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Sun X, Liu L, Wang J, Luo X, Wang M, Wang C, Chen J, Zhou Y, Yin H, Song Y, Xiong Y, Li H, Zhang M, Zhu B, Li X. Targeting STING in dendritic cells alleviates psoriatic inflammation by suppressing IL-17A production. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:738-751. [PMID: 38806624 PMCID: PMC11214627 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease driven by the aberrant activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, ultimately leading to increased production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-17A. It is established that the cGAS-STING pathway is essential for psoriatic inflammation, however, the specific role of cGAS-STING signaling in DCs within this context remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the upregulation of cGAS-STING signaling in psoriatic lesions by analyzing samples from both clinical patients and imiquimod (IMQ)-treated mice. Using a conditional Sting-knockout transgenic mouse model, we elucidated the impact of cGAS-STING signaling in DCs on the activation of IL-17- and IFN-γ-producing T cells in psoriatic inflammation. Ablation of the Sting hampers DC activation leads to decreased numbers of IL-17-producing T cells and Th1 cells, and thus subsequently attenuates psoriatic inflammation in the IMQ-induced mouse model. Furthermore, we explored the therapeutic potential of the STING inhibitor C-176, which reduces psoriatic inflammation and enhances the anti-IL-17A therapeutic response. Our results underscore the critical role of cGAS-STING signaling in DCs in driving psoriatic inflammation and highlight a promising psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaorong Luo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuanbin Song
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuanyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Alizadeh M, Shojadoost B, Fletcher C, Wang A, Abdelaziz K, Sharif S. Treatment of chickens with lactobacilli prior to challenge with Clostridium perfringens modifies innate responses and gut morphology. Res Vet Sci 2024; 172:105241. [PMID: 38555776 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP), is a common enteric disease of poultry that has been previously controlled by in-feed antibiotics. However, due to the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance, alternatives to antibiotics such as probiotics have received considerable attention because of their immunomodulatory and intestinal health benefits. The present study investigated the effects of probiotic lactobacilli on gut histomorphology and intestinal innate responses in chickens. Day-old male broiler chickens were treated with 1 × 107 or 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of a lactobacilli cocktail on days 1, 7, 14, and 20 post-hatch, while control groups were not treated with lactobacilli. On day 21, birds in all groups (except the negative control) were challenged with 3 × 108 CFU of CP for 3 days. Intestinal tissue samples were collected before and after the CP challenge to assess gene expression and for histomorphological analysis. Lactobacilli treatment at a dose of 1 × 108 CFU conferred partial protection against NE by lowering lesion scores, increasing villus height in the ileum and reducing crypt depth in the jejunum. In addition, 1 × 108 CFU of lactobacilli enhanced the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, and IL-13 in both the jejunum and ileum at different timepoints and subsequently decreased the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and IL-1β post-CP challenge. In conclusion, the results indicate that treatment with lactobacilli mitigated NE in a dose-dependent manner via improvement of intestinal morphology and modulation of innate immune response in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | | | - Charlotte Fletcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Alice Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Khaled Abdelaziz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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3
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Ren J, Liao X, Lewis JM, Chang J, Qu R, Carlson KR, Foss F, Girardi M. Generation and optimization of off-the-shelf immunotherapeutics targeting TCR-Vβ2+ T cell malignancy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:519. [PMID: 38225288 PMCID: PMC10789731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for T cell malignancies encounter issues of disease relapse and off-target toxicity. Using T cell receptor (TCR)Vβ2 as a model, here we demonstrate the rapid generation of an off-the-shelf allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T platform targeting the clone-specific TCR Vβ chain for malignant T cell killing while limiting normal cell destruction. Healthy donor T cells undergo CRISPR-induced TRAC, B2M and CIITA knockout to eliminate T cell-dependent graft-versus-host and host-versus-graft reactivity. Second generation 4-1BB/CD3zeta CAR containing high affinity humanized anti-Vβ scFv is expressed efficiently on donor T cells via both lentivirus and adeno-associated virus transduction with limited detectable pre-existing immunoreactivity. Our optimized CAR-T cells demonstrate specific and persistent killing of Vβ2+ Jurkat cells and Vβ2+ patient derived malignant T cells, in vitro and in vivo, without affecting normal T cells. In parallel, we generate humanized anti-Vβ2 antibody with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by Fc-engineering for NK cell ADCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Julia M Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jungsoo Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rihao Qu
- The Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kacie R Carlson
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Francine Foss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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4
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Wu Z, Zhang T, Ma X, Guo S, Zhou Q, Zahoor A, Deng G. Recent advances in anti-inflammatory active components and action mechanisms of natural medicines. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2901-2937. [PMID: 37947913 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a series of reactions caused by the body's resistance to external biological stimuli. Inflammation affects the occurrence and development of many diseases. Anti-inflammatory drugs have been used widely to treat inflammatory diseases, but long-term use can cause toxic side-effects and affect human functions. As immunomodulators with long-term conditioning effects and no drug residues, natural products are being investigated increasingly for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on the inflammatory process and cellular mechanisms in the development of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, and coronavirus disease-2019. Also, we focus on three signaling pathways (Nuclear factor-kappa B, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3) to explain the anti-inflammatory effect of natural products. In addition, we also classified common natural products based on secondary metabolites and explained the association between current bidirectional prediction progress of natural product targets and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Arshad Zahoor
- College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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5
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van Eck van der Sluijs J, van Ens D, Brummelman J, Heister D, Sareen A, Truijen L, van Ingen Schenau DS, Heemskerk MHM, Griffioen M, Kester MGD, Schaap NPM, Jansen JH, van der Waart AB, Dolstra H, Hobo W. Human CD34 +-derived complete plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cell vaccine effectively induces antigen-specific CD8 + T cell and NK cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:298. [PMID: 37728691 PMCID: PMC10511603 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) can be curative for hemato-oncology patients due to effective graft-versus-tumor immunity. However, relapse remains the major cause of treatment failure, emphasizing the need for adjuvant immunotherapies. In this regard, post-transplantation dendritic cell (DC) vaccination is a highly interesting strategy to boost graft-versus-tumor responses. Previously, we developed a clinically applicable protocol for simultaneous large-scale generation of end-stage blood DC subsets from donor-derived CD34+ stem cells, including conventional type 1 and 2 DCs (cDC1s and cDC2s), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). In addition, the total cultured end-product (DC-complete vaccine), also contains non-end-stage-DCs (i.e. non-DCs). In this study, we aimed to dissect the phenotypic identity of these non-DCs and their potential immune modulatory functions on the potency of cDCs and pDCs in stimulating tumor-reactive CD8+ T and NK cell responses, in order to obtain rationale for clinical translation of our DC-complete vaccine. The non-DC compartment was heterogeneous and comprised of myeloid progenitors and (immature) granulocyte- and monocyte-like cells. Importantly, non-DCs potentiated toll-like receptor-induced DC maturation, as reflected by increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules and enhanced cDC-derived IL-12 and pDC-derived IFN-α production. Additionally, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells effectively expanded upon DC-complete vaccination in vitro and in vivo. This effect was strongly augmented by non-DCs in an antigen-independent manner. Moreover, non-DCs did not impair in vitro DC-mediated NK cell activation, degranulation nor cytotoxicity. Notably, in vivo i.p. DC-complete vaccination activated i.v. injected NK cells. Together, these data demonstrate that the non-DC compartment potentiates DC-mediated activation and expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and do not impair NK cell responses in vitro and in vivo. This underscores the rationale for further clinical translation of our CD34+-derived DC-complete vaccine in hemato-oncology patients post alloSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper van Eck van der Sluijs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diede van Ens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Brummelman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Heister
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aastha Sareen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Truijen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel G D Kester
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P M Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek B van der Waart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Yadav M, Uikey BN, Rathore SS, Gupta P, Kashyap D, Kumar C, Shukla D, Vijayamahantesh, Chandel AS, Ahirwar B, Singh AK, Suman SS, Priyadarshi A, Amit A. Role of cytokine in malignant T-cell metabolism and subsequent alternation in T-cell tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1235711. [PMID: 37746258 PMCID: PMC10513393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1235711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are an important component of adaptive immunity and T-cell-derived lymphomas are very complex due to many functional sub-types and functional elasticity of T-cells. As with other tumors, tissues specific factors are crucial in the development of T-cell lymphomas. In addition to neoplastic cells, T- cell lymphomas consist of a tumor micro-environment composed of normal cells and stroma. Numerous studies established the qualitative and quantitative differences between the tumor microenvironment and normal cell surroundings. Interaction between the various component of the tumor microenvironment is crucial since tumor cells can change the microenvironment and vice versa. In normal T-cell development, T-cells must respond to various stimulants deferentially and during these courses of adaptation. T-cells undergo various metabolic alterations. From the stage of quiescence to attention of fully active form T-cells undergoes various stage in terms of metabolic activity. Predominantly quiescent T-cells have ATP-generating metabolism while during the proliferative stage, their metabolism tilted towards the growth-promoting pathways. In addition to this, a functionally different subset of T-cells requires to activate the different metabolic pathways, and consequently, this regulation of the metabolic pathway control activation and function of T-cells. So, it is obvious that dynamic, and well-regulated metabolic pathways are important for the normal functioning of T-cells and their interaction with the microenvironment. There are various cell signaling mechanisms of metabolism are involved in this regulation and more and more studies have suggested the involvement of additional signaling in the development of the overall metabolic phenotype of T cells. These important signaling mediators include cytokines and hormones. The impact and role of these mediators especially the cytokines on the interplay between T-cell metabolism and the interaction of T-cells with their micro-environments in the context of T-cells lymphomas are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Yadav
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Blessi N. Uikey
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Diksha Kashyap
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Vijayamahantesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Arvind Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Bharti Ahirwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Shashi Shekhar Suman
- Department of Zoology, Udayana Charya (UR) College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, India
| | - Amit Priyadarshi
- Department of Zoology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah, India
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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Mitra D, Sikdar S, Chakraborty M, Das O, Samanta A, Dutta S. Gum Odina prebiotic prevents experimental colitis in C57BL/6 mice model and its role in shaping gut microbial diversity. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Wang H, Tang L, Kong Y, Liu W, Zhu X, You Y. Strategies for Reducing Toxicity and Enhancing Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119115. [PMID: 37298069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy in hematologic malignancies has made great progress, but there are still some problems. First, T cells from tumor patients show an exhaustion phenotype; thus, the persistence and function of the CAR-Ts are poor, and achieving a satisfactory curative effect is difficult. Second, some patients initially respond well but quickly develop antigen-negative tumor recurrence. Thirdly, CAR-T treatment is not effective in some patients and is accompanied by severe side effects, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. The solution to these problems is to reduce the toxicity and enhance the efficacy of CAR-T therapy. In this paper, we describe various strategies for reducing the toxicity and enhancing the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in hematological malignancies. In the first section, strategies for modifying CAR-Ts using gene-editing technologies or combining them with other anti-tumor drugs to enhance the efficacy of CAR-T therapy are introduced. The second section describes some methods in which the design and construction of CAR-Ts differ from the conventional process. The aim of these methods is to enhance the anti-tumor activity of CAR-Ts and prevent tumor recurrence. The third section describes modifying the CAR structure or installing safety switches to radically reduce CAR-T toxicity or regulating inflammatory cytokines to control the symptoms of CAR-T-associated toxicity. Together, the knowledge summarized herein will aid in designing better-suited and safer CAR-T treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobing Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yingjie Kong
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pain Treatment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yong You
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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9
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Dressman D, Buttrick T, Cimpean M, Bennett D, Menon V, Bradshaw EM, Vardarajan B, Elyaman W. Genotype-phenotype correlation of T-cell subtypes reveals senescent and cytotoxic genes in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3355-3366. [PMID: 35640154 PMCID: PMC9523563 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies identifying expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in immune cells have uncovered important links between disease risk alleles and gene expression trends in monocytes, T cells and other cell types. However, these studies are generally done with young, healthy subjects, limiting the utility of their findings for age-related conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have performed RNA sequencing on four T-cell subsets in genome-wide genotyped and well-characterized AD subjects and age- and sex-matched controls from the Religious Orders Study/Memory and Aging Project. We correlated gene expression data with AD neuropathological traits and with single-nucleotide polymorphisms to detect eQTLs. We identified several significant genes involved in T-cell senescence and cytotoxicity, consistent with T-cell RNA sequencing studies in aged/AD cohorts. We identified unexpected eQTLs previously associated with neuropsychiatric disease traits. Finally, we discovered that pathways related to axon guidance and synaptic function were enriched among trans-eQTLs in coding regions of the genome. Our data strengthen the potential link between T-cell senescence and age-related neurodegenerative disease. In addition, our eQTL data suggest that T-cell phenotypes may influence neuropsychiatric disorders and can be influenced by genes involved in neurodevelopmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallin Dressman
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - David Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Bradshaw
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wassim Elyaman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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10
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Viola NT, Glassbrook JE, Kalluri JR, Hackett JB, Wicker MN, Sternberg J, Gibson HM. Evaluation of an ImmunoPET Tracer for IL-12 in a Preclinical Model of Inflammatory Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870110. [PMID: 35634303 PMCID: PMC9130849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) is involved in cancer initiation and progression, autoimmunity, as well as graft versus host disease. The ability to monitor IL-12 via imaging may provide insight into various immune processes, including levels of antitumor immunity, inflammation, and infection due to its functions in immune signaling. Here, we report the development and preclinical evaluation of an antibody-based IL-12-specific positron emission tomography (PET) tracer. To mimic localized infection and stimulate IL-12 production, BALB/c mice were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intramuscularly. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-αIL12 tracer was given one hour post LPS administration and PET images were taken after 5, 24, 48, and 72 hours. We observed significantly higher uptake in LPS-treated mice as compared to controls. Biodistribution of the tracer was evaluated in a separate cohort of mice, where tracer uptake was elevated in muscle, spleen, lymph nodes, and intestines after LPS administration. To evaluate the utility of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-αIL12 as an indicator of antigen presenting cell activation after cancer immunotherapy, we compared PET imaging with and without intratumoral delivery of oncolytic adenovirus expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (Adv/GM-CSF), which we have shown promotes anti-tumor immunity. BALB/c mice were inoculated orthotopically with the mouse mammary carcinoma line TUBO. Once TUBO tumors reached a volume of ~50 mm3, mice were treated with either three intratumoral injections of 108 PFU Adv/GM-CSF or vehicle control, given every other day. Upon the last dose, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-αIL12 was injected intravenously and 72 hours later all mice were imaged via PET. Tumor-specific uptake of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-αIL12 was higher in Adv/GM-CSF treated mice versus controls. Tissues were harvested after imaging, and elevated levels of macrophages and CD8+ Tc cells were detected in Adv/GM-CSF treated tumors by immunohistochemistry. We validated that IL-12 expression was induced after Adv/GM-CSF by qRT-PCR. Importantly, expression of genes activated by IL-12 (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-18) were unaffected after IL-12 imaging relative to mice receiving an IgG control tracer, suggesting the tracer antibody does not significantly disrupt signaling. Our results indicate that targeting soluble cytokines such as IL-12 by PET imaging with antibody tracers may serve as a noninvasive method to evaluate the function of the immune milieu in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerissa T Viola
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - James E Glassbrook
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jhansi R Kalluri
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Justin B Hackett
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Madison N Wicker
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Joshua Sternberg
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Heather M Gibson
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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11
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Protease-controlled secretion and display of intercellular signals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:912. [PMID: 35177637 PMCID: PMC8854555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To program intercellular communication for biomedicine, it is crucial to regulate the secretion and surface display of signaling proteins. If such regulations are at the protein level, there are additional advantages, including compact delivery and direct interactions with endogenous signaling pathways. Here we create a modular, generalizable design called Retained Endoplasmic Cleavable Secretion (RELEASE), with engineered proteins retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and displayed/secreted in response to specific proteases. The design allows functional regulation of multiple synthetic and natural proteins by synthetic protease circuits to realize diverse signal processing capabilities, including logic operation and threshold tuning. By linking RELEASE to additional sensing and processing circuits, we can achieve elevated protein secretion in response to "undruggable" oncogene KRAS mutants. RELEASE should enable the local, programmable delivery of intercellular cues for a broad variety of fields such as neurobiology, cancer immunotherapy and cell transplantation.
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12
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New Developments in T Cell Immunometabolism and Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040708. [PMID: 35203357 PMCID: PMC8870179 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in the field of immunotherapy, the elimination of established tumors has not been achieved. Many promising new treatments such as adoptive cell therapy (ACT) fall short, primarily due to the loss of T cell effector function or the failure of long-term T cell persistence. With the availability of new tools and advancements in technology, our understanding of metabolic processes has increased enormously in the last decade. Redundancy in metabolic pathways and overlapping targets that could address the plasticity and heterogenous phenotypes of various T cell subsets have illuminated the need for understanding immunometabolism in the context of multiple disease states, including cancer immunology. Herein, we discuss the developing field of T cell immunometabolism and its crucial relevance to improving immunotherapeutic approaches. This in-depth review details the metabolic pathways and preferences of the antitumor immune system and the state of various metabolism-targeting therapeutic approaches.
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13
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Borrelia burgdorferi is a poor inducer of interferon-gamma: amplification induced by interleukin-12. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0055821. [PMID: 35130450 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00558-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laboratory diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (LB) is mainly based on serology, which has limitations, particularly in the early stages of the disease. In recent years there have been conflicting reports concerning a new diagnostic tool using the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Previous studies have generally found low concentrations of IFN-γ in early LB infection. The goal of this study is to investigate IFN-γ regulation during early LB and provide insights into the host response to B. burgdorferi. Methods We performed in vitro experiments with whole blood assays and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of LB patients and healthy volunteers exposed to B. burgdorferi and evaluated the IFN-γ response using ELISA and related interindividual variation in IFN-γ production to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Results IFN-γ production of B. burgdorferi-exposed PBMCs and whole blood was amplified by the addition of IL-12 to the stimulation system. This effect was observed after 24 hours of B. burgdorferi stimulation in both healthy individuals and LB patients. The effect was highly variable between individuals, but was significantly higher in LB patients six weeks since the start of antibiotic treatment compared to healthy individuals. IL-12 p40 and IL-18 mRNA was upregulated upon exposure to B. burgdorferi, whereas IL-12 p35 and IFN-γ mRNA expression remained relatively unchanged. SNP Rs280520 in the downstream IL-12 pathway, Tyrosine Kinase 2, was associated with increased IFN-γ production. Conclusions This study shows that IL-12 evokes an IFN-γ response in B. burgdorferi exposed cells, and LB patients and healthy controls respond differently to this stimulation.
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14
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Chiu CY, Chang JJ, Dantanarayana AI, Soloman A, Evans VA, Pascoe R, Gubser C, Trautman L, Fromentin R, Chomont N, McMahon JH, Cameron PU, Rasmussen TA, Lewin SR. Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade Enhances IL-2 and CD107a Production from HIV-Specific T Cells Ex Vivo in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:54-62. [PMID: 34853078 PMCID: PMC8702486 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune dysfunction persists, including elevated expression of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins on total and HIV-specific T cells. Reversing immune exhaustion is one strategy to enhance the elimination of HIV-infected cells that persist in PWH on ART. We aimed to evaluate whether blocking CTL-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), T cell Ig domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) alone or in combination would enhance HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell function ex vivo. Intracellular cytokine staining was performed using human PBMCs from PWH on ART (n = 11) and expression of CD107a, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 was quantified with HIV peptides and Abs to IC. We found the following: 1) IC blockade enhanced the induction of CD107a and IL-2 but not IFN-γ and TNF-α in response to Gag and Nef peptides; 2) the induction of CD107a and IL-2 was greatest with multiple combinations of two Abs; and 3) Abs to LAG-3, CTLA-4, and TIGIT in combinations showed synergistic induction of IL-2 in HIV-specific CD8+ and CD107a and IL-2 production in HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These results demonstrate that the combination of Abs to LAG-3, CTLA-4, or TIGIT can increase the frequency of cells expressing CD107a and IL-2 that associated with cytotoxicity and survival of HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PWH on ART. These combinations should be further explored for an HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Y. Chiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Judy J. Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ashanti I. Dantanarayana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ajantha Soloman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Vanessa A. Evans
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Rachel Pascoe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Céline Gubser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Lydie Trautman
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3E4, Canada;,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - James H. McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul U. Cameron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia;,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas A. Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia;,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000
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15
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Leleux JA, Albershardt TC, Reeves R, James R, Krull J, Parsons AJ, ter Meulen J, Berglund P. Intratumoral expression of IL-12 from lentiviral or RNA vectors acts synergistically with TLR4 agonist (GLA) to generate anti-tumor immunological memory. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259301. [PMID: 34855754 PMCID: PMC8638928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic interleukin-12 (IL12) anti-tumor therapy is highly potent but has had limited utility in the clinic due to severe toxicity. Here, we present two IL12-expressing vector platforms, both of which can overcome the deficiencies of previous systemic IL12 therapies: 1) an integrating lentiviral vector, and 2) a self-replicating messenger RNA formulated with polyethyleneimine. Intratumoral administration of either IL12 vector platform resulted in recruitment of immune cells, including effector T cells and dendritic cells, and the complete remission of established tumors in multiple murine models. Furthermore, concurrent intratumoral administration of the synthetic TLR4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid A formulated in a stable emulsion (GLA-SE) induced systemic memory T cell responses that mediated complete protection against tumor rechallenge in all survivor mice (8/8 rechallenged mice), whereas only 2/6 total rechallenged mice treated with intratrumoral IL12 monotherapy rejected the rechallenge. Taken together, expression of vectorized IL12 in combination with a TLR4 agonist represents a varied approach to broaden the applicability of intratumoral immune therapies of solid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/pharmacology
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunologic Memory/drug effects
- Immunologic Memory/genetics
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interleukin-12/blood
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Lipid A/pharmacology
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/agonists
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardin A. Leleux
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Tina C. Albershardt
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Reeves
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Reice James
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jordan Krull
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Andrea J. Parsons
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jan ter Meulen
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Peter Berglund
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
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16
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McIntosh SZ, Quinn KE, Ashley RL. CXCL12 May Drive Inflammatory Potential in the Ovine Corpus Luteum During Implantation. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:122-132. [PMID: 34755321 PMCID: PMC8677687 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Adequate corpus luteum (CL) function is paramount to successful pregnancy. Structural and functional CL integrity is controlled by diverse cell types that contribute and respond to the local cytokine milieu. The chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and receptor, CXCR4, are modulators of inflammation and cell survival, but little is understood about CXCL12-CXCR4 axis and CL functional regulation. Corpora lutea from control nonpregnant ewes (n = 5; day 10 estrous cycle (D10C)) and pregnant ewes (n = 5/day) on days 20 (D20P) and 30 (D30P) post-breeding were analyzed for gene and protein expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, and select inflammatory cytokines. In separate cell culture studies, cytokine production was evaluated following CXCL12 treatment. Abundance of CXCL12 and CXCR4 increased (P < 0.05) in pregnant ewes compared to nonpregnant ewes, as determined by a combination of quantitative PCR, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence microscopy. CXCR4 was detected in steroidogenic and nonsteroidogenic cells in ovine CL, and select pro-inflammatory mediators were greater in CL from pregnant ewes. In vitro studies revealed greater abundance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) following CXCL12 administration (P = 0.05), while P4 levels in cell media were unchanged. Fully functional CL of pregnant ewes is characterized by increased abundance of inflammatory cytokines which may function in a luteotropic manner. We report concurrent increases in CXCL12, CXCR4, and select inflammatory mediators in ovine CL as early pregnancy progresses. We propose CXCL12 stimulates production of select cytokines, rather than P4 in the CL to assist in CL establishment and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacia Z McIntosh
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, MSC 3-I, PO Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Kelsey E Quinn
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, MSC 3-I, PO Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ryan L Ashley
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, MSC 3-I, PO Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
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17
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Lindo L, Wilkinson LH, Hay KA. Befriending the Hostile Tumor Microenvironment in CAR T-Cell Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:618387. [PMID: 33643299 PMCID: PMC7902760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.618387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have shown remarkable results in patients with B-cell malignancies, including B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma, with some promising efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma. However, the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy is still hampered by local immunosuppression and significant toxicities, notably cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been identified to play a major role in preventing durable responses to immunotherapy in both solid and hematologic malignancies, with this role exaggerated in solid tumors. The TME comprises a diverse set of components, including a heterogeneous population of various cells and acellular elements that collectively contribute towards the interplay of pro-immune and immunosuppressive signaling. In particular, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T-cells, and cell-free factors such as cytokines are major contributors to local immunosuppression in the TME of patients treated with CAR T-cells. In order to create a more favorable niche for CAR T-cell function, armored CAR T-cells and other combinatorial approaches are being explored for potential improved outcomes compared to conventional CAR T-cell products. While these strategies may potentiate CAR T-cell function and efficacy, they may paradoxically increase the risk of adverse events due to increased pro-inflammatory signaling. Herein, we discuss the mechanisms by which the TME antagonizes CAR T-cells and how innovative immunotherapy strategies are being developed to address this roadblock. Furthermore, we offer perspective on how these novel approaches may affect the risk of adverse events, in order to identify ways to overcome these barriers and expand the clinical benefits of this treatment modality in patients with diverse cancers. Precise immunomodulation to allow for improved tumor control while simultaneously mitigating the toxicities seen with current generation CAR T-cells is integral for the future application of more effective CAR T-cells against other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lindo
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Kevin Anthony Hay
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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18
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McKenna MK, Englisch A, Brenner B, Smith T, Hoyos V, Suzuki M, Brenner MK. Mesenchymal stromal cell delivery of oncolytic immunotherapy improves CAR-T cell antitumor activity. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1808-1820. [PMID: 33571680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is a formidable barrier to the success of adoptive cell therapies for solid tumors. Oncolytic immunotherapy with engineered adenoviruses (OAd) may disrupt the TME by infecting tumor cells, as well as surrounding stroma, to improve the functionality of tumor-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, yet efficient delivery of OAds to solid tumors has been challenging. Here we describe how mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be used to systemically deliver a binary vector containing an OAd together with a helper-dependent Ad (HDAd; combinatorial Ad vector [CAd]) that expresses interleukin-12 (IL-12) and checkpoint PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) blocker. CAd-infected MSCs deliver and produce functional virus to infect and lyse lung tumor cells while stimulating CAR-T cell anti-tumor activity by release of IL-12 and PD-L1 blocker. The combination of this approach with administration of HER.2-specific CAR-T cells eliminates 3D tumor spheroids in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in two orthotopic lung cancer models in vivo. Treatment with CAd MSCs increases the overall numbers of human T cells in vivo compared to CAR-T cell only treatment and enhances their polyfunctional cytokine secretion. These studies combine the predictable targeting of CAR-T cells with the advantages of cancer cell lysis and TME disruption by systemic MSC delivery of oncolytic virotherapy: incorporation of immunostimulation by cytokine and checkpoint inhibitor production through the HDAd further enhances anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K McKenna
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Englisch
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Brenner
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tyler Smith
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valentina Hoyos
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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Ullrich KAM, Schulze LL, Paap EM, Müller TM, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Immunology of IL-12: An update on functional activities and implications for disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1563-1589. [PMID: 33408595 PMCID: PMC7783470 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As its first identified member, Interleukin-12 (IL-12) named a whole family of cytokines. In response to pathogens, the heterodimeric protein, consisting of the two subunits p35 and p40, is secreted by phagocytic cells. Binding of IL-12 to the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) on T and natural killer (NK) cells leads to signaling via signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and subsequent interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and secretion. Signaling downstream of IFN-γ includes activation of T-box transcription factor TBX21 (Tbet) and induces pro-inflammatory functions of T helper 1 (TH1) cells, thereby linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Initial views on the role of IL-12 and clinical efforts to translate them into therapeutic approaches had to be re-interpreted following the discovery of other members of the IL-12 family, such as IL-23, sharing a subunit with IL-12. However, the importance of IL-12 with regard to immune processes in the context of infection and (auto-) inflammation is still beyond doubt. In this review, we will provide an update on functional activities of IL-12 and their implications for disease. We will begin with a summary on structure and function of the cytokine itself as well as its receptor and outline the signal transduction and the transcriptional regulation of IL-12 secretion. In the second part of the review, we will depict the involvement of IL-12 in immune-mediated diseases and relevant experimental disease models, while also providing an outlook on potential translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A.-M. Ullrich
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Lou Schulze
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Paap
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Tanja M. Müller
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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20
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Klein K, He K, Younes AI, Barsoumian HB, Chen D, Ozgen T, Mosaffa S, Patel RR, Gu M, Novaes J, Narayanan A, Cortez MA, Welsh JW. Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Immune Evasion and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Front Immunol 2020; 11:573326. [PMID: 33178201 PMCID: PMC7596324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in cancer formation and progression has been studied extensively, but much remains to be understood about this complex relationship. Mitochondria regulate many processes that are known to be altered in cancer cells, from metabolism to oxidative stress to apoptosis. Here, we review the evolving understanding of the role of mitochondria in cancer cells, and highlight key evidence supporting the role of mitochondria in cancer immune evasion and the effects of mitochondria-targeted antitumor therapy. Also considered is how knowledge of the role of mitochondria in cancer can be used to design and improve cancer therapies, particularly immunotherapy and radiation therapy. We further offer critical insights into the mechanisms by which mitochondria influence tumor immune responses, not only in cancer cells but also in immune cells. Given the central role of mitochondria in the complex interactions between cancer and the immune system, high priority should be placed on developing rational strategies to address mitochondria as potential targets in future preclinical and clinical studies. We believe that targeting mitochondria may provide additional opportunities in the development of novel antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Klein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kewen He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ahmed I Younes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hampartsoum B Barsoumian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tugce Ozgen
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sara Mosaffa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roshal R Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Meidi Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jose Novaes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James W Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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21
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Susilorini, Suradi, Indarto D, Wasita B, Palupi PD. Immunomodulation of tahneeq method in IL-12 and CD8+ T-Lymphocyte, an in-vivo study in neonatal rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2645-2650. [PMID: 32994723 PMCID: PMC7499108 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of the neonatal immune system is quite important for the proliferation and differentiation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. Tahneeq is a traditional method to manually rub the palatal mucosa of newborn babies with premasticated Ajwa palm dates. The present study was to investigate the tahneeq effects on IL-12 expression of dendritic cells (DCs) and blood T lymphocytes expressing CD8+ in neonatal Wistar rats. The number of 90 healthy neonatal Wistar rats have randomly divided into three groups: control group received breastmilk only, treatment group (T1) receiving breast milk + mild-scratched intensity of tahneeq, and T2 group received breastmilk + strong-scratched intensity of tahneeq on the palatal and gingival mucosa immediately after birth. Seven neonatal Wistar rats in all groups were then sacrificed in three hours after birth and days 1, 5, 7, 13, and 30 treatment. IL-12 expression in the palatal and gingival mucosa was determined using immunohistochemical staining, and blood CD8+ T-lymphocytes were quantified using a flow cytometer. One way ANOVA was used to analyze the percentage of IL-12 and CD8+ T-lymphocytes among neonatal Wistar rat groups. The T1 and T2 newborn rat groups had significantly higher IL-12 expression than the control group (p<0.001). The increased IL-12 expression in T2 groups significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to the IL-12 expression in the T1 and control groups. The percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes in all neonatal rat groups increased on three hours after birth and day 30 treatment but remained constant on days 5 and 7 treatment and decreased on day 13 treatment. At 5, 13, and 30th days treatment, the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes in T1 and T2 neonatal rat groups was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in the control group. In conclusion, the impact on systemic CD8+ T cells did not influence by the depth of the scratch. Both mild and strong tahneeq increased the systemic CD8+ T-lymphocytes in neonatal Wistar rats. The roles of anti-inflammatory cytokines and Treg cells should be further investigated to unravel those different results for the development of mucosal immunity in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susilorini
- Doctorate Student of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Suradi
- Doctorate Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pulmonogy and Respirology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dono Indarto
- Doctorate Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.,Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Brian Wasita
- Doctorate Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Poppy Diah Palupi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Nusaputera School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semarang, Indonesia
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22
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Zhang JA, Lu YB, Wang WD, Liu GB, Chen C, Shen L, Luo HL, Xu H, Peng Y, Luo H, Huang GX, Wu DD, Zheng BY, Yi LL, Chen ZW, Xu JF. BTLA-Expressing Dendritic Cells in Patients With Tuberculosis Exhibit Reduced Production of IL-12/IFN-α and Increased Production of IL-4 and TGF-β, Favoring Th2 and Foxp3 + Treg Polarization. Front Immunol 2020; 11:518. [PMID: 32296431 PMCID: PMC7136538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how tuberculosis (TB) impairs dendritic cell (DC) function and anti-TB immune responses. We previously showed that the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), an immune inhibitory receptor, is involved in TB pathogenesis. Here, we examined whether BTLA expression in TB affects phenotypic and functional aspects of DCs. Active TB patients exhibited higher expression of BTLA in myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) subsets compared with healthy controls (HCs). BTLA expression was similarly high in untreated TB, TB relapse, and sputum-bacillus positive TB, but anti-TB therapy reduced TB-driven increases in frequencies of BTLA+ DCs. BTLA+ DCs in active TB showed decreased expression of the DC maturation marker CD83, with an increased expression of CCR7 in mDCs. BTLA+ DCs in active TB displayed a decreased ability to express HLA-DR and to uptake foreign antigen, with a reduced expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD80, but not CD86. Functionally, BTLA+ DCs in active TB showed a decreased production of IL-12 and IFN-α as well as a reduced ability to stimulate allogeneic T-cell proliferative responses. BTLA+ mDCs produced larger amounts of IL-4 and TGF-β than BTLA− mDCs in both HCs and APT patients. BTLA+ DCs from active TB patients showed a reduced ability to stimulate Mtb antigen-driven Th17 and Th22 polarizations as compared to those from HCs. Conversely, these BTLA+ DCs more readily promoted the differentiation of T regulatory cells (Treg) and Th2 than those from HCs. These findings suggest that TB-driven BTLA expression in DCs impairs the expression of functional DC surrogate markers and suppress the ability of DCs to induce anti-TB Th17 and Th22 response while promoting Th2 and Foxp3+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Lu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wan-Dang Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Gan-Bin Liu
- Department of Respiration, Dongguan 6th Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hou-Long Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Gui-Xian Huang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Du-Du Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bi-Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lai-Long Yi
- Department of Respiration, Dongguan 6th Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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23
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Wu XQ, Satmary W, Peng J, Hui KK. Women's preconception health patterns in traditional Chinese medicine as a predictor of fertility outcomes. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:222-228. [PMID: 32008985 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), preconception health patterns and fertility outcomes. METHODS A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted in China. A total of 3012 newly married women who were willing to conceive within 2 years were enrolled in the study and took National Free Prepregnancy Checkups (NFPC). A reliably structured self-rating scale was used to measure the TCM preconception health patterns of the enrolled women. A 3-year follow-up was conducted to obtain the fertility outcomes, including pregnancy rate, time to pregnancy, spontaneous miscarriage and newborn status. Statistical analyses were conducted using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, logistic regression models, general linear models and the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS The fertility outcomes showed no statistic correlations to the terms of NFPC in this population. Approximately a half of the women (46.66%) had unhealthy patterns. Women with qi & blood-deficiency (odds ratio [OR] = 35.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55-801.15) or qi-stagnation (OR = 4.55, 95% CI = 0.90-23.06) pattern took a longer time to get pregnant, and those with qi-stagnation (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.1-3.82) or yang-deficiency (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.12-3.25) pattern had a higher risk of spontaneous miscarriage. CONCLUSION Three unhealthy TCM patterns during the preconception period might be risk factors for low fecundity or poor pregnancy outcomes. The TCM preconception pattern identification may provide a convenient and effective way to screen for potential pregnancy risks beyond the NFPC. Further, appropriate interventions based on the TCM preconception health patterns are needed to improve quality in women's fecundability and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Qiu Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China; Center for East-West Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
| | - Wendy Satmary
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Jin Peng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ka-Kit Hui
- Center for East-West Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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24
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Corrêa da Silva F, Aguiar C, Pereira JAS, de Brito Monteiro L, Davanzo GG, Codo AC, Pimentel de Freitas L, Berti AS, Lopes Ferrucci D, Castelucci BG, Consonni SR, Carvalho HF, Moraes-Vieira PMM. Ghrelin effects on mitochondrial fitness modulates macrophage function. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:61-66. [PMID: 31525456 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, systemic derived cues that regulate cellular metabolism have been implicated in the regulation of immune responses. Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone produced by enteroendocrine cells in the gastric mucosa with known immunoregulatory roles. The mechanism behind the function of ghrelin in immune cells, such as macrophages, is still poorly understood. Here, we explored the hypothesis that ghrelin leads to alterations in macrophage metabolism thus modulating macrophage function. We demonstrated that ghrelin exerts an immunomodulatory effect over LPS-activated peritoneal macrophages, as evidenced by inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1β secretion and increased IL-12 production. Concomitantly, ghrelin increased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased respiratory rate. In agreement, ghrelin prevented LPS-induced ultrastructural damage in the mitochondria. Ghrelin also blunted LPS-induced glycolysis. In LPS-activated macrophages, glucose deprivation did not affect ghrelin-induced IL-12 secretion, whereas the inhibition of pyruvate transport and mitochondria-derived ATP abolished ghrelin-induced IL-12 secretion, indicating a dependence on mitochondrial function. Ghrelin pre-treatment of metabolic activated macrophages inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and enhanced IL-12 levels. Moreover, ghrelin effects on IL-12, and not on TNF-α, are dependent on mitochondria elongation, since ghrelin did not enhance IL-12 secretion in metabolic activated mitofusin-2 deficient macrophages. Thus, ghrelin affects macrophage mitochondrial metabolism and the subsequent macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Corrêa da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristhiane Aguiar
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jéssica A S Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauar de Brito Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Campos Codo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pimentel de Freitas
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aline Siqueira Berti
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Danilo Lopes Ferrucci
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pedro M M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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de Paula Silva F, da Costa CMB, Pereira LM, Lessa DFS, Pitol DL, Issa JPM, do Prado Júnior JC, Abrahão AAC. Effects of ghrelin supplementation on the acute phase of Chagas disease in rats. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:532. [PMID: 31706334 PMCID: PMC6842500 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, which is endemic to subtropical and tropical Americas. The disease treatment remains partially ineffective, involving therapies directed to the parasite as well as palliative strategies for the clinical manifestations. Therefore, novel candidates for disease control are necessary. Additionally, strategies based on parasite inhibition via specific targets and application of compounds which improve the immune response against the disease is welcomed. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone pointed as a substance with important cardioprotective, vasodilatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and immune modulatory functions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of ghrelin in male Wistar rats infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi. Methods In order to delineate an immune response against T. cruzi mediated by ghrelin, we evaluated the following parameters: quantification of blood and cardiac parasites; analysis of cell markers (CD3+, CD8+, NK, NKT, CD45RA+, macrophage and RT1B+); nitric oxide (NO) production; lymphoproliferation assays; splenocyte apoptosis; and INF-γ, IL-12 and IL-6 quantification in sera. Results The animals infected with T. cruzi and supplemented with ghrelin demonstrated an upregulated pattern in macrophage and NO production, whereas an anti-inflammatory response was observed in T cells and cytokines. The low response against T. cruzi mediated by T cells probably contributed to a higher colonization of the cardiac tissue, when compared to infected groups. On the other side, the peptide decreased the inflammatory infiltration in cardiac tissue infected with T. cruzi. Conclusions Ghrelin demonstrated a dual function in animals infected with T. cruzi. Further studies, especially related to the decrease of cardiac tissue inflammation, are needed in order to determine the advantages of ghrelin supplementation in Chagas disease, mostly for populations from endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando de Paula Silva
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Cássia Mariana Bronzon da Costa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luiz Miguel Pereira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Diego Fernando Silva Lessa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Dimitrius Leonardo Pitol
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Mardegan Issa
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - José Clóvis do Prado Júnior
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia Carraro Abrahão
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil.
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26
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Ghaffari S, Torabi‐Rahvar M, Omidkhoda A, Ahmadbeigi N. Impact of various culture conditions on
ex vivo
expansion of polyclonal T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. APMIS 2019; 127:737-745. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Ghaffari
- Cell‐Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
- Student Scientific Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
| | - Monireh Torabi‐Rahvar
- Cell‐Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
- SABZ Biomedicals Science‐Based Company TehranIran
| | - Azadeh Omidkhoda
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Cell‐Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
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27
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Shams R, Banik NL, Haque A. Calpain in the cleavage of alpha-synuclein and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 167:107-124. [PMID: 31601400 PMCID: PMC8434815 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) devastates 6.3 million people, ranking it as one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative motor disorders worldwide. PD patients may manifest symptoms of postural instability, bradykinesia, and resting tremors as a result of increasing α-synuclein aggregation and neuron death with disease progression. Therapy options are limited, and those available to patients may worsen their condition. Thus, investigations to understand disease progression may help develop therapeutic strategies for improvement of quality of life for patients suffering from PD. This review provides an overview of α-synuclein, a presynaptic neuronal protein whose function in the healthy brain and PD pathology remains a mystery. This review also focuses on calcium-induced activation of calpain, a neutral protease, and the subsequent cascade of cellular processing of α-synuclein and emerging defense responses observed in experimental models of PD: microglial activation, dysregulation of T cells, and inflammatory responses in the brain. In addition, this review discusses the events of cross presentation of synuclein peptides by professional antigen presenting cells and microglia, induction of inflammatory responses in the periphery and brain, and emerging calpain-targeted therapeutic strategies to attenuate neuronal death in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Shams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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28
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Kumar V. The complement system, toll-like receptors and inflammasomes in host defense: three musketeers’ one target. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 38:131-156. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1609962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children’s Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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29
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Harms RZ, Borengasser K, Kumar V, Sarvetnick N. Anti-human Interleukin(IL)-4 Clone 8D4-8 Cross-Reacts With Myosin-9 Associated With Apoptotic Cells and Should Not Be Used for Flow Cytometry Applications Querying IL-4 Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:46. [PMID: 31024909 PMCID: PMC6465524 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin(IL)-4 is produced by T cells and other leukocytes and is a critical mediator of monocyte and B cell responses. During routine flow cytometry panel validation for the investigation of intracellular cytokines, we observed unique IL-4 expression patterns associated with the widely available monoclonal antibody 8D4-8. Namely, IL-4 (8D4-8) expression was observed in the absence of cellular activation and enhanced following staurosporine exposure. Mass spectrometry analysis of immunoprecipitates from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) revealed that 8D4-8 cross-reacts with the ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein myosin-9. We confirmed these results by western blotting immunoprecipitates, using immunofluorescence among staurosporine-treated Caco-2 cells, and by surface-labeling PBL for 8D4-8 and myosin-9 and analyzing by flow cytometry. Although previously reported from several independent groups, we found no evidence to support the hypothesis that IL-4 is produced by apoptotic cells. Rather, this appears to have been myosin-9. Our data indicate clone 8D4-8 should not be used in the flow cytometric study of IL-4. Furthermore, our work calls for a reevaluation of previous flow cytometric studies that have used this clone for IL-4 analysis and highlights the importance of validation in antibody-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Z Harms
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kiana Borengasser
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Nora Sarvetnick
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Kumar V. Dendritic cells in sepsis: Potential immunoregulatory cells with therapeutic potential. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:615-626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen KM, Tan J, Way GP, Doing G, Hogan DA, Greene CS. PathCORE-T: identifying and visualizing globally co-occurring pathways in large transcriptomic compendia. BioData Min 2018; 11:14. [PMID: 29988723 PMCID: PMC6029133 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-018-0175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Investigators often interpret genome-wide data by analyzing the expression levels of genes within pathways. While this within-pathway analysis is routine, the products of any one pathway can affect the activity of other pathways. Past efforts to identify relationships between biological processes have evaluated overlap in knowledge bases or evaluated changes that occur after specific treatments. Individual experiments can highlight condition-specific pathway-pathway relationships; however, constructing a complete network of such relationships across many conditions requires analyzing results from many studies. Results We developed PathCORE-T framework by implementing existing methods to identify pathway-pathway transcriptional relationships evident across a broad data compendium. PathCORE-T is applied to the output of feature construction algorithms; it identifies pairs of pathways observed in features more than expected by chance as functionally co-occurring. We demonstrate PathCORE-T by analyzing an existing eADAGE model of a microbial compendium and building and analyzing NMF features from the TCGA dataset of 33 cancer types. The PathCORE-T framework includes a demonstration web interface, with source code, that users can launch to (1) visualize the network and (2) review the expression levels of associated genes in the original data. PathCORE-T creates and displays the network of globally co-occurring pathways based on features observed in a machine learning analysis of gene expression data. Conclusions The PathCORE-T framework identifies transcriptionally co-occurring pathways from the results of unsupervised analysis of gene expression data and visualizes the relationships between pathways as a network. PathCORE-T recapitulated previously described pathway-pathway relationships and suggested experimentally testable additional hypotheses that remain to be explored. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13040-018-0175-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Chen
- 1Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jie Tan
- 2Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Gregory P Way
- 1Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Georgia Doing
- 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Deborah A Hogan
- 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Casey S Greene
- 1Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Weathering the storm; a review of pre-pregnancy stress and risk of spontaneous abortion. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 92:142-154. [PMID: 29628283 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Weathering Effect is a theory that links stress exposure, over the life-course, with racial disparities in reproductive outcomes, through the effects of social adversity on a woman's body. The concept of maternal "weathering" captures cumulative somatic and psychological adversities that can exacerbate the effects of aging. Much of the evidence for weathering comes from observational studies linking self-report measures with reproductive outcomes. The purpose of this review is to explore biological mechanisms that underlie these observations. We focus on spontaneous abortion because this event is understudied despite evidence of racial disparities in this outcome. Spontaneous abortion is the most common pregnancy failure, and it happens early in pregnancy. Early pregnancy is a time most susceptible to the harmful effects of immune dysregulation that may, in part, result from adversities experienced before pregnancy begins. In exploring these mechanisms, we draw on well-defined signaling processes observed in the stressor-depression relationship. Pro-inflammatory dysregulation, for example, has particular relevance to immunological control occurring early in pregnancy. Early pregnancy immunologic changes affect the trajectories of pregnancy via control of trophoblastic invasion. Within the first few weeks of pregnancy, uterine derived cytokines operate within cytokine networks and play a critical role in this invasion. Programming for pro-inflammatory dysregulation can occur before conception. This dysregulation, brought into early pregnancy, has implications for viability and success of the index pregnancy. These patterns suggest early pregnancy health is susceptible to stress processing pathways that influence this immunologic control in the first six to eight weeks of pregnancy. In this review, we discuss the known mediating role of immune factors in the stressor-depression relationship. We also discuss how adversity experienced before the index pregnancy, or "pre-pregnancy" may influence these pathways, and subsequently influence early pregnancy health. There is a need to understand adversity, experienced before pregnancy, and mechanisms driving the effects of these experiences on pregnancy outcomes. This approach is a useful entry point for understanding racial inequities in pregnancy health through an understanding of differences in exposures to adversity. We hypothesize that spontaneous abortion involves cyclical changes within a woman's reproductive tract in response to stressors that are established well before a woman enters into pregnancy. Furthermore, we propose mechanisms that potentially drive weathering processes relevant to reproductive disparities. We also examine what is known about pre-pregnancy stress exposures associated with race, inequity, and adversity, and their potential impact on neuroendocrine and immune changes affecting early pregnancy risk.
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Nicholas D, Proctor EA, Raval FM, Ip BC, Habib C, Ritou E, Grammatopoulos TN, Steenkamp D, Dooms H, Apovian CM, Lauffenburger DA, Nikolajczyk BS. Advances in the quantification of mitochondrial function in primary human immune cells through extracellular flux analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170975. [PMID: 28178278 PMCID: PMC5298256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies show that mitochondrial energy generation determines the effectiveness of immune responses. Furthermore, changes in mitochondrial function may regulate lymphocyte function in inflammatory diseases like type 2 diabetes. Analysis of lymphocyte mitochondrial function has been facilitated by introduction of 96-well format extracellular flux (XF96) analyzers, but the technology remains imperfect for analysis of human lymphocytes. Limitations in XF technology include the lack of practical protocols for analysis of archived human cells, and inadequate data analysis tools that require manual quality checks. Current analysis tools for XF outcomes are also unable to automatically assess data quality and delete untenable data from the relatively high number of biological replicates needed to power complex human cell studies. The objectives of work presented herein are to test the impact of common cellular manipulations on XF outcomes, and to develop and validate a new automated tool that objectively analyzes a virtually unlimited number of samples to quantitate mitochondrial function in immune cells. We present significant improvements on previous XF analyses of primary human cells that will be absolutely essential to test the prediction that changes in immune cell mitochondrial function and fuel sources support immune dysfunction in chronic inflammatory diseases like type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequina Nicholas
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Proctor
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Forum M. Raval
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Blanche C. Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Chloe Habib
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Eleni Ritou
- BioEnergetics LLC, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Devin Steenkamp
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hans Dooms
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Caroline M. Apovian
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Vacaflores A, Freedman SN, Chapman NM, Houtman JCD. Pretreatment of activated human CD8 T cells with IL-12 leads to enhanced TCR-induced signaling and cytokine production. Mol Immunol 2016; 81:1-15. [PMID: 27883938 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During the immune response to pathogens and autoantigens, CD8T cells are exposed to numerous inflammatory agents including the cytokine IL-12. Previous studies have focused on how IL-12 regulates T cell functions when present during or after the activation of the T cell receptor (TCR). However, recent studies suggest that prior exposure to IL-12 also alters the TCR responsiveness of murine T cells. Whether similar phenomena occur in human activated CD8T cells and the mechanisms mediating these effects remain unexplored. In this study, we observed that pretreatment of human activated CD8T cells with IL-12 results in increased cytokine mRNA and protein production following subsequent TCR challenge. The potentiation of TCR-mediated cytokine release was transient and required low doses of IL-12 for at least 24h. Mechanistically, prior exposure to IL-12 increased the TCR induced activation of select MAPKs and AKT without altering the activation of more proximal TCR signaling molecules, suggesting that the IL-12 mediated changes in TCR signaling are responsible for the increased production of cytokines. Our data suggest that prior treatment with IL-12 potentiates human CD8T cell responses at sites of infection and inflammation, expanding our understanding of the function of this clinically important cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Vacaflores
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Samantha N Freedman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Jon C D Houtman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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