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Li X, Peng X, Zoulikha M, Boafo GF, Magar KT, Ju Y, He W. Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated combining therapy for human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:1. [PMID: 38161204 PMCID: PMC10758001 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining existing drug therapy is essential in developing new therapeutic agents in disease prevention and treatment. In preclinical investigations, combined effect of certain known drugs has been well established in treating extensive human diseases. Attributed to synergistic effects by targeting various disease pathways and advantages, such as reduced administration dose, decreased toxicity, and alleviated drug resistance, combinatorial treatment is now being pursued by delivering therapeutic agents to combat major clinical illnesses, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, myocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Combinatorial therapy involves combining or co-delivering two or more drugs for treating a specific disease. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery systems, i.e., liposomal NPs, polymeric NPs and nanocrystals, are of great interest in combinatorial therapy for a wide range of disorders due to targeted drug delivery, extended drug release, and higher drug stability to avoid rapid clearance at infected areas. This review summarizes various targets of diseases, preclinical or clinically approved drug combinations and the development of multifunctional NPs for combining therapy and emphasizes combinatorial therapeutic strategies based on drug delivery for treating severe clinical diseases. Ultimately, we discuss the challenging of developing NP-codelivery and translation and provide potential approaches to address the limitations. This review offers a comprehensive overview for recent cutting-edge and challenging in developing NP-mediated combination therapy for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Xiuju Peng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Makhloufi Zoulikha
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - George Frimpong Boafo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Kosheli Thapa Magar
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Yanmin Ju
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060918. [PMID: 36980259 PMCID: PMC10047067 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease, which is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with two presentation phenotypes: hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is distinguished by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Meanwhile, autoantibodies against the TSH receptor have been found in Graves-Basedow disease. Numerous susceptibility genes, as well as epigenetic and environmental factors, contribute to the pathogenesis of both diseases. This review summarizes the most common genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms involved in autoimmune thyroid disease.
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Dhaouadi T, Rojbi I, Ghammouki S, Ben Nacef I, Adel M, Mekni S, Khiari K, Ben Abdallah T, Sfar I, Gorgi Y. Pre- and Post-treatment Serum BAFF Levels and BAFF Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Graves' Disease. Endocr Res 2023; 48:16-26. [PMID: 36636836 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2023.2167087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cell activating factor (BAFF), a crucial factor for B cell survival and differentiation, has been linked to several autoimmune conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of BAFF gene's polymorphisms with its serum levels and to assess their effect on Graves' disease (GD) susceptibility and presentation. METHODS Sixty-two GD patients and 152 healthy controls have been enrolled to investigate BAFF rs9514827 (-2841 T/C), rs1041569 (-2701 T/A) and rs9514828 (-871 C/T) gene's polymorphism by PCR-RFLP and serum BAFF level's kinetics under medical treatment by ELISA. RESULTS Median serum BAFF level at baseline was significantly higher in GD patients (841.7 pg/ml [685.23-1058.32]) comparatively to controls (495.75 pg/ml [383.17-595.7]), p = 7.29 E-25. A ROC curve was used to assess BAFF performances in GD diagnosis and revealed an AUC of 94.9% [0.919-0.979], p = 7.29 E-25. At a cutoff value of 654.9 pg/ml of BAFF at baseline, the sensitivity and the specificity were, respectively, 83.9% and 90.8%. BAFF level was significantly increased in smoking patients (1079.55 pg/ml [875.35-1203]) comparatively to nonsmokers (746.95 pg/ml [643.2-915.7]), p = 3.1 E-5. While -2841 T/C and -2701 T/A genotypes and alleles frequencies were similar between patients and controls, the -871*T allele was significantly more prevalent in patients (0.613) than in controls (0.477); p = .01, OR [95% CI] = 1.73 [1.13-2.65]. The three studied polymorphisms were not associated with serum BAFF level at baseline. CONCLUSION Serum BAFF level is significantly increased in GD especially in smoking patients. rs9514828 - 871*T allele might be a susceptibility variant for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Dhaouadi
- Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rojbi
- Endocrinology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Ghammouki
- Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Meriem Adel
- Endocrinology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sabrine Mekni
- Endocrinology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karima Khiari
- Endocrinology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Taïeb Ben Abdallah
- Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Sfar
- Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yousr Gorgi
- Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Liu S, Li GQ, Gu QW, Wang J, Sun Q, Gu WS, Mao XM. Induced Overexpression of B Cell-Activating Factor by Triiodothyronine Results in Abnormal B Cell Differentiation in Mice. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231204075. [PMID: 37798940 PMCID: PMC10557412 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231204075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of tolerance and abnormal activation in B cells is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD) and high levels of thyroid hormones (THs) can drive the progression of GD. However, the interactions between THs and abnormal activation of B cells in the context of GD are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate B cell-activating factor (BAFF) mediating the cross talk between THs and B cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. A high-level triiodothyronine (T3) mouse model was used to verify T3-mediated induction of overexpression of BAFF and B cell abnormal differentiation. The possible promotion of BAFF overexpression in the mice spleen macrophages during polarization to M1 by T3 was also studied. We showed that high levels of T3 can induce BAFF overexpression and lead to abnormal differentiation of B cells in the mice. While the overexpression of BAFF was observed across many tissue types in the mice, high levels of T3 could induce M1 macrophages polarization by IFN (interferon-gamma)-γ in the spleen of the mice, which in turn generated BAFF overexpression. Our findings provide a novel insight into the interactions between the endocrine and immune systems, as well as provide insight into the role of TH in the pathogenesis of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Sha Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Martinou M, Katifelis H, Gialafos E, Atliev KT, Papiris S, Gazouli M. Association of BAFF and BAFF-R polymorphisms with sarcoidosis in a Greek patient cohort. Arch Med Sci 2022; 19:672-677. [PMID: 37313206 PMCID: PMC10259409 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/154019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcoidosis is a disease that results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Its genetic basis however, is yet to be clarified. The purpose of this study is to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and its receptor (BAFF-R) are associated with sarcoidosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples from one hundred and seventy-three sarcoidosis patients and one hundred and sixty-four controls were collected. All samples were genotyped for BAFF rs2893321, rs1041569 and rs9514828, and for BAFF-R rs61756766. RESULTS Out of the three BAFF polymorphisms, none genotype had any significant association with sarcoidosis, although the T allele in rs1041569 and rs9514828 was overrepresented in sarcoidosis patients. A marginally significant association with sarcoidosis was found in the case of the CT genotype and T allele of BAFF-R rs61756766. Haplotype analysis of the BAFF polymorphisms was also performed, revealing an overrepresentation of the ATT, GTA and GTT haplotypes in the group of patients with cardiac involvement. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of this study suggest a possible relationship between BAFF SNPs, rs1041569 and rs9514828, and BAFF-R SNP rs61756766 with sarcoidosis susceptibility and their potential as biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martinou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hector Katifelis
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Gialafos
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kiril Todorov Atliev
- Department of Urology and General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Spiridon Papiris
- 2 Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Zhou F, Wang X, Wang L, Sun X, Tan G, Wei W, Zheng G, Ma X, Tian D, Yu H. Genetics, Epigenetics, Cellular Immunology, and Gut Microbiota: Emerging Links With Graves' Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:794912. [PMID: 35059400 PMCID: PMC8765724 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.794912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) is a well-known organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos. The incidence of GD is approximately 2.0–3.0% in China and 0.5–2.0% in Western countries. Due to the complex pathogenesis and etiology of GD, current treatment methods have great side effects that seriously endanger human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the pathogenesis of GD. Various studies have shown that genetics, epigenetics, cellular immunology, and gut microbiota are all involved in the development of GD. Genetically, CD25 gene and VDR gene polymorphisms are involved in the development of GD by increasing the ratio of Th17/Treg cells. Epigenetically, miR-23a-3p and lncRNA-MEG3 lead to Th17/Treg imbalance and participate in the progression of GD. Moreover, commensal microbe deletion can disrupt Th17/Treg balance and participate in the occurrence of GD. The imbalance of Th17/Treg cells induced by genetics, epigenetics, and gut microbiota plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of GD. Therefore, this article reviews the role of genetics, epigenetics, cellular immunology, and gut microbiota in the pathogenic mechanism of GD. This may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and providing promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guiqin Tan
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wenwen Wei
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guangbing Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hongsong Yu
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Cheng CW, Fang WF, Tang KT, Lin JD. Possible interplay between estrogen and the BAFF may modify thyroid activity in Graves' disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21350. [PMID: 34725405 PMCID: PMC8560878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A link between sex hormones and B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a crucial immunoregulator of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), may exist. The study aimed to elucidate the role of estrogen (E2) in regulating BAFF in Graves' disease (GD). In clinical samples, serum BAFF levels were higher in women than in men in both the GD and control groups. serum BAFF levels were associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody levels and thyroid function only in women and not in men. BAFF transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were higher in women with GD than those in the control group. Among GD patients with the AA genotype of rs2893321, women had higher BAFF transcripts and protein levels than men. In the progression of a spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) murine model, NOD.H-2h4, serum free thyroxine and BAFF levels were higher in female than in male mice. Moreover, exogenous E2 treatment increased serum BAFF levels in male SAT mice. Meanwhile, female SAT mice exhibited higher thyroid BAFF transcripts levels than either the E2-treated or untreated male SAT mouse groups. Our results showed that E2 might be implicated in modulating BAFF expression, and support a possible mechanism for the higher incidence of AITD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Traditional Herb Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Fang
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Tsun Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Diann Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Jhongzheng Rd., Jhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Andreou NP, Legaki E, Dovrolis N, Boyanov N, Georgiou K, Gkouskou K, Gazouli M. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) expression is associated with Crohn's disease and can serve as a potential prognostic indicator of disease response to Infliximab treatment. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:574-580. [PMID: 33339749 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies correlated elevated B-cell activating factor (BAFF) levels and its polymorphisms (SNPs) in patients with autoimmunity. Limited data existed regarding the role of BAFF in Crohn's Disease (CD) susceptibility and/or treatment response to infliximab. AIM This study aims to evaluate BAFF expression in CD patients, investigate if its expression can predict response to infliximab treatment, and examine the association of BAFF SNPs with CD susceptibility. METHODS One hundred twelve CD patients and 164 healthy controls were recruited. Serum BAFF levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Participants were genotyped for rs9514828, rs1041569 and rs2893321 SNPs. RESULTS Serum BAFF concentration was elevated in CD patients (472.86 ± 223.60 pg/ml) compared with controls (128.16 ± 70.10 pg/ml) before treatment. Responders to IFX treatment had increased serum BAFF levels at baseline (610.03 ± 167.55 pg/ml) compared to non-responders (267.09 ± 107 pg/ml). In responders, BAFF concentration reduced after IFX administration, while increased in non-responders. The rs1041569, TA and AA genotypes frequencies, and the minor allele A were increased significantly in CD patients, indicating an association of the SNP with CD susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that BAFF could be a potential biomarker of CD, while SNP rs1041569 was associated with CD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos-Panagiotis Andreou
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Legaki
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikola Boyanov
- Medical Simulation Training Center at Research Institute of Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Konstantinos Georgiou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Gkouskou
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 11527 Athens, Greece; Embiodiagnostics, Biology Research Company, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Wang X, Huang J, Zhang A, Fang C, Ma Q, Jiang P. Altered expression profile of BAFF receptors on peripheral blood B lymphocytes in Graves' disease. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:88. [PMID: 33926416 PMCID: PMC8082831 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B lymphocyte activating factor (BAFF) is a growth factor regulating B lymphocytes survival and maturation. Serum BAFF levels were elevated in patients affected with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The aim of this study is to explore the association of expression levels of BAFF and its receptors with AITD. METHODS Fifty-two GD patients, 39 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. Serum BAFF levels were measured by ELISA. Expression of BAFF receptors, including BAFF receptor 3 (BR3) and transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), on B lymphocytes were analyzed by flowcytometry. Effects of steroids on serum BAFF levels and expression of BR3 and TACI were also observed in 10 patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO) receiving steroids therapy. RESULTS Serum BAFF levels were significantly elevated from 0.93 ± 0.24 ng/ml in HC to 1.18 ± 0.33 ng/ml in GD (P = 0.0027) and 1.02 ± 0.24 ng/ml in HT (P = 0.0331). BR3 expression on peripheral B lymphocytes were elevated in GD (mean MFI: 4.52 ± 2.06 in GD vs. 3.00 ± 0.87 in HC, P = 0.0015), while TACI expression on peripheral B lymphocytes were decreased in GD without significance (mean MFI: 7.96 ± 4.06 in GD vs. 9.10 ± 3.37 in HC, P = 0.1285). Expression of BR3 and TACI was not changed significantly in HT patients. Steroids significantly suppressed serum BAFF concentrations (from 1.18 ± 0.27 ng/ml to 0.97 ± 0.10 ng/ml, P = 0.0364) and BR3 expression in GO patients (mean MFI from 6.26 ± 4.91 to 4.05 ± 1.58, P = 0.0083). CONCLUSIONS Altered expression of BAFF and its receptor may mediate the autoimmunity in GD. Restoring the normal expression profile of receptors for BAFF could be a new strategy to treat GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM/the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM/the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.
| | - Pengjun Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM/the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Lane LC, Cheetham TD, Perros P, Pearce SHS. New Therapeutic Horizons for Graves' Hyperthyroidism. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5897403. [PMID: 32845332 PMCID: PMC7567404 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Graves' hyperthyroidism is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), resulting in uncontrolled secretion of excessive thyroid hormone. Conventional treatments, including antithyroid medication, radioiodine, or surgery have remained largely unchanged for the past 70 years and either lack efficacy for many patients, or result in lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy, in the case of the latter 2 options. The demand for new therapeutic options, combined with greater insight into basic immunobiology, has led to the emergence of novel approaches to treat Graves' hyperthyroidism. The current therapies under investigation include biologics, small molecules, and peptide immunomodulation. There is a growing focus on TSHR-specific treatment modalities, which carry the advantage of eliciting a specific, targeted approach, with the aim of avoiding disruption of the functioning immune system. These therapies present a new opportunity to supersede the inadequate treatments currently available for some Graves' patients, offering hope of successful restoration of euthyroidism without the need for ongoing therapy. Several of these therapeutic options have the potential to translate into clinical practice in the near future. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances and various stages of development of the novel therapeutic approaches to treat Graves' hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Lane
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Endocrine unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Tim D Cheetham
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Petros Perros
- Endocrine unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Simon H S Pearce
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Endocrine unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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11
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Lin JD, Yang SF, Wang YH, Fang WF, Tang KT, Cheng CW. Associations of gene polymorphisms in interferon-alpha signature-related genes with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:860-868. [PMID: 31494956 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interferon (IFN)-α treatment predisposes patients to the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). METHODS We investigated associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of molecules participating in the IFN-α signature, including rs2304204 and rs2304206 of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), rs1061501 of IRF7, and rs7708392 of TNFA1P3-interacting protein 1 with serum IFN-α levels and AITD in an ethnic Chinese (ie Taiwanese) population. Totally, 319 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 83 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 351 healthy controls were recruited. RESULTS There were increased percentages of the C allele, and CC and TC + CC genotypes of rs1061501 in GD patients compared to the controls. HT patients had higher serum IFN-α levels compared to the controls, while there was no difference in serum IFN-α levels between patients with GD and controls. However, patients with GD in a remission status had lower serum IFN-α levels than those without remission. On the other hand, the C allele of rs1061501 was only associated with serum IFN-α levels in patients with HT. CONCLUSIONS The SNP rs1061501 of IRF7 was associated with the development of GD. Serum IFN-α levels were associated with HT, while they might modify the disease status of GD. Moreover, a genetic effect of rs1061501 on regulating serum IFN-α production was observed in HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Diann Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Fang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Tsun Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herb Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Cente, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Associations of BAFF rs2893321 polymorphisms with myasthenia gravis susceptibility. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:168. [PMID: 31666013 PMCID: PMC6822419 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune diseases characterized by fatigue and weakness of skeletal muscles. B-lymphocyte-activating factor (BAFF), an essential factor for B cell differentiation and development, is important in the progression of MG. The current study aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism rs2893321 in BAFF with MG susceptibility in Chinese Han population. Methods One hundred forty-nine patients with MG and 148 healthy controls were recruited. Using improved multiple ligase detection reaction technology, the polymorphisms of rs2893321 between groups and among MG subgroups have been compared. Results A significant differences between the MG group and the healthy control group was observed. Additionally, rs2893321 was found to be associated with gender and age in patients with MG. Conclusion Genetic variations of rs2893321 in BAFF might be associated with susceptibility to MG in the Chinese Han population.
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13
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Cheng CW, Yang SF, Wang YH, Fang WF, Lin YC, Tang KT, Lin JD. Associations of secreted phosphoprotein 1 and B lymphocyte kinase gene polymorphisms with autoimmune thyroid disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13065. [PMID: 30589937 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the type 1 interferon (IFN)-related signalling pathway predisposes one to autoimmune diseases. Possible associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and B lymphocyte kinase (BLK) of the type 1 IFN-related signalling pathway with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in an ethnic Chinese (ie Taiwanese) population were tested. METHODS Totally, 83 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, 319 Graves' disease (GD) patients and 369 controls were enrolled. Genotypes of the two SNPs (rs1126772 and rs1126616) of SPP1 and two SNPs (rs13277113 and rs2736340) of BLK were determined. RESULTS Our results showed reduced percentages of the G allele of rs13277113 of BLK in GD (P = 0.037, odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62-0.99) and HT (P = 0.002, OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.36-0.81), compared to the controls. At the same time, lower frequencies of the C allele of rs2736340 of BLK in GD (P = 0.025, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60-0.97) and HT (P = 0.003, OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.35-0.81) than the controls were also observed. There were significantly higher AT haplotype frequencies of rs1327713 and rs2736340 in GD and HT patients than in the controls (P = 0.025, OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.03-1.67, and P = 0.003, OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.24-2.87, respectively). Moreover, the anti-microsomal antibody titre was associated with rs2736340. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants of rs13277113 and rs2736340 of BLK were associated with susceptibility to GD, HT and AITD in an ethnic Chinese population. Our results suggest the BLK may participate in the pathogenesis of GD, HT and AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herb Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Fang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Tsun Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Diann Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Smith TJ, Janssen JAMJL. Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor and Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:236-267. [PMID: 30215690 PMCID: PMC6338478 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a complex disease process presumed to emerge from autoimmunity occurring in the thyroid gland, most frequently in Graves disease (GD). It is disfiguring and potentially blinding, culminating in orbital tissue remodeling and disruption of function of structures adjacent to the eye. There are currently no medical therapies proven capable of altering the clinical outcome of TAO in randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trials. The orbital fibroblast represents the central target for immune reactivity. Recent identification of fibroblasts that putatively originate in the bone marrow as monocyte progenitors provides a plausible explanation for why antigens, the expressions of which were once considered restricted to the thyroid, are detected in the TAO orbit. These cells, known as fibrocytes, express relatively high levels of functional TSH receptor (TSHR) through which they can be activated by TSH and the GD-specific pathogenic antibodies that underpin thyroid overactivity. Fibrocytes also express insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) with which TSHR forms a physical and functional signaling complex. Notably, inhibition of IGF-IR activity results in the attenuation of signaling initiated at either receptor. Some studies suggest that IGF-IR-activating antibodies are generated in GD, whereas others refute this concept. These observations served as the rationale for implementing a recently completed therapeutic trial of teprotumumab, a monoclonal inhibitory antibody targeting IGF-IR in TAO. Results of that trial in active, moderate to severe disease revealed dramatic and rapid reductions in disease activity and severity. The targeting of IGF-IR with specific biologic agents may represent a paradigm shift in the therapy of TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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15
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Gao X, Wang J, Yu Y. The Association Between STAT4 rs7574865 Polymorphism and the Susceptibility of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Front Genet 2019; 9:708. [PMID: 30666271 PMCID: PMC6330290 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) gene encodes an important transcription factor that transmits signals induced by several cytokines associated with autoimmune diseases and has been identified as a susceptibility gene for numerous autoimmune disorders. The association between STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism and the susceptibility of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been investigated in previous case-control studies. However, the investigation results were inconsistent. Hence, a meta-analysis was performed to draw a more reliable conclusion about it. Methods: All relevant studies were searched in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, till August 20, 2018. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of the association. Results: A total of five independent case-control studies with 1707 AITD patients and 2316 controls were included in the present meta-analysis. The overall pooled analysis indicated that STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism was significantly associated with AITD susceptibility [TT vs. GG: OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.24–2.15, PZ = 0.0005; TT vs. (TG+GG): OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.26–1.91, PZ < 0.0001]. However, the subgroup analysis showed a significant association of STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism with AITD susceptibility in Asian population, but not in African population. STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism was significantly associated both with Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) susceptibility. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed a significant association between STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism and AITD susceptibility. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and other ethnicities are still required to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueren Gao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongguo Yu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Lane LC, Allinson KR, Campbell K, Bhatnagar I, Ingoe L, Razvi S, Cheetham T, Cordell HJ, Pearce SH, Mitchell AL. Analysis of BAFF gene polymorphisms in UK Graves' disease patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 90:170-174. [PMID: 30281845 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE B lymphocyte activating factor (BAFF), a member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily, is essential for B cell activation, differentiation and survival. Elevated circulating BAFF levels have been found in patients with several autoimmune conditions, including Graves' disease. In addition, BAFF gene variants have been associated with Graves' disease in a Taiwanese cohort, and with several other autoimmune conditions in non-Taiwanese populations. DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a case-control association study to investigate two BAFF polymorphisms (rs9514828 and rs4000607) in a UK cohort of 444 patients with Graves' disease. Genotype frequencies were compared to those from 447 local controls and more than 5000 healthy controls from the Wellcome Trust case-control consortium (WTCCC2). RESULTS There was a significant difference in the frequency of the AA genotype at rs4000607 between the Graves' disease cohort and both the local controls (P = 0.045) and the WTCCC2 controls (P = 4.56 × 10-6 ). Furthermore, the frequency of the A allele was found to be increased in the Graves' disease group compared to WTCCC2 controls (P = 0.02, OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.03-1.41). No association was observed at the rs9514828 locus. CONCLUSION Dysfunction of the humoral immune system is an obligatory pathophysiological component of Graves' disease, hence BAFF is an excellent functional candidate gene. We have demonstrated, for the first time, a significant association of the BAFF polymorphism rs4000607 with Graves' disease in a UK cohort. Further work to elucidate the role of BAFF in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease is now warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Lane
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Katy Campbell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Lorna Ingoe
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Salman Razvi
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Tim Cheetham
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Simon H Pearce
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Anna L Mitchell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
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17
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Lin JD, Yang SF, Wang YH, Fang WF, Lin YC, Liou BC, Lin YF, Tang KT, Cheng CW. Associations of melatonin receptor gene polymorphisms with Graves' disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185529. [PMID: 28961261 PMCID: PMC5621676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin plays an important role in immunity and has been linked to autoimmune diseases. Possible associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of melatonin receptor type 1A (MTNR1A) and 1B (MTNR1B), with autoimmune thyroid disease in an ethnic Chinese (i.e., Taiwanese) population were examined. Materials and methods Totally, 83 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients, 319 Graves’ disease (GD), and 369 controls were recruited. Three SNPs (rs6553010, rs13140012, and rs2119882) of MTNR1A and three SNPs (rs1387153, rs10830963, and rs1562444) of MTNR1B were genotyped. Results There were a reduced frequency of the C allele of rs2119882 and a reduced percentage of the CC+CT genotype in the GD group compared to the control group (p = 0.039, odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.63~0.99, and p = 0.032, OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.53~0.97, respectively). There was a significant difference in the percentage of the AT haplotype of the combination of rs13140012 and rs2119882 between the GD and control groups (p = 0.010, OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.07~1.67). In addition, there were significant associations of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody titers with rs13140012 and rs2119882, and the AATT genotype of the combination of rs13140012 and rs2119882 (p = 0.003, 0.003, and 0.004, respectively). There were no significant associations of SNPs and possible haplotypes of MTNR1B with susceptibility to GD. Conclusions Genetic variants of rs2119882 of MTNR1A and the AT haplotype of the combination of rs2119882 and rs13140012 were associated with GD susceptibility in an ethnic Chinese population. The results support the involvement of the melatonin pathway in the pathogenesis of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Diann Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Fang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Chun Liou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Tsun Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Struja T, Kutz A, Fischli S, Meier C, Mueller B, Recher M, Schuetz P. Is Graves' disease a primary immunodeficiency? New immunological perspectives on an endocrine disease. BMC Med 2017; 15:174. [PMID: 28942732 PMCID: PMC5611589 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty about factors influencing the susceptibility and triggers for Graves' disease persists, along with a wide variation in the response to anti-thyroid drugs, currently at approximately 50% of non-responders. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize immunological concepts, with a combined endocrine and immunological perspective, to highlight potential new areas of research. MAIN TEXT Relevant studies were identified through a systematic literature search using the PubMed and EMBASE databases in March 2016. No cut-offs regarding dates were imposed. We used the terms "Graves' Disease" or "Basedow" or "thyrotoxicosis" together with the terms "etiology", "pathophysiology", "immunodeficiency", "causality", and "autoimmunity". The terms "orbitopathy", "ophthalmopathy", and "amiodarone" were excluded. Articles in English, French, German, Croatian, Spanish, and Italian were eligible for inclusion. CONCLUSIONS While concepts such as the impact of iodine, smoking, human leucocyte antigen, infections, and ethnicity are established, new ideas have emerged. Pertaining evidence suggests the involvement of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency in the pathophysiology of Graves' disease. Recent studies point to specific immunological mechanisms triggering the onset of disease, which may also serve as targets for more specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Struja
- Medical University Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander Kutz
- Medical University Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Fischli
- Medical Clinic, Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Kantonsspital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Meier
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital and University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Medical University Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Recher
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Medical Outpatient Clinic and Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical University Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Lin JD, Cheng CW. Causal variants in autoimmune disease: a commentary on a recent published fine-mapping algorithm analysis in genome-wide association studies study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:151. [PMID: 28462231 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.02.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Diann Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Jasek M, Bojarska-Junak A, Wagner M, Sobczyński M, Wołowiec D, Roliński J, Karabon L, Kuśnierczyk P. Association of variants in BAFF (rs9514828 and rs1041569) and BAFF-R (rs61756766) genes with the risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13617-13626. [PMID: 27468724 PMCID: PMC5097080 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell activator factor (BAFF)/BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) axis seems to play an important role in the development and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we investigated the association of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BAFF (TNFSF13B) and BAFF-R (TNFRSF13C) genes with risk of sporadic CLL in a group of 439 CLL patients and 477 controls. We also examined the correlation between selected SNPs and CLL clinical parameters as well as BAFF plasma levels and intracellular BAFF expression. Our results point to a possible association between the rs9514828 (CT vs. CC + TT; OR = 0.74; CI 95 % = 0.57; 0.97; p = 0.022) and rs1041569 (AT vs. AA + TT; OR = 0.72; CI 95 % = 0.54; 0.95; p = 0.021) of BAFF gene and rs61756766 (CC vs. CT; OR = 2.03; CI 95 % = 1.03; 3.99; p = 0.03) of BAFF-R gene and CLL risk. Additionally, we observed that homozygotes rs1041569 AA and TT had a slightly higher risk (HR = 1.12) for the need of treatment in comparison to AT heterozygotes. In conclusion, our results indicate that SNPs in BAFF and BAFF-R genes may be considered as potential CLL risk factors.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- B-Cell Activating Factor/genetics
- B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Risk Factors
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jasek
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak
- Chair and Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Wagner
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Sobczyński
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wołowiec
- Department of Hematology, Neoplastic Diseases, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Pasteura 1, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Chair and Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Lidia Karabon
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, ul. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuśnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
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