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Kim JR, Park S, Lee CD. Relationship Between Resilience, Community Participation, and Successful Aging Among Older Adults in South Korea: Mediating Role of Community Participation. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:2233-2241. [PMID: 37522401 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231183772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A high level of resilience is positively related to successful aging. However, interventions to increase resilience in older adults are not yet available. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of community participation in the relationship between resilience and successful aging. Data from 284 individuals aged 60 years and above were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. The pathways among resilience, community participation, and successful aging were statistically significant after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, depression, disability, and chronic disease. The analysis revealed a partial mediating effect of community participation (unstandardized estimate = .01, p < .01), explaining 16.4% of the total effect of resilience on successful aging. Promoting community participation may be beneficial for enhancing successful aging in community-dwelling older adults. Further studies to examine the causal relationship between community participation and successful aging and to develop community services are recommended to use community resources as means to support successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ran Kim
- Department of Dementia Prevention and Rehabilitation, College of Human Service, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmi Park
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Dae Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh, Healthcare System and University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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López-Del-Hoyo Y, Fernández-Martínez S, Pérez-Aranda A, Barceló-Soler A, Bani M, Russo S, Urcola-Pardo F, Strepparava MG, García-Campayo J. Effects of eHealth interventions on stress reduction and mental health promotion in healthcare professionals: A systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:5514-5533. [PMID: 36703266 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions to reduce stress and promote mental health in healthcare professionals, and to compare the efficacy of different types of programs (guided vs. self-guided; 'third-wave' psychotherapies vs. other types). BACKGROUND Healthcare workers present high levels of stress, which constitutes a risk factor for developing mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. eHealth interventions have been designed to reduce these professional's stress considering that the characteristics of this delivery method make it a cost-effective and very appealing alternative because of its fast and easy access. DESIGN A systematic review of quantitative studies. METHODS A comprehensive database search for quantitative studies was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane (until 1 April 2022). The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and SWiM reporting guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tools. RESULTS The abstracts of 6349 articles were assessed and 60 underwent in-depth review, with 27 fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The interventions were classified according to their format (self-guided vs. guided) and contents ('third-wave' psychotherapies vs. others). Twenty-two interventions emerged, 13 of which produced significant posttreatment reductions in stress levels of health professionals (9 self-guided, 8 'third wave' psychotherapies). Significant effects in improving depressive symptomatology, anxiety, burnout, resilience and mindfulness, amongst others, were also found. CONCLUSION The evidence gathered in this review highlights the heterogeneity of the eHealth interventions that have been studied; self-guided and 'third-wave' psychotherapy programs are the most common, often with promising results, although the methodological shortcomings of most studies hinder the extraction of sound conclusions. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022310199. No Patient or Public Contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda López-Del-Hoyo
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS) RD21/0016/0005, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Selene Fernández-Martínez
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Aranda
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alberto Barceló-Soler
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Fernando Urcola-Pardo
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Group Water and Environmental Health (B43_20R), University Institute of Research in Environmental Science of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Clinical Unit "Psicologia Clinica", Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS) RD21/0016/0005, Zaragoza, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Gerbarg PL, Cruz-Cordero YL, Conte VA, García ME, Braña A, Estape ES, Brown RP. Breath-Body-Mind Core Techniques to Manage Medical Student Stress. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2023; 10:23821205231212056. [PMID: 37953880 PMCID: PMC10637144 DOI: 10.1177/23821205231212056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a live, interactive, synchronous, online, manualized intervention, Breath-Body-Mind Introductory Course (BBM-IC), for medical students. BBM-IC includes breathing, movement, and attention-focus techniques for stress management and better emotion regulation, energy, sleep, and mental focus. Methods Medical students attending a 2-h BBM demonstration were invited to participate in the 12-h BBM-IC and weekly 45-min 6-week group practice. Measures were obtained using Survey Monkey: patient health questionnaire (PHQ9), generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), exercise-induced feeling inventory (EFI), sleep quality scale (SQS), and body perception questionnaire-short form (BPQ-SF) at pre-BBM-IC (T1), post-BBM-IC (T2), and 6 weeks post (T3). Perceived stress scale (PSS) and meditation practices questionnaire (MPQ) were measured at baseline (T1) only. Results Twelve medical students participated in BBM-IC 4-h daily for 3 days. Six attended practice sessions and completed 6-week post-tests. Mean scores comparison identified two variable sets with significant improvements: EFI tranquility (p < .005) and supradiaphragmatic reactivity (p < .040). Two measures reached near significance: SQS (p ≤ .060) and PHQ9 (p ≤ .078). Conclusion This pilot study provided preliminary evidence that BBM-IC may reduce stress and anxiety symptoms while improving mood, energy, mental focus, and other correlates of psychophysiological state in medical students. Taking time for self-care is challenging for medical students, as reflected in the small study enrollment. Designating time for BBM as a requirement within the medical curriculum would probably enable more students to participate and acquire skills to reduce the effects of stress on their physical and psychological health, as well as the health of their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaidy L Cruz-Cordero
- Student Programs Coordination Office, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Vincent A Conte
- Frank G. Zarb School of Business, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Martha E García
- Health Humanities Program, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Angel Braña
- Student Programs Coordination Office, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Estela S Estape
- Research Center, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Richard P Brown
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
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Sung MK, Koh E, Kang Y, Lee JH, Park JY, Kim JY, Shin SY, Kim YH, Setou N, Lee US, Yang HJ. Three months-longitudinal changes in relative telomere length, blood chemistries, and self-report questionnaires in meditation practitioners compared to novice individuals during midlife. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30930. [PMID: 36254044 PMCID: PMC9575785 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging accelerates during midlife. Researches have shown the health benefits of mind-body intervention (MBI). However, whether MBI is involved with aging process has not been well understood. In this study, we approach to examine the relations of MBI with this process by investigating an aging marker of the peripheral blood, blood chemistry, and self-report questionnaires. A quasi-experimental design was applied. Experienced MBI practitioners participated in a 3-month intensive meditation training, while the age, gender-matched MBI-naïve controls led a normal daily life. Measurements were taken at before and after the 3 months for relative telomere length (RTL), blood chemistry, and self-report questionnaires including items about sleep quality, somatic symptoms, depression, anxiety, stress, emotional intelligence (EI), and self-regulation. For RTL, the repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant group*time interaction (P = .013) with a significant post hoc result (P = .030) within the control group: RTL was significantly reduced in the control while it was maintained in the meditation group. In repeated measures analysis of variance for blood chemistries, there were significant group differences between the groups in glucose and total protein. In the post hoc comparison analysis, at post measurements, the meditation group exhibited significantly lower values than the control group in both glucose and total protein. There were significant group-wise differences in the correlations of RTL with triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Any of self-report results did not show significant changes in group*time interaction. However, there were group differences with significant (P < .05) or a tendency (.05 < P < .1) level. There were significant improvements in depression, stress and EI as well as tendencies of improvement in sleep quality and anxiety, in the meditation group compared to the control group. Our results suggest that meditation practice may have a potential to modify aging process in molecular cellular level combined with changes in psychological dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratories, Singapore
| | | | - Jin-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrative Health Care, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Department of Integrative Health Care, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Kim
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Noriko Setou
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ul Soon Lee
- Department of Brain Education Convergence, Global Cyber University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Integrative Health Care, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Korea
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyun-Jeong Yang, Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea (e-mail: )
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Ju R, Chiu W, Zang Y, Hofmann SG, Liu X. Effectiveness and mechanism of a 4-week online self-help mindfulness intervention among individuals with emotional distress during COVID-19 in China. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:149. [PMID: 35698165 PMCID: PMC9190451 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many people suffered from emotional distress especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to alleviate emotional distress, more accessible psychological intervention programs, such as online intervention programs, are needed. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and the potential mechanism of a 4-week, online, self-help mindfulness-based intervention to manage emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic between February 3 and May 20, 2020. Methods A total of 302 individuals with high emotional distress completed a self-help mindfulness course, which lasted 30–60 min per day for 28 consecutive days. Participants who registered in the program later were included in the analyses as the control group (n = 315). Levels of mindfulness, perceived stress, emotional distress, anxiety and depression were assessed at baseline(T1), week 1(T2), week 2(T3), week 3(T4) and week 4(T5). Results Significant Group by Time interaction effects were found on mindfulness, perceived stress, emotional distress, anxiety and depression (p < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the intervention group had a greater increase in changes of all outcome variables (p < 0.001). Random intercept cross-lagged analyses showed that compared with control group, mindfulness at T2 and T4 negatively predicted stress at T3 and T5, and mindfulness at T2 and T4 negatively predicted depression at T3 and T5 while depression at T3 predicted mindfulness at T4 in the mindfulness group. Conclusions The results suggest that a 4-week self-help online mindfulness intervention improved mindfulness and reduced stress, emotional distress, anxiety and depression symptoms. Compared to the control group, changes in mindfulness preceded changes in stress, and mindfulness and depression reciprocally influenced each other during the intervention. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000034539. Registered 9 July 2020—Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=55721&htm=4. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-022-00831-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Ju
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wingsze Chiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Zang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Marzorati C, Pizzoli SFM, Grasso R, Pravettoni G. Remote Relaxation and Acceptance Training for the Management of Stress in Cancer Patients: A Study Protocol. Front Psychol 2021; 12:710861. [PMID: 34721155 PMCID: PMC8548685 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer patients are now facing a double distinctive challenge of survival against both the disease and fear of contracting COVID-19. This challenge has resulted in the forced adoption of social distancing measures and reorganization of the delivery of medical and psychological treatments. The perceived loneliness and uncertainty increased distress and symptoms burden. In the current period, eHealth interventions might provide valuable benefits in the field of cancer care. Objective: The overall goal of the study protocol will be to provide an innovative intervention for cancer patients based on an online platform, to help them manage and prevent psychological problems related to social isolation. Specifically, the efficacy of two web-based interventions aimed at lowering stress in cancer patients will be tested and compared. Methods: One hundred and fifty participants (75 per group) will be enrolled in a two-group randomized trial. The two interventions will be composed either by exercises on relaxation and meditation practices, presented in both automated online content and interactive group sessions or by fixed psychoeducational online content. Stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, distress, resilience, and perceived social isolation will be measured before the start of the interventions (T0), 2 weeks (T1), 4 weeks (T2), and 2 months (T3) after the beginning of the interventions in both groups. A repeated measures ANOVA will be performed to test differences in the questionnaires' scores between groups across the four-time points. Expected Results: We hypothesized greater improvement in the specific domain of stress symptoms (IES-R) assessed in the group receiving the interactive intervention, compared to the group which will receive only fully automated psychoeducational content. Secondarily, we expect the same trend of improvement across all the psychological variables in the blended intervention group. Conclusions: Implementing these practices on people who are forced into mandatory social isolation may help them become more aware of their mind-body condition and reduce negative effects. Moreover, relaxation techniques help individuals in achieving a greater state of well-being, increasing the ability to cope with stressful situations (resilience), and strengthening the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marzorati
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Grasso
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Chae B, Kang J, Shin C, Ko YH, Yoon HK. Insomnia in Emotional Labor: Its Role in Autonomic Nervous System Regulation. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:889-894. [PMID: 34517445 PMCID: PMC8473861 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relation between female emotional laborers' sleep quality and autonomic nervous system activity was investigated. METHODS Thirty-three subjects' heart rate variability (HRV) data and results of self-reported scale on sleep, depression, anxiety and suicidality, were collected. Subjects were classified into good sleeper (GS) and poor sleeper (PS) groups relying on sleep quality. Changes of HRV between working time and resting time in each group were compared. RESULTS The PS group showed significantly lower difference in root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), percentage of successive normal-to-normal intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50), and natural logarithm high-frequency (LnHF) when they were working as compared to when they were resting, which means decreased function of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). Repeated measures analysis of covariance showed that the group effect was significant only for LnHF, with score of depression scale as a covariate. CONCLUSION Female emotional laborers who complain of sleep difficulty may have decreased function of the PNS. Therefore, good sleep quality is essential for maintaining and promoting mental and physical health of women engage in emotional labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - June Kang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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8
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Bermejo-Martins E, Luis EO, Fernández-Berrocal P, Martínez M, Sarrionandia A. The role of emotional intelligence and self-care in the stress perception during COVID-19 outbreak: An intercultural moderated mediation analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 177:110679. [PMID: 36540668 PMCID: PMC9756564 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and stress has been widely studied, as well as the beneficial role of self-care to maintain health and wellbeing. However, the joint contribution of EI and self-care in predicting stress has not been examined during COVID-19 lockdown. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of self-care in the relationship between EI and stress and the potential moderator role of gender. Methods A sample of 1082 participants from four Hispanic countries completed measures related to socio-demographic, trait emotional intelligence (Trait Meta-Mood Scale), self-care activities (Self-care Activities Screening Scale) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale). Results Mediation analyses revealed that self-care increased the explained variance of the prediction of stress by EI dimensions after controlling gender and age. However, gender only moderated the relationship between self-care and stress in the mediation model corresponding to emotional attention. Conclusions Data supported a general model for the interaction of EI and self-care as contributing factors of stress. Further research is needed to replicate it in more culturally distant samples and to fully explore the potential role of gender differences. Future intervention programs should include a balanced combination of EI and self-care to increase their benefits on people's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bermejo-Martins
- School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research IdiSNA, Spain
| | - Elkin O Luis
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research IdiSNA, Spain
| | | | - Martín Martínez
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research IdiSNA, Spain
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9
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Pizzoli SFM, Marzorati C, Mazzoni D, Pravettoni G. Web-Based Relaxation Intervention for Stress During Social Isolation: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e22757. [PMID: 33200990 PMCID: PMC8080491 DOI: 10.2196/22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relaxation practices might be helpful exercises for coping with anxiety and stressful sensations. They may be of particular utility when used in web-based interventions during periods of social isolation. OBJECTIVE This randomized study aimed to test whether web-based relaxation practices like natural sounds, deep respiration, and body scans can promote relaxation and a positive emotional state, and reduce psychomotor activation and preoccupation related to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Each condition was characterized by a single online session of a guided square breathing exercise, a guided body scan exercise, or natural sounds. The participants listened to one of the fully automated audio clips for 7 minutes and pre-post completed self-assessed scales on perceived relaxation, psychomotor activation, level of preoccupation associated with COVID-19, and emotional state. At the end of the session, qualitative reports on subjective experience were also collected. RESULTS Overall, 294 participants completed 75% of the survey and 240 completed the entire survey as well as one of three randomly assigned interventions. Perceived relaxation, psychomotor activation/stress, and preoccupation related to COVID-19 showed a positive improvement after participants listened to the audio clips. The same pattern was observed for the valence and perceived dominance of the emotional state. The square breathing and body scan exercises yielded superior results compared to natural sounds in lowering perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a novel insight that can guide the development of future low-cost web-based interventions to reduce preoccupation and stress in the general population. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/19236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Francesca Maria Pizzoli
- University of Milan, Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Marzorati
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mazzoni
- University of Milan, Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- University of Milan, Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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10
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Lee D, Lee WJ, Choi SH, Jang JH, Kang DH. Long-term beneficial effects of an online mind-body training program on stress and psychological outcomes in female healthcare providers: A non-randomized controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21027. [PMID: 32769863 PMCID: PMC7593019 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind-body training (MBT) programs are effective interventions for relieving stress and improving psychological capabilities. To expand our previous study which demonstrated the short-term effects of an 8-week online MBT program, the present study investigated whether those short-term effects persist up to a month after the end of the intervention.Among previous participants, 56 (64%) participated in this follow-up study, 25 in the MBT group and 31 in the control group. Outcome measures included the stress response, emotional intelligence, resilience, coping strategies, positive and negative affect, and anger expression of both groups at baseline, at 8 weeks (right after the training or waiting period), and at 12 weeks (a month after the training or waiting period).The MBT group showed a greater decrease in stress response at 8 weeks, and this reduction remained a month after the end of the intervention. The effect of MBT on resilience and effective coping strategies was also significant at 8 weeks and remained constant a month later. However, the improvement to emotional intelligence and negative affect did not persist a month after training.These findings suggest that the beneficial short-term effects of MBT may last beyond the training period even without continuous practice, but the retention of these benefits seems to depend on the outcome variables. Through a convenient, affordable, and easily accessible online format, MBT may provide cost-effective solutions for employees at worksites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Lee
- Emotional Information and Communication Technology Association
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Won Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Sciences
| | - Joon-Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Emotional Information and Communication Technology Association
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11
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Munk AJL, Schmidt NM, Alexander N, Henkel K, Hennig J. Covid-19-Beyond virology: Potentials for maintaining mental health during lockdown. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236688. [PMID: 32750072 PMCID: PMC7402475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to assess prevalence of mental disorders during Covid-19 pandemic- and respective lockdown in Germany, and potential behaviors/states that can have protective functions on preventing severe mental problems. Assessing prevalence of mental disorders, as well as to find potential protective variables is very important in order to determine people's psychological suffering. It provides the basis for teaching possible coping styles in order to prevent a major breakdown on mental health. Prevalence on mental disorders was expected to increase during the pandemic, especially depression, (general-/and health-) anxiety, panic attacks- and disorder, as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder. Additionally, potentially protective variables, such as resilience and coping, were included. METHODS N = 949 subjects completed an online-survey that asked for symptoms regarding depression, (health) anxiety, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and lock-down related behavior-starting 14 days after lockdown in Germany. RESULTS Prevalence of mental disorders in the current sample was much higher than usual prevalence of mental disorders, with 50.6% expressing at least one mental disorder. Resilience was associated with lower risks for any mental disorder (OR = 4.23, p < .0001, 95%CI = 3.21-5.57), as well as with any other measured mental illness (all ORs between = 2.82 for obsessive-compulsive disorder and OR = 41.44 for panic disorder, all p < .001). Similar results were obtained regarding coping (focus on positive). CONCLUSION Results are highly relevant in order to provide a glance on what substantial influence the current pandemic- and lockdown situation has on mental health across the country, and possibly across the world. Possible ways in order to prevent deterioration and help coping with the current situation are being elaborated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha J. L. Munk
- Department of Differential and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norina M. Schmidt
- Department of Differential and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nina Alexander
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrina Henkel
- Department of Differential and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Juergen Hennig
- Department of Differential and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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12
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Pizzoli SMF, Marzorati C, Mazzoni D, Pravettoni G. An Internet-Based Intervention to Alleviate Stress During Social Isolation With Guided Relaxation and Meditation: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e19236. [PMID: 32530814 PMCID: PMC7301689 DOI: 10.2196/19236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychophysiological stress and decreased well-being are relevant issues during prolonged social isolation periods. Relaxation practices may represent helpful exercises to cope with anxiety and stressful sensations. Objective The aim of this research protocol is to test whether remote relaxation practices such as natural sounds, deep respiration, and body scan meditation promote relaxation and improved emotional state and reduce psychomotor activation and the preoccupation related to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods The study population will consist of 3 experimental groups that will randomly receive one of 3 internet-based audio clips containing a single session of guided breathing exercise, guided body scan exercise, or natural sounds. The participants will listen to the fully automated audio clip for 7 minutes and complete pre-post self-assessment scales on their perceived relaxation, psychomotor activation, level of worry associated with COVID-19, and emotional state. At the end of the session, the participants will also be asked to provide qualitative reports on their subjective experiences. Results Analyses will be performed to test the differences in the efficacy of the different audio clips in an internet-based intervention on 252 participants (84 per group), investigating whether natural sounds or remote guided practices such as deep respiration and body scan meditation positively enhance the participants’ perceived psychological state. Conclusions The study will provide information on if and to what extent guided practices can help in reducing psychological side effects related to social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/19236
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maria Francesca Pizzoli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Marzorati
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mazzoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy
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13
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Lee SH, Hwang SM, Kang DH, Yang HJ. Brain education-based meditation for patients with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15574. [PMID: 31083232 PMCID: PMC6531095 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and type 2 diabetes are chronic diseases, which generally require lifetime care. Meditation and yoga can be complementary to pharmacological therapies according to the scientific evidences so far. Brain education-based meditation (BEM) is a technique, which has been known to change brain structure, psychology, and physiology of healthy adult participants. This randomized, nonblinded pilot trial aimed to examine whether BEM affects the conditions of patients with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes compared with health education classes. METHODS We randomly allocated 48 patients with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes to BEM (n = 24) or health education (n = 24) classes in the Ulsan Junggu Public Health Center in Korea, where the classes were run during the same period and explored the impact of 8-week practice on the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Total RNA was extracted to examine inflammatory gene expressions from the whole blood using PAXgene blood RNA System. In addition, self-reports on mental/physical health were evaluated. The Student's t test, chi-squared test, and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The number of people who participated until the completion of the study was 14 in the control and 21 in the BEM group. After 8 weeks, LDL cholesterol level was significantly decreased in the BEM group after the intervention (13.82 mg/dL reduction, P < .05), while it was not significantly altered in the control group. The expression of inflammatory genes was significantly reduced after 8 weeks of the BEM training (0.3-, 0.5-, and 0.2-fold change for NFKB2, RELA, and IL1B, respectively, all P < .05). In the item analysis of mental/physical health self-reports, a significant improvement was confirmed as follows: increases in focus, confidence, relaxation, and happiness; decreases in fatigue, anger, and loneliness (all P < .05). There were no important adverse events or side-effects by BEM intervention. CONCLUSION Compared to health education, BEM helps lower LDL cholesterol level and the inflammatory gene expression in the patients with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes. Moreover, BEM induces positive effects on the self-reported mental/physical states, warranting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Lee
- Department of Brain Education
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Brain Education, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do
| | | | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Emotional Information and Communication Technology Association, Dae-jeon
| | - Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Department of Brain Education
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Sarrionandia A, Ramos-Díaz E, Fernández-Lasarte O. Resilience as a Mediator of Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Stress: A Cross-Country Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2653. [PMID: 30622503 PMCID: PMC6308158 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing literature provides evidence of the connection between emotional intelligence and resilience, both concepts being adversely related to perceived stress. Nevertheless, there is little evidence from cross-cultural and/or cross-country studies of the simultaneous relationship between these psychological variables. The objective of this study was to address this lack of research, examining the associations between emotional intelligence, resilience and perceived stress in a cross-country context. A total sample of 696 undergraduate students from two universities in the United States and the Basque Country (an autonomous community in northern Spain) participated in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the effects of emotional intelligence and resilience that may affect students’ perceived stress. The results revealed that emotional intelligence functions as a negative predictor of perceived stress through the mediating variable resilience for the American and Basque students. The findings suggest that university students with better emotional intelligence and resilience present lower perceived stress. Thus, improving emotional intelligence and resilience could prevent students from suffering perceived stress in higher education. Implications and directions for further research are discussed; in particular, it is highlighted that intervention programs that improve both EI and resilience could be helpful in reducing perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainize Sarrionandia
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Ramos-Díaz
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Education and Sport Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Oihane Fernández-Lasarte
- Didactics and School Organization, Education and Sport Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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15
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Kang J, Jeong YJ. Embracing the new vulnerable self: A grounded theory approach on critical care survivors’ post-intensive care syndrome. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2018; 49:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Choi SH, An SC, Lee US, Yun JY, Jang JH, Kang DH. In-Depth Relationships between Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits in Meditation Practitioners. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 16:391-397. [PMID: 30466211 PMCID: PMC6245287 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.4.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Meditation can elicit trait-like changes in psychological and social styles, as well as enhancement of emotional regulatory capacity. We investigated the relation between personality traits and emotional intelligence in meditation practitioners. Methods Seventy-two long-term practitioners of mind-body training (MBT) and 62 healthy comparative individuals participated in the study. The participants completed emotional intelligence questionnaires and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Results The MBT group revealed higher scores on all five emotional intelligence factors than did those in the control group, such as emotional awareness and expression, empathy, emotional thinking, emotional application, and emotional regulation (all p≤0.001). MBT practitioners also had higher scores on the intuition of perceiving function (t=−2.635, p=0.010) and on the feeling of the judging function (t=−3.340, p=0.001) of the MBTI compared with those in the control group. Only the MBT group showed a robust relationship with every factor of emotional intelligence and MBTI-defined intuitive styles, indicating that higher scores of emotional intelligence were related to higher scores for intuition. Conclusion Emotional intelligence of meditation practitioners showed notable relationships with some features of personality trait. In-depth associations between emotional intelligence and personality traits would help to foster psychological functions in meditation practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Ul Soon Lee
- Department of Brain Education, Global Cyber University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Lee D, Kang DH, Ha NH, Oh CY, Lee U, Kang SW. Effects of an Online Mind-Body Training Program on the Default Mode Network: An EEG Functional Connectivity Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16935. [PMID: 30446714 PMCID: PMC6240056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Online mind-body training (MBT) programs can improve the psychological capabilities of practitioners. Although there has been a lot of effort to understand the neural mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of meditation, little is known about changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) functional connectivity that accompany mind-body training. The present study aimed to investigate how an online MBT program alters EEG functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN). We assessed a group of healthcare providers, including 14 females who participated in the 4-week MBT program and 15 females who underwent a 4-week of waiting period. EEG data and information about psychological states were obtained at baseline and 4 weeks. The result was that the intervention group showed significant reductions in anxiety and trait anger that were accompanied by increased global DMN network strengths in the theta and alpha (but not beta and delta) frequency bands; these changes were not observed in the control group. Other variables including state anger, positive and negative affect, and self-esteem have not been changed over time in both groups. These findings suggest that practicing the mind-body training could have a relevance to the functional differences in network related to stress and anxiety reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Emotional Information andCommunication Technology Industrial Association, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Ha
- Department of Brain-based Emotion Coaching, Global Cyber University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Young Oh
- Department of Brain-based Emotion Coaching, Global Cyber University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ulsoon Lee
- Department of Brain-based Emotion Coaching, Global Cyber University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wan Kang
- Data Center for Korean EEG, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- iMediSync Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Lee WJ, Choi SH, Shin JE, Oh CY, Ha NH, Lee US, Lee YI, Choi Y, Lee S, Jang JH, Hong YC, Kang DH. Effects of an Online Imagery-Based Treatment Program in Patients with Workplace-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:1071-1078. [PMID: 30380815 PMCID: PMC6258998 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.09.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We developed easily accessible imagery-based treatment program for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to workplace accidents and investigated the effects of the program on various PTSD related symptoms. METHODS The program was based on an online platform and consisted of eight 15-min sessions that included script-guided imagery and supportive music. Thirty-five patients with workplace-related PTSD participated in this program 4 days per week for 4 weeks. Its effects were examined using self-report questionnaires before and after the take-home online treatment sessions. RESULTS After completing the 4-week treatment program, patients showed significant improvements in depressed mood (t=3.642, p=0.001) based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), anxiety (t=3.198, p=0.003) based on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder seven-item (GAD-7) scale, and PTSD symptoms (t=5.363, p<0.001) based on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Check List (PCL). In particular, patients with adverse childhood experiences exhibited a greater degree of relief related to anxiety and PTSD symptoms than those without adverse childhood experiences. CONCLUSION The present. RESULTS demonstrated that the relatively short online imagery-based treatment program developed for this study had beneficial effects for patients with workplace-related PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Young Oh
- Department of Brain Education, Global Cyber University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hyun Ha
- Department of Brain Education, Global Cyber University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ul Soon Lee
- Department of Brain Education, Global Cyber University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Irene Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoobin Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saerom Lee
- Department of Occupational Health Research, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Saleh D, Camart N, Sbeira F, Romo L. Can we learn to manage stress? A randomized controlled trial carried out on university students. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200997. [PMID: 30183710 PMCID: PMC6124718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In our research, we examined the efficacy of an Internet-based stress management program. Our interest in evaluating this type of intervention is based on the increasing accessibility of the Internet today, the growth of Internet-based interventions for various psychopathological problems, and the observation that despite the prevalence of stress among university students, only a fraction of students ever seek professional help. Methodology: “I’m managing my stress” (“Je gère mon stresse”), an Internet-based self-help program composed of four sessions, was examined in this study. The aforementioned program is based on cognitive-behavioral therapy and was inspired by the “Funambule” program in Quebec. Four questionnaires (Perceived Stress Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Scale of Satisfaction in Studies, and General Health Questionnaire) uploaded online were answered thrice: during “preintervention”, “postintervention”, and “follow-up” stages, the latter of which occurred three months after the intervention. The sample comprised 128 university students, with the majority being women (81.25%). The subjects were divided randomly into two groups (an experimental group and a control group that did not follow the program). Results: The self-esteem scores of the control group were significantly higher than those of the experimental group at the preintervention stage, but this difference disappeared at the postintervention and follow-up stages. There were also significantly lower scores on the General Health Questionnaire subfactors of somatic symptoms and anxiety/insomnia in the experimental group than in the control group during the postintervention stage, though no differences were observed before the intervention. These differences no longer remained after three months. ANOVA revealed significant effects of the intervention over time in the experimental group. Effects were observed at both the postintervention and follow-up stages for self-esteem, perceived stress, satisfaction in studies, and in the somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia and severe depression aspects of the General Health Questionnaire (Cohen’s d = 0.38 to 4.58). In contrast, no effects were observed in the control group. Conclusion: This type of Internet-based program has the ability to reach a large number of students due to its rather short format and accessibility. It has already shown improvements in terms of the levels of perceived stress, psychological distress and satisfaction with studies. The option of online interventions could appeal specifically to students who do not seek professional help. However, even though these results are promising at the postintervention stage, they are limited, as indicated by the lack of significant differences between the two groups after the initial three months of follow-up. We still, specifically, need to improve this intervention program and, generally, need more research to address the methodological problems raised by this type of intervention. Trial registration: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN13709272
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Saleh
- EA4430 CLIPSYD, UFR SPSE, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Counseling Psychology, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
- * E-mail:
| | - Nathalie Camart
- EA4430 CLIPSYD, UFR SPSE, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Fouad Sbeira
- Counseling Psychology, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Lucia Romo
- EA4430 CLIPSYD, UFR SPSE, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- CMME, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Unité Inserm U864, CPN, Paris, France
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20
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Lim JA, Choi SH, Lee WJ, Jang JH, Moon JY, Kim YC, Kang DH. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with chronic pain: Implications of gender differences in empathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10867. [PMID: 29879022 PMCID: PMC5999451 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is defined as persistent or recurrent pain lasting longer than 3 months; the severity of pain can be rated in terms of intensity, pain-related distress, and functional impairment. Researches have shown an association between psychosocial factors, such as empathic ability, and the severity of pain. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most common psychologic intervention for individuals with chronic pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CBT on empathy in chronic pain patients, examining especially gender differences. In total, 89 patients with severe chronic pain (46 men and 43 women) underwent 8 sessions of CBT over the course of 4 weeks. Self-reported clinical symptoms were measured at the beginning and end of the CBT. Empathy was measured using the interpersonal reactivity index, and pain severity was assessed using the short-form McGill pain questionnaire. A comparison of male and female patients before CBT indicated that females showed higher levels of empathy in response to affective issues and reported greater affective pain than males. A mixed analysis of variance revealed that female patients showed higher levels of empathy than did male patients, both before and after CBT. We also found significant relationships between affective pain and empathy for others' personal distress in all patients. These results suggest that the effectiveness of CBT may be affected by chronic pain patients' level of empathy. Although the evident result was not shown in this study, the present findings imply that female patients may formulate excellent therapeutic alliance in CBT intervention that can lead to a clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-A Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Won Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Jee Youn Moon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
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Abstract
The majority of meditation involves focusing attention on internal events or sensations and becoming aware of emotions. The insula cortex, through a functional connection with the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions, plays a key role in integrating external sensory information with internal bodily state signals and emotional awareness. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the resting-state functional connectivity of the insula with other brain regions in meditation practitioners and control subjects. Thirty-five Brain Wave Vibration meditation practitioners and 33 controls without meditation experience were included in this study. All subjects underwent 4.68-min resting-state functional scanning runs using magnetic resonance imaging. The anterior and posterior insulae were chosen as seed regions for the functional connectivity map. Meditation practitioners showed significantly greater insula-related functional connectivity in the thalamus, caudate, middle frontal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus than did controls. Control subjects demonstrated greater functional connectivity with the posterior insula in the parahippocampal gyrus. Our findings suggest that the practice of Brain Wave Vibration meditation may be associated with functional differences in regions related to focused attention, executive control, and emotional awareness and regulation.
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