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Slettemeås JS, Sekse C, Sunde M, Norström M, Wester AL, Naseer U, Simonsen GS, Ulstad CR, Urdahl AM, Lagesen K. Comparative genomics of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from broilers and humans in Norway. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:248. [PMID: 38971718 PMCID: PMC11227169 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usage of fluoroquinolones in Norwegian livestock production is very low, including in broiler production. Historically, quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) isolated from Norwegian production animals rarely occur. However, with the introduction of a selective screening method for QREC in the Norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary sector in 2014; 89.5% of broiler caecal samples and 70.7% of broiler meat samples were positive. This triggered the concern if there could be possible links between broiler and human reservoirs of QREC. We are addressing this by characterizing genomes of QREC from humans (healthy carriers and patients) and broiler isolates (meat and caecum). RESULTS The most frequent mechanism for quinolone resistance in both broiler and human E. coli isolates were mutations in the chromosomally located gyrA and parC genes, although plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was also identified. There was some relatedness of the isolates within human and broiler groups, but little between these two groups. Further, some overlap was seen for isolates with the same sequence type isolated from broiler and humans, but overall, the SNP distance was high. CONCLUSION Based on data from this study, QREC from broiler makes a limited contribution to the incidence of QREC in humans in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Sekse
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
| | - Marianne Sunde
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
| | | | - Astrid Louise Wester
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo, 0403, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Umaer Naseer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo, 0403, Norway
| | - Gunnar Skov Simonsen
- University Hospital of North Norway, Breivika, Tromsø, 9038, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Karin Lagesen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
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Yescas-Zazueta V, Rocha-Gracia RDC, González-Bonilla CR, Ayala-Zavala JF, Enciso-Martínez Y, Carreón-León EA, González Corona BA, Valencia D, Ballesteros-Monrreal MG, Barrios-Villa E. Resistance phenotype and virulence potential of Leclercia adecarboxylata strains isolated from different sources. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001457. [PMID: 38661713 PMCID: PMC11084626 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Leclercia adecarboxylata is a member of Enterobacterales, often considered an opportunistic pathogen. Recent reports have highlighted L. adecarboxylata as an emerging pathogen harbouring virulence and resistance determinants.Gap statement. Little information exists on virulence and resistance determinants in L. adecarboxylata strains isolated from environmental, food, and clinical samples.Aim. To determine the presence of resistance and virulence determinants and plasmid features in L. adecarboxylata strains isolated from environmental, food, and clinical samples, as well as their phylogenetic relationship.Results. All strains tested showed resistance to β-lactams and quinolones but were sensitive to aminoglycosides and nitrofurans. However, even though fosfomycin resistance is considered a characteristic trait of L. adecarboxylata, the resistance phenotype was only observed in 50 % of the strains; bla TEM was the most prevalent BLEE gene (70 %), while the quinolone qnrB gene was observed in 60 % of the strains. Virulence genes were differentially observed in the strains, with adhesion-related genes being the most abundant, followed by toxin genes. Finally, all strains carried one to seven plasmid bands ranging from 7 to 125 kbps and harboured several plasmid addiction systems, such as ParDE, VagCD, and CcdAB in 80 % of the strains.Conclusions. L. adecarboxylata is an important emerging pathogen that may harbour resistance and virulence genes. Additionally, it has mobilizable genetic elements that may contribute to the dissemination of genetic determinants to other bacterial genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Yescas-Zazueta
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rosa del Carmen Rocha-Gracia
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio S/N, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Cesar R. González-Bonilla
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio S/N, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - J. Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., 83304 Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Yessica Enciso-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., 83304 Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Eder A. Carreón-León
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Circuito Universitario Campus 1, 31310 Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Brigitte A. González Corona
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Circuito Universitario Campus 1, 31310 Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Dora Valencia
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Manuel G. Ballesteros-Monrreal
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Edwin Barrios-Villa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio S/N, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
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The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2021-2022. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8583. [PMID: 38419967 PMCID: PMC10900121 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This report by the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control, provides an overview of the main findings of the 2021-2022 harmonised Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) monitoring in Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli from humans and food-producing animals (broilers, laying hens and fattening turkeys, fattening pigs and cattle under one year of age) and relevant meat thereof. For animals and meat thereof, AMR data on indicator commensal Escherichia coli, presumptive extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-/AmpC beta-lactamases (AmpC)-/carbapenemase (CP)-producing E. coli, and the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are also analysed. Generally, resistance levels differed greatly between reporting countries and antimicrobials. Resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was frequently found in Salmonella and Campylobacter isolates from humans and animals. In humans, increasing trends in resistance to one of two critically antimicrobials (CIA) for treatment was observed in poultry-associated Salmonella serovars and Campylobacter, in at least half of the reporting countries. Combined resistance to CIA was however observed at low levels except in some Salmonella serovars and in C. coli from humans and animals in some countries. While CP-producing Salmonella isolates were not detected in animals in 2021-2022, nor in 2021 for human cases, in 2022 five human cases of CP-producing Salmonella were reported (four harbouring bla OXA-48 or bla OXA-48-like genes). The reporting of a number of CP-producing E. coli isolates (harbouring bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla NDM-5 and bla VIM-1 genes) in fattening pigs, cattle under 1 year of age, poultry and meat thereof by a limited number of MSs (5) in 2021 and 2022, requires a thorough follow-up. The temporal trend analyses in both key outcome indicators (rate of complete susceptibility and prevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-producers in E. coli) showed an encouraging progress in reducing AMR in food-producing animals in several EU MSs over the last 7 years.
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Mo SS, Fiskebeck EZ, Slettemeås JS, Lagesen K, Nilsson O, Naseer U, Jørgensen SB, Thorsteinsdottir TR, Sunde M. Escherichia coli multilocus sequence type 38 from humans and broiler production represent distinct monophyletic groups. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1173287. [PMID: 37266008 PMCID: PMC10231635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1173287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli belonging to multilocus sequence type 38 (ST38) is a well-known cause of extra-intestinal infections in humans, and are frequently associated with resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Resistance to carbapenems, mediated by blaOXA-genes has also been reported in this ST. Recently, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) released a rapid risk assessment on the increased detection of OXA-244 producing E. coli ST38 in humans, requesting further knowledge to determine the source. ST38 is also one of the most common STs among ESC-resistant E. coli from broiler production. Our aim was to investigate the genetic characteristics and relationship between E. coli ST38 from broiler production and humans, and to investigate if there has been a potential spillover between these sources. A total of 288 E. coli ST38 genomes isolated from humans in Europe (collected 2009-2019) and from Nordic broiler production (collected 2011-2014) were analyzed. The results showed distinct monophyletic clades associated to humans and broiler production. Furthermore, there were differences in the ESC resistance genes present in E. coli ST38 from the two sources. The blaOXA-244 gene was not present in E. coli from broiler production. Our results show that ST38 from humans and broiler production belong to well-separated clades, and suggest that the increased detection of OXA-244-producing E. coli ST38 in humans is not associated with spillover from broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Sølverød Mo
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Eve Zeyl Fiskebeck
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Jannice Schau Slettemeås
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Karin Lagesen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Oskar Nilsson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Umaer Naseer
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Bakken Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department for Laboratory Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | | | - Marianne Sunde
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
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De Koster S, Ringenier M, Xavier BB, Lammens C, De Coninck D, De Bruyne K, Mensaert K, Kluytmans-van den Bergh M, Kluytmans J, Dewulf J, Goossens H. Genetic characterization of ESBL-producing and ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli from Belgian broilers and pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1150470. [PMID: 37089550 PMCID: PMC10116946 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1150470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe increasing number of infections caused by Escherichia coli resistant to clinically important antibiotics is a global concern for human and animal health. High overall levels of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and ciprofloxacin-resistant (ciproR) Escherichia coli in livestock are reported in Belgium. This cross-sectional study aimed to genotypically characterize and trace ESBL-and ciproR-E. coli of Belgian food-producing animals.MethodsA total of 798 fecal samples were collected in a stratified-random sampling design from Belgian broilers and sows. Consequently, 77 ESBL-E. coli and 84 ciproR-E. coli were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins were determined. Molecular in silico typing, resistance and virulence gene determination, and plasmid identification was performed. Scaffolds harboring ESBL or plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were analyzed to detect mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and plasmid origins. Core genome allelic distances were used to determine genetic relationships among isolates.ResultsA variety of E. coli sequence types (ST) (n = 63), resistance genes and virulence profiles was detected. ST10 was the most frequently encountered ST (8.1%, n = 13). The pandemic multidrug-resistant clone ST131 was not detected. Most farms harbored more than one ESBL type, with blaCTX-M-1 (41.6% of ESBL-E. coli) being the most prevalent and blaCTX M-15 (n = 3) being the least prevalent. PMQR genes (15.5%, n = 13) played a limited role in the occurrence of ciproR-E. coli. More importantly, sequential acquisition of mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of gyrA and parC led to increasing MICs for fluoroquinolones. GyrA S83L, D87N and ParC S80I mutations were strongly associated with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance. Genetically related isolates identified within the farms or among different farms highlight transmission of resistant E. coli or the presence of a common reservoir. IncI1-I(alpha) replicon type plasmids carried different ESBL genes (blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-32 and blaTEM-52C). In addition, the detection of plasmid replicons with associated insertion sequence (IS) elements and ESBL/PMQR genes in different farms and among several STs (e.g., IncI1-I(alpha)/IncX3) underline that plasmid transmission could be another important contributor to transmission of resistance in these farms.ConclusionOur findings reveal a multifaceted narrative of transmission pathways. These findings could be relevant in understanding and battling the problem of antibiotic resistance in farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien De Koster
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Moniek Ringenier
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Basil Britto Xavier
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- HIV/STI Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Hospital Outbreak Support Team-HOST, ZNA Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium
- Hospital Outbreak Support Team-HOST, GZA Ziekenhuizen, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christine Lammens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Marjolein Kluytmans-van den Bergh
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, CG Utrecht, Netherlands
- Amphia Academy Infectious Disease Foundation, Amphia Hospital, CK Breda, Netherlands
| | - Jan Kluytmans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, CG Utrecht, Netherlands
- Microvida Laboratory for Microbiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dewulf
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Herman Goossens,
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Buberg ML, Wasteson Y, Lindstedt BA, Witsø IL. In vitro digestion of ESC-resistant Escherichia coli from poultry meat and evaluation of human health risk. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1050143. [PMID: 36846779 PMCID: PMC9947789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a threat against human and animal health. Third and fourth generation cephalosporins have been defined as critically important antimicrobials by The World Health Organization. Exposure to Extended spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli may result in consumers becoming carriers if these bacteria colonize the human gut or their resistance genes spread to other bacteria in the gut microbiota. In the case that these resistant bacteria at later occasions cause disease, their resistance characteristics may lead to failure of treatment and increased mortality. We hypothesized that ESC-resistant E. coli from poultry can survive digestion and thereby cause infections and/or spread their respective resistance traits within the gastro-intestinal tract. Methods In this study, a selection of 31 ESC-resistant E. coli isolates from retail chicken meat was exposed to a static in vitro digestion model (INFOGEST). Their survival, alteration of colonizing characteristics in addition to conjugational abilities were investigated before and after digestion. Whole genome data from all isolates were screened through a custom-made virulence database of over 1100 genes for virulence- and colonizing factors. Results and discussion All isolates were able to survive digestion. Most of the isolates (24/31) were able to transfer their bla CMY2-containing plasmid to E. coli DH5-á, with a general decline in conjugation frequency of digested isolates compared to non-digested. Overall, the isolates showed a higher degree of cell adhesion than cell invasion, with a slight increase after digestion compared non-digested, except for three isolates that displayed a major increase of invasion. These isolates also harbored genes facilitating invasion. In the virulence-associated gene analysis two isolates were categorized as UPEC, and one isolate was considered a hybrid pathogen. Altogether the pathogenic potential of these isolates is highly dependent on the individual isolate and its characteristics. Poultry meat may represent a reservoir and be a vehicle for dissemination of potential human pathogens and resistance determinants, and the ESC-resistance may complicate treatment in the case of an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Linn Buberg
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Bjørn Arne Lindstedt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ingun Lund Witsø
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway,*Correspondence: Ingun Lund Witsø ✉
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Mo SS, Norström M, Slettemeås JS, Urdahl AM, Telke AA, Sunde M. Longitudinal Sampling Reveals Persistence of and Genetic Diversity in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli From Norwegian Broiler Production. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:795127. [PMID: 34956163 PMCID: PMC8702822 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.795127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are knowledge gaps concerning dynamics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Escherichia coli and their plasmids in broiler production and the persistence of strains on broiler farms. Thus, we aimed at characterising ESC-resistant Escherichia coli collected from all flocks reared on 10 different farms during a six-months sampling period. All isolates (n = 43) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, and a subset of isolates (n = 7) were also sequenced using oxford nanopore technology and subsequent hybrid assembly in order to do in-depth characterisation of the ESC resistance plasmids. The 43 isolates belonged to 11 different sequence types, and three different ESC resistance gene/plasmid combinations were present, namely, IncK2/blaCMY-2 (n = 29), IncI1/blaCMY-2 (n = 6) and IncI1/blaCTX-M-1 (n = 8). ESC-resistant E. coli of different STs and with different ESC resistance gene/plasmid combinations could be present on the same farm, while a single ST and ESC resistance gene/plasmid displaying zero or few SNP differences were present on other farms. In-depth characterisation of IncK2/blaCMY-2 plasmids revealed that at least two distinct variants circulate in the broiler production. These plasmids showed close homology to previously published plasmids from other countries. Our longitudinal study show that ESC-resistant E. coli belong to a multitude of different STs and that different ESC resistance genes and plasmids occur. However, there is also indication of persistence of both ESC-resistant E. coli strains and IncK2/blaCMY-2 plasmids on farms. Further studies are warranted to determine the dynamics of strains, plasmids and ESC resistance genes within single broiler flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Sølverød Mo
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Madelaine Norström
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Epidemiology, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannice Schau Slettemeås
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Margrete Urdahl
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amar Anandrao Telke
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Sunde
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Benameur Q, Gervasi T, Giarratana F, Vitale M, Anzà D, La Camera E, Nostro A, Cicero N, Marino A. Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Production of Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Broiler Chickens in Western Algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101157. [PMID: 34680738 PMCID: PMC8532970 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the virulence, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm production of Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy broiler chickens in Western Algeria. E. coli strains (n = 18) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Susceptibility to 10 antibiotics was determined by standard methods. Virulence and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were detected by PCR. The biofilm production was evaluated by microplate assay. All the isolates were negative for the major virulence/toxin genes tested (rfbE, fliC, eaeA, stx1), except one was stx2-positive. However, all were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Ten strains were ESBL-positive. Seven carried the β-lactamase blaTEM gene only and two co-harbored blaTEM and blaCTX-M-1 genes. One carried the blaSHV gene. Among the seven strains harboring blaTEM only, six had putative enteroaggregative genes. Two contained irp2, two contained both irp2 and astA, one contained astA and another contained aggR, astA and irp2 genes. All isolates carrying ESBL genes were non-biofilm producers, except one weak producer. The ESBL-negative isolates were moderate biofilm producers and, among them, two harbored astA, two irp2, and one aggR, astA and irp2 genes. This study highlights the spread of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains from healthy broiler chickens in Western Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qada Benameur
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria;
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-2870
| | - Filippo Giarratana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “Adelmo Mirri”, 90141 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (D.A.)
| | - Davide Anzà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “Adelmo Mirri”, 90141 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (D.A.)
| | - Erminia La Camera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.M.)
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Velhner M, Todorović D, Novović K, Jovčić B, Lazić G, Kojić M, Kehrenberg C. Characterization of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) present in the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:199-209. [PMID: 34142260 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite common resistance to antimicrobials in Escherichia coli isolates from farm animals in Serbia, no data are currently accessible on its occurrence in E. coli isolated from gulls. Therefore, 67 cloacal swabs and 70 fecal samples from black-headed gulls were investigated for the presence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates. Ninety-nine isolates were obtained during the study. Resistotyping and resistance gene typing has shown that 44 isolates harbor resistance to one or more antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was detected in 24 E. coli isolates. Ten isolates were resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotics and were studied in detail including virulence gene typing, phylogenetic and multilocus sequence typing, and mating. These ten isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups B2 (five isolates), D (four isolates) and B1 (one isolate). Five different sequence types (ST38, ST2307, ST224, ST162 and ST34) were detected in E. coli isolates with AmpC phenotype and genotype. One isolate carried the Inc I2/FIB replicon type plasmid with the blaCTX-M-1 gene. Nine isolates had blaCMY-2 genes, which were detected on conjugative plasmids in seven isolates. The virulence genes hly, iroN, iss, ompT and cvaC were detected in one transconjugant. Ten isolates were found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin, whose MIC ranged from 4 to 32 mg/L. Genotyping revealed single or double mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA or gyrA, parC and parE genes, respectively. So, Black-headed gulls from Serbia may be colonized by multidrug-resistant E. coli, some of which are resistant to critically important antibiotics in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Velhner
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | | | - Katarina Novović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Jovčić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gospava Lazić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institut Für Tierärztliche Nahrungsmittelkunde, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
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10
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Ajayi AO, Perry B, Yost CK, Jamieson R, Truelstrup Hansen L, Rahube T. Comparative Genomic Analyses of the β-lactamase (blaCMY-42) Encoding Plasmids Isolated from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Canada. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:737-748. [PMID: 34077692 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants are useful environments for investigating the occurrence, diversity, and evolution of plasmids encoding clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes. Our objective was to isolate and sequence plasmids encoding meropenem resistance from bacterial hosts within Canadian WWTPs. We used two enrichment culture approaches for primary plasmid isolation, followed by screening of antibiotic resistance, conjugative mobility, and stability in enteric bacteria. Isolated plasmids were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and Sanger sequencing methods. Bioinformatics analyses resolved a multi-resistance IncF/MOBF12 plasmid, pFEMG (209,357 bp), harbouring resistance genes to beta-lactam (blaCMY-42, blaTEM-1β, and blaNDM-5), macrolide (mphA-mrx-mphR), tetracycline (tetR-tetB-tetC-tetD), trimethoprim (dfrA12), aminoglycoside (aadA2), and sulfonamide (sul1) antibiotic classes. We also isolated an IncI1/MOBP12 plasmid pPIMR (172,280 bp), carrying similar beta-lactamase and a small multidrug efflux resistance gene cluster (blaCMY-42-blc-sugE) to pFEMG. The co-occurrence of different ARGs within a single 24,552 bp cluster in pFEMG - intersperced with transposons, insertion sequence elements, and a class 1 integron - maybe of significant interest to human and veterinary medicine. Additionally, the presence of conjugative and plasmid maintenance genes in the studied plasmids corresponds to the observed high conjugative transfer frequencies and stable maintenance. Extensive investigation is required to further understand the fitness trade offs of plasmids having differing types of conjugative transfer and maintenance modules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Perry
- University of Regina, 6846, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada;
| | | | - Rob Jamieson
- Dalhousie University, 3688, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;
| | - Lisbeth Truelstrup Hansen
- Dalhousie University, 3688, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Halifax, Canada.,Technical University of Denmark, 5205, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Teddie Rahube
- University of Regina, 6846, Biology Department, Regina, Canada, S4S 0A2.,Botswana International University of Science and Technology, 357305, Biology Department, Palapye, Botswana;
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11
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Buberg ML, Mo SS, Sekse C, Sunde M, Wasteson Y, Witsø IL. Population structure and uropathogenic potential of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from retail chicken meat. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:94. [PMID: 33781204 PMCID: PMC8008618 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food-producing animals and their products are considered a source for human acquisition of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, and poultry are suggested to be a reservoir for Escherichia coli resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC), a group of antimicrobials used to treat community-onset urinary tract infections in humans. However, the zoonotic potential of ESC-resistant E. coli from poultry and their role as extraintestinal pathogens, including uropathogens, have been debated. The aim of this study was to characterize ESC-resistant E. coli isolated from domestically produced retail chicken meat regarding their population genetic structure, the presence of virulence-associated geno- and phenotypes as well as their carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes, in order to evaluate their uropathogenic potential. Results A collection of 141 ESC-resistant E. coli isolates from retail chicken in the Norwegian monitoring program for antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food, feed and animals (NORM-VET) in 2012, 2014 and 2016 (n = 141) were whole genome sequenced and analyzed. The 141 isolates, all containing the beta-lactamase encoding gene blaCMY-2, were genetically diverse, grouping into 19 different sequence types (STs), and temporal variations in the distribution of STs were observed. Generally, a limited number of virulence-associated genes were identified in the isolates. Eighteen isolates were selected for further analysis of uropathogen-associated virulence traits including expression of type 1 fimbriae, motility, ability to form biofilm, serum resistance, adhesion- and invasion of eukaryotic cells and colicin production. These isolates demonstrated a high diversity in virulence-associated phenotypes suggesting that the uropathogenicity of ESC-resistant E. coli from chicken meat is correspondingly highly variable. For some isolates, there was a discrepancy between the presence of virulence-associated genes and corresponding expected phenotype, suggesting that mutations or regulatory mechanisms could influence their pathogenic potential. Conclusion Our results indicate that the ESC-resistant E. coli from chicken meat have a low uropathogenic potential to humans, which is important knowledge for improvement of future risk assessments of AMR in the food chains. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02160-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Linn Buberg
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Sølverød Mo
- Section for Food safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Sekse
- Section for Food safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Sunde
- Section for Food safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingun Lund Witsø
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Genetic but No Phenotypic Associations between Biocide Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli from German Broiler Fattening Farms. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030651. [PMID: 33801066 PMCID: PMC8003927 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocides are frequently applied as disinfectants in animal husbandry to prevent the transmission of drug-resistant bacteria and to control zoonotic diseases. Concerns have been raised, that their use may contribute to the selection and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Especially, extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli have become a global health threat. In our study, 29 ESBL-/AmpC-producing and 64 NON-ESBL-/AmpC-producing E.coli isolates from three German broiler fattening farms collected in 2016 following regular cleaning and disinfection were phylogenetically characterized by whole genome sequencing, analyzed for phylogenetic distribution of virulence-associated genes, and screened for determinants of and associations between biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance. Of the 30 known and two unknown sequence types detected, ST117 and ST297 were the most common genotypes. These STs are recognized worldwide as pandemic lineages causing disease in humans and poultry. Virulence determinants associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli showed variable phylogenetic distribution patterns. Isolates with reduced biocide susceptibility were rarely found on the tested farms. Nine isolates displayed elevated MICs and/or MBCs of formaldehyde, chlorocresol, peroxyacetic acid, or benzalkonium chloride. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole was most prevalent. The majority of ESBL-/AmpC-producing isolates carried blaCTX-M (55%) or blaCMY-2 (24%) genes. Phenotypic biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance were not interlinked. However, biocide and metal resistance determinants were found on mobile genetic elements together with antibiotic resistance genes raising concerns that biocides used in the food industry may lead to selection pressure for strains carrying acquired resistance determinants to different antimicrobials.
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13
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The Effect of Antimicrobial Resistance Plasmids Carrying blaCMY-2 on Biofilm Formation by Escherichia coli from the Broiler Production Chain. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010104. [PMID: 33466318 PMCID: PMC7824781 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESCR E. coli) with plasmids carrying the blaCMY-2 resistance gene have been isolated from the Norwegian broiler production chain through the Norwegian monitoring program for antimicrobial resistance in animals, food and feed, NORM-VET. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biofilm forming abilities of these strains, and in particular to see whether these might be influenced by the carriage of blaCMY-2 plasmids. The ESCR E. coli from the broiler production chain displayed relatively low biofilm forming abilities in the crystal violet biofilm assay as compared to quinolone-resistant E. coli (QREC) from the same population (mean ± SD = 0.686 ± 0.686 vs. 1.439 ± 0.933, respectively). Acquisition of two different blaCMY-2 plasmids by QREC strains reduced their biofilm production in microtiter plates, but not their biofilm production on Congo Red agar plates. Furthermore, motility was reduced, but not planktonic growth. We hypothesize that genes carried by these plasmids may have caused the observed reduction in biofilm formation, possibly mediated through changes in flagellar expression or function. Furthermore, this may help explain the different biofilm forming abilities observed between ESCR E. coli and QREC. The results also indicate that the risk of biofilm reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant E. coli on in the broiler production is lower for ESCR E. coli than for QREC.
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14
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de Carvalho MPN, Fernandes MR, Sellera FP, Lopes R, Monte DF, Hippólito AG, Milanelo L, Raso TF, Lincopan N. International clones of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (CTX-M)-producing Escherichia coli in peri-urban wild animals, Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1804-1815. [PMID: 32239649 PMCID: PMC7540485 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli clones have been increasingly reported worldwide. In this regard, although discussions of transmission routes of these bacteria are in evidence, molecular data are lacking to elucidate the epidemiological impacts of ESBL producers in wild animals. In this study, we have screened 90 wild animals living in a surrounding area of São Paulo, the largest metropolitan city in South America, to monitor the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Using a genomic approach, we have analysed eight ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli. Resistome analyses revealed that all E. coli strains carried blaCTX-M -type genes, prevalent in human infections, besides other clinically relevant resistance genes to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, phenicols, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, trimethoprim, fosfomycin and quinolones. Additionally, E. coli strains belonged to international sequence types (STs) ST38, ST58, ST212, ST744, ST1158 and ST1251, and carried several virulence-associated genes. Our findings suggest spread and adaptation of international clones of CTX-M-producing E. coli beyond urban settings, including wildlife from shared environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam R. Fernandes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological AnalysisSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Fábio P. Sellera
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ralf Lopes
- Department of MicrobiologyInstituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Daniel F. Monte
- Department of Food and Experimental NutritionFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesFood Research CenterUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Alícia G. Hippólito
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and AnesthesiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)BotucatuBrazil
| | - Liliane Milanelo
- Reception Center for WildlifeEcological Park TietêSão PauloBrazil
| | - Tânia F. Raso
- Department of PathologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological AnalysisSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
- Department of MicrobiologyInstituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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15
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Comparative Genomic Analysis of Third-Generation-Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Harboring the bla CMY-2-Positive IncI1 Group, IncB/O/K/Z, and IncC Plasmids Isolated from Healthy Broilers in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02385-19. [PMID: 32366721 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02385-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The off-label use of third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) during in ovo vaccination or vaccination of newly hatched chicks has been a common practice worldwide. CMY-2-producing Escherichia coli strains have been disseminated in broiler chicken production. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological linkage of bla CMY-2-positive plasmids among broilers both within and outside Japan, because the grandparent stock and parent stock were imported into Japan. We examined the whole-genome sequences of 132 3GC-resistant E. coli isolates collected from healthy broilers during 2002 to 2014. The predominant 3GC resistance gene was bla CMY-2, which was detected in the plasmids of 87 (65.9%) isolates. The main plasmid replicon types were IncI1-Iγ (n = 21; 24.1%), IncI (n = 12; 13.8%), IncB/O/K/Z (n = 28; 32.2%), and IncC (n = 22; 25.3%). Those plasmids were subjected to gene clustering, network analyses, and plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST). The chromosomal DNA of isolates was subjected to MLST and single-nucleotide variant (SNV)-based phylogenetic analysis. MLST and SNV-based phylogenetic analysis revealed high diversity of E. coli isolates. The sequence type 429 (ST429) cluster harboring bla CMY-2-positive IncB/O/K/Z was closely related to isolates from broilers in Germany harboring bla CMY-2-positive IncB/O/K/Z. pST55-IncI, pST12-IncI1-Iγ, and pST3-IncC were prevalent in western Japan. pST12-IncI1-Iγ and pST3-IncC were closely related to plasmids detected in E. coli isolates from chickens in North America, whereas 26 IncB/O/K/Z types were related to those in Europe. These data will be useful to reveal the whole picture of transmission of CMY-2-producing bacteria inside and outside Japan.
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Mo SS, Telke AA, Osei KO, Sekse C, Slettemeås JS, Urdahl AM, Ilag HK, Leangapichart T, Sunde M. bla CTX-M- 1/IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in Escherichia coli From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:333. [PMID: 32194533 PMCID: PMC7066084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli carrying blaCTX–M–1 mediating resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins was recently described as a new genotype in Norwegian broiler production. The aim of this study was to characterize these isolates (n = 31) in order to determine whether the emergence of the genotype was caused by clonal expansion or horizontal dissemination of blaCTX–M–1-carrying plasmids. All included isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Plasmid transferability was determined by conjugation, and plasmid replicons in the transconjugants were described using PCR-based replicon typing. Plasmid sizes were determined using S1 nuclease digestion. Plasmids in a subset of strains were reconstructed and compared to plasmids from broiler production in other European countries. The isolates belonged to nine different sequence types (STs), with the largest group being ST57 (n = 12). The vast majority of blaCTX–M–1-carrying plasmids were conjugative. All transconjugants were positive for the IncI1-Iγ replicon, and several also harbored the IncFIB replicon. Highly similar plasmids were present in different E. coli STs. Additionally, high similarity to previously published plasmids was detected. A reconstructed plasmid from an ST57 isolate harbored both IncI1-Iγ and IncFIB replicons and was considered to be co-integrated. The presence of one large plasmid was confirmed by S1 nuclease digestion. Our results show that dissemination of blaCTX–M–1 in Norwegian broiler production is due to both clonal expansion and horizontal transfer of plasmids carrying blaCTX–M–1. The blaCTX–M–1/IncI1-Iγ plasmids grouped into two main lineages, namely clonal complex (CC)-3 and CC-7. The genetic diversity at both strain and plasmid level indicates multiple introductions to Norway. We also show that the blaCTX–M–1 plasmids circulating in Norwegian broiler production are highly similar to plasmids previously described in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Sølverød Mo
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amar Anandrao Telke
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kingsley Oteng Osei
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Camilla Sekse
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannice Schau Slettemeås
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Margrete Urdahl
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Karin Ilag
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thongpan Leangapichart
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Sunde
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Chiu CH, Lee JJ, Wang MH, Chu C. Genetic analysis and plasmid-mediated bla CMY-2 in Salmonella and Shigella and the Ceftriaxone Susceptibility regulated by the ISEcp-1 tnpA-bla CMY-2-blc-sugE. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:649-657. [PMID: 32169530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontyphoid Salmonella and Shigella can cause gastroenteritis in humans. Ceftriaxone (CRO) has been used to treat their infection, however, development of CRO resistance are often associated with plasmid-mediated blaCMY. Here, we investigated the presence of plasmid-mediated ISEcp-1 tnpA-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE and the role of these genes in regulation of CRO susceptibility in different hosts. METHODS 194 strains of Salmonella serovars and Shigella were tested for CRO susceptibility. Non-susceptibility strains were examined for plasmid-mediated ISEcp-1 tnpA-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE by PCR amplification, Southern blot, and DNA sequencing. The plasmid profiles were determined by HindIII-digested restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Four recombinant plasmids with different genes from ISEcp-1 tnpA-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE were constructed and then were transferred into Escherichia coli and different Salmonella serovars to evaluate the CRO susceptibility. RESULTS Among 20 CRO-nonsusceptible isolates of Salmonella Choleraesuis (5), S. Typhimurium (4), S. Mons (1), S. Stanley (2) and Shigella sonnei (8) with plasmid-mediated blaCMY-2, 19 isolates carried the ISEcp-1 tnpA-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE and only one isolate with tnpA-blaCMY-2. Transformation of these plasmids into E. coli pir116 produced multidrug resistance. Furthermore, PCR-RFLP analysis determined 5 different plasmid profiles and identical RFLP pattern between S. Typhimurium and S. sonnei. Transformation of the recombinant plasmids into E. coli and different Salmonella serovars resulted in phenotypes ranging from susceptible to resistant (especially inducible resistance) to CRO that were dependent on the genes, and host. CONCLUSION The CRO susceptibility associated with the ISEcp-1 tnpA-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE element is regulated positively by ISEcp-1 tnpA and SugE and negatively regulated by Blc and unknown species-dependent host factor(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Jain Lee
- Medical Laboratory Division, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.600, Sec. 2, Shixian Rd., Chiayi City, 60090, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Hui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chishih Chu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC.
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Buberg ML, Witsø IL, L'Abée-Lund TM, Wasteson Y. Zinc and Copper Reduce Conjugative Transfer of Resistance Plasmids from Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:842-849. [PMID: 31951514 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work addresses the effect of excess levels of ZnCl2 and CuSO4 in the growth medium on the conjugative transfer of plasmids carrying the antibiotic resistance gene blaCMY-2 from extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. Norwegian poultry are not treated prophylactically with antibiotics, but still, ESBL-producing E. coli are found in the chicken populations. Chickens receive higher amounts of Zn and Cu than their biological need, and several metals have been shown to act as drivers of antimicrobial resistance. In the present study, ESBL-producing E. coli strains collected from retail chicken meat were mated in broth containing various concentrations of ZnCl2 and CuSO4. Manual counting of transconjugants showed that ZnCl2 and CuSO4 reduced the conjugation frequency between E. coli strains in a concentration-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that the presence of ZnCl2 and CuSO4 in the growth media reduced expression of the conjugation genes traB and nikB. By propagating monocultures over several generations, it was found that the blaCMY-2 plasmids remained stable in the recipient strains. Together the results show that exposure of ESBL-producing E. coli to Zn and Cu reduce horizontal transfer of the blaCMY-2 resistance plasmid by reducing expression of genes involved in conjugation in the plasmid donor strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Linn Buberg
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingun Lund Witsø
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Marie L'Abée-Lund
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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19
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High occurrence of CMY-2-type beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among broiler flocks in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1681-1689. [PMID: 31858371 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the prevalence of ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli and their molecular characterization from cloacal swab samples were investigated. All samples were obtained from broiler flocks that are located in Hatay, Adana, and Mersin provinces of Turkey. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by disk diffusion method following the CLSI criteria. Genetic mechanisms mediating resistance in ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and followed by DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic groups and plasmid replicon types of the isolates were also investigated by PCR. The clonal relationship of selected isolates was investigated by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. Of 430 cloacal swab samples, 154 (35.8%) were positive for ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli. The ESBL/pAmpC type beta-lactamases were as follows: CMY-2 (n = 46), CMY-2 + TEM-1b (n = 63), SHV-12 (n = 5), SHV-12 + TEM-1b (n = 12), CTX-M-3 (n = 14), CTX-M-3 + TEM-1b (n = 1), CTX-M-15 (n = 4), CTX-M-15 + TEM-1b (n = 4), and CTX-M-1 (n = 3). Moreover, various rates of resistance to different antimicrobials were determined such as nalidixic acid (92.9%), ciprofloxacin (76%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (78.6%), tetracycline (73.4%), streptomycin (52.6%), chloramphenicol (44.2%), kanamycin (27.9%), tobramycin (24.7%), gentamicin (19.5%), and amikacin (0.6%). Furthermore, 148 (96.1%) isolates were found to be MDR. The ESBL/pAmpC-producing isolates were distributed into the following phylogroups: E (n = 61), B1 (n = 30), F (n = 20), A (n = 19), B2 (n = 11), D (n = 10), and C (n = 3). ERIC-PCR analysis showed 51 unrelated patterns. Out of the 28 selected isolates, the following sequence types (STs) were detected: ST354 (n = 3), ST114 (n = 3), ST5696 (n = 2), ST156 (n = 2), ST174 (n = 2), ST362 (n = 2), ST157 (n = 2), ST5114 (n = 2), ST6635, ST539, ST457, ST1640, ST95, ST5843, ST1158, ST10, ST648, and ST4248. The results of the current study revealed that broilers in Turkey are important reservoir of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli, which suggest that these agents have a great potential of transmission to humans by food chain or direct contact.
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da Cruz Campos AC, Cavallo FM, Andrade NL, van Dijl JM, Couto N, Zrimec J, Lo Ten Foe JR, Rosa ACP, Damasco PV, Friedrich AW, Chlebowicz-Flissikowska MA, Rossen JWA. Determining the Virulence Properties of Escherichia coli ST131 Containing Bacteriocin-Encoding Plasmids Using Short- and Long-Read Sequencing and Comparing Them with Those of Other E. coli Lineages. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E534. [PMID: 31698849 PMCID: PMC6920910 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli ST131 is a clinical challenge due to its multidrug resistant profile and successful global spread. They are often associated with complicated infections, particularly urinary tract infections (UTIs). Bacteriocins play an important role to outcompete other microorganisms present in the human gut. Here, we characterized bacteriocin-encoding plasmids found in ST131 isolates of patients suffering from a UTI using both short- and long-read sequencing. Colicins Ia, Ib and E1, and microcin V, were identified among plasmids that also contained resistance and virulence genes. To investigate if the potential transmission range of the colicin E1 plasmid is influenced by the presence of a resistance gene, we constructed a strain containing a plasmid which had both the colicin E1 and blaCMY-2 genes. No difference in transmission range was found between transformant and wild-type strains. However, a statistically significantly difference was found in adhesion and invasion ability. Bacteriocin-producing isolates from both ST131 and non-ST131 lineages were able to inhibit the growth of other E. coli isolates, including other ST131. In summary, plasmids harboring bacteriocins give additional advantages for highly virulent and resistant ST131 isolates, improving the ability of these isolates to compete with other microbiota for a niche and thereby increasing the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina da Cruz Campos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil; (A.C.d.C.C.); (N.L.A.); (A.C.P.R.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.M.C.); (J.M.v.D.); (N.C.); (J.R.L.T.F.); (A.W.F.); (M.A.C.-F.)
| | - Francis M. Cavallo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.M.C.); (J.M.v.D.); (N.C.); (J.R.L.T.F.); (A.W.F.); (M.A.C.-F.)
| | - Nathália L. Andrade
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil; (A.C.d.C.C.); (N.L.A.); (A.C.P.R.)
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.M.C.); (J.M.v.D.); (N.C.); (J.R.L.T.F.); (A.W.F.); (M.A.C.-F.)
| | - Natacha Couto
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.M.C.); (J.M.v.D.); (N.C.); (J.R.L.T.F.); (A.W.F.); (M.A.C.-F.)
| | - Jan Zrimec
- Department of biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Chalmersplatsen 4, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Jerome R. Lo Ten Foe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.M.C.); (J.M.v.D.); (N.C.); (J.R.L.T.F.); (A.W.F.); (M.A.C.-F.)
| | - Ana C. P. Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil; (A.C.d.C.C.); (N.L.A.); (A.C.P.R.)
| | - Paulo V. Damasco
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Voluntário da Patria, 21, Rio de Janeiro 941-901107, Brazil;
| | - Alex W. Friedrich
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.M.C.); (J.M.v.D.); (N.C.); (J.R.L.T.F.); (A.W.F.); (M.A.C.-F.)
| | - Monika A. Chlebowicz-Flissikowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.M.C.); (J.M.v.D.); (N.C.); (J.R.L.T.F.); (A.W.F.); (M.A.C.-F.)
| | - John W. A. Rossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.M.C.); (J.M.v.D.); (N.C.); (J.R.L.T.F.); (A.W.F.); (M.A.C.-F.)
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Päivärinta M, Latvio S, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Heikinheimo A. Whole genome sequence analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes, multilocus sequence types and plasmid sequences in ESBL/AmpC Escherichia coli isolated from broiler caecum and meat. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 315:108361. [PMID: 31734617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC gene-carrying Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC E. coli) is an increasing cause of human infections worldwide. Increasing carbapenem and colistin resistance further complicate treatment of these infections. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of ESBL/AmpC E. coli in different broiler flocks and farms, as well as in broiler meat, in a country with no antimicrobial usage in broiler production. An additional goal was to assess the genetic characteristics of ESBL/AmpC E. coli isolates by using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Altogether 520 caecal swabs and 85 vacuum-packed broiler meat samples were investigated at the slaughterhouse level. WGS of the bacterial isolates revealed acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, multilocus sequence types (MLST) and plasmid sequences. ESBL/AmpC E. coli was identified in 92 (18%) of the caecum and 27 (32%) of the meat samples. ESBL/AmpC E. coli-carrying birds derived from six (33%) out of 18 farms. Of the two blaESBL/AmpC genes detected by PCR, blaCMY-2 (96%) was predominant over blaCTX-M-1 (4%). Furthermore, WGS revealed an additional AMR gene sul2. Carbapenemase, colistin, and other AMR genes were not detected from the isolates of either the caecal or meat samples. Altogether seven MLSTs (ST101, ST117, ST212, ST351, ST373, ST1594 and an unknown ST) and a variety of different plasmid sequences (IncB/O/K/Z, IncI1, IncFII, IncII, IncFIB, IncFIC, IncX1 and an additional set of Col-plasmids) were detected. This is the first study on genomic epidemiology of ESBL/AmpC E. coli on broiler farms and flocks with no antimicrobial usage, by using WGS analysis. Results show that ESBL/AmpC E. coli occurrence is common both in the caecum and in the packaged meat. However, compared to other European countries, the occurrence is low and the presence of AMR genes other than blaCMY-2 and blaCTX-M-1 is rare. More studies are needed to understand the ESBL/AmpC E. coli occurrence in broiler production to prevent the meat from contamination during slaughter and processing, thereby also preventing zoonotic transmission of ESBL/AmpC E. coli. Additionally, more studies are needed to understand the ecology and fitness cost of Enterobacteriaceae plasmids in animal production in order to prevent their acquisition of plasmid-encoded antimicrobial resistance genes such as carbapenem and colistin resistance genes, as this would pose a great hazard to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Päivärinta
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - S Latvio
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - M Fredriksson-Ahomaa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - A Heikinheimo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Day MJ, Hopkins KL, Wareham DW, Toleman MA, Elviss N, Randall L, Teale C, Cleary P, Wiuff C, Doumith M, Ellington MJ, Woodford N, Livermore DM. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in human-derived and foodchain-derived samples from England, Wales, and Scotland: an epidemiological surveillance and typing study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 19:1325-1335. [PMID: 31653524 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates (ESBL-E coli) cause more than 5000 cases of bacteraemias annually in the UK. The contribution of the food chain to these infections is debated. We aimed to identify the most important reservoirs of ESBL-E coli that colonise and infect humans to identify strategic intervention points. METHODS Sampling for ESBL-E coli was done between Aug 1, 2013, and Dec 15, 2014. We used selective media to seek ESBL-E coli in routinely submitted samples from human faeces, and prospectively collected samples from sewage, farm slurry, and retail foodstuffs in London, East Anglia, northwest England, Scotland, and Wales. We sequenced recovered isolates and compared these isolates with 293 bloodstream and 83 veterinary surveillance ESBL-E coli isolates from the same regions. FINDINGS 2157 (11%) of 20 243 human faeces samples contained ESBL-E coli, including 678 (17%) of 3995 in London. ESBL-E coli also were frequent in sewage and retail chicken (104 [65%] of 159 meat samples), but were rare in other meats and absent from plant-based foods (0 of 400 fruit and vegetable samples). Sequence type (ST) 131 dominated among ESBL-E coli from human blood (188 [64%] of 293 isolates), faeces (128 [36%] of 360), and sewage (14 [22%] of 65) with STs 38 and 648 also widespread; CTX-M-15 was the predominant ESBL in these lineages (319 [77%] of 416). By contrast, STs 602, 23, and 117-mostly with CTX-M-1 ESBL-dominated among food and veterinary isolates (68 [31%] of 218), with only two ST131 organisms recovered. ST10 occurred in both animals and humans, being frequent in surveillance bovines (11 [22%] of 51 cattle) and representing 15 (4%) of 360 human faecal isolates (but only three [1%] of 293 from bacteraemias); however, both human and animal ST10 isolates were diverse in serotype. INTERPRETATION Most human bacteraemias with ESBL-E coli in the UK involve internationally prevalent human-associated STs, particularly ST131; non-human reservoirs made little contribution to invasive human disease. Any interventions that seek to target food or livestock can affect the numbers of human infections caused by ESBL-E coli; prevention of the spread of resistant lineages among humans is more vital. FUNDING NIHR Policy Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela J Day
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Katie L Hopkins
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - David W Wareham
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | | | - Nicola Elviss
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Michel Doumith
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | - Neil Woodford
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - David M Livermore
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK; University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
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Benameur Q, Tali-Maamar H, Assaous F, Guettou B, Rahal K, Ben-Mahdi MH. Detection of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli in the ovaries of healthy broiler breeders with emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamases producers. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 64:163-167. [PMID: 31174693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli have been detected in newborn chickens suggesting their vertical transmission from breeding birds to their offspring. However, little is known about the presence of AMR E. coli in the reproductive organs of broiler breeders. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of E. coli in the ovaries of healthy broiler breeders and to study their antimicrobial resistance. Samples from broiler breeders (n = 80) collected from 80 different broiler breeder flocks were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of five antimicrobial agents were determined by Etest. PCR and sequencing were used to detect the blaESBL genes. E. coli were detected in the ovaries of thirty seven out of 80 (46.25%) sampled flocks. High levels of resistance to various first-line antimicrobial agents were recorded in E. coli isolates. This study showed that 89.18% of E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Furthermore, MDR extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli were detected in the ovaries of four different broiler breeder flocks. Molecular characterization revealed that three isolates harboured blaCTX-M-1 gene and one isolate expressed blaSHV-12 gene. In addition, one blaCTX-M-1 -producing E. coli co-harboured the blaTEM-1 gene. These findings would contribute to a better epidemiological understanding of MDR E. coli for improve existing preventive strategies in order to reduce the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the broiler production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qada Benameur
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis de Mostaganem, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria; Laboratoire de Recherche « Santé et Production Animale », Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d'El-Harrach, 16000, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Hassiba Tali-Maamar
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farida Assaous
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Badia Guettou
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Kheira Rahal
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriem-Hind Ben-Mahdi
- Laboratoire de Recherche « Santé et Production Animale », Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d'El-Harrach, 16000, Algiers, Algeria; Ecole Supérieure des Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaires, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
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Slettemeås JS, Sunde M, Ulstad CR, Norström M, Wester AL, Urdahl AM. Occurrence and characterization of quinolone resistant Escherichia coli from Norwegian turkey meat and complete sequence of an IncX1 plasmid encoding qnrS1. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212936. [PMID: 30856202 PMCID: PMC6411123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is frequent among Escherichia coli from various food products and animals in several countries. The objective of this study was to characterize quinolone resistant E. coli (QREC) from Norwegian turkey meat regarding resistance profiles, genetic mechanisms for quinolone resistance, genetic relatedness, and to investigate whether PMQR genes were present. In total, 78 QREC were isolated by a selective method from 156 samples throughout 2013. Isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing, characterization of resistance mechanisms, serotyping, phylotyping and multi-locus variable-tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). All 78 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while 77 were also resistant to nalidixic acid. The nalidixic acid sensitive isolate had a resistance profile indicating the presence of a PMQR gene. Both PCR and whole genome sequencing confirmed the presence of a 47 304 kb IncX1 plasmid containing the qnrS1 gene. The mechanism conferring quinolone resistance in the remaining isolates was mediated by mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the chromosomal gyrA gene and for most of the isolates also in the parC gene. Molecular typing by MLVA showed a high degree of genetic diversity, although four clusters dominated. Two clusters contained strains belonging to phylogroup D/serogroup O176, the third contained isolates of phylogroup B1/serogroup O19, whereas the fourth contained isolates of phylogroup B1/non-typeable serogroup. Isolates within the latter cluster had MLVA profiles identical to QREC isolated from day-old imported turkey parent animals investigated in a preliminary study at the Norwegian Veterinary Institute. This finding suggests that QREC obtained from turkey may have been introduced via import of breeding animals to Norway. This is the first time the qnrS1 gene is described from E. coli isolated from Norwegian turkey meat. Compared to available qnrS1 carrying plasmids in Genbank, the current IncX1 plasmid showed high degree of similarity to other IncX1 plasmids containing qnrS1 isolated from both Shigella flexneri and E. coli found in different geographical areas and sources. To conclude, this study showed that mutations in gyrA and parC are the main mechanism conferring quinolone resistance in E. coli isolated from Norwegian turkey meat, and that PMQR has not been widely dispersed throughout the E. coli population in Norwegian turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannice Schau Slettemeås
- Section of Food Safety and Emerging Health Threats, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Sunde
- Section of Food Safety and Emerging Health Threats, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Madelaine Norström
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Louise Wester
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Water and Sanitation Unit, Department for Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Human Health, World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Anne Margrete Urdahl
- Section of Food Safety and Emerging Health Threats, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Kürekci C, Osek J, Aydın M, Tekeli İO, Kurpas M, Wieczorek K, Sakin F. Evaluation of bulk tank raw milk and raw chicken meat samples as source of ESBL producingEscherichia coliin Turkey: Recent insights. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Kürekci
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Jacek Osek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy Poland
| | - Muhsin Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and LettersAdıyaman University Adıyaman Turkey
| | - İbrahim Ozan Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Monika Kurpas
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy Poland
| | - Kinga Wieczorek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy Poland
| | - Fatih Sakin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
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Projahn M, Daehre K, Semmler T, Guenther S, Roesler U, Friese A. Environmental adaptation and vertical dissemination of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli in an integrated broiler production chain in the absence of an antibiotic treatment. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:1017-1026. [PMID: 29345080 PMCID: PMC6196392 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence numbers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-)/plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken and their distribution along the broiler production chain is an ongoing problem in food production. We, therefore, investigated resistant isolates along the broiler production chain to determine whether there is a constantly occurring direct vertical transmission of the ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli from the parent flocks to their offspring or not. We, furthermore, analysed the isolates concerning the occurrence of virulence factors and their ability to form biofilms to estimate their potential to effectively colonize broiler chickens and/or persist and survive in the environment of the broiler production facilities. Using whole genome sequencing, we could show that ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli were likely transferred in a step-wise process along the broiler production chain but not directly from the parent flock to the fattening flock with every single batch of offspring chickens. Additionally, resistant E. coli strains showing an extraintestinal pathogenic genotype as well as high numbers of virulence-associated genes including the production of curli fibres and cellulose have high capabilities to persist and spread in the broiler production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Projahn
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Present address:
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, D‐12277BerlinGermany
| | - Katrin Daehre
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
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Pietsch M, Irrgang A, Roschanski N, Brenner Michael G, Hamprecht A, Rieber H, Käsbohrer A, Schwarz S, Rösler U, Kreienbrock L, Pfeifer Y, Fuchs S, Werner G. Whole genome analyses of CMY-2-producing Escherichia coli isolates from humans, animals and food in Germany. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:601. [PMID: 30092762 PMCID: PMC6085623 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to 3rd-generation cephalosporins in Escherichia coli is mostly mediated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) or AmpC beta-lactamases. Besides overexpression of the species-specific chromosomal ampC gene, acquisition of plasmid-encoded ampC genes, e.g. blaCMY-2, has been described worldwide in E. coli from humans and animals. To investigate a possible transmission of blaCMY-2 along the food production chain, we conducted a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based analysis of 164 CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates from humans, livestock animals and foodstuff from Germany. Results The data of the 164 sequenced isolates revealed 59 different sequence types (STs); the most prevalent ones were ST38 (n = 19), ST131 (n = 16) and ST117 (n = 13). Two STs were present in all reservoirs: ST131 (human n = 8; food n = 2; animal n = 6) and ST38 (human n = 3; animal n = 9; food n = 7). All but one CMY-2-producing ST131 isolates belonged to the clade B (fimH22) that differed substantially from the worldwide dominant CTX-M-15-producing clonal lineage ST131-O25b clade C (fimH30). Plasmid replicon types IncI1 (n = 61) and IncK (n = 72) were identified for the majority of blaCMY-2-carrying plasmids. Plasmid sequence comparisons showed a remarkable sequence identity, especially for IncK plasmids. Associations of replicon types and distinct STs were shown for IncK and ST57, ST429 and ST38 as well as for IncI1 and ST58. Additional β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaSHV) were detected in 50% of the isolates, and twelve E. coli from chicken and retail chicken meat carried the colistin resistance gene mcr-1. Conclusion We found isolates of distinct E. coli clonal lineages (ST131 and ST38) in all three reservoirs. However, a direct clonal relationship of isolates from food animals and humans was only noticeable for a few cases. The CMY-2-producing E. coli-ST131 represents a clonal lineage different from the CTX-M-15-producing ST131-O25b cluster. Apart from the ST-driven spread, plasmid-mediated spread, especially via IncI1 and IncK plasmids, likely plays an important role for emergence and transmission of blaCMY-2 between animals and humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4976-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pietsch
- Robert Koch-Institute, FG 13 Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Burgstr, 37 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Alexandra Irrgang
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Roschanski
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geovana Brenner Michael
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Axel Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heime Rieber
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Stein, Division of Microbiology, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.,Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Uwe Rösler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Institute for Biometrics, Epidemiology and Data Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pfeifer
- Robert Koch-Institute, FG 13 Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Burgstr, 37 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Robert Koch-Institute, FG 13 Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Burgstr, 37 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Robert Koch-Institute, FG 13 Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Burgstr, 37 38855, Wernigerode, Germany.
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What does the fox say? Monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the environment using wild red foxes as an indicator. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198019. [PMID: 29799852 PMCID: PMC5969755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate and compare the occurrence of AMR in wild red foxes in relation to human population densities. Samples from wild red foxes (n = 528) included in the Norwegian monitoring programme on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food, feed and animals were included. All samples were divided into three different groups based on population density in the municipality where the foxes were hunted. Of the 528 samples included, 108 (20.5%), 328 (62.1%) and 92 (17.4%) originated from areas with low, medium and high population density, respectively. A single faecal swab was collected from each fox. All samples were plated out on a selective medium for Enterobacteriaceae for culturing followed by inclusion and susceptibility testing of one randomly selected Escherichia coli to assess the overall occurrence of AMR in the Gram-negative bacterial population. Furthermore, the samples were subjected to selective screening for detection of E. coli displaying resistance towards extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. In addition, a subset of samples (n = 387) were subjected to selective culturing to detect E. coli resistant to carbapenems and colistin, and enterococci resistant to vancomycin. Of these, 98 (25.3%), 200 (51.7%) and 89 (23.0%) originated from areas with low, medium and high population density, respectively. Overall, the occurrence of AMR in indicator E. coli from wild red foxes originating from areas with different human population densities in Norway was low to moderate (8.8%). The total occurrence of AMR was significantly higher; χ2 (1,N = 336) = 6.53, p = 0.01 in areas with high population density compared to areas with medium population density. Similarly, the occurrence of fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli isolated using selective detection methods was low in areas with low population density and more common in areas with medium or high population density. In conclusion, we found indications that occurrence of AMR in wild red foxes in Norway is associated with human population density. Foxes living in urban areas are more likely to be exposed to AMR bacteria and resistance drivers from food waste, garbage, sewage, waste water and consumption of contaminated prey compared to foxes living in remote areas. The homerange of red fox has been shown to be limited thereby the red fox constitutes a good sentinel for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the environment. Continuous monitoring on the occurrence of AMR in different wild species, ecological niches and geographical areas can facilitate an increased understanding of the environmental burden of AMR in the environment. Such information is needed to further assess the impact for humans, and enables implementation of possible control measures for AMR in humans, animals and the environment in a true “One Health” approach.
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Myrenås M, Slettemeås JS, Thorsteinsdottir TR, Bengtsson B, Börjesson S, Nilsson O, Landén A, Sunde M. Clonal spread of Escherichia coli resistant to cephalosporins and quinolones in the Nordic broiler production. Vet Microbiol 2018; 213:123-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Heterogeneous Genetic Location of mcr-1 in Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans and Retail Chicken Meat in Switzerland: Emergence of mcr-1-Carrying IncK2 Plasmids. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01245-17. [PMID: 28848010 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01245-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the genetic environment of mcr-1 in colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated in Switzerland during 2014 to 2016 from humans (n = 3) and chicken meat (n = 6). Whole-genome and plasmid sequencing identified the mcr-1 gene integrated in IncX4 (of which, one strain carried the mcr-1.2 variant), IncI2, IncHI2, and novel IncK2 plasmids (overall, n = 7), as well as in the bacterial chromosome (n = 2) in single or duplicate copies. Our study supports the easy mobilization of mcr-1 across diverse genetic locations.
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Transfer Potential of Plasmids Conferring Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00654-17. [PMID: 28411217 PMCID: PMC5452821 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00654-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) are widely distributed in Norwegian broiler production, and the majority harbor transferable IncK or IncI1 plasmids carrying blaCMY-2. Persistent occurrence in broiler farms may occur through the survival of ESC-resistant E. coli strains in the farm environment, or by transfer and maintenance of resistance plasmids within a population of environmental bacteria with high survival abilities. The aim of this study was to determine the transferability of two successful blaCMY-2-carrying plasmids belonging to the incompatibility groups IncK and IncI1 into E. coli and Serratia species recipients. Initially, conjugative plasmid transfer from two E. coli donors to potential recipients was tested in an agar assay. Conjugation was further investigated for selected mating pairs in surface and planktonic assays at temperatures from 12°C to 37°C. Transfer of plasmids was observed on agar, in broth, and in biofilm at temperatures down to 25°C. The IncK plasmid was able to transfer into Serratia marcescens, and transconjugants were able to act as secondary plasmid donors to different E. coli and Serratia species recipients. All transconjugants displayed an AmpC phenotype corresponding to the acquisition of blaCMY-2. In summary, the results indicate that the IncK plasmid may transfer between E. coli and Serratia spp. under conditions relevant for broiler production. IMPORTANCE Certain blaCMY-2-carrying plasmids are successful and disseminated in European broiler production. Traditionally, plasmid transferability has been studied under conditions that are optimal for bacterial growth. Plasmid transfer has previously been reported between E. coli bacteria in biofilms at 37°C and in broth at temperatures ranging from 8 to 37°C. However, intergenus transfer of blaCMY-2-carrying plasmids from E. coli to environmental bacteria in the food-processing chain has not been previously studied. We demonstrate that blaCMY-2-carrying plasmids are capable of conjugative transfer between different poultry-associated bacterial genera under conditions relevant for broiler production. Transfer to Serratia spp. and to hosts with good biofilm-forming abilities and with the potential to act as secondary plasmid donors to new hosts might contribute to the persistence of these resistance plasmids. These results contribute to increased knowledge of factors affecting the persistence of ESC resistance in broiler production and can provide a basis for improvement of routines and preventive measures.
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Seiffert SN, Carattoli A, Schwendener S, Collaud A, Endimiani A, Perreten V. Plasmids Carrying blaCMY -2/4 in Escherichia coli from Poultry, Poultry Meat, and Humans Belong to a Novel IncK Subgroup Designated IncK2. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:407. [PMID: 28360894 PMCID: PMC5350095 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The blaCMY -2/4-carrying IncB/O/K-like plasmids of seven Escherichia coli strains from poultry, poultry meat and human urine samples were examined using comparative analysis of whole plasmid sequences. The incompatibility group was determined by analysis of the incRNAI region and conjugation assays with strains containing the IncK and IncB/O reference plasmids. Strains were additionally characterized using MLST and MIC determination. The complete DNA sequences of all plasmids showed an average nucleotide identity of 91.3%. Plasmids were detected in E. coli sequence type (ST) 131, ST38, ST420, ST1431, ST1564 and belonged to a new plasmid variant (IncK2) within the IncK and IncB/O groups. Notably, one E. coli from poultry meat and one from human contained the same plasmid. The presence of a common recently recognized IncK2 plasmid in diverse E. coli from human urine isolates and poultry meat production suggests that the IncK2 plasmids originated from a common progenitor and have the capability to spread to genetically diverse E. coli in different reservoirs. This discovery is alarming and stresses the need of rapidly introducing strict hygiene measures throughout the food chain, limiting the spread of such plasmids in the human settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome N Seiffert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of BernBern, Switzerland; Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of BernBern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Carattoli
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of BernBern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di SanitàRome, Italy
| | - Sybille Schwendener
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Collaud
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Endimiani
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
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Berg ES, Wester AL, Ahrenfeldt J, Mo SS, Slettemeås JS, Steinbakk M, Samuelsen Ø, Grude N, Simonsen GS, Løhr IH, Jørgensen SB, Tofteland S, Lund O, Dahle UR, Sunde M. Norwegian patients and retail chicken meat share cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and IncK/bla CMY-2 resistance plasmids. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:407.e9-407.e15. [PMID: 28082191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2012 and 2014 the Norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary and food production sectors (NORM-VET) showed that 124 of a total of 406 samples (31%) of Norwegian retail chicken meat were contaminated with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to compare selected cephalosporin-resistant E. coli from humans and poultry to determine their genetic relatedness based on whole genome sequencing (WGS). METHODS Escherichia coli representing three prevalent cephalosporin-resistant multi-locus sequence types (STs) isolated from poultry (n=17) were selected from the NORM-VET strain collections. All strains carried an IncK plasmid with a blaCMY-2 gene. Clinical E. coli isolates (n=284) with AmpC-mediated resistance were collected at Norwegian microbiology laboratories from 2010 to 2014. PCR screening showed that 29 of the clinical isolates harboured both IncK and blaCMY-2. All IncK/blaCMY-2-positive isolates were analysed with WGS-based bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 2.5 Mbp of shared genome sequences showed close relationship, with fewer than 15 SNP differences between five clinical isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and the ST38 isolates from poultry. Furthermore, all of the 29 clinical isolates harboured IncK/blaCMY-2 plasmid variants highly similar to the IncK/blaCMY-2 plasmid present in the poultry isolates. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide support for the hypothesis that clonal transfer of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli from chicken meat to humans may occur, and may cause difficult-to-treat infections. Furthermore, these E. coli can be a source of AmpC-resistance plasmids for opportunistic pathogens in the human microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Berg
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - A L Wester
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Ahrenfeldt
- Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S S Mo
- Department of Diagnostic Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - J S Slettemeås
- Department of Diagnostic Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Steinbakk
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ø Samuelsen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Research Group for Microbial Pharmacology and Population Biology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - N Grude
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - G S Simonsen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - I H Løhr
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - S B Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - S Tofteland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - O Lund
- Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - U R Dahle
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Sunde
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Diagnostic Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Nulty KM, Soon JM, Wallace CA, Nastasijevic I. Antimicrobial resistance monitoring and surveillance in the meat chain: A report from five countries in the European Union and European Economic Area. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Host-Specific Patterns of Genetic Diversity among IncI1-Iγ and IncK Plasmids Encoding CMY-2 β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Poultry Meat, Poultry, and Dogs in Denmark. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4705-14. [PMID: 27235431 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00495-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED CMY-2 is the most common plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolates of human and animal origin. The aim of this study was to elucidate the epidemiology of CMY-2-producing E. coli in Denmark. Strain and plasmid relatedness was studied in 93 CMY-2-producing clinical and commensal E. coli isolates collected from 2006 to 2012 from humans, retail poultry meat, broilers, and dogs. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and conjugation were performed in conjunction with plasmid replicon typing, plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and sequencing of selected blaCMY-2-harboring plasmids. MLST revealed high strain diversity, with few E. coli lineages occurring in multiple host species and sample types. blaCMY-2 was detected on plasmids in 83 (89%) isolates. Most (75%) of the plasmids were conjugative and did not (96%) cotransfer resistance to antimicrobials other than cephalosporins. The main replicon types identified were IncI1-Iγ (55%) and IncK (39%). Isolates from different host species mainly carried distinct plasmid subtypes. Seven of the 18 human isolates harbored IncI1-Iγ/sequence type 2 (ST2), IncI1-Iγ/ST12, or IncK plasmids highly similar to those found among animal isolates, even though highly related human and animal plasmids differed by nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or insertion sequence elements. This study clearly demonstrates that the epidemiology of CMY-2 can be understood only by thorough plasmid characterization. To date, the spread of this β-lactam resistance determinant in Denmark is mainly associated with IncK and IncI1-Iγ plasmids that are generally distributed according to host-specific patterns. These baseline data will be useful to assess the consequences of the increasing human exposure to CMY-2-producing E. coli via animal sources. IMPORTANCE CMY-2 is the most common plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase in Escherichia coli This β-lactamase is poorly inhibited by clavulanic acid and confers resistance to cephamycins, third-generation cephalosporins, and aztreonam. Furthermore, resistance to carbapenems has been reported in E. coli as a result of production of plasmid-encoded CMY-2 β-lactamase in combination with decreased outer membrane permeability. The gene encoding CMY-2 generally resides on transferable plasmids belonging to different incompatibility groups. The prevalence of CMY-2-mediated cephalosporin resistance in E. coli varies significantly depending on the geographical region and host. This study demonstrates that the epidemiology of CMY-2 can be understood only by thorough plasmid characterization. To date, the spread of this β-lactam resistance determinant in Denmark is mainly associated with IncK and IncI1-Iγ plasmids, which are generally distributed according to host-specific patterns. These data will be useful to assess the consequences of the increasing human exposure to CMY-2-producing E. coli via animal sources.
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