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Oke OE, Akosile OA, Uyanga VA, Oke FO, Oni AI, Tona K, Onagbesan OM. Climate change and broiler production. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1416. [PMID: 38504607 PMCID: PMC10951626 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change has emerged as a significant occurrence that adversely affects broiler production, especially in tropical climates. Broiler chickens, bred for rapid growth and high meat production, rely heavily on optimal environmental conditions to achieve their genetic potential. However, climate change disrupts these conditions and poses numerous challenges for broiler production. One of the primary impacts of climate change on broiler production is the decreased ability of birds to attain their genetic potential for faster growth. Broilers are bred to possess specific genetic traits that enable them to grow rapidly and efficiently convert feed into meat. However, in tropical climates affected by climate change, the consequent rise in daily temperatures, increased humidity and altered precipitation patterns create an unfavourable environment for broilers. These conditions impede their growth and development, preventing them from reaching their maximum genetic influence, which is crucial for achieving desirable production outcomes. Furthermore, climate change exacerbates the existing challenges faced by broiler production systems. Higher feed costs impact the industry's economic viability and limit the availability of quality nutrition for the birds, further hampering their growth potential. In addition to feed scarcity, climate change also predisposes broiler chickens to thermal stress. This review collates existing information on climate change and its impact on broiler production, including nutrition, immune function, health and disease susceptibility. It also summarizes the challenges of broiler production under hot and humid climate conditions with different approaches to ameliorating the effects of harsh climatic conditions in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke
- Department of Animal PhysiologyFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria
- Centre of Excellence in Poultry SciencesUniversity of LomeLomeTogo
| | | | | | - Folasade Olukemi Oke
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm ManagementFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria
| | | | - Kokou Tona
- Centre of Excellence in Poultry SciencesUniversity of LomeLomeTogo
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Lebda MA, Mansour AA, Elieba EM, Hassoubah SA, AlMalki F, El-Magd MA, Othman SI, Allam AM, Tellez-Isaias G, Taha AE. Leverage of Salvadora persica and Pulicaria undulata extracts in Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103472. [PMID: 38271754 PMCID: PMC10832469 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a significant challenge in the poultry industry due to their related use of antimicrobial compounds and the drastic losses in production and livability. This study investigated the preventive impacts of dietary supplementation of Salvadora persica (SP) and/or Pulicaria undulata (PU) extracts on growth traits, biochemical and immune parameters, and related gene expression of E. coli-infected broilers. A total of 120 one-day-old Cobb broilers were used. The chicks were allocated into eight equal groups (3 replicates/ group; 5 chicks per each replicate) as follows: G1; control negative, G2; SP-treated, G3; PU-treated, G4; SP/PU-treated, G5; E. coli infected, G6; E. coli infected and SP-treated, G7; E. coli infected and PU-treated, G8; E. coli infected and SP/PU-treated groups. Results revealed significant improvement in average body weight (ABW), average weight gain (AWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broilers fed diets supplemented with SP and/or PU compared to control and E. coli infected groups. Moreover, significant (P < 0.05) reduction in ALT, AST, creatinine, and uric acid was reported in other treated groups compared to the single E. coli-infected broilers. On the contrary, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum immunoglobulin and protein concentration was also reported in treated groups when compared to E. coli-infected untreated group. In addition, feeding broilers with SP and/or PU significantly improved (P < 0.05) the relative weight of immune-related organs and gene expression of TLR-15, with subsequent down-regulation of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA transcripts. Supplementing broilers with dietary SP and/or PU could be promising in the prevention of E. coli infection via stimulating significant improvement of immune-related gene expression, immune-related organ weight, and down-regulation of inflammatory-related genes, with subsequent enhancement of the growth performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Lebda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Ahd A Mansour
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa M Elieba
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - Shahira A Hassoubah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah AlMalki
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwaiiyah 19257, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abu El-Magd
- Embryology and Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - Sara I Othman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Allam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211 Egypt
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701 USA
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, 22758, Edfina, Egypt.
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El Sabry MI, Almasri O. Global waterfowl production: stocking rate is a key factor for improving productivity and well-being-a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:419. [PMID: 37996713 PMCID: PMC10667451 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Waterfowl is an important animal-protein source, which has the potential to get a bigger share in the animal production sector. However, waterfowl farming practices and welfare standards are not well established yet. Stocking rate is one of the farming standards that can enhance the productivity, behavior, and well-being of birds; however, rare studies are available in this area. Thus, this article (1) gives an overview of the recent global waterfowls' meat and egg production and their population distribution, (2) reviews the effects of stocking rate on social, feeding, and sexual behaviors, (3) shows the effects of stocking rate on growth performance, carcass weight, and meat quality of ducks and geese, and (4) declares the relationship between the stocking rate and egg production. Conclusively, an optimal stocking rate standard can improve behaviors, productivity (meat-egg), and meat quality. Moreover, using weight (kg)/m2 will help in affording the required space allowance for different ducks and geese under various housing systems. The fish-waterfowl production system could be a promising and sustainable solution for increasing waterfowl production, maintaining the welfare of birds, saving energy, and reducing the water footprint of waterfowl meat. Based on prior research findings, we recommended adopting the stocking rate (SR) standard for specific duck and goose breeds to achieve an optimal production-welfare balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I El Sabry
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 6 El-Gamma St, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Obaida Almasri
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 6 El-Gamma St, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Hamouda NH, Saleh WD, Nasr NF, El Sabry MI. Benefits and risks of using bacterial- and plant-produced nano-silver for Japanese quail hatching-egg sanitation. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:228. [PMID: 37160476 PMCID: PMC10169885 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This research compared how bacterial-, plant-produced silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and TH4 affected the eggshells microbial load and quail chicks' liver structure, embryonic mortality, and features related to hatchability. Ag-NPs were sensitized by bacterial and plant methods, and then identified by UV-visible spectroscopy, TEM, and FTIR spectroscopy. B-Ag-NPs were found in spherical shapes in size ranging from 7.09 to 18.1 nm versus multi-shape with size range of 25.0-78.1 nm for P-Ag-NPs. A total number of 624 eggs (in three equal groups) of Japanese quail flock were sprayed with TH4 as control, B-Ag-NPs and P-Ag-NPs. Thereafter, three eggs were sampled randomly from each group for determining important microbial groups. The remaining eggs were incubated according to the recommended incubation conditions. On the day of hatching, the percentages of hatchability and embryonic mortality were measured. Besides, five chicks from each treatment were slaughtered and the livers were utilized for ICP and histological tests. The effects of all three treatments on the microbial count in eggshells were comparable, according to the results. In addition, there was no negative effect on either hatchability percentage or embryonic mortality rate. The liver structure from both B-Ag-NPs and P-Ag-NPs treatments exhibited severe and moderate degeneration of hepatocytes, which may indicate possible hazardous effects of using nanoparticles. Using TH4 did not cause liver structure abnormality. In conclusion, using Ag-NPs for sanitizing hatching eggs effectively reduces the eggshell microbial count without affecting the hatchability percentage. Nevertheless, histological changes are appropriate to be considered as a safety parameter in Ag-NPs applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa H Hamouda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - W D Saleh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - N F Nasr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - M I El Sabry
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Al-Zghoul MB, Jaradat ZW, Ababneh MM, Okour MZ, Saleh KMM, Alkofahi A, Alboom MH. Effects of embryonic thermal manipulation on the immune response to post-hatch Escherichia coli challenge in broiler chicken. Vet World 2023; 16:918-928. [PMID: 37576780 PMCID: PMC10420701 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.918-928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Thermal manipulation (TM), exposure to mild heat shock during embryogenesis, which is a critical developmental period of broiler chickens, improves tissue stability, oxidative stress response, and immune response during heat stress. Thermal manipulation could be more cost-effective than other methods to boost the immune response. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of TM during embryogenesis, concomitant with an Escherichia coli challenge, on body weight (BW), body temperature (Tb), and splenic mRNA expression of cytokines (Interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, and interferon [IFN]-γ) in poultry. Materials and Methods A total of 740 fertile eggs were procured from a certified Ross broiler breeder. The eggs were divided into two incubation groups: the control and TM groups. The eggs in the control group were kept at 37.8°C air temperature and 56% relative humidity (RH) during incubation; eggs of the TM group were incubated under standard conditions, except for embryonic days 10-18, during which they were incubated at 39°C and 65% RH for 18 h daily. On the 7th day of incubation, eggs with dead embryos were excluded. After hatching was complete, each group was further subdivided into saline-treated or E. coli-challenged groups. The E. coli (serotype 078 with the dose of 1.5 × 105 colony-forming unit/mL) challenge was performed when the birds were 20 days old. Body weight and Tb measurements were taken on post-hatch days 20, 21, 23, and 25. Splenic mRNA expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, and IFN-γ) was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Following the E. coli challenge, the TM-treated group's body performance parameters (BW and Tb) were significantly increased compared with the control group. Body weight was higher in the TM group than in the control group (p < 0.05); Tb was lower in the TM group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of IL and IFN-γ were more stable and moderately induced in the TM group compared with the control group. Thermal manipulation altered the basal mRNA levels of ILs and IFN-γ and changed their expression dynamics after the E. coli challenge. Conclusion Thermal manipulation during embryogenesis could boost the immune system response to E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ziad Waheed Jaradat
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mustafa M. Ababneh
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Ziad Okour
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Ayesha Alkofahi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Hussien Alboom
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Alaqil AA, Abbas AO. The Effects of Dietary Spirulina platensisis on Physiological Responses of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Endotoxin Stress. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030363. [PMID: 36766252 PMCID: PMC9913456 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was proposed to highlight the impact of dietary Spirulina platensis (SP) supplementation in alleviating the deterioration effect of Escherichia coli (EC) on the growth performance, redox biomarkers, immune reaction, and hindgut microbial counts and acidosis in broiler chickens. Four hundred Cobb500, one-day-old, broiler chickens were deposited in battery cages (10 chicks per cage). The chicks were distributed into totally randomized 2 × 2 factorial treatments (10 replicate cages per treatment) from the day 22 to the day 42 of age. Birds of two of the groups were fed on a basal diet without SP supplementation (-SP groups), while birds of the other two groups were fed on a basal diet supplemented with 10 g/kg SP (+SP groups). At day 36th of age, birds in one of the -SP and +SP groups were challenged by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with 107 CFU/bird EC (O157:H7 strain) in 0.5 mL sterilized saline (+EC groups), whereas the other non-challenged groups were i.p. injected with 0.5 mL saline only (-EC groups). The current study results indicated that the boilers challenged with EC had a significant (p < 0.05) lower performance, poor antioxidant activity, immunosuppression, and higher numbers of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine when compared with the non-challenged birds. Dietary SP inclusion enhanced (p < 0.05) broiler growth, antioxidant activity, immune response, and intestinal beneficial bacteria and acidosis. Moreover, SP alleviated the reduction in all these parameters after exposure to EC infection. Therefore, diets containing 10 g/kg SP could be used as a promising approach to maximize broilers' production and support their health, particularly when challenged with EC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A. Alaqil
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O. Abbas
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 7 Gamma St., Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Hashem MA, Hassan AEA, Abou-Elnaga HMM, Abdo W, Dahran N, Alghamdi AH, Elmahallawy EK. Modulatory effect of dietary probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on growth, immuno-biochemical alterations, DNA damage, and pathological changes in E. coli-infected broiler chicks. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:964738. [PMID: 36337201 PMCID: PMC9631445 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.964738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli is one of the principal causes of heavy economic losses to the poultry industry. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms, particularly the potential role of immunoglobulin A and the DNA damage, involving the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics and prebiotics in avian colibacillosis. The current study investigated the potential effects of probiotic and prebiotic dietary supplementation on E. coli-infected broiler chicks. A total of 120 1-day-old unsexed Hubbard chicks were divided into six groups: Group 1 was considered as a negative control; Group 2 was supplemented with 1 g/kg feed of Lactobacillus plantarum; Group 3 was supplemented with amylase enzyme; Group 4 served as a positive control infected orally by E. coli O78; Group 5 was supplemented with L. plantarum from 1-day-old chicken and then infected orally with E. coli O78; and Group 6 was supplemented with amylase enzyme from 1-day old chicken and then infected orally with E. coli O78. For all examined groups, the experimental period lasted for 42 days. The E. coli-infected group revealed a decrease in body performance parameters with a significant increase in the liver enzymes and renal function tests. The same group recorded a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumins, and globulins, and the alteration of immunological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress parameters, and comet assay revealed highly damaged DNA in the liver and the intestine. By histopathological examination, a series of histopathological changes in the liver, the kidney, and the intestine were observed. The infected chick pretreated with probiotics or prebiotics demonstrated an improvement in body performance parameters besides a significant decrease in the hepatic enzymes and renal function tests. We noticed that, in treated groups, there was a significant increase in serum total proteins in the serum albumin and globulin levels, immunological parameters, and antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, DNA damage and histopathological changes within hepatic, renal, and intestinal tissues were markedly diminished in the treated groups compared with the infected group. We concluded that the adverse effects of E. coli could be modulated through the chemopreventive administration of probiotics and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Hashem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Azza E. A. Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Health Institute, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Al Aqiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Wu H, Cui X, Guan S, Li G, Yao Y, Wu H, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yu T, Li Y, Lian Z, Zhang L, Liu G. The Improved Milk Quality and Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase ( ASMT) Overexpressed Goats: An Association with the Elevated Endogenous Melatonin Production. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020572. [PMID: 35056885 PMCID: PMC8778916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Transgenic animal production is an important means of livestock breeding and can be used to model pharmaceutical applications. Methods: In this study, to explore the biological activity of endogenously produced melatonin, Acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT)-overexpressed melatonin-enriched dairy goats were successfully generated through the use of pBC1-ASMT expression vector construction and prokaryotic embryo microinjection. Results: These transgenic goats have the same normal phenotype as the wild-type goats (WT). However, the melatonin levels in their blood and milk were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, the quality of their milk was also improved, showing elevated protein content and a reduced somatic cell number compared to the WT goats. No significant changes were detected in the intestinal microbiota patterns between groups. When the animals were challenged by the intravenous injection of E. coli, the ASMT-overexpressed goats had a lower level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher anti-inflammatory cytokines compared to the WT goats. Metabolic analysis uncovered a unique arachidonic acid metabolism pattern in transgenic goats. Conclusions: The increased melatonin production due to ASMT overexpression in the transgenic goats may have contributed to their improved milk quality and enhanced the anti-inflammatory ability compared to the WT goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xudai Cui
- Qingdao Senmiao Industrial Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266101, China; (X.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shengyu Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guangdong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yujun Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Haixin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tianjin 300192, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tianjin 300192, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Tuan Yu
- Tianheng Animal Health and Product Quality Supervision Station, Qingdao 266200, China;
| | - Yunxiang Li
- Qingdao Senmiao Industrial Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266101, China; (X.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6273-2735
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Madkour M, Aboelenin MM, Younis E, Mohamed MA, Hassan H, Alagawany M, Shourrap M. Hepatic acute-phase response, antioxidant biomarkers and DNA fragmentation of two rabbit breeds subjected to acute heat stress. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1861993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Younis
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Hussein Hassan
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shourrap
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Abbas AO, Alaqil AA, El-Beltagi HS, Abd El-Atty HK, Kamel NN. Modulating Laying Hens Productivity and Immune Performance in Response to Oxidative Stress Induced by E. coli Challenge Using Dietary Propolis Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E893. [PMID: 32967097 PMCID: PMC7555396 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis (PR) is a resin product of bee colonies that has rich bioactive antioxidant and bactericidal compounds. Endotoxin, a byproduct of bacterial growth, is reported to cause progressive induction of endogenous oxidative stress and has negative impacts on individual health and wellbeing. Hereby, we investigated the ability of PR to alleviate the oxidative stress and immunosuppression imposed by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli using laying hen as a based model. In this study, PR was dietary supplemented to hens for 4 weeks at a concentration of 0.1%. At the beginning of the 4th week of the experiment, hens from control and PR treatment were injected with E. coli (O157:H7; 107 colonies/hen) or saline. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) negative impact of E. coli challenge on antioxidant status, immune response and productive performance. PR supplementation reduced (p < 0.05) inflammation markers levels (tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) and plasma corticosterone concentration. The antioxidant status was ameliorated with dietary PR supplementation to challenged hens, showing significant (p < 0.05) reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations. Cell mediated, as well as, humeral immune response improved significantly (p < 0.05) with dietary PR verified by the enhancement of T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation and the positive respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Leucocyte cells viability increased significantly and the apoptotic factor forkhead box O3 (Foxo3) was reduced with PR supplementation. The current study revealed that dietary PR supplementation can effectively be used as an organic feed additive to overcome the endogenous oxidative stress induced by endotoxins challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Abbas
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St., Giza, Cairo P.O. Box 12613, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alaqil
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Gamma St., Giza, Cairo P.O. Box 12613, Egypt
| | - Hanaa K. Abd El-Atty
- Department of Poultry breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12611, Egypt;
| | - Nancy N. Kamel
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
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11
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Zhuang ZX, Chen SE, Chen CF, Lin EC, Huang SY. Genomic regions and pathways associated with thermotolerance in layer-type strain Taiwan indigenous chickens. J Therm Biol 2019; 88:102486. [PMID: 32125976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate genetic markers and candidate genes associated with thermotolerance in a layer-type strain Taiwan indigenous chickens exposed to acute heat stress. One hundred and ninety-two 30-week-old roosters were subjected to acute heat stress. Changes in body temperature (BT, ΔT) were calculated by measuring the difference between the initial BT and the highest BT during heat stress and the results were categorized into dead, susceptible, tolerant, and intermediate groups depending on their survival and ΔT values at the end of the experiment. A genome-wide association study on survival and ΔT values was conducted using the Cochran-Armitage trend test and Fisher's exact test. Association analyses identified 80 significant SNPs being annotated to 23 candidate genes, 440 SNPs to 71 candidate genes, 64 SNPs to 25 candidate genes, and 378 SNPs to 78 candidate genes in the dead versus survivor, tolerant versus susceptible, intermediate versus tolerant, and intermediate versus susceptible groups, respectively. The annotated genes were associated with apoptosis, cellular stress responses, DNA repair, and metabolic oxidative stress. In conclusion, the identified SNPs of candidate genes provide insights into the potential mechanisms underlying physiological responses to acute heat stress in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Zhuang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Shuen-Ei Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - En-Chung Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, 50, Lane 155, Section 3, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10673, Taiwan.
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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12
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Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Pourrut B, Del Bo' C, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales - (Part 2 Vertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:130-164. [PMID: 31416573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay has become one of the methods of choice for the evaluation and measurement of DNA damage. It is sensitive, quick to perform and relatively affordable for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The comet assay can be applied to virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues. Even though the comet assay is predominantly used on human cells, the application of the assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in yeast, plant and animal cells is also quite high, especially in terms of biomonitoring. The present extensive overview on the usage of the comet assay in animal models will cover both terrestrial and water environments. The first part of the review was focused on studies describing the comet assay applied in invertebrates. The second part of the review, (Part 2) will discuss the application of the comet assay in vertebrates covering cyclostomata, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, in addition to chordates that are regarded as a transitional form towards vertebrates. Besides numerous vertebrate species, the assay is also performed on a range of cells, which includes blood, liver, kidney, brain, gill, bone marrow and sperm cells. These cells are readily used for the evaluation of a wide spectrum of genotoxic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of vertebrate models and their role in environmental biomonitoring will also be discussed as well as the comparison of the use of the comet assay in vertebrate and human models in line with ethical principles. Although the comet assay in vertebrates is most commonly used in laboratory animals such as mice, rats and lately zebrafish, this paper will only briefly review its use regarding laboratory animal models and rather give special emphasis to the increasing usage of the assay in domestic and wildlife animals as well as in various ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e Estudos em Saúde de Publica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- DeFENS-Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Gao M, Yang Y, Lv M, Song W, Song Z. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in zebrafish liver due to hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-loaded cadmium. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:498-505. [PMID: 29587230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute and sub-acute toxicity responses in zebrafish following their exposure to hydroxyapatite-loaded cadmium nanoparticles (nHAP-Cd). The results indicate that cadmium chloride (Cd2+), 20 nm nHAP-Cd (nHAP20-Cd), and 40 nm nHAP-Cd (nHAP40-Cd) caused toxicity in zebrafish; the toxicity levels were in the following order: Cd2+ > nHAP20-Cd > nHAP40-Cd. Furthermore, nHAP-Cd showed level II grade of acute toxicity in zebrafish; the gradation was done on the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 203. We also found that Cd2+ ions and nHAP-Cd affected the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and membrane permeability of zebrafish livers; these effects were compliant with the changes in antioxidant levels. The results of enzyme assays indicate the following notion: following the exposure of zebrafish to 0.12-0.93 mg/L nHAP-Cd, the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes increased significantly. Moreover, the content of anti-superoxide anion also increased substantially. This increasing trend of enzymatic activity was observed until the concentration of nHAP-Cd reached 1.86 mg/L nHAP-Cd. By increasing the concentration of both Cd2+ and nHAP-Cd, we found that levels of DNA damage had increased substantially in zebrafish liver; this effect was visualized by performing comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minling Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Yujuan Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Mengting Lv
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Wenhua Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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14
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Mehaisen GMK, Ibrahim RM, Desoky AA, Safaa HM, El-Sayed OA, Abass AO. The importance of propolis in alleviating the negative physiological effects of heat stress in quail chicks. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186907. [PMID: 29053741 PMCID: PMC5650467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most detrimental confrontations in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, causing considerable economic losses in poultry production. Propolis, a resinous product of worker honeybees, possesses several biological activities that could be used to alleviate the deleterious effects of high environmental temperature on poultry production. The current study was aimed at evaluating the effects of propolis supplementation to Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diets on the production performance, intestinal histomorphology, relative physiological and immunological parameters, and selected gene expression under heat stress conditions. Three hundred one-day-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly distributed into 20 wired-cages. At 28 d of age, the birds were divided into 2 temperature treatment groups; a normal at 24°C (C group) and a heat stress at 35°C (HS group). The birds in each group were further assigned to 2 subgroups; one of them was fed on a basal diet without propolis supplementation (-Pr subgroup) while the other was supplemented with propolis (+Pr subgroup). Production performance including body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured. The intestinal histomorphological measurements were also performed for all treatment groups. Relative physiological parameters including body temperature, corticosterone hormone level, malondialdehyde (MDA) and free triiodothyronine hormone (fT3), as well as the relative immunological parameters including the total white blood cells count (TWBC’s), heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and lymphocyte proliferation index, were also measured. Furthermore, the mRNA expression for toll like receptor 5 (TLR5), cysteine-aspartic protease-6 (CASP6) and heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (Hsp70 and Hsp90) genes was quantified in this study. The quail production performance was significantly (P<0.05) impaired by HS treatment, while Pr treatment significantly improved the quail production performance. The villus width and area were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the HS compared to the C group, while Pr treatment significantly increased crypts depth of quail. A negative impact of HS treatment was observed on the physiological status of quail; however, propolis significantly alleviated this negative effect. Moreover, quail of the HS group expressed lower immunological parameters than C group, while propolis enhanced the immune status of the quail. The relative mRNA expression of TLR5 gene was down-regulated by HS treatment while it was up-regulated by the Pr treatment. Furthermore, the positive effects of propolis in HS-quail were evidenced by normalizing the high expressions of CASP6 and Hsp70 genes when compared to the C group. Based on these results, the addition of propolis to quail diets as a potential nutritional strategy in order to improve their performance, especially under heat stress conditions, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M. K. Mehaisen
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Poultry Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Rania M. Ibrahim
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adel A. Desoky
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hosam M. Safaa
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama A. El-Sayed
- Poultry Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O. Abass
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Poultry Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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15
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Microcystin-leucine-arginine Modulates the Expression Patterns of Proinflammatory Cytokines and an Apoptotic Gene in Chicken Liver. J Poult Sci 2017; 55:70-77. [PMID: 32055159 PMCID: PMC6756373 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are included in drinking water and a family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins that have been implicated in the impairment of liver function in various animals. There is scarce information on the effect of MCs on cytokines and apoptotic gene expression and on whether MCs can induce inflammation and apoptosis in avian hepatic tissue. This study investigated the expression of genes related to proinflammatory interleukins, apoptosis, and antioxidant function in chicken liver tissues cultured in the presence of different doses of microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR). Livers were collected from five hens and liver slices were placed in sterile tubes containing Dulbecco's medium supplemented with 0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL of MC-LR. After 6 h of cultivation, total RNA was extracted and quantitative PCR analysis was performed for interleukin genes (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), TNF sf15, an apoptotic gene (caspase-3), and genes involved in antioxidant function ([catalase [CAT ], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-PX ], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]). Liver tissues in each group were fixed for histopathology. MC-LR downregulated the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF sf15 as compared to the control (0 ng/mL) in dose-dependent patterns; however, the differences were not significant. The expression of IL-6 in liver tissues exposed to 100 ng/mL of MC-LR was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that in tissues exposed to 1 ng/mL. In contrast, MC-LR upregulated the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and genes involved in antioxidant function in the liver tissues after 6 h, without the difference reaching statistical significance. Hepatocytes showed vacuolar degeneration and focal necrosis according to the dose of MC-LR. This study highlighted the risk of low doses of MC-LR in chicken liver. Moreover, MC-LR could modulate the transcriptional patterns of at least IL-6 in liver-tissue culture of chicken after 6 h of exposure.
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16
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Mehaisen GMK, Eshak MG, Elkaiaty AM, Atta ARMM, Mashaly MM, Abass AO. Comprehensive growth performance, immune function, plasma biochemistry, gene expressions and cell death morphology responses to a daily corticosterone injection course in broiler chickens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172684. [PMID: 28235061 PMCID: PMC5325522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The massive meat production of broiler chickens make them continuously exposed to potential stressors that stimulate releasing of stress-related hormones like corticosterone (CORT) which is responsible for specific pathways in biological mechanisms and physiological activities. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate a wide range of responses related to broiler performance, immune function, plasma biochemistry, related gene expressions and cell death morphology during and after a 7-day course of CORT injection. A total number of 200 one-day-old commercial Cobb broiler chicks were used in this study. From 21 to 28 d of age, broilers were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups with 5 replicates of 20 birds each; the first group received a daily intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg BW corticosterone dissolved in 0.5 ml ethanol:saline solution (CORT group), while the second group received a daily intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml ethanol:saline only (CONT group). Growth performance, including body weight (BW), daily weight gain (DG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FC), were calculated at 0, 3 and 7 d after the start of the CORT injections. At the same times, blood samples were collected in each group for hematological (TWBC's and H/L ratio), T- and B-lymphocytes proliferation and plasma biochemical assays (total protein, TP; free triiodothyronine hormone, fT3; aspartate amino transaminase, AST; and alanine amino transaminase, ALT). The liver, thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen were dissected and weighed, and the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 gene (IGF-1) in liver and cell-death-program gene (caspase-9) in bursa were analyzed for each group and time; while the apoptotic/necrotic cells were morphologically detected in the spleen. From 28 to 35 d of age, broilers were kept for recovery period without CORT injection and the same sampling and parameters were repeated at the end (at 14 d after initiation of the CORT injection). In general, all parameters of broiler performance were negatively affected by the CORT injection. In addition, CORT treatment decreased the plasma concentration of fT3 and the mRNA expression of hepatic IGF-1. A significant increase in liver weight accompanied by an increase in plasma TP, AST and ALT was observed with CORT treatment, indicating an incidence of liver malfunction by CORT. Moreover, the relative weights of thymus, bursa and spleen decreased by the CORT treatment with low counts of TWBC's and low stimulation of T & B cells while the H/L ratio increased; indicating immunosuppressive effect for CORT treatment. Furthermore, high expression of caspase-9 gene occurred in the bursa of CORT-treated chickens, however, it was associated with a high necrotic vs. low apoptotic cell death pathway in the spleen. Seven days after termination of the CORT treatment in broilers, most of these aspects remained negatively affected by CORT and did not recover to its normal status. The current study provides a comprehensive view of different physiological modulations in broiler chickens by CORT treatment and may set the potential means to mount a successful defense against stress in broilers and other animals as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M. K. Mehaisen
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariam G. Eshak
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Elkaiaty
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Magdi M. Mashaly
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O. Abass
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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