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Auer S, Penikalapati R, Parekh N, Merdjanoff AA, DiClemente RJ, Ali SH. 'We know what he likes, even if he doesn't know': how the children of South Asian immigrants characterize and influence the diets of their parents. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2024; 39:131-142. [PMID: 37625004 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Foreign-born (first-generation) South Asians face a growing diet-related chronic disease burden. Little is known about whether the adult US-born (second-generation) children of South Asian immigrants can provide unique insights as changemakers in their parents' dietary behaviors. This study aims to assess how second-generation South Asians describe and influence the dietary behaviors of their parents. Between October and November 2020, 32 second-generation South Asians [mean age 22.4 (SD 2.9), 53% female] participated in online interviews centered around factors involved in their (and their parents) eating behaviors. Thematic analysis revealed three types of parental dietary drivers (socioecological factors that impact the dietary choices of parents): goal-oriented (i.e., parents' dietary intentionality), capacity-related (e.g., environmental barriers) and sociocultural (cultural familiarity, religion and traditions). Participants described three major mechanisms of influence: recommending new foods, cooking for parents, and bringing new foods home. These influences primarily occurred in the household and often involved participants leveraging their own nutritional knowledge and preferences to expand dietary diversity and healthier behaviors among their parents. Evidence suggests that second-generation South Asians may act as powerful agents of dietary change within their households and can provide novel insights to help address and overcome sociocultural, linguistic, and other structural barriers to better understanding and intervening in the health of the South Asian community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Auer
- New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Rushitha Penikalapati
- New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Niyati Parekh
- New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
- New York University Rory College of Nursing, 433 1st Ave, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Alexis A Merdjanoff
- New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Ralph J DiClemente
- New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Shahmir H Ali
- New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Goon S, Chapman-Novakofski K. Call for Cultural and Language-Concordant Diabetes Care, Nutrition Education, and Self-Management for South Asian Individuals Living in the US. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:905-913. [PMID: 37943229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Ethnic South Asian Americans have the highest relative risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the US. Culturally tailored and language-concordant diabetes care and nutrition interventions can potentially promote South Asian diabetes management and disease progression. From our perspective, the extent of their use and evaluation in the US settings remains limited. This Perspective characterizes and evaluates the necessity and outcomes of culturally and linguistically adapted lifestyle interventions targeted toward type 2 diabetes mellitus indicators among South Asian individuals in the US. Suggestions for how this education could be modified include emphasizing the cultural and linguistic knowledge and self-awareness of diabetes educators and the sociological and historical factors that influence the cultural and linguistic orientation of diabetes care professionals and their clients. Such strategies could ensure better diabetes education and self-management among South Asian individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatabdi Goon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Adeyemi-Benson OS, Roehll AM, Flores E, Singleton CR. Differences in Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality among Non-Hispanic Black Adults by Place of Birth and Length of Time in the United States. Nutrients 2023; 15:3644. [PMID: 37630834 PMCID: PMC10459555 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior research suggests that migrating to the United States (US) can negatively affect the diets and health of immigrants. There is limited information on how relocating to the US affects the diets of Black-identifying immigrants. To address this gap, this study examined differences in nutrient intake and diet quality among non-Hispanic Black adults by place of birth and length of time in the US. Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2016) were analyzed. Approximately 6508 non-Hispanic Black adults were categorized into three groups: foreign-born (FB) living in the US <10 years (n = 167), FB living in the US ≥ 10 years (n = 493), and US-born (n = 5848). Multivariable-adjusted logistic and linear regression models were evaluated to identify differences in nutrient intake and diet quality (as measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) of 2015) across the three groups when controlling for socio-demographics. Compared to US-born adults, both FB groups had significantly higher HEI-2015 scores and higher odds of meeting dietary recommendations for several nutrients: saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol. There were no differences in nutrient intake between the two FB groups; however, FB (<10 years) adults had better diet quality than FB (≥10 years) ones. Place of birth and length of time in the US were associated with dietary intake among non-Hispanic Black adults. More research is needed to improve understanding of dietary acculturation among Black-identifying immigrants in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafikayo S. Adeyemi-Benson
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
| | - Alexandra M. Roehll
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
| | - Edson Flores
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Chelsea R. Singleton
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
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Hussain BM, Talegawkar SA, Shivakoti R, Parekh N. A need for diet assessment technology for South Asians living in the USA. Transl Behav Med 2022; 12:761-763. [PMID: 35674338 PMCID: PMC9260057 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
South Asians are among the fastest growing ethnic group in the USA yet remain understudied in epidemiologic studies. Due to their unique disease profile, identifying risk moderators and mitigators, such as dietary patterns and food intake, will help to determine the diet-disease relationship that is specific to this largely immigrant population group in the USA. The aim of this commentary is to highlight the dietary traditions and acculturated practices experienced by South Asians in the USA with a call for a diet assessment instrument that adequately captures their dietary diversity. Specifically, we call for (i) the inclusion of traditional food items, such as herbs and spices, that individualize diet assessment for participants; and (ii) leveraging technology that will enhance the experience of diet assessment for both researchers and participants, tailoring the collection of habitual dietary intake in this diverse population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Murphy Hussain
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sameera A Talegawkar
- Departments of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health at The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Rupak Shivakoti
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niyati Parekh
- Public Health Nutrition Program, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Ali SH, Gupta S, Tariq M, Penikalapati R, Vasquez-Lopez X, Auer S, Hanif C, Parekh N, Merdjanoff AA, DiClemente RJ. Mapping drivers of second-generation South Asian American eating behaviors using a novel integration of qualitative and social network analysis methods. Ecol Food Nutr 2022; 61:503-521. [DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2022.2056166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahmir H. Ali
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Srishti Gupta
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Maham Tariq
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Rushitha Penikalapati
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Xilonen Vasquez-Lopez
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Sian Auer
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Channan Hanif
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Niyati Parekh
- Public Health Nutrition Program, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Alexis A. Merdjanoff
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Ralph J. DiClemente
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
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Lim S, Wyatt LC, Mammen S, Zanowiak JM, Mohaimin S, Troxel AB, Lindau ST, Gold HT, Shelley D, Trinh-Shevrin C, Islam NS. Implementation of a multi-level community-clinical linkage intervention to improve glycemic control among south Asian patients with uncontrolled diabetes: study protocol of the DREAM initiative. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:233. [PMID: 34814899 PMCID: PMC8609264 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies have identified patient-, provider-, and community-level barriers to effective diabetes management among South Asian Americans, who have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes. However, no multi-level, integrated community health worker (CHW) models leveraging health information technology (HIT) have been developed to mitigate disease among this population. This paper describes the protocol for a multi-level, community-clinical linkage intervention to improve glycemic control among South Asians with uncontrolled diabetes. METHODS The study includes three components: 1) building the capacity of primary care practices (PCPs) to utilize electronic health record (EHR) registries to identify patients with uncontrolled diabetes; 2) delivery of a culturally- and linguistically-adapted CHW intervention to improve diabetes self-management; and 3) HIT-enabled linkage to culturally-relevant community resources. The CHW intervention component includes a randomized controlled trial consisting of group education sessions on diabetes management, physical activity, and diet/nutrition. South Asian individuals with type 2 diabetes are recruited from 20 PCPs throughout NYC and randomized at the individual level within each PCP site. A total of 886 individuals will be randomized into treatment or control groups; EHR data collection occurs at screening, 6-, 12-, and 18-month. We hypothesize that individuals receiving the multi-level diabetes management intervention will be 15% more likely than the control group to achieve ≥0.5% point reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 6-months. Secondary outcomes include change in weight, body mass index, and LDL cholesterol; the increased use of community and social services; and increased health self-efficacy. Additionally, a cost-effectiveness analysis will focus on implementation and healthcare utilization costs to determine the incremental cost per person achieving an HbA1c change of ≥0.5%. DISCUSSION Final outcomes will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of a multi-level, integrated EHR-CHW intervention, implemented in small PCP settings to promote diabetes control among an underserved South Asian population. The study leverages multisectoral partnerships, including the local health department, a healthcare payer, and EHR vendors. Study findings will have important implications for the translation of integrated evidence-based strategies to other minority communities and in under-resourced primary care settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03333044 on November 6, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahnah Lim
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Laura C Wyatt
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Shinu Mammen
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jennifer M Zanowiak
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sadia Mohaimin
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Andrea B Troxel
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Stacy Tessler Lindau
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine-Geriatrics, The University of Chicago, 5841 Maryland Avenue MC 2050, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Heather T Gold
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, VZ30, 6th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Donna Shelley
- Department of Public Health Policy and Management Department, NYU Global School of Public Health, 665 Broadway, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Nadia S Islam
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Association between dairy product intake and body composition among South Asian adults from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:1100-1109. [PMID: 33308330 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
South Asians, who are at a disproportionately greater risk of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), represent a rapidly growing population in the USA. The relationship between dairy products, a major component of South Asian diets, and body composition - an established risk factor for ASCVD, is unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine associations between dairy intake and multiple measures of body composition (BMI, waist and hip circumference, waist:hip ratio, abdominal lean mass, subcutaneous, visceral, and intermuscular fat areas) among South Asian adults in the USA. A baseline analysis was conducted using existing data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America cohort. In women, the highest (>1·9 servings/d) v. lowest (<1 serving/d) tertile of dairy intake was associated with 53 % lower odds of a waist circumference >80 cm (95 % CI 0·25, 0·89, Pfor trend<0·05). No associations were observed between dairy intake and measures of body composition. However, >3 servings of low-fat yogurt/week was associated with a 9·9 cm2 lower visceral fat area (95 % CI -19·07, -0·72, P<0·05) and 2·3 cm2 lower intermuscular fat area (95 % CI -3·76, -0·79, P<0·05) as compared with those with three servings/week. Milk and cheese were not associated with body composition measures. These analyses suggest that higher consumption of low-fat yogurt is associated with lower visceral and intermuscular fat in the whole sample, and women with higher dairy intake have lower waist circumference. Our study supports dietary incorporation of dairy products, and recognises the utility of multidimensional measures of central adiposity.
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Abstract
Acculturation may influence diet pattern, a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. We assessed whether strength of traditional cultural beliefs and practices, a robust measure of acculturation, affects diet pattern among South Asians in America. With data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort, we used ordinal logistic regression to assess the association between strength of traditional cultural beliefs, 6 cultural practices and diet pattern. Of 892 participants, 47% were women. Weaker traditional cultural beliefs [OR(95%CI) 1.07(1.04,1.10)] and cultural practices (p < 0.05) were associated with consuming more of the Animal Protein dietary pattern and less [0.95(0.93,0.97)] of the Fried snacks, Sweets, High-fat dairy (FSHD) pattern (P < 0.05). South Asians in America with stronger traditional cultural beliefs and practices were more likely to consume the FSHD pattern. Prevention programs may consider dietary pattern modification as part of comprehensive risk reduction in South Asians.
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Colorectal Cancer-Related Knowledge, Acculturation, and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among Low-Income Vietnamese Americans in the Greater Philadelphia Metropolitan Area. J Community Health 2020; 45:1178-1186. [PMID: 33026553 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second and fourth most common cancer in Vietnamese American women and men, respectively. Recent research has highlighted the importance of modifiable lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, alcohol use, dietary behaviors, and physical activities in CRC prevention for the general population. However, it is not well understood how well Vietnamese Americans knew about CRC prevention and risk factors, and whether there were any disparities in knowledge within this vulnerable population. This study examined whether comprehensive measures of acculturation and knowledge of CRC risk are associated with different health behaviors, specifically physical activity, protective dietary behaviors, and risky dietary behaviors in Vietnamese Americans. We recruited 374 Vietnamese Americans aged 50 or above from community-based organizations in the Vietnamese American communities in the greater Philadelphia metropolitan area. Through a cross-sectional survey, we collected data on their knowledge of CRC prevention and risk factors, acculturation-related factors, and sociodemographic characteristics. We found limited knowledge of CRC prevention and risk factors, and suboptimal physical activity and healthy dietary behaviors in the Vietnamese Americans. We also found that higher levels of knowledge about CRC and risk factors were associated with less unhealthy diets but not with more protective diets or physical activity. Acculturation was not significantly associated with overall dietary behaviors in our study. Our findings addressed gaps in current literature concerning the impact of knowledge about CRC risk factors and acculturation on different dimensions of dietary behaviors as well as physical activity. Research and practical implications were discussed.
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Ahn H, Jackson N, An K, Fillingim RB, Miao H, Lee M, Ko J, Galle K, Lee MA. Relationship between Acculturative Stress and Pain Catastrophizing in Korean Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 23:741-746. [PMID: 32915374 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acculturative stress is speculated to be a sociocultural factor contributing to pain since cultural beliefs and practices can influence the way patients perceive and respond to pain. However, the relationship between acculturative stress and pain catastrophizing remains poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the relationship between acculturative stress and pain catastrophizing in Korean Americans. We collected survey data from Korean American in Texas (N = 374). Acculturative stress was measured with the Acculturative Stress Scale, and pain catastrophizing was measured with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Participants' mean age was 46.89 years, and 63% were women. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses indicated that higher acculturative stress may contribute to higher pain catastrophizing (regression coefficient = 1.02, P = 0.04). These findings advance our understanding of sociocultural factors associated with pain in Korean Americans; additional research with a larger sample is warranted for cross-validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyochol Ahn
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, 6901 Bertner Avenue, Ste. 567A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Natalie Jackson
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, 6901 Bertner Avenue, Ste. 567A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kyungeh An
- Department of Adult Health and Nursing Systems, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Hongyu Miao
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Moonju Lee
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jisook Ko
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kelli Galle
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, 6901 Bertner Avenue, Ste. 567A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mikyoung A Lee
- College of Nursing, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a questionnaire to measure food nutrition, food expenditures and time spent in food-related activities; and to assess the association between diet quality, time spent in food-related activities and food expenditures using data from a pilot study. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse participants' survey response behaviours and the relationship between food nutritional quality and time and money expenditures. SETTING Online survey using Qualtrics software in a public university located in West Texas, USA. PARTICIPANTS Faculty and staff aged 18 years and older from a public university located in West Texas, USA. RESULTS Combining questions from three survey instruments that collect data on food nutrition, food expenditures and time spent in food-related activities resulted in a thirty-page survey instrument. The median completion time of the survey instrument was about 30 min. Preliminary results suggest that time and money expenditures are associated with food quality but that their role is small relative to sociodemographic characteristics such as race and gender. CONCLUSIONS Time and money expenditures are associated with food quality but their role is small relative to sociodemographic characteristics such as race and gender.
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Rodriguez LA, Jin Y, Talegawkar SA, Otto MCDO, Kandula NR, Herrington DM, Kanaya AM. Differences in Diet Quality among Multiple US Racial/Ethnic Groups from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). J Nutr 2020; 150:1509-1515. [PMID: 32133497 PMCID: PMC7269747 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet quality is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Little is known about the diet quality of South Asians in the United States, a group with higher rates of T2D and CVD compared with other racial/ethnic groups. OBJECTIVE This study determined whether diet quality differs between South Asian adults in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study and whites, Chinese Americans, African Americans, and Hispanics in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). METHODS Cross-sectional data from 3926 participants free of CVD from MESA visit 5 (2010-2011) and 889 South Asian participants from MASALA visit 1 (2010-2013) were pooled. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) derived using FFQs. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and total energy intake were used to compare mean differences in diet quality between the racial/ethnic groups. RESULTS MESA participants were, on average, 14 y older than MASALA participants. The adjusted mean (95% CI) scores for the AHEI-2010 were 70.2 (69.5, 70.9) among South Asians, 66.2 (66.3, 68.2) among Chinese Americans, 61.1 (60.7, 61.6) among whites, 59.0 (58.4, 59.7) among Hispanics, and 57.5 (56.9, 58.1) among African Americans. The mean AHEI scores among South Asians were 3.1 (1.8, 4.3), 9.2 (8.3, 10.1), 11.2 (10.2, 12.3), and 12.8 (11.8, 13.7) points higher compared with Chinese Americans, whites, Hispanics, and African Americans, respectively. CONCLUSIONS South Asian adults in the United States have a higher diet quality compared with other racial/ethnic groups. This paradoxical finding is not consistent with the observed higher rates of T2D and CVD compared with other groups. This is further evidence of the importance of studying the South Asian population to better understand the causes of chronic disease not explained by diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Rodriguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yichen Jin
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sameera A Talegawkar
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marcia C de Oliveira Otto
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, the University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Namratha R Kandula
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Address correspondence to AMK (e-mail: )
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Elshahat S, Moffat T. Dietary practices among Arabic-speaking immigrants and refugees in Western societies: A scoping review. Appetite 2020; 154:104753. [PMID: 32474114 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sub-standard nutrition is a leading risk factor for many non-communicable diseases and causes 11 million diet-related deaths annually worldwide. Arabic-speaking immigrants and refugees (ASIR) are at high risk for poor nutrition due to socio-cultural and economic-ecological factors. We reviewed the literature to explore the impact of acculturation on ASIR's dietary practices and to investigate barriers vs. facilitators to healthy eating among them. Five electronic databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Anthropology Plus, Embase and Sociology Database) were systematically searched. Only English articles from North America (the US and Canada), Europe, Australia and New Zealand were included. Twenty-four studies were included for evidence synthesis. North America is substantially ahead of Europe in ASIR-nutrition research, whereas Australia and New Zealand are lacking in this type of research. Acculturation into a Western lifestyle was associated with positive and negative changes to ASIR's diet, with increased fruit/vegetable intake, but also a significant increase in consumption of low nutrient, energy-dense foods. Personal barriers to healthful eating related to lack of nutrition awareness and language issues, whereas improved nutrition education was a strong facilitator. Children's preferences and religious dietary proscriptions were key sociocultural barriers to nutritious eating, whereas availability/accessibility of ethnic grocery stores was a powerful facilitator. Within North America, but not Europe, unaffordability of healthy foods and lack of genetically modified food labelling were leading barriers to eating nutritiously. Community-engaged and mixed methods research on diet, nutrition and food (in)security among ASIR is required to inform the design of effective, culturally acceptable dietary interventions. Western societies need to introduce major changes in food policy and financial support for progressive programs to ensure equitable access to nutritious, culturally appropriate food for ASIR and other similar minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elshahat
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, CNH 527, Hamilton, L8S 4L9, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tina Moffat
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, CNH 527, Hamilton, L8S 4L9, Ontario, Canada
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Cardiometabolic risk profile and diet quality among internal migrants in Brazil: a population-based study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:759-768. [PMID: 32440729 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies of migrants can improve understanding of the environmental influence on the risk of chronic diseases. In continental countries, internal migration has been associated with changes in diet and health status. The objective of this study is to assess differences in diet quality and the cardiometabolic risk profile between migrants and the host population. METHODS A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in the city of São Paulo. The study population included internal migrants, defined as individuals born outside São Paulo city who had lived in the city for ten years or longer. The final population (n = 537) was divided into three groups: natives of São Paulo (45.5%), migrants from the Southeast (26.9%) and migrants from the Northeast (27.5%). The joint interim statement consensus criteria were used for diagnosing MetSyn. Diet quality was estimated using the revised version of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index (BHEI-R). Comparisons between the data of BHEI-R, cardiometabolic risk factors and MetSyn in migrants and natives were performed using generalized linear models adjusted for confounding factors, respectively. RESULTS Southeastern and Northeastern migrants younger than 60 years had a higher average of for whole fruit and oil components, respectively. Northeastern migrants older than 60 years had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, atherogenic ratio concentrations, lower HDL-C and were more likely to present metabolic syndrome compared to those born in São Paulo of the same age group. CONCLUSION Native and internal migrants from Brazil resident in São Paulo exhibited differences in diet quality and cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Noor S, Dehghan M, Lear SA, Swaminathan S, Ibrahim Q, Rangarajan S, Punthakee Z. Relationship between diet and acculturation among South Asian children living in Canada. Appetite 2020; 147:104524. [PMID: 31756412 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diet and South Asian ethnicity are both associated with early onset of cardiovascular risk factors. Among youth of South Asian origin, little is known about the role of culture in determining healthy dietary patterns. We aimed to assess dietary patterns and their relationships with acculturation to Western and traditional lifestyles among South Asian youth in Canada. METHODS The Research in Cardiovascular Health - Lifestyles, Environments and Genetic Attributes in Children and Youth (RICH LEGACY) study targeted South Asian children and adolescents aged 7-8 and 14-15 years in two Canadian cities. In this cross-sectional study, acculturation questionnaires and food frequency questionnaires were administered to assess the correlations between Western and traditional culture scores, immigration status (generation and length of residency) in Canada and intake frequency of various foods. RESULTS Among 759 youth, those who ate fruits and vegetables more often consumed dairy and whole grains more often (all r = 0.17-0.22, all p < 0.001), while those who ate fast food more often consumed meat, sweets and sugared drinks more often (all r 0.24-0.38, all p < 0.001). Traditional culture scores were weakly positively correlated with whole grain intake frequency (r = 0.12, p = 0.001), and negatively with meat intake frequency (r = -0.14, p < 0.001). Western culture scores positively correlated with high intake frequency of meat (r = 0.23, p < 0.001), fast food (r = 0.14, p < 0.001) and sweets (r = 0.14, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION Children who are more acculturated with Western lifestyle consumed foods associated with increased metabolic risk. However, whether this eating pattern translates into increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmi Noor
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Scott A Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Quazi Ibrahim
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Zubin Punthakee
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Sanders A, Cardel M, Laniado N, Kaste L, Finlayson T, Perreira K, Sotres-Alvarez D. Diet quality and dental caries in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. J Public Health Dent 2020; 80:140-149. [PMID: 32031253 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fermentable carbohydrate is universally recognized as the major dietary risk factor for dental caries. We assessed the broader relationship between diet quality and dental caries in a diverse Latinx adult population. METHODS In a cross-sectional probability sample, 14,517 dentate men and women in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) received a dental examination and completed two 24-hours dietary recalls and a food propensity questionnaire. The 2010 Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) assessed diet quality and the National Cancer Institute method predicted usual intake of the 11 dietary components that comprise the AHEI. Dental caries experience was quantified using the decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) index. Covariates included sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics. Survey multivariable-adjusted linear regression models quantified the relationship of 2010 AHEI score, and its 11 components, with DMFS. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted models, each 10-unit increase in diet quality score was associated with 2.5 fewer (95% confidence interval: -3.4, -1.6) DMFS. The relationship was pronounced among foreign-born individuals, who comprised three-quarters of the sample, irrespective of their length of US residence, but was not apparent among U.S.-born individuals. Greater intake of sugar-sweetened beverage and fruit juice was positively associated with dental caries, whereas vegetables (excluding potatoes); whole grains; and omega-3 fats were inversely associated with dental caries, independent of covariates and the other dietary components (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS An association between diet quality and dental caries was restricted to foreign-born Latinix and was not limited to the adverse impact of sugar-sweetened drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sanders
- Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics and Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nadia Laniado
- Department of Dentistry, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Linda Kaste
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tracy Finlayson
- San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Krista Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Mathew Joseph N, Hanneman SK, Bishop SL. Physical activity, acculturation, and immigrant status of Asian Indian women living in the United States. Appl Nurs Res 2019; 47:52-56. [PMID: 31113548 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitha Mathew Joseph
- Department of Undergraduate Studies, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 6901 Bertner Avenue, Room 691, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Sandra K Hanneman
- Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Center for Nursing Research, Room #585, 6901 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Sheryl L Bishop
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, United States of America.
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Wang Y, Yan BP, Tomlinson B, Lee VW. Is lipid goal one-size-fits-all: A review of evidence for recommended low-density lipoprotein treatment targets in Asian patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1496-1506. [PMID: 31023098 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319843077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The international guideline recommendations for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering were made based on the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and observational studies mostly in the White population. It was not clear whether these LDL-C targets could be applicable to other ethnic groups, for example, Asian patients. This review aimed to address major aspects related to the lipid goal and statin therapy in Asia, including the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease, the LDL-C profiles, the lipid goals from localized guidelines, genetics and lifestyles, and the efficacy and safety of statins. Owing to the geographic, ethnic, genetic, and cultural diversity in this region, we observed a geographic pattern of diversity in cardiovascular epidemiology and statin response in Central Asia, East Asia (particularly for Asia-Pacific region), and South Asia. The rapidly growing literature from Asian countries questioning "lower is better" hypothesis was noticed. However, owing to the nature of these dominantly observational data, the conclusion was hardly confirmative. Despite the rapid expansion of the current literature in this region, efforts should be made to ensure an adequate sample size to assess the significance of a given lipid parameter on overall cardiovascular outcomes in this Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- 1 Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bryan P Yan
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- 3 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vivian Wy Lee
- 4 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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The Relationship between Acculturation and Experimental Pain Sensitivity in Asian Americans with Knee Osteoarthritis. Pain Res Manag 2019; 2018:9128015. [PMID: 30607217 PMCID: PMC6304828 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9128015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies in healthy populations and clinical samples have shown that ethnic minorities have greater pain sensitivity than their majority counterparts. Acculturation is speculated to be one of the sociocultural factors contributing to pain sensitivity since cultural beliefs and practices can influence the way patients perceive and respond to pain. However, the relationship of acculturation to pain sensitivity in minority populations remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between acculturation and experimental pain sensitivity in 50 Asian Americans residing in North Central Florida with knee osteoarthritis pain. The Suinn-Lew Asian Self Identity Acculturation Scale was used to assess acculturation, and multimodal quantitative sensory testing was performed to measure experimental sensitivity, including heat pain tolerance, pressure pain threshold, and punctate mechanical pain. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed. Participants' mean age was 55.7 years, and about half of this sample were Korean American (56%). The participants had lived in the United States for 21 years on average. Regression analyses indicated that lower acculturation to American culture may contribute to greater experimental pain sensitivity. Asian Americans who were more acculturated to the American culture had higher heat pain tolerance (beta = 0.61, P=0.01), higher pressure pain threshold (beta = 0.59, P=0.02), and lower ratings of punctate mechanical pain (beta = -0.70, P < 0.01). These findings add to the literature regarding sociocultural factors associated with pain in Asian Americans; additional research with a larger and more diverse sample of Asian Americans is warranted for cross-validation.
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Khan SA, Jackson RT. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome in South Asian Americans in Maryland. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1575-1581. [PMID: 30258600 PMCID: PMC6145302 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors among men and women worldwide. The use of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC PUFA) could potentially benefit individuals with MetS. The goal was to better understand the relationship between MetS and VLC PUFA in South Asian (SA) Americans who experience an elevated risk for heart disease. We analyzed a cross section of South Asian (SA) using the automated self-administered 24-hr recall (ASA24) and clinic data in a low-income SA in Maryland. We found no correlation between MetS indicators (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference (WC)) and dietary n-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic acids). However, dietary n-6 VLC PUFA (arachidonic acid [AA]) was associated with cholesterol and fasting blood glucose levels. SA with MetS did not have a significantly low level of dietary VLC PUFA intake, and there were no SA group differences in the intake of VLC PUFA but there were significant gender differences. Dietary practices in SA may contribute to increased proinflammatory markers and play a role in elevated MetS components.
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Cho YA, Kim DY, Choue R, Lim H. Changes in Dietary Quality among Vietnamese Women Immigrants in Korea and Comparison with Korean Women. Clin Nutr Res 2018; 7:178-188. [PMID: 30079316 PMCID: PMC6073174 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2018.7.3.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary behavior of immigrants starts changing upon their arrival in a new country. We evaluated changes in dietary quality of Vietnamese women immigrants in Korea and compared dietary quality with that of Korean women. Fifty-six Vietnamese women immigrants and 56 age-matched Korean women were recruited. Dietary quality were assessed using index of nutritional quality (INQ) and diet quality index-international (DQI-I). Dietary habits were assessed according to 4 dietary behaviors: a prudent, calorie control, dietary fat control, and sodium or salt control diet. DQI-I scores of Vietnamese immigrants decreased after immigration, especially the moderation score, although the variety score increased. Scores were significantly lower than those of Korean subjects (45.1 vs. 64.5; p < 0.001). Vietnamese women immigrants had significantly poorer nutrient balance and calorie intake control, although their fat and sodium control was better than that of Korean woman (p < 0.001). INQs of protein, niacin, phosphorus, iron, zinc were lower in immigrants who had lived longer in Korea than more recent immigrants (p < 0.05). Lower INQs of protein, fiber, vitamin A, B1, B6, C, folate, and phosphorus were related to higher body fat in Vietnamese immigrants (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary quality of Vietnamese immigrants decreased after migration, and dietary intake was inadequate compared with that of Korean women. In addition, diet quality of Vietnamese immigrants decreased with length of residence in Korea. There was a negative correlation between diet quality and body fat percent in Vietnamese women immigrants. Findings from this study may help improve diet quality and prevent obesity in Vietnam women immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah Cho
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ryowon Choue
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Mukherjea A, Ivey SL, Shariff-Marco S, Kapoor N, Allen L. Overcoming Challenges in Recruitment of South Asians for Health Disparities Research in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:195-208. [PMID: 28364371 PMCID: PMC5640461 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-017-0357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
South Asians-individuals with origins in the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and other regions of the subcontinent-are an understudied and at-risk racial/ethnic minority population for disproportionate burden of preventable diseases in the USA. Notwithstanding lack of research disaggregating Asian American subgroups, a key factor in this paucity of data is the lack of participation and engagement of community members in studies which examine distribution and determinants of adverse health outcomes. The purpose of this case study series is to elucidate distinct barriers in recruitment of South Asians in health disparities research within four diverse study designs. These illustrations are followed by a discussion of effective strategies and promising practices to increase and enhance the participation of community members in health-related studies in order to ultimately understand and address disparities among this rapidly growing cultural group in the US systematic collection of data which not only is representative of this understudied population but also elucidates contextual influences on community health and well-being and is pivotal to the reduction and elimination of preventable disparities among South Asians in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mukherjea
- Health Sciences Program, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Boulevard, Student and Faculty Support Building 502, Hayward, CA, 94542, USA.
- Health Research for Action, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 2140 Shattuck Ave., 10th Floor, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
- Asian American Research Center on Health, 3333 California St., Suite 335, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
| | - Susan L Ivey
- Health Research for Action, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 2140 Shattuck Ave., 10th Floor, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
- Asian American Research Center on Health, 3333 California St., Suite 335, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Salma Shariff-Marco
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Ave., Suite 300, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA
- Stanford University Cancer Institute, 265 Campus Drive, Suite G2103, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nilesh Kapoor
- Health Research for Action, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 2140 Shattuck Ave., 10th Floor, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Laura Allen
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Ave., Suite 300, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA
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Perceptions of healthy eating amongst Indian adolescents in India and Canada. Appetite 2017; 116:471-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Comparison of Metabolic Syndrome Indicators in Two Samples of Central and South Americans Living in the Washington, D.C. Area in 1993-1994 and 2008-2009: Secular Changes in Metabolic Syndrome in Hispanics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080881. [PMID: 28783050 PMCID: PMC5580585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Central and South American populations are growing rapidly in the US; however, there is a paucity of information about their health status. Objectives: we estimated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components from two cohorts of Central and South Americans. Methods: This cross-sectional, medical record extraction survey sampled 1641 adults from a Washington, D.C clinic. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, medical history, anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical data. Results: among the 1993–1994 cohort, the MetS prevalence was 19.7%. The most prevalent MetS components were low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (40.4% men and 51.3% women), elevated triglycerides (40.9% men and 33.1% women), and high body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (27.6% men and 36.6% women). The overall prevalence of MetS in the 2008–2009 cohort was 28%. The most common abnormal metabolic indicator was an elevated BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (75.6%). 43.2% of men and 50.7% of women had HDL levels below normal, while the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 46.5% and 32.5% for men and women, respectively. Conclusion: the prevalence of MetS was significantly greater in 2008–2009 compared with 1993–1994 (p ≤ 0.05). Dyslipidemia and high BMI have increased. Although similar components were identified in both the 1993–1994 and 2008–2009 study populations, the risks of MetS have increased over time.
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