAP after acute ERα (PPT) or ERβ (DPN) activation. These responses were associated with increases in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and eNOS, and in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the myocardium. GPER activation (G1) only unraveled a modest EtOH-evoked hypotension and elevation in myocardial ROS. PPT enhanced catalase, DPN reduced ALDH2, while G1 had no effect on the activity of either enzyme, and none of the agonists influenced alcohol dehydrogenase or CYP2E1 activities in the myocardium. Blood EtOH concentration (96.0 mg/dl) was significantly reduced following ERα (59.8 mg/dl) or ERβ (62.9 mg/dl), but not GPER (100.3 mg/dl), activation in EtOH-treated OVX rats. CONCLUSIONS ERα and ERβ play major roles in the E2 -dependent myocardial dysfunction caused by EtOH by promoting combined accumulation of cardiotoxic (ROS and MDA) and cardiodepressant (NOS-derived NO) molecules in female myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (FY, AAA-R), Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (FY, AAA-R), Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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