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Yihong J, Zhen L, Chang L, Ziying S, Ning Z, Meiqing S, Yuhui L, Lei W. Genome-wide identification and drought stress-induced expression analysis of the NHX gene family in potato. Front Genet 2024; 15:1396375. [PMID: 39055260 PMCID: PMC11269226 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1396375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
NHX proteins are transmembrane antiporters belonging to the cation/proton antiporter gene family, with a conserved Na+ (K+)/H+ exchange (PF00999) protein domain. NHXs play a prominent role in plant growth, development, and defense. However, the role of NHX gene family in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is yet to be known. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of the potato NHX gene family. A total of 25 StNHX family members were identified to be unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes. The proteins ranged in length from 252 to 1,153 amino acids, with molecular masses ranging from 27516.32 to 127860.87 kD, and isoelectric points (pI) ranging from 4.96 to 9.3. Analyses of gene structures and conserved motifs indicated that StNHX genes in the same phylogenetic cluster are conserved. Phylogenetic analysis divided the StNHX genes into three subfamilies (Classes I, II, and III). Synteny analysis indicated that StNHX gene family Class III of NHX and all Arabidopsis thaliana NHXs shared a close evolutionary relationship. Analysis of cis-acting elements in the upstream 1,500 bp promoter region of potato NHX genes showed that these genes could be regulated by light, stress, and hormones such as abscisic acid and gibberellic acid. Protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that StNHX proteins may participate in the regulation of potato growth and stress response. Besides, To determine a potential role of these genes in tissue development and drought response, we analyzed the RNA-seq data of different DM potato tissues. The results showed that NHX genes exhibited distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. We further examined the expression patterns of StNHX in different tissues (leaves, roots, shoots, tubers, stolons, and flowers) during the flowering stage in 'Jizhangshu NO.8.' potato. The qRT-PCR results further confirmed the importance of StNHX genes in potato plant growth and development. We further analyzed the RNA-seq data (DM potato) under different abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and heat), and found that the expression of StNHX genes was induced under abiotic stress. qRT-PCR analysis of shoots and roots of 'Jizhangshu NO.8.' potato treated for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h with 15% PEG6000 confirmed that the 25 StNHX genes are involved in the response to drought stress in potato. The results of this study may be useful for selecting appropriate candidate genes for the breeding of new drought-tolerant potato varieties. Furthermore, this study lays a foundation for prospective analysis of StNHX gene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yihong
- Potato Research Centre, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Liu Zhen
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Liu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shao Ziying
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhang Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Suo Meiqing
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liu Yuhui
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Wang Lei
- Potato Research Centre, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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Zhang X, Wang L, Pan T, Wu X, Shen J, Jiang L, Tajima H, Blumwald E, Qiu QS. Plastid KEA-type cation/H + antiporters are required for vacuolar protein trafficking in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2157-2174. [PMID: 37252889 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis plastid antiporters KEA1 and KEA2 are critical for plastid development, photosynthetic efficiency, and plant development. Here, we show that KEA1 and KEA2 are involved in vacuolar protein trafficking. Genetic analyses found that the kea1 kea2 mutants had short siliques, small seeds, and short seedlings. Molecular and biochemical assays showed that seed storage proteins were missorted out of the cell and the precursor proteins were accumulated in kea1 kea2. Protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) were smaller in kea1 kea2. Further analyses showed that endosomal trafficking in kea1 kea2 was compromised. Vacuolar sorting receptor 1 (VSR1) subcellular localizations, VSR-cargo interactions, and p24 distribution on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus were affected in kea1 kea2. Moreover, plastid stromule growth was reduced and plastid association with the endomembrane compartments was disrupted in kea1 kea2. Stromule growth was regulated by the cellular pH and K+ homeostasis maintained by KEA1 and KEA2. The organellar pH along the trafficking pathway was altered in kea1 kea2. Overall, KEA1 and KEA2 regulate vacuolar trafficking by controlling the function of plastid stromules via adjusting pH and K+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810000, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810000, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ting Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
| | - Xuexia Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiromi Tajima
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810000, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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3
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Xiao S, Wan Y, Guo S, Fan J, Lin Q, Zheng C, Wu C. Transcription Factor SiDi19-3 Enhances Salt Tolerance of Foxtail Millet and Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032592. [PMID: 36768932 PMCID: PMC9917086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is an important limiting factor of crop production. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is an important model crop for studying tolerance to various abiotic stressors. Therefore, examining the response of foxtail millet to salt stress at the molecular level is critical. Herein, we discovered that SiDi19-3 interacts with SiPLATZ12 to control salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and foxtail millet seedlings. SiDi19-3 overexpression increased the transcript levels of most Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX), salt overly sensitive (SOS), and calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) genes and improved the salt tolerance of foxtail millet and Arabidopsis. Six SiDi19 genes were isolated from foxtail millet. Compared with roots, stems, and leaves, panicles and seeds had higher transcript levels of SiDi19 genes. All of them responded to salt, alkaline, polyethylene glycol, and/or abscisic acid treatments with enhanced expression levels. These findings indicate that SiDi19-3 and other SiDi19 members regulate salt tolerance and other abiotic stress response in foxtail millet.
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Jin T, An J, Xu H, Chen J, Pan L, Zhao R, Wang N, Gai J, Li Y. A soybean sodium/hydrogen exchanger GmNHX6 confers plant alkaline salt tolerance by regulating Na +/K + homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:938635. [PMID: 36204047 PMCID: PMC9531905 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.938635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline soil has a high pH due to carbonate salts and usually causes more detrimental effects on crop growth than saline soil. Sodium hydrogen exchangers (NHXs) are pivotal regulators of cellular Na+/K+ and pH homeostasis, which is essential for salt tolerance; however, their role in alkaline salt tolerance is largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the function of a soybean NHX gene, GmNHX6, in plant response to alkaline salt stress. GmNHX6 encodes a Golgi-localized sodium/hydrogen exchanger, and its transcript abundance is more upregulated in alkaline salt tolerant soybean variety in response to NaHCO3 stress. Ectopic expression of GmNHX6 in Arabidopsis enhanced alkaline salt tolerance by maintaining high K+ content and low Na+/K+ ratio. Overexpression of GmNHX6 also improved soybean tolerance to alkaline salt stress. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of NHX6 is associated with the alkaline salt tolerance in soybean germplasm. A superior promoter of GmNHX6 was isolated from an alkaline salt tolerant soybean variety, which showed stronger activity than the promoter from an alkaline salt sensitive soybean variety in response to alkali stress, by luciferase transient expression assays. Our results suggested soybean NHX6 gene plays an important role in plant tolerance to alkaline salt stress.
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Sodium Accumulation in Infected Cells and Ion Transporters Mistargeting in Nodules of Medicago truncatula: Two Ugly Items That Hinder Coping with Salt Stress Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810618. [PMID: 36142539 PMCID: PMC9505113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of intracellular nitrogen-fixing bacteria causes changes in proteins’ location and in gene expression that may be detrimental to the host cell fitness. We hypothesized that the nodule’s high vulnerability toward salt stress might be due to alterations in mechanisms involved in the exclusion of Na+ from the host cytoplasm. Confocal and electron microscopy immunolocalization analyses of Na+/K+ exchangers in the root nodule showed the plasma membrane (MtNHX7) and endosome/tonoplast (MtNHX6) signal in non-infected cells; however, in mature infected cells the proteins were depleted from their target membranes and expelled to vacuoles. This mistargeting suggests partial loss of the exchanger’s functionality in these cells. In the mature part of the nodule 7 of the 20 genes encoding ion transporters, channels, and Na+/K+ exchangers were either not expressed or substantially downregulated. In nodules from plants subjected to salt treatments, low temperature-scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis revealed the accumulation of 5–6 times more Na+ per infected cell versus non-infected one. Hence, the infected cells’ inability to withstand the salt may be the integral result of preexisting defects in the localization of proteins involved in Na+ exclusion and the reduced expression of key genes of ion homeostasis, resulting in premature senescence and termination of symbiosis.
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Warsame AO, Michael N, O’Sullivan DM, Tosi P. Seed Development and Protein Accumulation Patterns in Faba Bean ( Vicia faba, L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9295-9304. [PMID: 35862501 PMCID: PMC9354250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A major objective in faba bean breeding is to improve its protein quality by selecting cultivars with enhanced desirable physicochemical properties. However, the protein composition of the mature seed is determined by a series of biological processes occurring during seed growth. Thus, any attempt to explain the final seed composition must consider the dynamics of the seed proteome during seed development. Here, we investigated the proteomic profile of developing faba bean seeds across 12 growth stages from 20 days after pollination (DAP) to full maturity. We analyzed trypsin-digested total protein extracts from the seeds at different growth stages by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), identifying 1217 proteins. The functional clusters of these proteins showed that, in early growth stages, proteins related to cell growth, division, and metabolism were most abundant compared to seed storage proteins that began to accumulate from 45 DAP. Moreover, label-free quantification of the relative abundance of seed proteins, including important globulin proteins, revealed several distinct temporal accumulation trends among the protein classes. These results suggest that these proteins are regulated differently and require further understanding of the impact of the different environmental stresses occurring at different grain filling stages on the expression and accumulation of these seed storage proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Warsame
- School
of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, U.K.
| | - Nicholas Michael
- School
of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University
of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, U.K.
| | - Donal M. O’Sullivan
- School
of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, U.K.
| | - Paola Tosi
- School
of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, U.K.
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Ma D, Ding Q, Guo Z, Xu C, Liang P, Zhao Z, Song S, Zheng HL. The genome of a mangrove plant, Avicennia marina, provides insights into adaptation to coastal intertidal habitats. PLANTA 2022; 256:6. [PMID: 35678934 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication, gene family and lineage-specific genes analysis based on high-quality genome reveal the adaptation mechanisms of Avicennia marina to coastal intertidal habitats. Mangrove plants grow in a complex habitat of coastal intertidal zones with high salinity, hypoxia, etc. Therefore, it is an interesting question how mangroves adapt to the unique intertidal environment. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome of the Avicennia marina, a typical true mangrove with a size of 480.43 Mb, contig N50 of 11.33 Mb and 30,956 annotated protein-coding genes. We identified 621 Avicennia-specific genes that are mainly related to flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis, auxin homeostasis and response to abiotic stimulus. We found that A. marina underwent a novel specific whole-genome duplication, which is in line with a brief era of global warming that occurred during the paleocene-eocene maximum. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses outline the distinct evolution and sophisticated regulations of A. marina adaptation to the intertidal environments, including expansion of photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation gene families, unique genes and pathways for antibacterial, detoxifying antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging. In addition, we also analyzed salt gland secretion-related genes, and those involved in the red bark-related flavonoid biosynthesis, while significant expansions of key genes such as NHX, 4CL, CHS and CHI. High-quality genomes in future investigations will facilitate the understand of evolution of mangrove and improve breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongna Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Qiansu Ding
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zejun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Pingping Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhizhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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8
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Zheng P, Zheng C, Otegui MS, Li F. Endomembrane mediated-trafficking of seed storage proteins: from Arabidopsis to cereal crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1312-1326. [PMID: 34849750 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seed storage proteins (SSPs) are of great importance in plant science and agriculture, particularly in cereal crops, due to their nutritional value and their impact on food properties. During seed maturation, massive amounts of SSPs are synthesized and deposited either within protein bodies derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, or into specialized protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). The processing and trafficking of SSPs vary among plant species, tissues, and even developmental stages, as well as being influenced by SSP composition. The different trafficking routes, which affect the amount of SSPs that seeds accumulate and their composition and modifications, rely on a highly dynamic and functionally specialized endomembrane system. Although the general steps in SSP trafficking have been studied in various plants, including cereals, the detailed underlying molecular and regulatory mechanisms are still elusive. In this review, we discuss the main endomembrane routes involved in SSP trafficking to the PSV in Arabidopsis and other eudicots, and compare and contrast the SSP trafficking pathways in major cereal crops, particularly in rice and maize. In addition, we explore the challenges and strategies for analyzing the endomembrane system in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WIUSA
| | - Faqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu J, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Duan E, Wang Y, Liu F, Wu M, Pan T, Wang Y, Hu T, Hao Y, Teng X, Zhu X, Lei J, Jing R, Yu Y, Sun Y, Bao X, Bao Y, Wang Y, Wan J. Subunit E isoform 1 of vacuolar H+-ATPase OsVHA enables post-Golgi trafficking of rice seed storage proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2192-2208. [PMID: 33624820 PMCID: PMC8644829 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dense vesicles (DVs) are Golgi-derived plant-specific carriers that mediate post-Golgi transport of seed storage proteins in angiosperms. How this process is regulated remains elusive. Here, we report a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, named glutelin precursor accumulation8 (gpa8) that abnormally accumulates 57-kDa proglutelins in the mature endosperm. Cytological analyses of the gpa8 mutant revealed that proglutelin-containing DVs were mistargeted to the apoplast forming electron-dense aggregates and paramural bodies in developing endosperm cells. Differing from previously reported gpa mutants with post-Golgi trafficking defects, the gpa8 mutant showed bent Golgi bodies, defective trans-Golgi network (TGN), and enlarged DVs, suggesting a specific role of GPA8 in DV biogenesis. We demonstrated that GPA8 encodes a subunit E isoform 1 of vacuolar H+-ATPase (OsVHA-E1) that mainly localizes to TGN and the tonoplast. Further analysis revealed that the luminal pH of the TGN and vacuole is dramatically increased in the gpa8 mutant. Moreover, the colocalization of GPA1 and GPA3 with TGN marker protein in gpa8 protoplasts was obviously decreased. Our data indicated that OsVHA-E1 is involved in endomembrane luminal pH homeostasis, as well as maintenance of Golgi morphology and TGN required for DV biogenesis and subsequent protein trafficking in rice endosperm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yuanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Erchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mingming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaopin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruonan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yinglun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiuhao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiqun Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
- Author for communication: ,
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Zhang X, Li H, Lu H, Hwang I. The trafficking machinery of lytic and protein storage vacuoles: how much is shared and how much is distinct? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3504-3512. [PMID: 33587748 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells contain two types of vacuoles, the lytic vacuole (LV) and protein storage vacuole (PSV). LVs are present in vegetative cells, whereas PSVs are found in seed cells. The physiological functions of the two types of vacuole differ. Newly synthesized proteins must be transported to these vacuoles via protein trafficking through the endomembrane system for them to function. Recently, significant advances have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of protein trafficking to these organelles. Despite these advances, the relationship between the trafficking mechanisms to the LV and PSV remains unclear. Some aspects of the trafficking mechanisms are common to both types of vacuole, but certain aspects are specific to trafficking to either the LV or PSV. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the components involved in protein trafficking to both the LV and PSV and compare them to examine the extent of overlap in the trafficking mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the interconnection between the LV and PSV provided by the protein trafficking machinery and the implications for the identity of these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673 Pohang, South Korea
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11
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Lv S, Wang L, Zhang X, Li X, Fan L, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Xie H, Sawchuk MG, Scarpella E, Qiu QS. Arabidopsis NHX5 and NHX6 regulate PIN6-mediated auxin homeostasis and growth. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 255:153305. [PMID: 33129075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
NHX5 and NHX6, endosomal Na+,K+/H+ antiporters in Arabidopsis thaliana, play a vital role in growth and development. Our previous study has shown that NHX5 and NHX6 function as H+ leak to regulate auxin-mediated growth in Arabidopsis. In this report, we investigated the function of NHX5 and NHX6 in controlling PIN6-mediated auxin homeostasis and growth in Arabidopsis. Phenotypic analyses found that NHX5 and NHX6 were critical for the function of PIN6, an auxin transporter. We further showed that PIN6 depended on NHX5 and NHX6 in regulating auxin homeostasis. NHX5 and NHX6 were colocalized with PIN6, but they did not interact physically. The conserved acidic residues that are vital for the activity of NHX5 and NHX6 were critical for PIN6 function. Together, NHX5 and NHX6 may regulate PIN6 function by their transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Ligang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Yingjia Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China
| | - Megan G Sawchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW-405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Enrico Scarpella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW-405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China.
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12
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Zhang X, Li Z, Li X, Xu Y, Xie H, Qiu QS. CBL3 and CIPK18 are required for the function of NHX5 and NHX6 in mediating Li + homeostasis in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 255:153295. [PMID: 33129077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis NHX5 and NHX6 are endosomal Na+,K+/H+ antiporters that function in mediating Na+, K+ and pH homeostasis. Here, we report that NHX5 and NHX6 mediate Li+ homeostasis in Arabidopsis. We found that the nhx5 nhx6 double mutant was defective in growth and had a high pale rate under Li+ stress; complementation with either NHX5 or NHX6 restored the growth of the double mutant under LiCl treatments. We further found that CBL3 and CIPK18 collaborate with NHX5 and NHX6 in controlling seedling growth. CBL3 and CIPK18 are involved in the NHX5- and NHX6-mediated response to Li+ stress but not to salt or low K+ stress. In addition, NHX5 and NHX6 coordinate NHX8, a plasma membrane antiporter, in mediating Li+ homeostasis. NHX8 may function differently from NHX5 and NHX6 in mediating Li+ homeostasis. NHX8 was not controlled by CBL3 and CIPK18. Overall, CBL3 and CIPK18 are required for the function of NHX5 and NHX6 in mediating Li+ homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhanchao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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13
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Zhang S, Tajima H, Nambara E, Blumwald E, Bassil E. Auxin Homeostasis and Distribution of the Auxin Efflux Carrier PIN2 Require Vacuolar NHX-Type Cation/H + Antiporter Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1311. [PMID: 33023035 PMCID: PMC7601841 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis vacuolar Na+/H+ transporters (NHXs) are important regulators of intracellular pH, Na+ and K+ homeostasis and necessary for normal plant growth, development, and stress acclimation. Arabidopsis contains four vacuolar NHX isoforms known as AtNHX1 to AtNHX4. The quadruple knockout nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4, lacking any vacuolar NHX-type antiporter activity, displayed auxin-related phenotypes including loss of apical dominance, reduced root growth, impaired gravitropism and less sensitivity to exogenous IAA and NAA, but not to 2,4-D. In nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4, the abundance of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2, but not PIN1, was drastically reduced at the plasma membrane and was concomitant with an increase in PIN2 labeled intracellular vesicles. Intracellular trafficking to the vacuole was also delayed in the mutant. Measurements of free IAA content and imaging of the auxin sensor DII-Venus, suggest that auxin accumulates in root tips of nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4. Collectively, our results indicate that vacuolar NHX dependent cation/H+ antiport activity is needed for proper auxin homeostasis, likely by affecting intracellular trafficking and distribution of the PIN2 efflux carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Hiromi Tajima
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada;
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Elias Bassil
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
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14
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Jutras PV, Sainsbury F, Goulet MC, Lavoie PO, Tardif R, Hamel LP, D'Aoust MA, Michaud D. pH Gradient Mitigation in the Leaf Cell Secretory Pathway Attenuates the Defense Response of Nicotiana benthamiana to Agroinfiltration. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:106-118. [PMID: 31789035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Partial neutralization of the Golgi lumen pH by the ectopic expression of influenza virus M2 proton channel is useful to stabilize acid-labile recombinant proteins in plant cells, but the impact of pH gradient mitigation on host cellular functions has not been investigated. Here, we assessed the unintended effects of M2 expression on the leaf proteome of Nicotiana benthamiana infiltrated with the bacterial gene vector Agrobacterium tumefaciens. An isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification quantitative proteomics procedure was followed to compare the leaf proteomes of plants agroinfiltrated with either an "empty" vector or an M2-encoding vector. Leaves infiltrated with the empty vector had a low soluble protein content compared to noninfiltrated control leaves, associated with increased levels of stress-related proteins but decreased levels of photosynthesis-associated proteins. M2 expression partly compromised these effects of agroinfiltration to restore soluble protein content in the leaf tissue, associated with restored levels of photosynthesis-associated proteins and reduced levels of stress-related proteins in the apoplast. These data illustrate the cell-wide influence of the Golgi lumen pH homeostasis on the leaf proteome of N. benthamiana responding to microbial challenge. They also underline the relevance of assessing the eventual unintended effects of accessory proteins used to modulate specific cellular or metabolic functions in plant protein biofactories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe V Jutras
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur les Végétaux , Université Laval , Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Nathan , QLD 4111 , Australia
| | - Marie-Claire Goulet
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur les Végétaux , Université Laval , Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Dominique Michaud
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur les Végétaux , Université Laval , Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
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15
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Krishnamurthy P, Vishal B, Khoo K, Rajappa S, Loh CS, Kumar PP. Expression of AoNHX1 increases salt tolerance of rice and Arabidopsis, and bHLH transcription factors regulate AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1299-1315. [PMID: 31350571 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Expression of AoNHX1 from the mangrove Avicennia increases salt tolerance of rice and Arabidopsis, and specific bHLH transcription factors regulate AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 in Arabidopsis to mediate the salinity response. Improving crop plants to better tolerate soil salinity is a challenging task. Mangrove trees such as Avicennia officinalis have special adaptations to thrive in high salt conditions, which include subcellular compartmentalization of ions facilitated by specialized ion transporters. We identified and characterized two genes encoding Na+/H+ exchangers AoNHX1 and AoNHX6 from Avicennia. AoNHX1 was present in the tonoplast, while, AoNHX6 was localized to the ER and Golgi. Both NHXs were induced by NaCl treatment, with AoNHX1 showing high expression levels in the leaves and AoNHX6 in the seedling roots. Yeast deletion mutants (ena1-5Δ nha1Δ nhx1Δ and ena1-5Δ nha1Δ vnx1Δ) complemented with AoNHX1 and AoNHX6 showed increased tolerance to both NaCl and KCl. Expression of AoNHX1 and AoNHX6 in the corresponding Arabidopsis mutants conferred enhanced NaCl tolerance. The underlying molecular regulatory mechanism was investigated using AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 in Arabidopsis. We identified two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors AtMYC2 and AtbHLH122 as the ABA-mediated upstream regulators of AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, expression of AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 transcripts was reduced in the atmyc2 and atbhlh122 mutants. Lastly, transgenic rice seedlings harboring pUBI::AoNHX1 showed enhanced salt tolerance, suggesting that this gene can be exploited for developing salt-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Bhushan Vishal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Kaijie Khoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Sivamathini Rajappa
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chiang-Shiong Loh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
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16
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Genome Wide Identification, Molecular Characterization, and Gene Expression Analyses of Grapevine NHX Antiporters Suggest Their Involvement in Growth, Ripening, Seed Dormancy, and Stress Response. Biochem Genet 2019; 58:102-128. [PMID: 31286319 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant NHX antiporters are critical for cellular pH, Na+, and K+ homeostasis and salt tolerance. Even though their genomic and functional studies have been conducted in many species, the grapevine NHX family has not been described yet. Our work highlights the presence of six VvNHX genes whose phylogenetic analysis revealed their classification in two distinct groups: group I vacuolar (VvNHX1-5) and group II endosomal (VvNHX6). Several cis-acting regulatory elements related to tissue-specific expression, transcription factor binding, abiotic/biotic stresses response, and light regulation elements were identified in their promoter. Expression profile analyses of VvNHX genes showed variable transcription within organs and tissues with diverse patterns according to biochemical, environmental, and biotic treatments. All VvNHXs are involved in berry growth, except VvNHX5 that seems to be rather implicated in seed maturation. VvNHX4 would be more involved in floral development, while VvNHX2 and 3 display redundant roles. QPCR expression analyses of VvNHX1 showed its induction by NaCl and KNO3 treatments, whereas VvNHX6 was induced by ABA application and strongly repressed by PEG treatment. VvNHX1 plays a crucial role in a bunch of grape developmental steps and adaptation responses through mechanisms of phyto-hormonal signaling. Overall, VvNHX family members could be valuable candidate genes for grapevine improvement.
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17
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Zhu X, Pan T, Zhang X, Fan L, Quintero FJ, Zhao H, Su X, Li X, Villalta I, Mendoza I, Shen J, Jiang L, Pardo JM, Qiu QS. K + Efflux Antiporters 4, 5, and 6 Mediate pH and K + Homeostasis in Endomembrane Compartments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1657-1678. [PMID: 30309966 PMCID: PMC6288736 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 are members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) K+ efflux antiporter (KEA) family that share high sequence similarity but whose function remains unknown. Here, we show their gene expression pattern, subcellular localization, and physiological function in Arabidopsis. KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 had similar tissue expression patterns, and the three KEA proteins localized to the Golgi, the trans-Golgi network, and the prevacuolar compartment/multivesicular bodies, suggesting overlapping roles of these proteins in the endomembrane system. Phenotypic analyses of single, double, and triple mutants confirmed functional redundancy. The triple mutant kea4 kea5 kea6 had small rosettes, short seedlings, and was sensitive to low K+ availability and to the sodicity imposed by high salinity. Also, the kea4 kea5 kea6 mutant plants had a reduced luminal pH in the Golgi, trans-Golgi network, prevacuolar compartment, and vacuole, in accordance with the K/H exchange activity of KEA proteins. Genetic analysis indicated that KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 as well as endosomal Na+/H+exchanger5 (NHX5) and NHX6 acted coordinately to facilitate endosomal pH homeostasis and salt tolerance. Neither cancelling nor overexpressing the vacuolar antiporters NHX1 and NHX2 in the kea4 kea5 kea6 mutant background altered the salt-sensitive phenotype. The NHX1 and NHX2 proteins in the kea4 kea5 kea6 mutant background could not suppress the acidity of the endomembrane system but brought the vacuolar pH close to wild-type values. Together, these data signify that KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 are endosomal K+ transporters functioning in maintaining pH and ion homeostasis in the endomembrane network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Ting Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Xiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Ligang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Hong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Xiaomeng Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Irene Villalta
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Imelda Mendoza
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Jinbo Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jose M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
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18
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Yue W, Nie X, Cui L, Zhi Y, Zhang T, Du X, Song W. Genome-wide sequence and expressional analysis of autophagy Gene family in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:7-21. [PMID: 30025220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved intracellular degradation system, is regarded to be responsible for self-defense and protect cells from abiotic stress. Extensive studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development as well as in response to diverse stresses. However, little is known about autophagy-associated genes (ATGs) in wheat, especially those involved in the regulatory network of stress processes. In this study, a total of 108 putative wheat ATGs (TaATG) were obtained based on a genome-wide search approach. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into 13 subfamilies, of which the TaAtg16 subfamily consisted of 29 members, ranking it the largest subfamily. The conserved motif compositions as well as their exon-intron structures were systematically analyzed and strongly supported the classification. The homoeologous genes tended to have similar gene features during wheat polyploidization. Furthermore, a total of 114 putative cis-elements were found, and those related to hormone, stress, and light responsiveness were abundantly presented in the promoter regions. Co-expression network analysis revealed that orthologous VAMP727 was the hub node of the whole network, and complex interactions were also found. Finally, the expression profiles of TaATGs among different tissues and under abiotic stresses were investigated to identify tissue-specific or stress-responsive candidates, and then 14 were validated by wet-lab analysis. Results showed that the TaAtg8 subfamily played a crucial role in tissue autophagy and stress defense, which could be considered as processes that are candidates for further functional study. This was the first study to comprehensively investigate the ATG family in wheat, which ultimately provided important clues for further functional analysis and also took a step toward uncovering the evolutionary mechanism of ATG genes in wheat and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Licao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yongqiang Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xianghong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Weining Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Australia-China Joint Research Centre for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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19
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Phosphoinositides control the localization of HOPS subunit VPS41, which together with VPS33 mediates vacuole fusion in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8305-E8314. [PMID: 30104351 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807763115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The vacuole is an essential organelle in plant cells, and its dynamic nature is important for plant growth and development. Homotypic membrane fusion is required for vacuole biogenesis, pollen germination, stomata opening, and gravity perception. Known components of the vacuole fusion machinery in eukaryotes include SNARE proteins, Rab GTPases, phosphoinositides, and the homotypic fusion and vacuolar protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex. HOPS function is not well characterized in plants, but roles in embryogenesis and pollen tube elongation have been reported. Here, we show that Arabidopsis HOPS subunits VPS33 and VPS41 accumulate in late endosomes and that VPS41, but not VPS33, accumulates in the tonoplast via a wortmannin-sensitive process. VPS41 and VPS33 proteins bind to liposomes, but this binding is inhibited by phosphatidylinosiltol-3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] and PtdIns(3,5)P2, which implicates a nonconserved mechanism for HOPS recruitment in plants. Inducible knockdown of VPS41 resulted in dramatic vacuole fragmentation phenotypes and demonstrated a critical role for HOPS in vacuole fusion. Furthermore, we provide evidence for genetic interactions between VPS41 and VTI11 SNARE that regulate vacuole fusion, and the requirement of a functional SNARE complex for normal VPS41 and VPS33 localization. Finally, we provide evidence to support VPS33 and SYP22 at the initial stage for HOPS-SNARE interactions, which is similar to other eukaryotes. These results highlight both conserved and specific mechanisms for HOPS recruitment and function during vacuole fusion in plants.
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20
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Ashnest JR, Gendall AR. Trafficking to the seed protein storage vacuole. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:895-910. [PMID: 32291054 DOI: 10.1071/fp17318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The processing and subcellular trafficking of seed storage proteins is a critical area of physiological, agricultural and biotechnological research. Trafficking to the lytic vacuole has been extensively discussed in recent years, without substantial distinction from trafficking to the protein storage vacuole (PSV). However, despite some overlap between these pathways, there are several examples of unique processing and machinery in the PSV pathway. Moreover, substantial new data has recently come to light regarding the important players in this pathway, in particular, the intracellular NHX proteins and their role in regulating lumenal pH. In some cases, these new data are limited to genetic evidence, with little mechanistic understanding. As such, the implications of these data in the current paradigm of PSV trafficking is perhaps yet unclear. Although it has generally been assumed that the major classes of storage proteins are trafficked via the same pathway, there is mounting evidence that the 12S globulins and 2S albumins may be trafficked independently. Advances in identification of vacuolar targeting signals, as well as an improved mechanistic understanding of various vacuolar sorting receptors, may reveal the differences in these trafficking pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne R Ashnest
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3086, Australia
| | - Anthony R Gendall
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3086, Australia
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21
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Abstract
Vacuolar trafficking plays a vital role in plant growth and development. In this chapter, we describe a powerful technique for the evaluation of vacuolar protein trafficking, which is designated as GREEN FLUORESCENT SEED. Based on vacuole-targeted green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis seeds, this method enables the nondestructive isolation of mutant seeds defective in vacuolar trafficking and their visual characterization.
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22
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Fan L, Zhao L, Hu W, Li W, Novák O, Strnad M, Simon S, Friml J, Shen J, Jiang L, Qiu QS. Na + ,K + /H + antiporters regulate the pH of endoplasmic reticulum and auxin-mediated development. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:850-864. [PMID: 29360148 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 are endosomal Na+ ,K+ /H+ antiporters that are critical for growth and development in Arabidopsis, but the mechanism behind their action remains unknown. Here, we report that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6, functioning as H+ leak, control auxin homeostasis and auxin-mediated development. We found that nhx5 nhx6 exhibited growth variations of auxin-related defects. We further showed that nhx5 nhx6 was affected in auxin homeostasis. Genetic analysis showed that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 were required for the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized auxin transporter PIN5. Although AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 were colocalized with PIN5 at ER, they did not interact directly. Instead, the conserved acidic residues in AtNHX5 and AtNHX6, which are essential for exchange activity, were required for PIN5 function. AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 regulated the pH in ER. Overall, AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 may regulate auxin transport across the ER via the pH gradient created by their transport activity. H+ -leak pathway provides a fine-tuning mechanism that controls cellular auxin fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Weina Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sibu Simon
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jinbo Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
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AtCAP2 is crucial for lytic vacuole biogenesis during germination by positively regulating vacuolar protein trafficking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1675-E1683. [PMID: 29378957 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717204115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein trafficking is a fundamental mechanism of subcellular organization and contributes to organellar biogenesis. AtCAP2 is an Arabidopsis homolog of the Mesembryanthemum crystallinum calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 adaptor protein 2 (McCAP2), a member of the syntaxin superfamily. Here, we show that AtCAP2 plays an important role in the conversion to the lytic vacuole (LV) during early plant development. The AtCAP2 loss-of-function mutant atcap2-1 displayed delays in protein storage vacuole (PSV) protein degradation, PSV fusion, LV acidification, and biosynthesis of several vacuolar proteins during germination. At the mature stage, atcap2-1 plants accumulated vacuolar proteins in the prevacuolar compartment (PVC) instead of the LV. In wild-type plants, AtCAP2 localizes to the PVC as a peripheral membrane protein and in the PVC compartment recruits glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C2 (GAPC2) to the PVC. We propose that AtCAP2 contributes to LV biogenesis during early plant development by supporting the trafficking of specific proteins involved in the PSV-to-LV transition and LV acidification during early stages of plant development.
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Gacek K, Bartkowiak-Broda I, Batley J. Genetic and Molecular Regulation of Seed Storage Proteins (SSPs) to Improve Protein Nutritional Value of Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.) Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:890. [PMID: 30013586 PMCID: PMC6036235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The world-wide demand for additional protein sources for human nutrition and animal feed keeps rising due to rapidly growing world population. Oilseed rape is a second important oil producing crop and the by-product of the oil production is a protein rich meal. The protein in rapeseed meal finds its application in animal feed and various industrial purposes, but its improvement is of great interest, especially for non-ruminants and poultry feed. To be able to manipulate the quality and quantity of seed protein in oilseed rape, understanding genetic architecture of seed storage protein (SSPs) synthesis and accumulation in this crop species is of great interest. For this, application of modern molecular breeding tools such as whole genome sequencing, genotyping, association mapping, and genome editing methods implemented in oilseed rape seed protein improvement would be of great interest. This review examines current knowledge and opportunities to manipulate of SSPs in oilseed rape to improve its quality, quantity and digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gacek
- Oilseed Crops Research Centre, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Bartkowiak-Broda
- Oilseed Crops Research Centre, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jacqueline Batley,
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Brillada C, Rojas-Pierce M. Vacuolar trafficking and biogenesis: a maturation in the field. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:77-81. [PMID: 28865974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole is a prominent organelle that is essential for plant viability. The vacuole size, and its role in ion homeostasis, protein degradation and storage, place significant demands for trafficking of vacuolar cargo along the endomembrane system. Recent studies indicate that sorting of vacuolar cargo initiates at the ER and Golgi, but not the trans-Golgi network/early endosome, as previously thought. Furthermore, maturation of the trans-Golgi network into pre-vacuolar compartments seems to contribute to a major route for plant vacuolar traffic that works by bulk flow and ends with membrane fusion between the pre-vacuolar compartment and the tonoplast. Here we summarize recent evidence that indicates conserved and plant-specific mechanisms involved in sorting and trafficking of proteins to this major organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Brillada
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Marcela Rojas-Pierce
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Kaashyap M, Ford R, Bohra A, Kuvalekar A, Mantri N. Improving Salt Tolerance of Chickpea Using Modern Genomics Tools and Molecular Breeding. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:557-567. [PMID: 29204084 PMCID: PMC5684649 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170705155252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The high protein value, essential minerals, dietary fibre and notable ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen make chickpea a highly remunerative crop, particularly in low-input food production systems. Of the variety of constraints challenging chickpea productivity worldwide, salinity remains of prime concern owing to the intrinsic sensitivity of the crop. In view of the projected expansion of chickpea into arable and salt-stressed land by 2050, increasing attention is being placed on improving the salt tolerance of this crop. Considerable effort is currently underway to address salinity stress and substantial breeding progress is being made despite the seemingly highly-complex and environment-dependent nature of the tolerance trait. CONCLUSION This review aims to provide a holistic view of recent advances in breeding chickpea for salt tolerance. Initially, we focus on the identification of novel genetic resources for salt tolerance via extensive germplasm screening. We then expand on the use of genome-wide and cost-effective techniques to gain new insights into the genetic control of salt tolerance, including the responsive genes/QTL(s), gene(s) networks/cross talk and intricate signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Aniket Kuvalekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411043, India
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Assaha DVM, Ueda A, Saneoka H, Al-Yahyai R, Yaish MW. The Role of Na + and K + Transporters in Salt Stress Adaptation in Glycophytes. Front Physiol 2017; 8:509. [PMID: 28769821 PMCID: PMC5513949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic stress is one of the most important components of salinity and is brought about by excess Na+ accumulation, especially in the aerial parts of plants. Since Na+ interferes with K+ homeostasis, and especially given its involvement in numerous metabolic processes, maintaining a balanced cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio has become a key salinity tolerance mechanism. Achieving this homeostatic balance requires the activity of Na+ and K+ transporters and/or channels. The mechanism of Na+ and K+ uptake and translocation in glycophytes and halophytes is essentially the same, but glycophytes are more susceptible to ionic stress than halophytes. The transport mechanisms involve Na+ and/or K+ transporters and channels as well as non-selective cation channels. Thus, the question arises of whether the difference in salt tolerance between glycophytes and halophytes could be the result of differences in the proteins or in the expression of genes coding the transporters. The aim of this review is to seek answers to this question by examining the role of major Na+ and K+ transporters and channels in Na+ and K+ uptake, translocation and intracellular homeostasis in glycophytes. It turns out that these transporters and channels are equally important for the adaptation of glycophytes as they are for halophytes, but differential gene expression, structural differences in the proteins (single nucleotide substitutions, impacting affinity) and post-translational modifications (phosphorylation) account for the differences in their activity and hence the differences in tolerance between the two groups. Furthermore, lack of the ability to maintain stable plasma membrane (PM) potentials following Na+-induced depolarization is also crucial for salt stress tolerance. This stable membrane potential is sustained by the activity of Na+/H+ antiporters such as SOS1 at the PM. Moreover, novel regulators of Na+ and K+ transport pathways including the Nax1 and Nax2 loci regulation of SOS1 expression and activity in the stele, and haem oxygenase involvement in stabilizing membrane potential by activating H+-ATPase activity, favorable for K+ uptake through HAK/AKT1, have been shown and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekoum V. M. Assaha
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Saneoka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Rashid Al-Yahyai
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Mahmoud W. Yaish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
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28
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Liu Y, Wu X, Hou W, Li P, Sha W, Tian Y. Structure and function of seed storage proteins in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). 3 Biotech 2017; 7:74. [PMID: 28452019 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein subunit is the most important basic unit of protein, and its study can unravel the structure and function of seed storage proteins in faba bean. In this study, we identified six specific protein subunits in Faba bean (cv. Qinghai 13) combining liquid chromatography (LC), liquid chromatography-electronic spray ionization mass (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and bio-information technology. The results suggested a diversity of seed storage proteins in faba bean, and a total of 16 proteins (four GroEL molecular chaperones and 12 plant-specific proteins) were identified from 97-, 96-, 64-, 47-, 42-, and 38-kD-specific protein subunits in faba bean based on the peptide sequence. We also analyzed the composition and abundance of the amino acids, the physicochemical characteristics, secondary structure, three-dimensional structure, transmembrane domain, and possible subcellular localization of these identified proteins in faba bean seed, and finally predicted function and structure. The three-dimensional structures were generated based on homologous modeling, and the protein function was analyzed based on the annotation from the non-redundant protein database (NR database, NCBI) and function analysis of optimal modeling. The objective of this study was to identify the seed storage proteins in faba bean and confirm the structure and function of these proteins. Our results can be useful for the study of protein nutrition and achieve breeding goals for optimal protein quality in faba bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuexia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
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29
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Qiu QS. AtNHX5 and AtNHX6: Roles in protein transport. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1184810. [PMID: 27175802 PMCID: PMC4973783 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1184810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
AtNHX5 and AtNHX6, endosomal Na(+),K(+)/H(+) antiporters in Arabidopsis, are localized in the Golgi, trans-Golgi network, and prevacuolear compartment. It becomes evident that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 play an important role in protein transport toward the vacuole. Studies have shown that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 regulate the transport of seed storage proteins as well as the biogenesis of the protein storage vacuoles. Three distinct mechanisms have been revealed for the roles of AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 in protein transport. AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 control: (i) the binding of VSR to its cargoes; (ii) the recycling of VSRs; and (iii) subcellular localization of the SNARE complex. Moreover, it has been found that the endosomal pH homeostasis maintained by AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 is critical for the transport of seed storage proteins. Taken together, AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 regulate the trafficking of seed storage proteins into the vacuole; the H(+) leak pathway conducted by AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 is critical for protein transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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