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Wilpstra CD, Morrell S, Mirza NA, Ralph JL. Consequences of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Healthcare Providers During the First 10 Months of Vaccine Availability: Scoping Review. Can J Nurs Res 2024; 56:204-224. [PMID: 38693882 PMCID: PMC11308270 DOI: 10.1177/08445621241251711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers (HCPs)-including nurses-have played important roles in the vaccination effort. It is expected that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among HCPs has numerous consequences; however, the scope of these consequences and their impacts on providers, patients, and the broader healthcare system remained unclear. PURPOSE To identify existing and emerging evidence to understand the state of knowledge of the consequences of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among HCPs. METHODS A scoping review was completed based upon the JBI scoping review methodology. The databases searched included OVID Medline, EBSCOhost CINAHL, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source, ProQuest APA PsycInfo, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The final literature search was completed on June 2, 2022. Studies were screened and retrieved based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria using Covidence reference management software. Data extraction followed criteria recommended in the JBI scoping review framework with additional relevant variables identified by the authors. RESULTS A total of 33 sources were included in the review. Consequences of HCP COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were grouped under three themes and seven subthemes. Consequences affecting HCPs included health-related, psychosocial, and employment-related consequences. Consequences affecting patients pertained to COVID-19 vaccination communication and COVID-19 vaccination practices of HCPs. Consequences to the healthcare system involved consequences to coworkers and employment/attendance/staffing-related consequences. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare provider COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was found to have numerous consequences. By understanding the scope and extent of these consequences, healthcare leaders, researchers, and HCPs can work together to protect providers, patients, and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherry Morrell
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | | | - Jody L. Ralph
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
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Maar M, Bourdon C, Berti J, Bisaillon E, Boesch L, Boston A, Chapdelaine J, Humphrey A, Kumar S, Maar-Jackson B, Martell R, Naokwegijig B, Preet Kaur D, Rice S, Rickaby B, Sutherland M, Reade M. Creating a Culturally Safe Online Data Collection Instrument to Measure Vaccine Confidence Among Indigenous Youth: Indigenous Consensus Method. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e52884. [PMID: 39133917 PMCID: PMC11347907 DOI: 10.2196/52884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participating in surveys can shape the perception of participants related to the study topic. Administering a vaccine hesitancy questionnaire can have negative impacts on participants' vaccine confidence. This is particularly true for online and cross-cultural data collection because culturally safe health education to correct misinformation is typically not provided after the administration of an electronic survey. OBJECTIVE To create a culturally safe, online, COVID-19 vaccine confidence survey for Indigenous youth designed to collect authentic, culturally relevant data of their vaccine experiences, with a low risk of contributing to further vaccine confusion among participants. METHODS Using the Aboriginal Telehealth Knowledge Circle consensus method, a team of academics, health care providers, policy makers, and community partners reviewed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy surveys used in public health research, analyzed potential risks, and created a framework for electronic Indigenous vaccine confidence surveys as well as survey items. RESULTS The framework for safer online survey items is based on 2 principles, a first do-no-harm approach and applying a strengths-based lens. Relevant survey domains identified in the process include sociodemographic information, participants' connection to their community, preferred sources for health information, vaccination uptake among family members and peers, as well as personal attitudes toward vaccines. A total of 44 survey items were developed, including 5 open-ended items to improve the authenticity of the data and the analysis of the experiences of Indigenous youth. CONCLUSIONS Using an Indigenous consensus method, we have developed an online COVID-19 vaccine confidence survey with culturally relevant domains and reduced the risk of amplifying misinformation and negative impacts on vaccine confidence among Indigenous participants. Our approach can be adapted to other online survey development in collaboration with Indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Maar
- Human Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Caleigh Bourdon
- Undergraduate Medical Education, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Joahnna Berti
- Debajehmujig Storytellers, Debajehmujig Theatre Group, Manitowaning, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Bisaillon
- Interdisciplinary Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Boesch
- Human Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Alicia Boston
- Public Health Sudbury & Districts, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Postgraduate Medical Education, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert Martell
- Interdisciplinary Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Naokwegijig
- Debajehmujig Storytellers, Debajehmujig Theatre Group, Manitowaning, ON, Canada
| | - Davinder Preet Kaur
- Postgraduate Medical Education, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Rice
- Public Health Sudbury & Districts, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Rickaby
- School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | | | - Maurianne Reade
- Clinical Sciences Divison, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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3
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Gillies C, Allen-Scott LK, Nykiforuk CIJ, Belon AP, Kim MO, Lee B, Nieuwendyk L, Adhikari K, Ori EM. Social capital interventions for human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization and cervical cancer screening: A rapid review. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2024; 50:260-273. [PMID: 39170590 PMCID: PMC11321452 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v50i78a04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Social capital can be used as a conceptual framework to include social context as a predictor of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening behaviours. However, the effectiveness of interventions that use social capital as a mechanism to improve uptake of immunization and screening remains elusive. Objective To synthesize empirical evidence on the impact of social capital interventions on HPV immunization and cervical cancer screening and describe key characteristics of such interventions. Methods Using a rapid review methodology, a search of literature published between 2012 and 2022 was conducted in four databases. Two researchers assessed the studies according to inclusion criteria in a three-step screening process. Studies were assessed for quality and data concerning social capital and equity components and intervention impact were extracted and analyzed using narrative synthesis. Results Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies found improved knowledge, beliefs and intentions regarding HPV immunization and cervical cancer screening. None of the studies improved uptake of immunization; however, three studies found post-intervention improvements in uptake of cervical cancer screening. All studies either tailored their interventions to meet the needs of specific groups or described results for specific disadvantaged groups. Conclusion Limited evidence suggests that interventions that consider and reflect local context through social capital may be more likely to increase the uptake of HPV immunization and cervical cancer screening. However, further research must be done to bridge the gap in translating improvements in knowledge and intention into HPV immunization and cervical cancer screening behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gillies
- Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Lisa K Allen-Scott
- Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - Candace I J Nykiforuk
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Ana Paula Belon
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Minji Olivia Kim
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Bernice Lee
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Laura Nieuwendyk
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Kamala Adhikari
- Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - Elaine M Ori
- Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB
- Department of Health, Community & Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB
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4
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Doucette EJ, Ricketson L, Tarannum T, Alatorre I, Gray J, Constantinescu C, Kuhn S, Dunn JKE, Kellner JD. COVID-19 vaccine confidence, concerns, and uptake in children aged 5 and older in Calgary, Alberta: a longitudinal cohort study. Paediatr Child Health 2024; 29:150-157. [PMID: 38827369 PMCID: PMC11141603 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Beginning early in the pandemic, there was a worldwide effort to develop effective vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Before and after the approval and implementation of vaccines, there were concerns about their need as well as their safety and rapid development. We explored child demographic characteristics and parental concerns to identify factors associated with the decision to vaccinate. Methods A cohort of 1035 children from Calgary was assembled in 2020 to participate in 5 visits every 6 months for survey completion and blood sampling for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Visits 1 to 2 occurred before approval of vaccines for children; Visits 3 to 5 occurred after vaccine approval for different age groups. We described vaccine concerns and utilized logistic regression to examine factors associated with the decision to vaccinate in children ≥5 years of age. Results Children ≥12 years of age, of non-white or non-black ethnicity, and who had received previous influenza vaccines had higher odds of being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Children with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection had lower odds of being vaccinated. The most common concerns in early 2021 were about vaccine safety. By summer 2022, the most common concern was a belief that vaccines were not necessary. Through the study 88% of children were vaccinated. Conclusions Age, ethnicity, previous infections, and vaccine attitudes were associated with parental decision to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2. For children who remained unvaccinated, parents continued to have safety concerns and questioned the necessity of the vaccine. Complacency about the need for vaccination may be more challenging to address and overcome than concerns about safety alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Doucette
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leah Ricketson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tarannum Tarannum
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Isabella Alatorre
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joslyn Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cora Constantinescu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Kuhn
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica K E Dunn
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James D Kellner
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Ashfield S, Donelle L, Tryphonopoulos P, Dubé È, Smith M. Digital health literacy, vaccine information sources, and vaccine acceptance among parents in Ontario: Quantitative findings from a mixed methods study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003154. [PMID: 38758822 PMCID: PMC11101077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Parents make important vaccination decisions for their children and many variables affect parents' decisions to accept or decline vaccines. Parents are tasked with locating, understanding, and applying information to inform health decisions often using online resources; however, the digital health literacy levels of parents are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate parents' digital health literacy levels, their sources for vaccine information, and analyze how demographics, digital health literacy, health literacy, parental attitudes and vaccine beliefs, trust, and vaccine information sources predict vaccine acceptance. Quantitative findings of a mixed methods study that examined parental vaccine decision making across the continuum of vaccine hesitant to vaccine accepting is reported. An online survey of parents of young children living in Ontario, Canada was conducted in 2022. Multiple linear regression determined predictors of vaccine acceptance. 219 participants completed the survey and on average reported adequate digital health literacy skill. Healthcare providers were reported as the most commonly used source of vaccine information. Two models were retained that predicted vaccine acceptance, both models predicted about 50% of the variability in vaccine acceptance. Model A identified that trust predicted parent vaccine acceptance and model B identified that digital health literacy, and the vaccine information sources healthcare providers, family and friends, and alternate healthcare providers predicted vaccine acceptance. Family and friends and alternate healthcare providers negatively predicted vaccine acceptance. Most parents in our study had high levels of digital health literacy. Opportunities exist for further research and policy change focused on trust at a systemic public health level. While clinical level implications included the importance of healthcare providers as a vaccine information source and adequate digital health literacy to facilitate parental vaccine decision making. Continued efforts to develop awareness on the importance of digital health literacy among the public and healthcare providers is needed, including further research on the digital health literacy levels of Canadians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ashfield
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Lorie Donelle
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Panagiota Tryphonopoulos
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ève Dubé
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Institute National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxwell Smith
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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6
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Shuldiner J, Green ME, Kiran T, Khan S, Frymire E, Moineddin R, Kerr M, Tadrous M, Nowak DA, Kwong JC, Hu J, Witteman HO, Hamilton B, Bogoch I, Marshall LJ, Ikura S, Bar-Ziv S, Kaplan D, Ivers N. Characteristics of primary care practices by proportion of patients unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2: a cross-sectional cohort study. CMAJ 2024; 196:E432-E440. [PMID: 38589026 PMCID: PMC11001391 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.230816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in primary care practices may explain some differences in health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to evaluate the characteristics of primary care practices by the proportion of patients unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional cohort study using linked administrative data sets in Ontario, Canada. We calculated the percentage of patients unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 enrolled with each comprehensive-care family physician, ranked physicians according to the proportion of patients unvaccinated, and identified physicians in the top 10% (v. the other 90%). We compared characteristics of family physicians and their patients in these 2 groups using standardized differences. RESULTS We analyzed 9060 family physicians with 10 837 909 enrolled patients. Family physicians with the largest proportion (top 10%) of unvaccinated patients (n = 906) were more likely to be male, to have trained outside of Canada, to be older, and to work in an enhanced fee-for-service model than those in the remaining 90%. Vaccine coverage (≥ 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine) was 74% among patients of physicians with the largest proportion of unvaccinated patients, compared with 87% in the remaining patient population. Patients in the top 10% group tended to be younger and live in areas with higher levels of ethnic diversity and immigration and lower incomes. INTERPRETATION Primary care practices with the largest proportion of patients unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 served marginalized communities and were less likely to use team-based care models. These findings can guide resource planning and help tailor interventions to integrate public health priorities within primary care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Shuldiner
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Michael E Green
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Tara Kiran
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Shahriar Khan
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Eliot Frymire
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Meghan Kerr
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Mina Tadrous
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Dominik Alex Nowak
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jeffrey C Kwong
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jia Hu
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Holly O Witteman
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Bryn Hamilton
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Isaac Bogoch
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Lydia-Joy Marshall
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Sophia Ikura
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Stacey Bar-Ziv
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - David Kaplan
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Noah Ivers
- Women's College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women's College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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Morillon GF, Poder TG. Which factors drive the choice of the French-speaking Quebec population towards a COVID-19 vaccination programme: A discrete-choice experiment. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13963. [PMID: 39102733 PMCID: PMC10767688 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to elicit preferences about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine campaign in the general French-speaking adult Quebec population and to highlight the characteristics of the vaccine campaign that were of major importance. METHODS A discrete-choice experiment (DCE) was conducted between April and June 2021, in Quebec, Canada. A quota sampling method by age, gender and educational level was used to achieve a representative sample of the French-speaking adult population. The choice-based exercise was described by seven attributes within a vaccine campaign scenario. A mixed logit (MXL) model and a latent class logit (LCL) model were used to derive utility values. Age, gender, educational level, income and fear of COVID-19 were included as independent variables in the LCL. RESULTS A total of 1883 respondents were included for analysis, yielding 22,586 choices. From these choices, 3425 (15.16%) were refusals. In addition, 1159 (61.55%) individuals always accepted any of the vaccination campaigns, while 92 individuals (4.89%) always refused vaccine alternatives. According to the MXL, relative weight importance of attributes was effectiveness (32.50%), risk of side effects (24.76%), level of scientific evidence (22.51%), number of shots (15.73%), priority population (3.60%), type of vaccine (0.61%), and vaccination location (0.28%). Four classes were derived from the LCL model and attributes were more or less important according to them. Class 1 (19.8%) was more concerned about the effectiveness (27.99%), safety (24.22%) and the number of shots (21.82%), class 2 (55.3%) wanted a highly effective vaccine (40.16%) and class 3 (17.6%) gave high value to the scientific evidence (42.00%). Class 4 preferences (7.4%) were more balanced, with each attribute having a relative weight ranging from 1.84% (type of vaccine) to 21.32% (risk of side effects). Membership posterior probabilities to latent classes were found to be predicted by individual factors such as gender, annual income or fear of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination acceptance relies on multiple factors. This study allowed assessment of vaccination-specific issues through a choice-based exercise and description of factors influencing this choice by segmenting the sample and drawing profiles of individuals. Moreover, besides effectiveness and safety, a major point of this study was to show the importance given by the general population to the level of scientific evidence surrounding vaccines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION A small group of citizens was involved in the conception, design and interpretation of data. Participants of the DCE were all from the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin F. Morillon
- Montpellier Recherche en ÉconomieUniversity of MontpellierAvenue Raymond DugrandMontpellierFrance
| | - Thomas G. Poder
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public HealthUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
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Burns KE, Dubé È, Godinho Nascimento H, Meyer SB. Examining vaccine hesitancy among a diverse sample of Canadian adults. Vaccine 2024; 42:129-135. [PMID: 38103960 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the sociodemographic and individual-level factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in general, including political affiliation and beliefs in vaccine conspiracy theories, in a diverse group of Canadian adults within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. 641 responses were included in the analysis, with those self-identifying as Indigenous, Black Canadian, and low-income (household income <$40,000) being sampled to yield data from historically marginalized populations. Demographic variables and responses to questions on vaccine hesitancy, and beliefs in vaccine conspiracy theories were used to explore explanatory variables of vaccine hesitancy. General linear regression models were fit using the method of least squares via PROC GLM and used to examine sociodemographic and individual explanatory variables of vaccine hesitancy. Age, ethnicity, political affiliation, and beliefs in vaccine conspiracies were associated with vaccine hesitancy. Findings are discussed in relation to the critical role of distrust and misinformation in hesitancy. Our data provide insight into how Canadian provincial governments may promote uptake of vaccines in ways that target diverse groups that may differ from those developed in a pre-pandemic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Burns
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Ève Dubé
- Laval University, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | | | - Samantha B Meyer
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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9
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Miyake H, Sada RM, Tsugihashi Y, Hatta K. Single-centre, cross-sectional study on the factors and reasons for non-vaccination among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 34:79-86. [PMID: 36702156 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the vaccination coverage and the factors associated with non-vaccination for vaccine-preventable diseases among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS This single-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted in a 715-bed regional tertiary-care teaching hospital in Japan from 1 September to 30 November 2020. Vaccination status and the factors and reasons for not receiving the influenza vaccine, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), and varicella vaccine live (VVL) were investigated. RESULTS Among 991 patients, the vaccination coverage for the influenza vaccine, PPSV23, PCV13, and VVL was 62%, 46%, 14%, and 3%, respectively. The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy were efficacy concerns for the influenza vaccine, safety concerns for the PPSV23 and PCV13, and both efficacy and safety concerns for the VVL. Younger age, no use of biologics or other hospital visits, and public assistance were factors significantly associated with non-vaccination for the influenza vaccine; younger age, short disease duration, and no visits to other hospitals for PPSV23; younger age, no hospitalisation, more experienced doctor, and no medical immunodeficiency for PCV13. CONCLUSIONS We found that the factors associated with non-vaccination varied by vaccine type; therefore, vaccinations should be promoted with individualised strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Miyake
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Minoda Sada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan
- Department of Infection Control, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Transformative Protection to Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Tsugihashi
- Medical Home Care Centre, Tenri Hospital Shirakawa Branch, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hatta
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan
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10
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Principe F, Weber G. Online health information seeking and Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy: Evidence from 50+ Europeans. Health Policy 2023; 138:104942. [PMID: 37984096 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We use recently released data from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to investigate the role of online health information seeking on Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy, which is defined as the reluctance or refusal to receive vaccinations despite the availability of vaccines. We adopt an instrumental variable strategy that exploits the computerization of workplaces occurred in the last century to deal with endogeneity. We find that searching for health information strongly reduces vaccine hesitancy. Results also show that individuals whose social networks suffered more during the outbreak, in terms of hospitalisations and deaths, are less likely to be hesitant. Improving individuals' technological skills might have positive spill-over effects for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Principe
- Department of Economics, University of Bergamo, Via dei Caniana 2, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Guglielmo Weber
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Padova, Italy
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11
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de Melo EB, Almeida PD, Pereira BM, Borges PDTM, Gir E, de Araújo TME. Vaccination hesitation in children under five years of age: a scoping review. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76:e20220707. [PMID: 38018617 PMCID: PMC10680390 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to synthesize scientific evidence on vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and its associated factors. METHODS a scoping review, conducted according to the methodological structure proposed by the JBI. Searches were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Scientific Electronic Library Online and PubMed databases, including gray literature. Studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, without temporal delimitation. Editorials, studies that did not address vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and were not aligned with the objective and research question were excluded. The sample consisted of 18 articles. RESULTS misinformation, concern about adverse effects, distrust about efficacy, affliction regarding administration simultaneously, and insecurity in relation to the laboratories were the reported reasons. CONCLUSIONS strategies are needed to combat the lack of information about immunobiological agents, as misinformation was the main factor in parents' vaccine hesitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elucir Gir
- Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cao T, Rishworth A, Wilson K, Ali F, Gallaway T. Lived Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among the Vietnamese Population in the Region of Peel. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01804-1. [PMID: 37821791 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Racial discrimination towards Southeast Asian populations is a longstanding issue in Canada which has intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although extensive work demonstrates inequities among Southeast Asian communities during the pandemic, much work categorizes Asians as one homogenous population neglecting the unique experiences of different Asian subgroups along with the ways COVID-19 differentially affects Southeast Asians. To attend to population variations, this paper explores the lived experiences among Vietnamese individuals during the pandemic in the Peel Region of Ontario Canada. Specifically, this paper examines social and economic impacts of COVID-19, access to healthcare services and vaccines, sources of vaccine information, and impacts of COVID-19 related discrimination among young and older adults. Drawing on in-depth interviews with young and older adults (n=6:8) the results reveal important social and economic impacts created by COVID-19 that vary across generations and impact health and wellbeing. These impacts are challenged further by barriers to healthcare access which were compounded by intersecting inequities experienced among Vietnamese immigrants in the Peel Region. While vaccine hesitancy was not a main concern, the findings demonstrate important generational differences with respect to commonly used and trusted information related to historical events and social media use. Although racial discrimination was a dominant concern, younger participants did not feel unsafe but expressed concern for the safety of their older family members and friends. The study underscores the need to consider historical dynamics and the ways they shape government opinions and trust, experiences of racial discrimination and socio-economic realities among racialized, immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Cao
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Rishworth
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kathi Wilson
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatema Ali
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracey Gallaway
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Nascimento LG, Dubé È, Burns KE, Brown P, Calnan M, Ward PR, Filice E, Herati H, Ike NAU, Rotolo B, Meyer SB. Informing efforts beyond tailored promotional campaigns by understanding contextual factors shaping vaccine hesitancy among equity-deserving populations in Canada: an exploratory qualitative study. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:209. [PMID: 37805472 PMCID: PMC10559625 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy exists on a continuum ranging between complete adherence and complete refusal due to doubts or concerns within a heterogeneous group of individuals. Despite widespread acknowledgement of the contextual factors influencing attitudes and beliefs shaping COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, qualitative research with equity-deserving groups, accounting for unique lived experiences, remains a gap in the literature. We aim to identify and begin to understand and document the unique contextual factors shaping hesitancy by equity-deserving groups as it relates to relationships with government and health authorities. METHODS Participants were recruited and interviewed between Aug-Dec 2021. Semi-structured interviews using a convergent interviewing technique were conducted with individuals from the general population, as well as individuals who identify as First Nations, Métis, or Inuit, members of the LGBT2SQ + community, low-income Canadians, Black Canadians, and newcomers. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed by a team of researchers. Memos were written following interviews and used to complement the thematic analysis of the interview data. Themes are presented in the results section. RESULTS The rationale for hesitancy among equity-deserving groups is consistent with literature documenting hesitancy in the general population. Contextual factors surrounding equity-deserving groups' attitudes and beliefs, however, are unique and relate to a history of oppression, discrimination, and genocide. We identified factors unique to subgroups; for example, religious or fatalistic beliefs among participant who identify as FNMI, fear associated with lack of testing and speed of vaccines' production among participants who identify as FNMI, Black, and LGBT2SQ + , distrust of the healthcare system for LGBT2SQ + and Black Canadians, and distrust of the government and opposition to vaccine mandates for participating who identify as LGBT2SQ + , low-income, FNMI, or Black Canadian. Newcomers stood out as very trusting of the government and accepting of COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS While our data on vaccine hesitancy largely mirror concerns reported in the vast body of literature citing rationale for COVID-19 hesitancy in high-income countries, the contextual factors identified in our work point to the need for wider systemic change. Our results may be used to support efforts, beyond tailored promotion campaigns, to support the confident acceptance of vaccines for COVID-19 and the acceptance of novel vaccines as future infectious diseases emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ève Dubé
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec City, Canada
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14
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Miyake H, Minoda Sada R, Manabe A, Tsugihashi Y, Hatta K. Factors and Reasons for Non-vaccination among Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Single-centre, Cross-sectional Study. Intern Med 2023; 62:2483-2491. [PMID: 36575017 PMCID: PMC10518547 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1067-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to clarify the vaccination coverage of vaccine-preventable diseases and the factors and reasons for non-vaccination among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods This single-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 September to 30 November 2020 in a 715-bed regional tertiary-care teaching hospital in Japan. A questionnaire survey was undertaken to investigate the vaccination status of patients with SLE, and the factors and reasons for not receiving the influenza vaccine, 23-valent-pneumococcal-polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), varicella vaccine live (VVL), and recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV). Results The vaccination coverage for the influenza vaccine, PPSV23, PCV13, VVL, and RZV was 61%, 22%, 19%, 3.4%, and 0%, respectively, among 261 patients. The most common reason for vaccine hesitancy was 'efficacy concerns about vaccines' for the influenza vaccine and 'cost' for PPSV23 and PCV13. The factors significantly associated with non-vaccination were prescription of high-dose glucocorticoids and no history of visits to other internal medicine clinics for the influenza vaccine; a younger age and prescription of high-dose glucocorticoids for PPSV23; and a younger age, no medication with hydroxychloroquine, no history of hospitalisation in internal medicine, and extensive clinical experience of the doctor for PCV13. Conclusion These findings, which demonstrated that the factors and reasons for non-vaccination varied by vaccine type, suggest that individualised strategies should be used to promote vaccination in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Miyake
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Minoda Sada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
- Department of Infection Control, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
- Department of Transformative Protection to Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Manabe
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yukio Tsugihashi
- Medical Home Care Centre, Tenri Hospital Shirakawa Branch, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hatta
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
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15
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Memedovich A, Farkas B, Hollis A, Salmon C, Hu J, Zinszer K, Williamson T, Beall RF. COVID-19 Vaccine's Speed to Market and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Healthc Policy 2023; 19:99-113. [PMID: 37695711 PMCID: PMC10519340 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2023.27153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This paper aims to assess the extent to which the COVID-19 vaccine's speed to market affected Canadian residents' decision to remain unvaccinated. Method A cross-sectional survey conducted in late 2021 asked participants whether they had received the vaccine and their reasons for abstaining. Results Of the 2,712 participants who completed the survey, 8.9% remained unvaccinated. Unvaccinated respondents who selected "They made the vaccine too fast" (59.8%), were significantly more likely to identify as white, believe that the COVID-19 pandemic was not serious and have an unvaccinated social circle. Conclusion Should the COVID-19 vaccine rapid regulatory process be expanded, more patients may refuse treatment than if traditional timelines are followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ally Memedovich
- Research Analyst Department of Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Research Analyst O'Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary, AB
| | - Brenlea Farkas
- Senior Research Associate Department of Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Senior Research Associate O'Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary, AB
| | - Aidan Hollis
- Professor Department of Economics University of Calgary Calgary, AB
| | - Charleen Salmon
- Research Analyst Department of Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Research Analyst O'Brien Institute of Public Health University of Calgary Calgary, AB
| | - Jia Hu
- Medical Officer of Health Alberta Health Services Edmonton, AB
| | - Kate Zinszer
- Associate Professor Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC
| | - Tyler Williamson
- Associate Professor Department of Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Associate Professor O'Brien Institute of Public Health University of Calgary Calgary, AB
| | - Reed F Beall
- Assistant Professor Department of Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Assistant Professor O'Brien Institute of Public Health University of Calgary Calgary, AB
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16
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Alzahrani AA, Alghamdi AN. Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents and Its Determinants During the Era of COVID-19 in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e40404. [PMID: 37456420 PMCID: PMC10347883 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine hesitancy is a growing concern worldwide, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to investigate vaccine hesitancy and its determinants among parents in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among parents using a validated and reliable questionnaire, the parent attitudes about childhood vaccines (PACV). Parents of children aged (two months to seven years) attending primary health care centers (PHCC) outpatient clinics were selected using a stratified sampling technique and interviewed to fill out the pre-structured questionnaire. Result The study included 301 parents, with 41.2% between the ages of 30-39 years and 25.2%% between 40-49 years. Mothers constituted 69.1% of the respondents. The most common sources of information regarding vaccinations were the doctor (34.9%), the internet (27.9%), and social media (16.6%). COVID-19 influenced the beliefs of more than half (52.5%) of parents regarding the importance of vaccinations. The median PACV score for vaccination hesitancy was 23.3/100, interquartile range (IQR) (13.3-33.3). The highest hesitation was among the age group of 30-39 years old (21.6%) and those whose beliefs were not influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic (16.1% vs. 5.7%) (p-value=0.003). The study found a significant difference in vaccine hesitancy rates between the different sources of information (p-value <0.001); parents who got their information about vaccinations from social media were more likely to be hesitant about vaccinations (40%). Concerns about side effects (93.8%), thinking that vaccines are not safe (84.4%), and thinking that fewer vaccines are needed (78.1%) were the top three factors influencing vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion This study urges promoting vaccine uptake through healthcare providers and combating vaccine misinformation on social media. Additionally, addressing safety concerns and misconceptions about vaccine necessity, and focusing on first-time parents, younger parents, and those with lower socioeconomic status are recommended strategies to improve vaccine uptake rates.
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17
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Sampene AK, Li C, Oteng Agyeman F, Brenya R. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics influencing the hesitancy and refusal of COVID-19 vaccine in Ghana. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2023; 11:25151355221149336. [PMID: 36778098 PMCID: PMC9912038 DOI: 10.1177/25151355221149336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ghana was the first country to receive the coronavirus vaccination in West Africa from AstraZeneca or Oxford. Ghana plans to vaccinate 20 million out of the 32 million population and provide the necessary doses utilizing multilateral and bilateral agreements. As Ghana begins vaccinating its citizens, there is some skepticism about administering the coronavirus vaccine (CVV). This research aimed to analyze the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics influencing vaccine hesitancy (VH) and refusal among Ghanaians. Methods The multinomial logistics regression model was employed to investigate the relationship between respondents' socio-demographic characteristics and VH. The research data were gathered between March to June 2021 through an online survey. Findings The findings of this study indicated that approximately 92.75% of the 400 respondents have heard about CVV. The study suggests that less than 5% of the participants have so far received the CVV. Most of the respondents (36.8%) indicated rejecting the CVV. Interestingly, male participants [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.048; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.532-2.063] with higher educational backgrounds (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 0.870-5.121) had higher odds of being CVV hesitant or refusers. Low economic class, rural settlers, unmarried individuals, and unemployed people also had higher odds of being VH or refusers. The survey also shows that most Ghanaians refused to receive the CVV because they did not trust the system to track the vaccine's side or adverse effects. Conclusion Government can use social media platforms and other media platforms to effectively provide relevant information regarding the full benefit and risks of taking the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cai Li
- School of Management, Jiangsu University,
Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Robert Brenya
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing
Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Blasioli E, Mansouri B, Tamvada SS, Hassini E. Vaccine Allocation and Distribution: A Review with a Focus on Quantitative Methodologies and Application to Equity, Hesitancy, and COVID-19 Pandemic. OPERATIONS RESEARCH FORUM 2023; 4:27. [PMCID: PMC10028329 DOI: 10.1007/s43069-023-00194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on vaccine distribution and allocation in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The implications discussed are in the areas of equity in vaccine distribution and allocation (at a national level as well as worldwide), vaccine hesitancy, game-theoretic modeling to guide decision-making and policy-making at a governmental level, distribution and allocation barriers (in particular in low-income countries), and operations research (OR) mathematical models to plan and execute vaccine distribution and allocation. To conduct this review, we adopt a novel methodology that consists of three phases. The first phase deploys a bibliometric analysis; the second phase concentrates on a network analysis; and the last phase proposes a refined literature review based on the results obtained by the previous two phases. The quantitative techniques utilized to conduct the first two phases allow describing the evolution of the research in this area and its potential ramifications in future. In conclusion, we underscore the significance of operations research (OR)/management science (MS) research in addressing numerous challenges and trade-offs connected to the current pandemic and its strategic impact in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Blasioli
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bahareh Mansouri
- grid.412362.00000 0004 1936 8219Sobey School of Business, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Srinivas Subramanya Tamvada
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA, PennsyIvania, USA
| | - Elkafi Hassini
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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19
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Uncovering Public Perceptions of Older Adults' Vaccines in Canada: A Study of Online Discussions from National Media Sources. Can J Aging 2022; 41:657-666. [PMID: 35403587 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980822000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored how a subsection of Canadians perceive older adults' vaccines through a qualitative analysis of comments posted in response to national online news articles. We used reflexive thematic analysis to analyse 147 comments from 31 news article comments sections published between 2015 and 2020 from five different national online news sources (CBC, National Post, Global News, Globe & Mail, and Huffington Post Canada) that focused on three older adults' diseases and vaccines: influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, and herpes-zoster. Three themes encompassed the similarities and differences in how these three diseases were discussed: (1) the importance of personal experiences on stated stance in vaccine uptake or refusal, (2) questioning vaccine research and recommendations, and (3) criticisms of the government's unequal vaccine opportunities across different Canadian provinces. Our findings identified that perceptions regarding older adult vaccination were dependent on the vaccine type, and, therefore, we make suggestions for future researchers to build on our findings, particularly the need not to treat the research subject of "older adults' vaccines" as one entity. Gaining a better understanding of how older adults' vaccines are perceived in Canada will enable public health professionals to develop effective communication strategies that should ultimately improve vaccination rates for older adults.
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20
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Bussink-Voorend D, Hautvast JLA, Vandeberg L, Visser O, Hulscher MEJL. A systematic literature review to clarify the concept of vaccine hesitancy. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1634-1648. [PMID: 35995837 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is considered a top-10 global health threat. The concept of VH has been described and applied inconsistently. This systematic review aims to clarify VH by analysing how it is operationalized. We searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases on 14 January 2022. We selected 422 studies containing operationalizations of VH for inclusion. One limitation is that studies of lower quality were not excluded. Our qualitative analysis reveals that VH is conceptualized as involving (1) cognitions or affect, (2) behaviour and (3) decision making. A wide variety of methods have been used to measure VH. Our findings indicate the varied and confusing use of the term VH, leading to an impracticable concept. We propose that VH should be defined as a state of indecisiveness regarding a vaccination decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Bussink-Voorend
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeannine L A Hautvast
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vandeberg
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Olga Visser
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J L Hulscher
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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21
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Jang SR, Lee SK, Connelly S. Understanding motivations and deterrents for COVID-19 vaccination among US working adults: A mixed method approach. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2132752. [PMID: 36316047 PMCID: PMC9746545 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2132752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and administered in the United States. Despite evidence from clinical trials for the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines, many individuals are still hesitant or even unwilling to receive one. The purposes of this study are (1) to examine characteristics associated with those willing and unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and (2) to illuminate the reasons behind their willingness and unwillingness to receive the vaccine using both quantitative and qualitative data. Data collected from 505 US working adults showed that several demographic variables (i.e. education, the size of their organization, the number of dependents, political orientation, and religion) and influence sources (i.e. family members, workplace leaders, political leaders, social media influencers, and healthcare workers) significantly correlated with people's willingness/unwillingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore, protecting oneself was the most common reason cited by participants for willingness to get the vaccine, while being concerned about vaccine side effects was the most frequently given reason for being unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. This study expands our current understanding of the COVID-19 vaccine motivators and intention factors. Practically, the findings can help develop health campaign messages effectively target working adults who are unwilling to receive the COVID-19 vaccines and ultimately increase the vaccination rate in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Rachel Jang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA,CONTACT Seulki “Rachel” Jang University of Oklahoma, 455 W. Lindsey Street, Room 815b Dale Hall Tower, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Sun Kyong Lee
- School of Media and Communication, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shane Connelly
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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22
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Alsbrooks K, Hoerauf K. Prevalence, causes, impacts, and management of needle phobia: An international survey of a general adult population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276814. [PMID: 36409734 PMCID: PMC9678288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Needle phobia is an overlooked condition that affects virtually all medical procedures. Our study aimed to identify how commonly needle phobia is experienced, its underlying reasons, impacts, and potential mitigation strategies. A global survey was conducted in a general adult population using a questionnaire based on a targeted literature review that identified under-researched areas. The 21-item questionnaire was completed on a secure, web-based survey platform. Statistical analyses and models were utilized to identify relationships between participant characteristics and needle phobia. Of the 2,098 participants enrolled in the study, 63.2% (n = 1,325) reported experiencing needle phobia, and rated the intensity of their fear as 5.7 (±2.6) on average on a scale from 0 (no fear) to 10 (very strong/unreasonable fear or avoidance). According to the logistic regression model, other medical fears (odds coefficient = 2.14) and family history (1.67) were the most important factors associated with needle phobia. General anxiety (96.1%) and pain (95.5%) were the most common reasons for needle fear. Of the participants experiencing needle phobia, 52.2% stated avoiding blood draws, followed by 49.0% for blood donations, and 33.1% for vaccinations. While 24.3% of participants have seen a therapist, most have never sought help. The majority have shared their fear with nurses (61.1%) or physicians (44.4%); however, the provider helpfulness was rated as 4.9 (±3.1) on average on a scale from 0 (unhelpful) to 10 (extremely helpful). Utilizing non-invasive alternatives (94.1%) and smaller needles (91.1%) were most commonly identified as potential device-related solutions to alleviate fear; distractions (92.1%) and relaxation techniques (91.7%) were the top non-device-related approaches. Our findings highlight the prevalent nature of needle phobia and provide insights into its etiology and effects on patient care. Clinician responses were not perceived as helpful, emphasizing the need to address needle phobia, and improve patient experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Alsbrooks
- Becton, Dickinson, and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Klaus Hoerauf
- Becton, Dickinson, and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, United States of America
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Brazilian Adults’ Attitudes and Practices Regarding the Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination and Their Hesitancy towards Childhood Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111853. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the attitudes and practices of Brazilian adults regarding the mandatory COVID-19 vaccination and their hesitancy towards the vaccination of children. Methods: Between March and May 2022, Brazilian adults answered an online questionnaire distributed through social media. The SAGE-WG questionnaire was adapted to measure hesitancy to the vaccination of children. Results: Of the 1007 participants, 67.4% believed that adult COVID-19 vaccination should be mandatory. Just over half of the participants (51.5%) believed that parents and/or guardians should decide if their children should be vaccinated against COVID-19 or not and 9.1% were unsure. Individuals who were younger, non-religious and had higher awareness of COVID-19 risks and critics of the federal government’s performance in combating the pandemic were more likely to agree with mandatory adult vaccination. However, less agreement among parents and/or guardians concerning children’s vaccination was observed, with lower scores for hesitancy to the vaccination of children. Conclusion: In Brazil, there is still far from a consensus on mandatory COVID-19 vaccination for adults and a significant proportion of the population believes that parents and/or guardians should be free to decide on their children’s vaccination. These views are associated with age, religion, knowledge of COVID-19 risks and political inclination.
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24
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Ojewale LY, Afolabi RF, Ogunniyi A. COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude and Its Predictors Among People Living With Chronic Health Conditions in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604811. [PMID: 36312316 PMCID: PMC9613940 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess vaccination attitude and its associated factors among people with chronic health conditions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 423 patients with chronic medical conditions. Data were collected on socio-demographic and COVID-19-related characteristics, via Open Data Kit software. A Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale was adopted. The main outcome was vaccine attitude status defined as positive if a VAX sum score was above the median value; otherwise, non-positive. Data were analysed using Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses, at 5% level of significance. Results: Overall proportion of patients with a positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination uptake was 46.6%. The most influential factor towards positive attitude was rating the government high in handling the pandemic. Other factors were education, income, COVID-19 knowledge and living room arrangement (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Less than half of people living with a chronic medical condition had a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine. The attitudes are strongly mediated by confidence in the government. The government could promote a positive vaccine attitude by improving the clarity of health instructions that shows government transparency and effective communication. These are critical tools for maintaining public trust and confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Yetunde Ojewale
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Rotimi Felix Afolabi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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25
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Ali S, Kammerer E, Thompson G, Mater A, Rajagopal M, Bone JN, Birnie KA, Oberlander T, Chambers CT, Goldman RD. A multicentre Canadian survey of caregiver perspectives on COVID vaccine-related pain and stress for their family. Br J Pain 2022; 16:490-497. [PMID: 36389007 PMCID: PMC9644106 DOI: 10.1177/20494637221090452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Caregiver hesitancy for their children to receive the COVID-19 vaccine remains due to concerns regarding safety and efficacy, but also due to fear of vaccine administration-related pain and distress. Study objectives were to determine caregivers' perceptions regarding both their personal and child's COVID-19 vaccine administration-related stress and fear and relate this to their likelihood to allow their child to receive COVID-19 vaccinations. Methods This study was a secondary data analysis of a multicentre, cross-sectional survey of caregivers presenting to four Canadian pediatric emergency departments. Caregivers were surveyed between December 2020 and March 2021 and completed a digital survey on their own smartphones. Results 331 caregivers responded to the survey (mean age 39.9 years [SD 7.71]); 74.2% (245/331) were mothers. Children's mean age was 8.8 years [SD 5.4]; 49.8% (165/331) were female. 64.1% (209/326) of caregivers were willing to vaccinate their child against COVID-19, while 35.9% (117/326) were not. Greater perceived COVID-19 vaccine administration-related pain (0.88 [0.80; 0.95], p = .003) and stress (0.82 [0.76; 0.89], p = <.001) for their child as well as greater perceived personal stress with their own COVID-19 vaccine administration (0.81 [0.75; 0.88], p = <.001) were associated with caregivers being less likely to vaccinate their child. Conclusions During the time period between COVID-19 pandemic waves 2 and 3, and after the vaccine had been federally approved for adults, one-third of Canadian caregivers surveyed reported being unwilling to vaccinate their child against COVID-19 in the future. Managing children's and caregivers' vaccine administration-related fear and stress may improve vaccine uptake for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Ali
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,
Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research
Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elise Kammerer
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Solutions for Kids in Pain, Halifax,
Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Graham Thompson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency
Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary,
AB, Canada
| | - Ahmed Mater
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine,
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Jim Pattison Children’s Hospital,
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Manasi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Bone
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital
Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kathryn A Birnie
- Solutions for Kids in Pain, Halifax,
Halifax, NS, Canada
- Departments of Anesthesiology,
Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and Community Health Sciences, University of
Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tim Oberlander
- School of Population and Public
Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver,
BC, Canada
| | - Christine T Chambers
- Solutions for Kids in Pain, Halifax,
Halifax, NS, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and
Neuroscience and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia,
Canada
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research,
IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ran D Goldman
- The Pediatric Research in Emergency
Therapeutics (PRETx) Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of
Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research
Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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26
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Yalçin SS, Kömürlüoğlu A, Topaç O. Rates of childhood vaccine refusal in Turkey during 2016-2017: Regional causes and solutions. Arch Pediatr 2022; 29:594-598. [PMID: 36167616 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccine hesitancy is a growing problem globally. This study aimed to detect the rates of vaccine refusal (VR) during childhood in each province and region of Turkey from 2016 to 2017 and to evaluate the experiences of Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) managers regarding childhood VR and opinions to solve and reduce vaccine hesitancy in Turkey. METHODS VR was defined as the refusal to vaccinate for at least one vaccine in children aged 0-23 months. In this descriptive study, information on notified VR cases and recommended solutions from every province in Turkey was accessed by the local EPI manager for the period 2016-2017. The VR rates were calculated. RESULTS From 80 provinces, 8977 VR cases were detected in 2016 (VR rate 3.5‰) and 14,779 cases in 2017 (VR rate 5.9‰; p<0.001). One quarter of Family Health Units reported at least one case of VR. The highest VR rate in children aged under 2 years was in East Marmara (8.4‰) in 2016, and the West Anatolia Region (10.9‰) and East Marmara region (10.9‰) in 2017. Concerns about the vaccine content, harmfulness, and fears about adverse effects were the most common reasons underlying VR. Educating healthcare workers about vaccines and interpersonal communication skills, increasing patient information with informative brochures, and preventing anti-vaccination publications in the media were the most frequent recommendations to solve VR. CONCLUSIONS In Turkey, VR cases continue to increase. Correct and adequate information, effective communication, and trust between healthcare workers and parents can help reduce VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddika Songül Yalçin
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Social Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ayça Kömürlüoğlu
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Osman Topaç
- Ankara Health Directorate Public Health Presidency, Ankara, Turkey
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Dube E, MacDonald SE, Manca T, Bettinger JA, Driedger SM, Graham J, Greyson D, MacDonald NE, Meyer S, Roch G, Vivion M, Aylsworth L, Witteman H, Gélinas-Gascon F, Marques Sathler Guimaraes L, Hakim H, Gagnon D, Béchard B, Gramaccia JA, Khoury R, Tremblay S. Understanding the influence of online information, misinformation, disinformation and reinformation on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: Protocol for a multicomponent study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e41012. [PMID: 36191171 PMCID: PMC9578524 DOI: 10.2196/41012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an explosion in the amount of information shared on the internet, including false and misleading information on SARS-CoV-2 and recommended protective behaviors. Prior to the pandemic, web-based misinformation and disinformation were already identified as having an impact on people’s decision to refuse or delay recommended vaccination for themselves or their children. Objective The overall aims of our study are to better understand the influence of web-based misinformation and disinformation on COVID-19 vaccine decisions and investigate potential solutions to reduce the impact of web-based misinformation and disinformation about vaccines. Methods Based on different research approaches, the study will involve (1) the use of artificial intelligence techniques, (2) a web-based survey, (3) interviews, and (4) a scoping review and an environmental scan of the literature. Results As of September 1, 2022, data collection has been completed for all objectives. The analysis is being conducted, and results should be disseminated in the upcoming months. Conclusions The findings from this study will help with understanding the underlying determinants of vaccine hesitancy among Canadian individuals and identifying effective, tailored interventions to improve vaccine acceptance among them. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/41012
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Dube
- Anthropology Department, Laval University, Pavillon Charles-De Koninck, 1030 Avenue des Sciences humaines, Quebec, CA
| | | | - Terra Manca
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CA
| | - Julie A Bettinger
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CA
| | - S Michelle Driedger
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CA
| | - Janice Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, CA
| | - Devon Greyson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CA
| | | | - Samantha Meyer
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA
| | | | - Maryline Vivion
- Department of Social and Preventive medicine, Laval University, Quebec, CA
| | | | - Holly Witteman
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, CA
| | - Félix Gélinas-Gascon
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, CA
| | | | - Hina Hakim
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, CA
| | - Dominique Gagnon
- Department of Biohazard, Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Québec, CA
| | | | | | - Richard Khoury
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, CA
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Yiannakoulias N, Darlington JC, Slavik CE, Benjamin G. Negative COVID-19 Vaccine Information on Twitter: Content Analysis. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:e38485. [PMID: 36348980 PMCID: PMC9632001 DOI: 10.2196/38485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube, have a role in spreading anti-vaccine opinion and misinformation. Vaccines have been an important component of managing the COVID-19 pandemic, so content that discourages vaccination is generally seen as a concern to public health. However, not all negative information about vaccines is explicitly anti-vaccine, and some of it may be an important part of open communication between public health experts and the community. Objective This research aimed to determine the frequency of negative COVID-19 vaccine information on Twitter in the first 4 months of 2021. Methods We manually coded 7306 tweets sampled from a large sampling frame of tweets related to COVID-19 and vaccination collected in early 2021. We also coded the geographic location and mentions of specific vaccine producers. We compared the prevalence of anti-vaccine and negative vaccine information over time by author type, geography (United States, United Kingdom, and Canada), and vaccine developer. Results We found that 1.8% (131/7306) of tweets were anti-vaccine, but 21% (1533/7306) contained negative vaccine information. The media and government were common sources of negative vaccine information but not anti-vaccine content. Twitter users from the United States generated the plurality of negative vaccine information; however, Twitter users in the United Kingdom were more likely to generate negative vaccine information. Negative vaccine information related to the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine was the most common, particularly in March and April 2021. Conclusions Overall, the volume of explicit anti-vaccine content on Twitter was small, but negative vaccine information was relatively common and authored by a breadth of Twitter users (including government, medical, and media sources). Negative vaccine information should be distinguished from anti-vaccine content, and its presence on social media could be promoted as evidence of an effective communication system that is honest about the potential negative effects of vaccines while promoting the overall health benefits. However, this content could still contribute to vaccine hesitancy if it is not properly contextualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Yiannakoulias
- School of Earth, Environment and Society McMaster University Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - J Connor Darlington
- School of Geography and Environmental Management University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Catherine E Slavik
- Center for Science Communication Research School of Journalism and Communication University of Oregon Eugene, OR United States
| | - Grant Benjamin
- Department of Economics University of Toronto Toronto, ON Canada
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Pringle W, Greyson D, Graham JE, Berman R, Dubé È, Bettinger JA. "Ultimately, the choice is theirs": Informed choice vaccine conversations and Canadian midwives. Birth 2022; 50:461-470. [PMID: 35906826 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Canada, vaccination that protects against pertussis and influenza is recommended in every pregnancy, but uptake remains low. Communicating the risks and benefits of vaccination is key to clinical conversations about vaccination, which may influence the uptake of pregnancy and subsequent infant vaccines. Canadian midwives use an informed choice model of care, which is distinct from informed consent and prioritizes client autonomy in decision-making. METHODS Using institutional ethnography, which treats lived experience as expertise, we aimed to understand how Canadian midwives, governed by intersecting professional standards and regulations, navigate vaccine discussions with their clients. We conducted interviews with individuals involved in midwifery training, regulation, and continuing education, as well as key public health professionals with expertise in immunization training. Following the phases of thematic analysis outlined by Braun and Clarke, data were analyzed holistically, emergent themes identified, and coding categories developed. RESULTS Two types of confidence emerged as important to midwives' ability to conduct a thoroughly informed choice discussion about vaccines: confidence in vaccination itself (vaccine confidence), and confidence in vaccine knowledge and counseling skills (vaccine counseling confidence). A deferred or shortened vaccine discussion could be the result of either vaccine hesitancy or counseling hesitancy. DISCUSSION Currently, available clinical communication tools and recommended techniques for addressing vaccine hesitancy do not always adapt well to the needs of midwives working to support clients' informed choice decisions. Our findings suggest that Canadian midwives require more and clearer resources on both the risks and benefits of vaccination in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Pringle
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Devon Greyson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janice E Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robyn Berman
- Ottawa Birth and Wellness Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ève Dubé
- Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie A Bettinger
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Wawrzuta D, Klejdysz J, Jaworski M, Gotlib J, Panczyk M. Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination on Social Media: A Cross-Platform Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1190. [PMID: 35893839 PMCID: PMC9332808 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media content analysis allowed for tracking attitudes toward newly introduced vaccines. However, current evidence is limited to single social media platforms. Our objective was to compare arguments used by anti-vaxxers in the context of COVID-19 vaccines across Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok. We obtained the data set of 53,671 comments regarding COVID-19 vaccination published between August 2021 and February 2022. After that, we established categories of anti-vaccine content, manually classified comments, and compared the frequency of occurrence of the categories between social media platforms. We found that anti-vaxxers on social media use 14 categories of arguments against COVID-19 vaccines. The frequency of these categories varies across different social media platforms. The anti-vaxxers' activity on Facebook and Twitter is similar, focusing mainly on distrust of government and allegations regarding vaccination safety and effectiveness. Anti-vaxxers on TikTok mainly focus on personal freedom, while Instagram users encouraging vaccination often face criticism suggesting that vaccination is a private matter that should not be shared. Due to the differences in vaccine sentiment among users of different social media platforms, future research and educational campaigns should consider these distinctions, focusing more on the platforms popular among adolescents (i.e., Instagram and TikTok).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wawrzuta
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 81, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (J.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Justyna Klejdysz
- Department of Economics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany;
- ifo Institute, Poschinger Straße 5, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - Mariusz Jaworski
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 81, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (J.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Joanna Gotlib
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 81, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (J.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariusz Panczyk
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 81, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (J.G.); (M.P.)
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Overview of Tools and Measures Investigating Vaccine Hesitancy in a Ten Year Period: A Scoping Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081198. [PMID: 36016086 PMCID: PMC9412526 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of vaccine hesitancy, a growing global concern in the last decade, has been aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for monitoring vaccine sentiments and early detection of vaccine hesitancy in a population recommended by the WHO calls for the availability of contextually relevant tools and measures. This scoping review covers a ten year-period from 2010–2019 which included the first nine years of the decade of vaccines and aims to give a broad overview of tools and measures, and present a summary of their nature, similarities, and differences. We conducted the review using the framework for scoping reviews by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and reported it following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews’ guidelines. Of the 26 studies included, only one was conducted in the WHO African Region. Measures for routine childhood vaccines were found to be the most preponderant in the reviewed literature. The need for validated, contextually relevant tools in the WHO Africa Region is essential, and made more so by the scourge of the ongoing pandemic in which vaccination is critical for curtailment.
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Boccalini S, Vannacci A, Crescioli G, Lombardi N, Del Riccio M, Albora G, Shtylla J, Masoni M, Guelfi MR, Bonanni P, Bechini A. Knowledge of University Students in Health Care Settings on Vaccines and Vaccinations Strategies: Impact Evaluation of a Specific Educational Training Course during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in Italy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071085. [PMID: 35891250 PMCID: PMC9316295 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Training future healthcare professionals on vaccination through specific courses is important to properly promote active immunization among the general population and to fight fake news and false beliefs on vaccinations. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of an elective course about vaccinations on the knowledge of medical students, pharmacy students, and medical resident in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine in Italy. Methods: The participants were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire before and after an elective teaching activity (ETA) on vaccination. The two questionnaires contained the same 30 questions and focused on different aspects of vaccines and vaccination. The students who had attended the seminar were allowed to fulfil the post-lecture questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential analysis were performed on the results; in particular, Student’s t-test for independent samples was used to compare the total score obtained before and after attending the ETA. Results: A total of 449 students participated in the ETA. Overall, the participation in the ETA allowed them to significantly improve their final score (+27.28%, p < 0.001). Good results were obtained even when comparing the three groups (medical students, pharmacy students and medical residents) separately. Females improved more than males, especially among pharmacy students. Discussion: The present study highlights the importance and the impact that extracurricular activities can have in improving knowledge about vaccinations. With vaccination and vaccine hesitancy and acceptance topics with increasing attention paid by the population, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, it is fundamental to develop new strategies to increase future healthcare professionals’ knowledge about vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Boccalini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (P.B.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alfredo Vannacci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.V.); (G.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Giada Crescioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.V.); (G.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Niccolò Lombardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.V.); (G.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Marco Del Riccio
- Medical School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.D.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Albora
- Medical School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.D.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Jonida Shtylla
- SIAF—E-Learning Process Unit and IT Training, Area for the Innovation and Management of Information and Computer Systems, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy;
| | - Marco Masoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Maria Renza Guelfi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Paolo Bonanni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (P.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Angela Bechini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (P.B.); (A.B.)
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Al-Naggar RA, Alshaikhli H, Al-Rashidi RR, Murtagh S. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Sana'a, Yemen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.58-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The development of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is ongoing. This study aimed to prepare for public acceptance of the vaccine. There is a need to identify the current acceptance and potential barriers to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine in Yemen. Understanding the hesitancy and acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine are crucial to develop local evidence-based interventions.
Materials and Methods: Twenty students were interviewed in this study. An interview guide was developed and it addressed the willingness to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine. In-depth interviews were conducted, transcribed, and manually analyzed.
Results: The majority of participants agreed that they would take a COVID-19 vaccine for several reasons, including protection for themselves, their families, and others and to stop the spread of COVID-19, for which the vaccine is important, as in other routine vaccinations. However, some participants shared that they would not take the COVID-19 vaccine due to the following reasons: Concerns regarding the safety of the vaccine; feeling fit and healthy, and thus considering themselves to have strong immunity; feeling that the vaccine was manufactured in a rushed manner and thus it would require approval by the World Health Organization; being previously infected with COVID-19 and considering themselves protected, and placing their trust in God and believing no vaccine was needed.
Conclusion: The willingness to receive a future COVID-19 vaccine was high among medical students. However, some students hesitated to take the vaccine. Therefore, mass media interventions are required to maximize vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisham Alshaikhli
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
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Kogan LR, Rishniw M. Canine and feline core vaccinations: US veterinarians’ concerns and perceived impact of COVID-19 antivaccination views on veterinary medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1482-1488. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.03.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Assess US veterinarians’ perceptions regarding vaccine concerns (their own and owners’) and the association between owners’ vaccine concerns and COVID-19 antivaccination sentiments.
SAMPLE
Members of the Veterinary Information Network.
PROCEDURES
An electronic survey distributed via the Veterinary Information Network data collection portal.
RESULTS
1,341 US veterinarians completed the survey. Top veterinarian concerns for vaccinating a healthy adult dog were anaphylaxis, soreness at injection site, and lethargy; for cats, these concerns included vaccine-associated sarcoma, lethargy, and soreness at injection site. Veterinarians reported that the most common concerns mentioned by owners included that the pet does not go outside, that vaccinations are unnecessary, that vaccinations can lead to chronic or severe illness, and cost. Veterinarians reported an increased number of dog and cat owners reluctant about or resistant to the idea of rabies vaccines and core vaccines since the time that COVID-19 vaccines became widely available. There was an association between veterinarians’ perceptions of local COVID-19 antivaccination sentiments and the increase in the number of vaccine-resistant or -concerned clients.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
There appears to be little overlap between veterinarians’ primary concerns related to vaccinations and their perception of dog and cat owners’ primary concerns. The fact that the number of resistant clients is positively associated with the presence of veterinarians’ perceptions of a local COVID-19 antivaccination sentiment suggests that human antivaccination sentiments impact pet owners’ views of companion animal vaccinations. A better understanding of the cognitive biases that impact owners’ vaccine decisions can help veterinarians better communicate with vaccine-reluctant clients and increase vaccination compliance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R. Kogan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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Stratoberdha D, Gobis B, Ziemczonek A, Yuen J, Giang A, Zed PJ. Barriers to adult vaccination in Canada: A qualitative systematic review. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2022; 155:206-218. [PMID: 35813527 PMCID: PMC9266373 DOI: 10.1177/17151635221090212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: In recent years, Canadian health care professionals have observed an increase in vaccine refusal. The objective of this study is to review published literature and identify the main themes related to vaccine hesitancy and barriers to vaccination in Canadian adults and recent immigrants. Methods: A qualitative systematic review was performed. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE (1946 to January 2021) and EMBASE (1974 to January 2021) was conducted to identify existing literature that addressed the primary research question. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population involved 1) the general population, 2) Indigenous populations, 3) recent immigrants to Canada or 4) Canadian health care professionals. Results: Thirty-four studies were included with a focus on the general population (n = 22), health care professionals (n = 10) and recent immigrant populations (n = 2). The most frequently reported barriers were lack of vaccine information (41%), lack of access to vaccination (38%), fear of adverse reactions (38%), financial reasons (29%), lack of awareness of vaccine existence (29%), antivaccine sentiments (24%), notion that older adults do not need vaccination (18%), misconceptions on vaccine effectiveness (12%), potential sexual health promotion stigma (6%) and fear of needles (3%). Interpretation: Barriers to vaccination among Canadians and recent immigrants continue to be a challenge in the health care system. Conclusions: The greatest yield in improving vaccination rates is likely to come from supporting vaccine-hesitant individuals in shifting their thinking to greater vaccine acceptance. Pharmacists are well positioned to address vaccine hesitancy and involvement through education, facilitation and administration of vaccines. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2022;155:xx-xx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Stratoberdha
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Barbara Gobis
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Adrian Ziemczonek
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Jamie Yuen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Annita Giang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Peter J. Zed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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Ekowo OE, Manafa C, Isielu RC, Okoli CM, Chikodi I, Onwuasoanya AF, Echendu ST, Ihedoro I, Nwabueze UD, Nwoke OC. A cross-sectional regional study looking at the factors responsible for the low COVID-19 vaccination rate in Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41:114. [PMID: 35465378 PMCID: PMC8994467 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.114.30767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 vaccination has been rolled out in Nigeria, with low uptake often attributed to shortage of the vaccine. We set out to find out the current trend so far and to the best of our knowledge, our study is one of the early studies since the roll out in the region looking at the real situation on ground. This will guide multidisciplinary decision making at increasing uptake of the vaccine. Methods this is a descriptive cross-sectional study in the 5 South-Eastern States in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was given to the members of the public to answer themselves or via the help of an interviewer. Data was analysed in SPSS and associations between variables compared using Chi square. Results there are 1283 respondents in this study. Of this number, only 105 (8.2%) have had at least one of the vaccine doses. Stated reasons for not having been vaccinated are side effects (n=370, 31.5%), access to a vaccination centre (n= 239, 20.4%) and belief in one’s own immunity 186 (15.5). Having a health-related degree (p-value of 0.021), non-governmental employees (p-value of 0.003), private sector employees (p-value of 0.029) and public sector employees (p-value of 0.009) are associated with relatively higher vaccination rates. Conclusion vaccination rate in Nigeria is still very low. Fear of side effect which is enhanced by mystical thinking is the leading factor for low turnout not just shortages. All forms of employed jobs, age and higher qualification all have significant p-values (p<0.05) and associated with higher uptake of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chibuzo Manafa
- Royal Stoke University Hospitals, Stoke-on-Trent, England
| | | | - Chinedu Michael Okoli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Alex Ekweme Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Ibe Chikodi
- Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Azuka Favour Onwuasoanya
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Sylvia Tochukwu Echendu
- Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | | | - Uchenna Dean Nwabueze
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Coulaud PJ, Ablona A, Bolduc N, Fast D, Bertrand K, Ward JK, Greyson D, Jauffret-Roustide M, Knight R. COVID-19 vaccine intention among young adults: Comparative results from a cross-sectional study in Canada and France. Vaccine 2022; 40:2442-2456. [PMID: 35305823 PMCID: PMC8890971 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High rates of COVID-19 vaccination uptake are required to attain community immunity. This study aims to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uncertainty and refusal among young adults, an underexplored population with regards to vaccine intention generally, in two high-income settings: Canada and France. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from October to December 2020 among young adults ages 18-29 years (n = 6663) living in Canada (51.9%) and France (48.1%). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the sociodemographic and COVID-19-related measures (e.g., prevention behavior and perspectives, health-related concerns) associated with vaccine uncertainty and refusal. We conducted weighted analyses by age, gender and province/region of residence. RESULTS Intention to accept vaccination was reported by 84.3% and 59.7% of the sample in Canada and France, respectively. Higher levels of vaccine uncertainty and refusal were observed in France compared to Canada (30.1% versus 11%, 10.2% versus 4.7%). In both countries, we found higher levels of vaccine acceptance among young adults who reported COVID-19 prevention actions. Vaccine uncertainty and refusal were associated with living in a rural area, having lower levels of educational attainment, not looking for information about COVID-19, not wearing a face mask, and reporting a lower level of concern for COVID-19's impact on family. Participants who had been tested for COVID-19 were less likely to intend to refuse a vaccine. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was high among young adults in Canada and France during a time in which vaccines were approved for use. Targeted interventions to build confidence in demographic groups with greater hesitance (e.g., rural and with less personal experience with COVID-19) may further boost acceptance and improve equity as vaccine efforts continue to unfold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Julien Coulaud
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Aidan Ablona
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naseeb Bolduc
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Danya Fast
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karine Bertrand
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeremy K Ward
- CERMES3 (Inserm U988/CNRS UMR8211/EHESS/Université de Paris) Paris, France; Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Devon Greyson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Marie Jauffret-Roustide
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre d'Étude des Mouvements Sociaux (EHESS/CNRS UMR8044/INSERM U1276), Paris, France; Baldy Center on Law and Social Policy, Buffalo University, NY, USA
| | - Rod Knight
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Lavoie K, Gosselin-Boucher V, Stojanovic J, Gupta S, Gagné M, Joyal-Desmarais K, Séguin K, Gorin SS, Ribeiro P, Voisard B, Vallis M, Corace K, Presseau J, Bacon S. Understanding national trends in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Canada: results from five sequential cross-sectional representative surveys spanning April 2020-March 2021. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059411. [PMID: 35383087 PMCID: PMC8983402 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine rates of vaccine hesitancy and their correlates among Canadian adults between April 2020 and March 2021. DESIGN Five sequential cross-sectional age, sex and province-weighted population-based samples who completed online surveys. SETTING Canada. PARTICIPANTS A total of 15 019 Canadians aged 18 years and over were recruited through a recognised polling firm (Leger Opinion). Respondents were 51.5% female with a mean age of 48.1 (SD 17.2) years (range 18-95 years) and predominantly white (80.8%). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of vaccine hesitancy over the five surveys (time points) and their sociodemographic, clinical and psychological correlates. RESULTS A total of 42.2% of respondents reported some degree of vaccine hesitancy, which was lowest during surveys 1 (April 2020) and 5 (March 2021) and highest during survey 3 (November 2020). Fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that women, those aged 50 and younger, non-white, those with high school education or less, and those with annual household incomes below the poverty line in Canada were significantly more likely to report vaccine hesitancy, as were essential and healthcare workers, parents of children under the age of 18 and those who do not get regular influenza vaccines. Endorsing prevention behaviours as important for reducing virus transmission and high COVID-19 health concerns were associated with 77% and 54% reduction in vaccine hesitancy, respectively. Having high personal financial concerns was associated with 1.33 times increased odds of vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of targeting vaccine efforts to specific groups by emphasising the outsized health benefits compared with risks of vaccination. Future research should monitor changes in vaccine intentions and behaviour to better understand underlying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lavoie
- Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Gosselin-Boucher
- Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jovana Stojanovic
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samir Gupta
- Keenan Research Center, St Michael's Hospital Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myriam Gagné
- Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keven Joyal-Desmarais
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine Séguin
- Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Paula Ribeiro
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Voisard
- Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael Vallis
- Family Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Corace
- Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Presseau
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Bacon
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Vandeberg L, Meppelink CS, Sanders J, Fransen ML. Facts Tell, Stories Sell? Assessing the Availability Heuristic and Resistance as Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying the Persuasive Effects of Vaccination Narratives. Front Psychol 2022; 13:837346. [PMID: 35330720 PMCID: PMC8940295 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Online vaccine-critical sentiments are often expressed in appealing personal narratives, whereas vaccine-supporting information is often presented in a non-narrative, expository mode describing scientific facts. In two experiments, we empirically test whether and how these different formats impact the way in which readers process and retrieve information about childhood vaccination, and how this may impact their perceptions regarding vaccination. We assess two psychological mechanisms that are hypothesized to underlie the persuasive nature of vaccination narratives: the availability heuristic (experiment 1, N = 418) and cognitive resistance (experiment 2, N = 403). The results of experiment 1 showed no empirical evidence for the availability heuristic, but exploratory analyses did indicate that an anti-vaccination narrative (vs. expository) might reduce cognitive resistance, decrease vaccination attitudes and reduce attitude certainty in a generally pro-vaccination sample, especially for those who were more vaccine hesitant. Preregistered experiment 2 formally tested this and showed that not narrative format, but prior vaccine hesitancy predicts cognitive resistance and post-reading attitudes. Hesitant participants showed less resistance toward an anti-vaccine text than vaccine-supporting participants, as well as less positive post-reading attitudes and attitude certainty. These findings demonstrate belief consistency effects rather than narrative persuasion, which has implications for scientific research as well as public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Vandeberg
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Corine S Meppelink
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - José Sanders
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marieke L Fransen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Mascherini M, Nivakoski S. Social media use and vaccine hesitancy in the European Union. Vaccine 2022; 40:2215-2225. [PMID: 35249775 PMCID: PMC8893322 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy can hinder the successful roll-out of vaccines. This paper examines COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the European Union, drawing from a large-scale cross-national survey covering all 27 EU Member States, carried out between February and March 2021 (n = 29,755). We study the determinants of vaccine hesitancy, focusing on the role of social media use. In multivariate regression models, we find statistically significant (p < 0.05) impacts on vaccine hesitancy of heavy use of social media and using social media as a main source of news. However, the effect of social media and the drivers of vaccine hesitancy vary depending on the reason for hesitancy. Most notably, hesitancy due to health concerns is mainly driven by physical health status and less by social media use, while views that COVID-19 risks are exaggerated (or that COVID-19 does not exist) are more common among men, people in good health, and those using social media as their main source of news.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Mascherini
- Eurofound (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Wyattville Road, Loughlinstown, Co. Dublin, D18 KP65, Ireland).
| | - Sanna Nivakoski
- Eurofound (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Wyattville Road, Loughlinstown, Co. Dublin, D18 KP65, Ireland)
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de Vries H, Verputten W, Preissner C, Kok G. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: The Role of Information Sources and Beliefs in Dutch Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3205. [PMID: 35328892 PMCID: PMC8948729 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy may be regarded as a new pandemic hindering the elimination of or coping with COVID-19. This study assessed reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy using the I-Change Model (ICM) by considering the role of informational and psychosocial factors. A cross-sectional online survey using a convenience sample was conducted among Dutch adults (n = 240). The questionnaire assessed information factors, predisposing factors, awareness factors, motivational factors, preparatory actions, and vaccination intention. Vaccine hesitant participants (n = 58, 24%) had lower levels of education, more often paid work, and tended to have a religion other than Catholicism. They used written media less often and tended to visit websites of public health organizations less often, but used messaging services like WhatsApp more frequently. All participants had neutral intentions towards checking information credibility. Vaccine hesitant respondents had less knowledge about vaccination, lower perceived severity of getting sick and dying of COVID-19, and reported fewer exposures to cues about the advantages of COVID-19 vaccination. They were less convinced of the emotional and rational advantages of COVID-19 vaccination and expressed more negative feelings about it. They also reported more negative social norms concerning COVID-19 vaccination, and lower self-efficacy to get vaccinated and to cope with potential side-effects. The regression model explained 58% of the variance in vaccination intention. The results suggest that strategies are needed to: 1. Reduce fake news and stimulate information checking to foster well-informed decision-making; 2. Target both rational and emotional consequences of COVID-19, in addition to strategies for optimizing levels of knowledge. Campaigns should acknowledge the perceptions of the emotional disadvantages and increase perceptions of emotional advantages of COVID-19 vaccinations, such as reducing feelings of regret, and increasing feelings of freedom and reassurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (W.V.); (C.P.)
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Verputten
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (W.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Christian Preissner
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (W.V.); (C.P.)
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo Kok
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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Morillon GF, Poder TG. Public Preferences for a COVID-19 Vaccination Program in Quebec: A Discrete Choice Experiment. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2022; 40:341-354. [PMID: 35048317 PMCID: PMC8769946 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-021-01124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to elicit preferences of the French-speaking Quebec population regarding a COVID-19 vaccination program and to characterize individuals with respect to their vaccination behaviors. METHODS A discrete choice experiment was conducted in Autumn 2020 via a web-based survey. Its design included seven attributes: vaccine origin, vaccine effectiveness, side effects, protection duration, priority population, waiting time to get vaccinated, and recommender of the vaccine. Utilities were estimated using a mixed-logit model and a latent class logit model. RESULTS Our sample included 1599 individuals. From this total, 119 always chose the opt-out option (7.4%). According to the mixed-logit model, the relative weights of attributes were as follows: effectiveness (28.48%), side effects (23.68%), protection duration (17.41%), vaccine origin (12.75%), recommender (11.96%), waiting time to get vaccinated (3.62%), and priority population (2.11%). Five classes were derived from the latent class logit model. Class 1 (9.13%) wanted to get vaccinated as fast as possible and was composed of uncertain and more vulnerable individuals. Class 5 (25.14%) was similar to the full sample, mostly favoring vaccination. Classes 2 (7.69%) and 4 (15.82%) included "vaccine hesitant and demanding" individuals but were different in their sociodemographic profiles. Finally, "anti-vaccine" and other "vaccine hesitant" individuals were in class 3 (42.21%). CONCLUSIONS This study showed the vaccine characteristics that are likely to improve vaccine uptake, which may more easily lead to herd immunity. Different profiles of respondents also showed various levels of acceptance toward a COVID-19 vaccination program, which may help to better understand vaccine hesitancy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin F Morillon
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 7101 Parc Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, CIUSSS de l'Est de l'île de Montréal, 7331 rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
- Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations, 1130 Rue Sherbrooke O #1400, Montreal, QC, H3A 2M8, Canada
| | - Thomas G Poder
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 7101 Parc Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, CIUSSS de l'Est de l'île de Montréal, 7331 rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.
- Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations, 1130 Rue Sherbrooke O #1400, Montreal, QC, H3A 2M8, Canada.
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Hanik B, Stellefson M, Wang MQ. What Does COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Really Mean? Interpreting Clinical Trial Results in the Context of Relative and Absolute Risk Reduction. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2021.2019627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rosas SL, Simpson HJ, Martinez C, Walker JA, Forster J, Deyo-Svendsen M, Phillips M, Evers K. Improving Immunization Rates During the 2019 Measles Outbreak. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319211069271. [PMID: 35144495 PMCID: PMC8841912 DOI: 10.1177/21501319211069271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, there were multiple outbreaks of measles in the United States. In the context of the public awareness of these outbreaks, we performed an intervention with the intent to improve the rate of measles immunization in our pediatric population. Pediatric patients that were lacking adequate measles immunization were identified by electronic medical record (EMR) survey. Charts were reviewed and updated if records were found to be incomplete. Parents of the remaining children were sent a letter, personally signed by the child’s primary care provider, encouraging measles immunization. A measles fact sheet, produced by the United States Center for Disease Control, was also included with the letter. There were 44 patients in the study group whose parents received a letter and measles fact sheet. As a result, 5 of these children were brought in for a measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) immunization. The 44 patients whose parents received a letter included 20 patients whose parents had previously expressed intent to not vaccinate their children as documented in the EMR. None of these children received an MMR immunization. Although small in scope, this project provides a glimpse into the importance of personal provider guidance to parents who are inclined to immunize their children. Unfortunately, it also demonstrated that provider advice did not change the opinions of parents who had already taken a stance against vaccination, even in the context of an urgent public health situation that had garnered widespread coverage in the lay press and social media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry J Simpson
- Mayo Clinic Health System Red Cedar-Family Medicine, Menomonie, WI, USA
| | | | - James A Walker
- Mayo Clinic Health System Red Cedar-Family Medicine, Menomonie, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy Forster
- Mayo Clinic Health System Red Cedar-Pediatrics, Menomonie, WI, USA
| | | | - Michael Phillips
- Mayo Clinic Health System Red Cedar-Family Medicine, Menomonie, WI, USA
| | - Kaylie Evers
- University of Minnesota Medical School Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Rosenthal S, Cummings CL. Influence of rapid COVID-19 vaccine development on vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine 2021; 39:7625-7632. [PMID: 34802786 PMCID: PMC8590511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the race to deploy vaccines to prevent COVID-19, there is a need to understand factors influencing vaccine hesitancy. Secondary risk theory is a useful framework to explain this, accounting for concerns about vaccine efficacy and safety. METHODS During the first week of July, 2020, participants (N = 216) evaluated one of three different hypothetical vaccine scenarios describing an FDA-approved vaccine becoming available "next week," "in one year," or "in two years." Dependent variables were perceived vaccine efficacy, self-efficacy, perceived vaccine risk, and vaccination willingness. Covariates included vaccine conspiracy beliefs, science pessimism, media dependency, and perceived COVID-19 risk. Data analysis employed multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). RESULTS Perceived vaccine efficacy was lowest for the next-week vaccine (η2p = .045). Self-efficacy was higher for the two-year vaccine than the next-week vaccine (η2p = .029). Perceived vaccine risk was higher for the next-week vaccine than for the one-year vaccine (η2p = .032). Vaccination willingness did not differ among experimental treatments. In addition, vaccine conspiracy beliefs were negatively related to perceived vaccine efficacy (η2p = .142), self-efficacy (η2p = .031), and vaccination willingness (η2p = .143) and positively related to perceived vaccine risk (η2p = .216). CONCLUSIONS The rapid development of the COVID-19 vaccine may have heightened public concerns over efficacy, availability, and safety. However, the current findings showed a general willingness to take even the most rapidly developed vaccine. Nonetheless, there remains a need to communicate publicly and transparently about vaccine efficacy and safety and work to reduce vaccine conspiracy beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny Rosenthal
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Christopher L Cummings
- United States Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center (contractor), North Carolina State University, Iowa State University, United States
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Kennedy EB, Daoust JF, Vikse J, Nelson V. "Until I Know It's Safe for Me": The Role of Timing in COVID-19 Vaccine Decision-Making and Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1417. [PMID: 34960162 PMCID: PMC8705559 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing the COVID-19 pandemic-and other communicable diseases-involves broad societal uptake of vaccines. As has been demonstrated, however, vaccine uptake is often uneven and incomplete across populations. This is a substantial challenge that must be addressed by public health efforts. To this point, significant research has focused on demographic and attitudinal correlates with vaccine hesitancy to understand uptake patterns. In this study, however, we advance understandings of individual decision-making processes involved in vaccine uptake through a mixed-methods investigation of the role of timing in COVID-19 vaccine choices. In the first step, a survey experiment, we find the timing of vaccine rollout (i.e., when a vaccine becomes available to the respondent) has a significant impact on public decision-making. Not only is there a higher level of acceptance when the vaccine becomes available at a later time, but delayed availability is correlated with both lower levels of 'desire to wait' and 'total rejection' of the vaccine. In a second step, we explore associated qualitative data, finding that temporal expressions (i.e., professing a desire to wait) can serve as a proxy for underlying non-temporal rationales, like concerns around safety, efficacy, personal situations, or altruism. By identifying these patterns, as well as the complexities of underlying factors, through a mixed-methods investigation, we can inform better vaccine-related policy and public messaging, as well as enhance our understanding of how individuals make decisions about vaccines in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Kennedy
- Disaster and Emergency Management, School of Administrative Studies, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jean-François Daoust
- Politics & International Relations, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK;
| | - Jenna Vikse
- Discourse, Science, Publics Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.V.); (V.N.)
| | - Vivian Nelson
- Discourse, Science, Publics Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.V.); (V.N.)
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Khankeh HR, Farrokhi M, Khanjani MS, Momtaz YA, Forouzan AS, Norouzi M, Ahmadi S, Harouni GG, Roudini J, Ghanaatpisheh E, Hamedanchi A, Pourebrahimi M, Alipour F, Ranjbar M, Naghikhani M, Saatchi M. The Barriers, Challenges, and Strategies of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccine Acceptance: A Concurrent Mixed-Method Study in Tehran City, Iran. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1248. [PMID: 34835179 PMCID: PMC8620861 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acceptance and willingness to receive the vaccine are among the main factors in the success or failure of a health system in implementing the vaccination program. The present study was conducted in Tehran, the political and economic capital of Iran, to determine the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and identify its associated factors, and explain the most important barriers and acceptance strategies for vaccination. This research was a concurrent quantitative and qualitative mixed-method study. In the quantitative part, 1200 individuals aged more than 18 years were selected from the households in 22 districts of Tehran City, with a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. Two questionnaires were used to evaluate the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and vaccine acceptance determinants. The qualitative content analysis method addressed the influencing factors, as well as challenges and strategies related to the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in four groups of Tehran inhabitants: the elderly, people with underlying diseases, healthcare workers, and the general population. The related data were simultaneously collected by applying in-depth semi-structural interviews and a data analysis process. Furthermore, we used the Graneheim and Lundman method for data analysis. We analyzed the data of 1200 people with a mean (SD) age of 46.4 (11.1) years, and approximately 58% of them were men. The vaccine acceptance was 83.6% (95% CI: 81.3-85.9). Among those who welcomed vaccination, 58% preferred the imported vaccines, 25% the Iranian ones, and 17% both. There was a significant association between the variables of age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.01-2.93), being single (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.41-0.91), moderate pharmacotherapy adherence (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.4-0.85), and the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Qualitative study after interviewing 45 people from four study groups showed an insufficient social trust in healthcare system officials, pharmaceutical and vaccine production companies; distrust in the effectiveness of the vaccines, concerns about the vaccine adverse effects, being tracked by microchips after vaccination, traditional anti-vaccination movements, the feeling the inessentiality of vaccination, and uncertainty about the fair distribution of the vaccine. These concerns were the main challenges addressed by the study groups. A good proportion of Tehran residents reported their willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, they expressed their critical concerns, such as insufficient trust in the healthcare system, vaccine safeties, and adverse effects that were the significant barriers to vaccine acceptance. It seems that conflicts raised by the shortage of vaccines and their import due to the sanctions have led to intense desire and demand in the general population, and especially the elderly, for vaccination. Besides, vaccination phobia in some individuals requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Khankeh
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran; (H.R.K.); (M.F.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (E.G.); (M.R.)
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehrdad Farrokhi
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran; (H.R.K.); (M.F.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (E.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Mohammad Saeed Khanjani
- Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran;
| | - Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran; (Y.A.M.); (A.H.)
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ameneh Setareh Forouzan
- Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran; (A.S.F.); (G.G.H.)
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran;
| | - Shokoufeh Ahmadi
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran; (H.R.K.); (M.F.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (E.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni
- Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran; (A.S.F.); (G.G.H.)
| | - Juliet Roudini
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran; (H.R.K.); (M.F.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (E.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Elham Ghanaatpisheh
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran; (H.R.K.); (M.F.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (E.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Arya Hamedanchi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran; (Y.A.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Mohammad Pourebrahimi
- Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Fardin Alipour
- Research Center of Social Welfare Management, Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran;
| | - Maryam Ranjbar
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran; (H.R.K.); (M.F.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (E.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Mehrdad Naghikhani
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Saatchi
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713871, Iran; (H.R.K.); (M.F.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (E.G.); (M.R.)
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48
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Tal O, Ne'eman Y, Sadia R, Shmuel R, Schejter E, Bitan M. Parents' attitudes toward children's vaccination as a marker of trust in health systems. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4518-4528. [PMID: 34613882 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1971472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Children's vaccination is a major goal in health-care systems worldwide; nevertheless, disparities in vaccination coverage expose socio-demographic accessibility gaps, unawareness, physicians' disapproval and parents' incomplete adherence reflecting insufficient public-provider trust. Our goal was to analyze parents' attitude toward children's vaccination in correlation with trust among stakeholders. A total of 1031 parents replied to a "snowball" questionnaire; 72% reported high trust in their physician, 42% trusted the authorities, 11% trusted internet groups. Among minorities, parents who fully vaccinate their children were younger, live in urban areas, eat all kinds of foods and trust the authorities, similar to the general population. Low adherence to children's vaccination was correlated with trusting internet groups. Females complied significantly more to child vaccination, although in our study mothers were more highly educated and trusted authorities more than males. The results enable to draw a profile of the "vaccination compliant parent" (with an academic degree, young, urban, eats all kinds of foods, uses conservative medicine). Trust is a major factor influencing vaccination, yet external forces such as community voices, social trends and opinions of religious leaders may play a role in vaccination adherence, beyond personal beliefs, individual habits and self-care. In Israel, education and "healthy behavior" perception alongside generous coverage encourage most parents to comply with the routine vaccination program. In the shade of pandemic outbreaks, we suggest a social-determinant transparent approach to encourage parents to vaccinate their children. Social and religious leaders can pose as agents of change, especially in the case of less educated parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Tal
- Medical Management Program, Israel Academic College, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Israeli Center for Emerging Technologies, ICET, Zrifin, Israel
| | - Yifat Ne'eman
- Medical Management Program, Israel Academic College, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rotem Sadia
- Medical Management Program, Israel Academic College, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rouchama Shmuel
- Medical Management Program, Israel Academic College, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eitan Schejter
- Medical Management Program, Israel Academic College, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Bitan
- Medical Management Program, Israel Academic College, Ramat Gan, Israel
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49
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Ala A, Wilder J, Jonassaint NL, Coffin CS, Brady C, Reynolds A, Schilsky ML. COVID-19 and the Uncovering of Health Care Disparities in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada: Call to Action. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1791-1800. [PMID: 34558861 PMCID: PMC8426700 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created a crisis that disproportionately affected populations already disadvantaged with respect to access to health care systems and adequate medical care and treatments. Understanding how and where health care disparities are most widespread is an important starting point for exploring opportunities to mitigate such disparities, especially within our patient population with liver disease. In a webinar in LiverLearning, we discussed the impact of the pandemic on the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, highlighting the disproportionate effects on infection rates and death for certain ethnic minorities, those socioeconomically disadvantaged and living in higher density areas, and those working in health care and other essential jobs. We set forth a "call to action" for members of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the larger community of providers of liver disease care to generate viable solutions to improve access to care and vaccination rates of our patients against COVID-19, and in general help reduce health care disparities and improve the health of disadvantaged populations within their communities. Solutions will likely involve personalized interventions and messaging for communities that honor local leaders and embrace the diverse needs and different cultural sensitivities of our unique patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ala
- Institute of Liver StudiesKings College HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRoyal Surrey NHS Foundation TrustGuildfordUnited Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineFHMSUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Julius Wilder
- Department of MedicineDivision of GastroenterologyDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | | | - Carla S Coffin
- Department of MedicineCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryALCanada
| | - Carla Brady
- Department of MedicineDivision of GastroenterologyDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
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50
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Bettinger JA, Rubincam C, Greyson D, Weissinger S, Naus M. Exploring vaccination practices of midwives in British Columbia. Birth 2021; 48:428-437. [PMID: 33960009 PMCID: PMC8453565 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Registered midwives in British Columbia (BC) are primary health care practitioners for healthy people throughout pregnancy and for approximately 6 weeks postpartum. BC registered midwives are authorized to prescribe and administer certain vaccines to adults under their care during the perinatal period and hepatitis B vaccine to high-risk newborns. However, little has been documented about their recommendations for, and administration of, prenatal and infant vaccinations. This study surveyed midwives currently practicing in British Columbia to understand their vaccination practices. METHODS An online survey was administered to the members of the Midwives Association of BC in spring 2018. Outcome measures were the proportion of midwives who discussed, recommended, and administered the following vaccines: influenza, varicella, rubella, and infant hepatitis B. The proportion of midwives who discussed and recommended infant vaccines was measured. Barriers to discussion, recommendation, and administration of vaccines were captured. RESULTS Sixty-three percent of 108 respondents administered vaccines to their clients. Hepatitis B and rubella were the most frequent vaccines administered. Logistical concerns were the greatest barrier to vaccine administration. This was followed by the perception that vaccine administration is not within the scope of practice of midwives, especially for influenza vaccine. Midwives who administered vaccines were significantly more likely to discuss and recommend vaccines to their clients and their infants. CONCLUSIONS The majority of BC midwives discuss, recommend, and administer vaccines to their clients. Our survey highlighted key areas to address to strengthen midwifery capacity to discuss, recommend, and provide prenatal and infant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Bettinger
- Vaccine Evaluation CenterBC Children’s HospitalVancouverBCCanada,University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Clara Rubincam
- Vaccine Evaluation CenterBC Children’s HospitalVancouverBCCanada,University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Devon Greyson
- Vaccine Evaluation CenterBC Children’s HospitalVancouverBCCanada,University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sandra Weissinger
- University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada,Department of MidwiferyBC Women's Hospital and Health Center and Providence Health CareSt. Paul's HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - Monika Naus
- University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada,Communicable Diseases and Immunization ServiceBC Centre for Disease ControlVancouverBCCanada
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