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Kannoth S, Ali N, Prasanth GK, Arvind K, Mohany M, Hembrom PS, Sadanandan S, Vasu DA, Grace T. Transcriptome analysis of Corvus splendens reveals a repertoire of antimicrobial peptides. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18728. [PMID: 37907616 PMCID: PMC10618271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance has become a global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial peptides have been acknowledged as potential leads for prospective anti-infectives. Owing to their scavenging lifestyle, Corvus splendens is thought to have developed robust immunity to pathogens found in their diet, implying that they have evolved mechanisms to resist infection. In the current study, the transcriptome of C. splendens was sequenced, and de novo assembled to identify the presence of antimicrobial peptide genes. 72.09 million high-quality clean reads were obtained which were then de novo assembled into 3,43,503 transcripts and 74,958 unigenes. About 37,559 unigenes were successfully annotated using SwissProt, Pfam, GO, and KEGG databases. A search against APD3, CAMPR3 and LAMP databases identified 63 AMP candidates belonging to more than 20 diverse families and functional classes. mRNA of AvBD-2, AvBD-13 and CATH-2 were found to be differentially expressed between the three tested crows as well as among the tissues. We also characterized Corvus Cathelicidin 2 (CATH-2) to gain knowledge of its antimicrobial mechanisms. The CD spectroscopy of synthesized mature Corvus CATH-2 peptide displayed an amphipathic α-helical structure. Though the synthetic CATH-2 caused hemolysis of human RBC, it also exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and B. cereus. Docking simulation results revealed that this peptide could bind to the LPS binding site of MD-2, which may prevent LPS from entering the MD-2 binding pocket, and trigger TLR4 signaling pathway. The Corvus CATH-2 characterized in this study could aid in the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Kannoth
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ganesh K Prasanth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar Arvind
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Preety Sweta Hembrom
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Shemmy Sadanandan
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Deepa Azhchath Vasu
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Tony Grace
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
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Lu X, Han YC, Shepherd BS, Xiang Y, Deng DF, Vinyard BT. Molecular Analysis and Sex-specific Response of the Hepcidin Gene in Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens) Following Lipopolysaccharide Challenge. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:215-225. [PMID: 36562953 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (hamp) is active in teleosts against invading pathogens and plays important roles in the stress and immune responses of finfish. The response of hamp gene was studied in yellow perch (yp) (Perca flavescens) challenged with lipopolysaccharides to understand if this immunity response is sex-specifically different. The cloned hamp gene consists of an open-reading frame of 273 bp and encodes a deduced protein of 90 amino acids (a.a.), which includes a signal peptide of 24 a.a., a pro-domain of 40 a.a. and a mature peptide of 26 a.a. Yp hamp involves 8 cysteine residues with 4 disulfide bonds, and a protein with an internal alpha helix flanked with C- and N-terminal random coils was modeling predicted. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the relative abundances (RAs) of hamp mRNA in the livers of juvenile female and male yellow perch challenged with lipopolysaccharide. The expression levels of hamp were significantly elevated by 3 h (RA = 7.3) and then peaked by 6 h (RA = 29.4) post-treatment in females but the peak was delayed to 12 h (RA = 65.4) post-treatment in males. The peak mRNA level of challenged males was shown 7.6-fold higher than females. The post-treatment responses in both genders decreased to their lowest levels by 24 h and 48 h. Overall, female perch had an earlier but less-sensitive response to the lipopolysaccharide challenge than male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, Hubei, China
| | - Yueh-Chiang Han
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education-Oak Ridge Associated Universities-US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA.
| | - Brian S Shepherd
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Ying Xiang
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Dong-Fang Deng
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Bryan T Vinyard
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service/Northeast Area Statistics Group, Beltsville, MD, USA
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3
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Cervera L, González-Fernández C, Cano D, Esteban MÁ, Mercado L, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Immunity elicited by AMP-encoding plasmids fails to increase the protection of European sea bass against nodavirus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108507. [PMID: 36581252 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potent arm of the innate immune system that can directly kill pathogens and induce immunomodulation. In the marine aquaculture, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) is one of the most prosperous species but is highly susceptible to nodavirus (NNV), which produces high rates of mortality in larvae and juvenile stages. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether AMPs exert immunomodulatory and/or NNV-preventive actions in sea bass. To do this, plasmids encoding the sea bass AMPs dicentracin (pDIC), beta-defensin (pDB1), hepcidin (pHAMP2) or NK-lysin (pNKL) were generated and intramuscularly injected into sea bass juveniles to evaluate their immunomodulatory and anti-NNV roles. Sea bass muscle transcribes the AMPs and produces an increase in their circulating levels, along with an increase of the antibacterial activity. Immune-related gene analysis revealed a great activation of the inflammatory response and the recruitment of neutrophilic granulocytes at the site of injection. However, AMP-encoding plasmids, namely pHAMP2, negatively affected to NNV disease by increasing fish mortality. In conclusion, plasmids encoding AMPs show immunostimulatory effects on European sea bass but do not improve the resistance to NNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniela Cano
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Spanish National Research Council (IEO-CSIC), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Costa JCD, Souza SSD, Val AL. Impact of high temperature, CO 2 and parasitic infection on inflammation, immunodepression and programmed cell death in Colossoma macropomum at the transcriptional level. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105804. [PMID: 36179975 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The production of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum has recently reached a milestone, being considered the main native species produced in South American continental waters. Despite the importance of this fish, its immunity is poorly understood, and global warming could pose severe risks to its health as increasing water temperature leads to an increase in the incidence of parasitic diseases. In an experimental context based on the high-emission scenario of the 5th Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, we evaluated the synergistic effect of exposure to the extreme climate change scenario (RCP8.5) during two exposure periods (7 and 30 days) and two levels of parasitism by monogeneans (low and high). The goal was to understand how the tambaqui immune system will react to this challenge. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the expression of nine immunity-related genes (jak3, stat3, il-10, socs1, casp1, il-1β, tp53, bcl2, and hif-1α) in the spleen. Our main findings showed downregulation in the jak3/stat3 pathway, genes related to the control of inflammation and apoptosis, in addition to upregulation of proinflammatory genes and those related to pyroptosis during the first 7 days of exposure to the extreme climate scenario, also indicating a stage of immunodepression in these animals. After 30 days of exposure, all genes tended to return to similar levels in the current scenario, possibly due to the decrease in parasite load caused by chronic exposure to the extreme scenario. Our data strongly suggest that the increase in parasitism intensity caused by the extreme climate change scenario is responsible for disturbances in the host's immune system. However, more studies are needed to clarify this poorly understood cascade of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Custódio da Costa
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Conservation and Evolutionary Biology (PPG-GCBEv), Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM), Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon (INPA), 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Samara Silva de Souza
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Conservation and Evolutionary Biology (PPG-GCBEv), Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM), Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon (INPA), 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luis Val
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Conservation and Evolutionary Biology (PPG-GCBEv), Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM), Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon (INPA), 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Neves JV, Barroso C, Carvalho P, Nunes M, Gonçalves JFM, Rodrigues PNS. Characterization of Erythroferrone in a Teleost Fish (Dicentrarchus labrax) With Two Functional Hepcidin Types: More Than an Erythroid Regulator. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867630. [PMID: 35464433 PMCID: PMC9024048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythroferrone is a recently identified erythroid regulator produced by erythroblasts in the mammalian bone marrow and extramedullary sites, known to be induced in conditions of anemia or blood loss. Iron metabolism is affected by erythroferrone through its capacity to inhibit hepcidin production, leading to the increase of iron availability required for erythropoiesis. However, little is known about erythroferrone function in other vertebrates, in particular teleost fish, that unlike mammals, present two different functional types of hepcidin, one type mostly involved in iron metabolism and the other in antimicrobial response. The study of erythroferrone evolution and its biological role in teleost fish can give us valuably new insights into its function. To address these questions, we characterized erythroferrone in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a species presenting two hepcidin types, and evaluated variations in its expression levels in response to different experimental conditions. During experimental anemia, erythroferrone responds by increasing its expression and suppressing hepcidin production, following the pattern observed in mammals, but it is not influenced by iron overload. However, during bacterial infection, erythroferrone is downregulated and hepcidin levels increase. Furthermore, administration of Hamp1 but not of Hamp2 peptides suppresses erythroferrone expression. In conclusion, in dual hepcidin teleost fish erythroferrone seems to only interact with type 1 hepcidin, known to be involved in iron homeostasis, but not with type 2, which has an almost exclusive antimicrobial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. Neves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Iron and Innate Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: João V. Neves, ; José F. M. Gonçalves,
| | - Carolina Barroso
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Iron and Innate Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Carvalho
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Magda Nunes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José F. M. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: João V. Neves, ; José F. M. Gonçalves,
| | - Pedro N. S. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Iron and Innate Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Díaz R, Troncoso J, Jakob E, Skugor S. "Limiting access to iron decreases infection of Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cells with bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis". BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:155. [PMID: 33849522 PMCID: PMC8043062 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebrate hosts limit the availability of iron to microbial pathogens in order to nutritionally starve the invaders. The impact of iron deficiency induced by the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) was investigated in Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cells infected with the facultative intracellular bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis. RESULTS Effects of the DFO treatment and P. salmonis on SHK-1 cells were gaged by assessing cytopathic effects, bacterial load and activity, and gene expression profiles of eight immune biomarkers at 4- and 7-days post infection (dpi) in the control group, groups receiving single treatments (DFO or P. salmonis) and their combination. The chelator appears to be well-tolerated by host cells, while it had a negative impact on the number of bacterial cells and associated cytotoxicity. DFO alone had minor effects on gene expression of SHK-1 cells, including an early activation of IL-1β at 4 dpi. In contrast to few moderate changes induced by single treatments (either infection or chelator), most genes had highest upregulation in the infected groups receiving DFO. The mildest induction of hepcidin-1 (antimicrobial peptide precursor and regulator of iron homeostasis) was observed in cells exposed to DFO alone, followed by P. salmonis infected cells while the addition of DFO to infected cells further increased the mRNA abundance of this gene. Transcripts encoding TNF-α (immune signaling) and iNOS (immune effector) showed sustained increase at both time points in this group while cathelicidin-1 (immune effector) and IL-8 (immune signaling) were upregulated at 7 dpi. The stimulation of protective gene responses seen in infected cultures supplemented with DFO coincided with the reduction of bacterial load and activity (judged by the expression of P. salmonis 16S rRNA), and damage to cultured host cells. CONCLUSION The absence of immune gene activation under normal iron conditions suggests modulation of host responses by P. salmonis. The negative effect of iron deficiency on bacteria likely allowed host cells to respond in a more protective manner to the infection, further decreasing its progression. Presented findings encourage in vivo exploration of iron chelators as a promising strategy against piscirickettsiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Díaz
- Cargill Innovation Centre, Camino a Pargua km 57, Colaco km 5, Calbuco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - José Troncoso
- Cargill Innovation Centre, Camino a Pargua km 57, Colaco km 5, Calbuco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Eva Jakob
- Cargill Innovation Centre, Camino a Pargua km 57, Colaco km 5, Calbuco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Stanko Skugor
- Cargill Innovation Centre, Dirdalsstranda 51, 4335, Dirdal, Norway.
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Chen J, Jiang W, Xu YW, Chen RY, Xu Q. Sequence analysis of hepcidin in barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo): QSHLS motif confers hepcidin iron-regulatory activity but limits its antibacterial activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103845. [PMID: 32888968 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish hepcidin genes are generally classified into two groups: hamp1-and hamp2-type isoforms. Hamp1-type hepcidin exhibits iron regulatory and antimicrobial activity, while hamp2-type shows a unique role in the immune response against various pathogens. An iron-regulatory motif exists at the N-terminus of hamp1-type hepcidin; however, the functional effect of this motif in fish is not well understood. Here, cDNA of the barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo) hepcidin gene was cloned and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence comprised a signal peptide, a prodomain, and a mature peptide. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that barbel steed hepcidin belongs to the fish HAMP1 cluster and is closely related to Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) hepcidin. Barbel steed hepcidin is constitutively expressed in healthy fish tissues, predominantly in the liver. Following iron dextran treatment or Aeromonas hydrophila infection, expression of barbel steed hepcidin increased significantly in tested tissues. In vivo administration of intact hepcidin mature peptide (hep25) significantly and dose-dependently reduced ferroportin 1 expression, while truncated hepcidin mature peptide (hep20) lacking a QSHLS motif had no such effect. In vitro treatment of barbel steed monocytes/macrophages with hep25, but not hep20, increased the labile iron pool levels. Hep25 and hep20 conferred antibacterial activity only against A. hydrophila and Vibrio vulnificus, with greater activity of the latter at low concentrations. Neither hep25 nor hep20 impaired the cell membrane integrity of A. hydrophila, but could hydrolyze its genomic DNA; lack of a QSHLS motif enables hep20 to have a better hydrolytic effect. In summary, we identified an iron-regulatory motif in a fish species and demonstrated that this motif confers hamp1-type hepcidin iron-regulatory activity, but attenuates its antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Ya-Wen Xu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Ru-Yi Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
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Martínez DP, Sousa C, Oyarzún R, Pontigo JP, Canario AVM, Power DM, Vargas-Chacoff L, Guerreiro PM. LPS Modulates the Expression of Iron-Related Immune Genes in Two Antarctic Notothenoids. Front Physiol 2020; 11:102. [PMID: 32116802 PMCID: PMC7033475 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-specific immunity can induce iron deprivation as a defense mechanism against potential bacterial pathogens, but little information is available as to its role in Antarctic fish. In this study the response of iron metabolism related genes was evaluated in liver and head kidney of the Antarctic notothenoids Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii 7 days after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Average plasma Fe2+ concentration was unaffected by treatment in any of the species. The gene expression response to LPS varied between tissues and species, being stronger in N. coriiceps and more prominent in the head kidney than liver. The reaction to LPS was marked by increased individual variability in most genes analyzed, even when the change in expression was not statistically significant, suggesting different individual sensitivity and coping responses in these wild fish. We found that iron related genes had an attenuated and homogenous response to LPS but there was no detectable relationship between plasma Fe2+ and gene expression. However, overall in both tissues and species LPS exposure set a multilevel response that concur to promote intracellular accumulation of iron, an indication that Antarctic Notothenoids use innate nutritional immunity as a resistance mechanism against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danixa Pamela Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carmen Sousa
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Escuela de Graduados, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Pontigo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Deborah Mary Power
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Wang X, Liu H, Pang M, Fu B, Yu X, He S, Tong J. Construction of a high-density genetic linkage map and mapping of quantitative trait loci for growth-related traits in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Sci Rep 2019; 9:17506. [PMID: 31767872 PMCID: PMC6877629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density genetic map and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping are powerful tools for identifying genomic regions that may be responsible for such polygenic trait as growth. A high-density genetic linkage map was constructed by sequencing 198 individuals in a F1 family of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in this study. This genetic map spans a length of 2,721.07 cM with 3,134 SNPs distributed on 24 linkage groups (LGs). Comparative genomic mapping presented a high level of syntenic relationship between silver carp and zebrafish. We detected one major and nineteen suggestive QTL for 4 growth-related traits (body length, body height, head length and body weight) at 6, 12 and 18 months post hatch (mph), explaining 10.2~19.5% of phenotypic variation. All six QTL for growth traits of 12 mph generally overlapped with QTL for 6 mph, while the majority of QTL for 18 mph were identified on two additional LGs, which may reveal a different genetic modulation during early and late muscle growth stages. Four potential candidate genes were identified from the QTL regions by homology searching of marker sequences against zebrafish genome. Hepcidin, a potential candidate gene identified from a QTL interval on LG16, was significantly associated with growth traits in the analyses of both phenotype-SNP association and mRNA expression between small-size and large-size groups of silver carp. These results provide a basis for elucidating the genetic mechanisms for growth and body formation in silver carp, a world aquaculture fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Meixia Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Beide Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaomu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shunping He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jingou Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Dezfuli BS, Manera M, DePasquale JA, Pironi F, Giari L. Liver of the fish Gymnotus inaequilabiatus and nematode larvae infection: Histochemical features and expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1765-1774. [PMID: 28493503 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological lesions due to third-larval stage of nematode Brevimulticaecum sp. within the liver of a subpopulation of 31 Gymnotus inaequilabiatus from the Pantanal Region (Brazil) were studied with histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. In 93.5% of fish, livers harboured nematode larvae and the intensity of infection ranged from 8 to 293. In livers with highest number of larvae, the hepatic tissue was occupied primarily by the nematodes. Each larva was encircled by focal inflammatory granulomatous reaction. Within the thickness of the granuloma, three concentric layers were recognized: an inner layer of densely packed epithelioid cells, a middle layer of mast cells (MCs) entrapped in a thin fibroblast-connective mesh and an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue with fibroblasts. Epithelioid cells and fibroblasts within the thickness of the granuloma wall were positive for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Moreover, several hepatocytes in infected liver were immunoreactive to PCNA. Occurrence of rodlet cells and MCs in parenchyma, in close proximity to the encysted nematode larvae and near the blood vessel of infected liver, was observed. Macrophage aggregates (MAs) were numerous within the granulomas and scattered in parenchyma of the infected liver. High quantity of haemosiderin was encountered in MAs and hepatocytes of infected liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - F Pironi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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High-Throughput Identification of Antimicrobial Peptides from Amphibious Mudskippers. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110364. [PMID: 29165344 PMCID: PMC5706053 DOI: 10.3390/md15110364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread existence of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been reported in various animals with comprehensive biological activities, which is consistent with the important roles of AMPs as the first line of host defense system. However, no big-data-based analysis on AMPs from any fish species is available. In this study, we identified 507 AMP transcripts on the basis of our previously reported genomes and transcriptomes of two representative amphibious mudskippers, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (BP) and Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus (PM). The former is predominantly aquatic with less time out of water, while the latter is primarily terrestrial with extended periods of time on land. Within these identified AMPs, 449 sequences are novel; 15 were reported in BP previously; 48 are identically overlapped between BP and PM; 94 were validated by mass spectrometry. Moreover, most AMPs presented differential tissue transcription patterns in the two mudskippers. Interestingly, we discovered two AMPs, hemoglobin β1 and amylin, with high inhibitions on Micrococcus luteus. In conclusion, our high-throughput screening strategy based on genomic and transcriptomic data opens an efficient pathway to discover new antimicrobial peptides for ongoing development of marine drugs.
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12
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Hamp1 but not Hamp2 regulates ferroportin in fish with two functionally distinct hepcidin types. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14793. [PMID: 29093559 PMCID: PMC5665920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a small cysteine rich peptide that regulates the sole known cellular iron exporter, ferroportin, effectively controlling iron metabolism. Contrary to humans, where a single hepcidin exists, many fish have two functionally distinct hepcidin types, despite having a single ferroportin gene. This raises the question of whether ferroportin is similarly regulated by the iron regulator Hamp1 and the antimicrobial Hamp2. In sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), iron overload prompted a downregulation of ferroportin, associated with an upregulation of hamp1, whereas an opposite response was observed during anemia, with no changes in hamp2 in either situation. During infection, ferroportin expression decreased, indicating iron withholding to avoid microbial proliferation. In vivo administration of Hamp1 but not Hamp2 synthetic peptides caused significant reduction in ferroportin expression, indicating that in teleost fish with two hepcidin types, ferroportin activity is mediated through the iron-regulator Hamp1, and not through the dedicated antimicrobial Hamp2. Additionally, in vitro treatment of mouse macrophages with fish Hamp1 but not Hamp2 caused a decrease in ferroportin levels. These results raise questions on the evolution of hepcidin and ferroportin functional partnership and open new possibilities for the pharmaceutical use of selected fish Hamp2 hepcidins during infections, with no impact on iron homeostasis.
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13
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Liu Y, Han X, Chen X, Yu S, Chai Y, Zhai T, Zhu Q. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of the hepcidin gene from roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:349-358. [PMID: 28743631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is a kind of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide that plays a vital role in host innate immune activity and iron regulation. Here, we report the molecular characterization and functional analysis of a novel hamp1 hepcidin isoforms Tf-Hep from roughskin sculpin, Trachidermus fasciatus. A cDNA fragment of 988 bp with an ORF of 273 bp was obtained. The coding sequence encodes for a signal peptide of 24 amino acids coupled with a prodomain of 40 amino acids and a mature peptide of 26 amino acids. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that Tf-Hep was most abundant in the liver. It could be significantly induced post lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and heavy metal exposure. The mature peptide was expressed as a 6.061 kDa fusion protein in Pichia pastoris GS115. The active purified recombinant protein (rTf-Hep) exhibited a wide spectrum of potent antimicrobial activity in vitro against 4 Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Vibrio Anguillarum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 4 Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus megaterium with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 5-80 μg/ml (0.825-13.2 μM). It also displayed high affinity to polysaccharides on bacteria surface including LPS, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN). We further revealed that rTf-hep was capable of agglutinating 6 of the 8 bacteria. All these results suggest that rTf-hep may be both an antibacterial effector and a pattern recognition molecule in fish immune defense. The in vivo bacterial treatment results demonstrated that rTf-Hep could significantly improve the survival rate of fish infected with V. anguillarum. Taken together, these data indicate an important role for Tf-hep in the innate immunity of Trachidermus fasciatus and suggest its potential application in aquaculture for increasing fish resistance to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xiaodi Han
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xuezhao Chen
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yingmei Chai
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Tongjie Zhai
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China.
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14
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Rożyński M, Kapusta A, Demska-Zakęś K, Hopko M, Sikora A, Zakęś Z. The effects of surgically implanted dummy tags on the survival, growth performance, and physiology of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:999-1010. [PMID: 28160132 PMCID: PMC5519655 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the impact of surgically implanted telemetry transmitters (TTs) on the growth, survival, hematological and biochemical indexes, and wound healing in juvenile pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) (body weight 60-90 g). Two incision suturing methods were used-silk sutures (experiment I-group ST) or tissue adhesive (experiment II-group GT). After tagging, the fish were held in a recirculating system for 35 days. No statistically significant differences were noted in the growth or condition indexes analyzed among the fish tagged with TT compared with those from the control groups (untagged). Substantial individual variability was noted, however, in the parameters examined in both the control and tagged groups. Among the hematological indexes, statistically significant differences were only noted in experiment I. Lower values of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were noted in group ST. Among the biochemical parameters, creatinine was statistically significantly threefold lower, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were lower, and ammonia levels were higher in group ST than in the control group. In experiment II, significant differences were only noted for ALP. Tissue adhesive was the superior and more effective method for closing the incision after TT implantation in juvenile pikeperch. This type of suturing facilitated faster healing, and it had less of an impact on juvenile pikeperch welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Rożyński
- Department of Aquaculture, The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Kapusta
- Department of Hydrobiology, The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krystyna Demska-Zakęś
- Department of Ichthyology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-959, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marek Hopko
- Department of Aquaculture, The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sikora
- Department of Ichthyology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-959, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Zakęś
- Department of Aquaculture, The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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