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Abdoli M, Khaledian S, Mavaei M, Hajmomeni P, Ghowsi M, Qalekhani F, Nemati H, Fattahi A, Sadrjavadi K. Centaurea behen leaf extract mediated green synthesized silver nanoparticles as antibacterial and removing agent of environmental pollutants with blood compatible and hemostatic effects. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13941. [PMID: 38886391 PMCID: PMC11183110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on evaluating the antibacterial properties, radical scavenging, and photocatalytic activities of Centaurea behen-mediated silver nanoparticles (Cb-AgNPs). The formation of Cb-AgNPs was approved by UV-Vis spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the obtained AgNPs have a maximum absorbance peak at 450 nm with spherical morphology and an average size of 13.03 ± 5.8 nm. The catalytic activity of the Cb-AgNPs was investigated using Safranin O (SO) solution as a cationic dye model. The Cb-AgNPs performed well in the removal of SO. The coupled physical adsorption/photocatalysis reaction calculated about 68% and 98% degradation of SO dye under solar irradiation. The Cb-AgNPs inhibited the growth of gram-negative or positive bacteria strains and had excellent DPPH radicals scavenging ability (100% in a concentration of 200 µg/ml) as well as a good effect on reducing coagulation time (at concentrations of 200 and 500 µg/mL reduced clotting time up to 3 min). Considering the fact that green synthesized Cb-AgNPs have antioxidant and antibacterial properties and have a good ability to reduce coagulation time, they can be used in wound dressings. As well as these NPs with good photocatalytic activity can be a suitable option for degrading organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadese Abdoli
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Salar Khaledian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryamosadat Mavaei
- Student's Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Pouria Hajmomeni
- Student's Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ghowsi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farshad Qalekhani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Houshang Nemati
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Fattahi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Komail Sadrjavadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Roth A, Krishnakumar A, McCain RR, Maruthamuthu MK, McIntosh M, Chen YX, Cox AD, Hopf Jannasch AS, Nguyen J, Seleem MN, Rahimi R. Biocompatibility and Safety Assessment of Combined Topical Ozone and Antibiotics for Treatment of Infected Wounds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37235768 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wound infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly the Gram-negative strains, pose a substantial health risk for patients with limited treatment options. Recently topical administration of gaseous ozone and its combination with antibiotics through portable systems has been demonstrated to be a promising approach to eradicate commonly found Gram-negative strains of bacteria in wound infections. However, despite the significant impact of ozone in treating the growing number of antibiotic-resistant infections, uncontrolled and high concentrations of ozone can cause damage to the surrounding tissue. Hence, before such treatments could advance into clinical usage, it is paramount to identify appropriate levels of topical ozone that are effective in treating bacterial infections and safe for use in topical administration. To address this concern, we have conducted a series of in vivo studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a portable and wearable adjunct ozone and antibiotic wound therapy system. The concurrent ozone and antibiotics are applied through a wound interfaced gas permeable dressing coated with water-soluble nanofibers containing vancomycin and linezolid (traditionally used to treat Gram-positive infections) and connected to a portable ozone delivery system. The bactericidal properties of the combination therapy were evaluated on an ex vivo wound model infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common Gram-negative strain of bacteria found in many skin infections with high resistance to a wide range of currently available antibiotics. The results indicated that the optimized combination delivery of ozone (4 mg h-1) and topical antibiotic (200 μg cm-2) provided complete bacteria eradication after 6 h of treatment while having minimum cytotoxicity to human fibroblast cells. Furthermore, in vivo local and systemic toxicity studies (e.g., skin monitoring, skin histopathology, and blood analysis) on pig models showed no signs of adverse effects of ozone and antibiotic combination therapy even after 5 days of continuous administration. The confirmed efficacy and biosafety profile of the adjunct ozone and antibiotic therapy places it as a strong candidate for treating wound infection with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and further pursuing human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Roth
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Physics and Engineering Department, Taylor University, Upland, Indiana 46989, United States
| | - Akshay Krishnakumar
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Robyn R McCain
- Center for Comparative Translational Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Murali Kanaan Maruthamuthu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - MacKenzie McIntosh
- Center for Comparative Translational Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yue Xiang Chen
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Abigail D Cox
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Amber S Hopf Jannasch
- Purdue Translational Pharmacology CTSI Core Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Corsaro C, Condorelli M, Speciale A, Cimino F, Forte G, Barreca F, Spadaro S, Muscarà C, D’Arrigo M, Toscano G, D’Urso L, Compagnini G, Neri F, Saija A, Fazio E. Nano-Hybrid Ag@LCCs Systems with Potential Wound-Healing Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2435. [PMID: 36984315 PMCID: PMC10052190 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of contaminant-free silver@linear carbon chains (Ag@LCCs) nanohybrid systems, at different Ag/LCCs ratios, by pulsed laser ablation was studied. The ablation products were first characterized by several diagnostic techniques: conventional UV-Vis optical absorption and micro-Raman spectroscopies, as well as scanning electron microscopy, operating in transmission mode. The experimental evidence was confirmed by the theoretical simulations' data. Furthermore, to gain a deeper insight into the factors influencing metal@LCCs biological responses in relation to their physical properties, in this work, we investigated the bioproperties of the Ag@LCCs nanosystems towards a wound-healing activity. We found that Ag@LCC nanohybrids maintain good antibacterial properties and possess a better capability, in comparison with Ag NPs, of interacting with mammalian cells, allowing us to hypothesize that mainly the Ag@LCCs 3:1 might be suitable for topical application in wound healing, independent of (or in addition to) the antibacterial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marcello Condorelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Barreca
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Spadaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Manuela D’Arrigo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Toscano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Luisa D’Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonina Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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Mukherjee K, Bhagat N, Kumari M, Choudhury AR, Sarkar B, Ghosh BD. Insight study on synthesis and antibacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticles prepared from indigenous plant source of Jharkhand. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:30. [PMID: 36897438 PMCID: PMC10006383 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ag-NPs by green synthesis has a notable interest because of their eco-friendliness, economic views, feasibility, and applications in a wide range. Herein, native plants of Jharkhand (Polygonum plebeium, Litsea glutinosa, and Vangueria spinosus) were selected for the current work of Ag-NP synthesis and further antibacterial activity. Green synthesis was performed for Ag-NPs using Silver nitrate solution as precursor and the dried leaf extract performs as a reductant and stabilizer here. RESULT Visually Ag-NP formation was observed along with a colour change and confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometry on which an absorbance peak occurs at around 400-450nm. Further characterization was done on DLS, FTIR, FESEM, and XRD. Size around 45-86 nm of synthesized Ag-NPs was predicted through DLS. The synthesized Ag-NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive bacteria) and Salmonella typhi (Gram-negative bacteria). The finest antibacterial activity was disclosed by the Ag-NPs synthesized by Polygonum plebeium extract. The diameter of the zone of inhibition in the bacterial plate measured was 0-1.8 mm in Bacillus and 0-2.2 mm in Salmonella typhi. Protein-Protein interaction study was performed to study the effect of Ag-NPs towards different antioxidant enzyme system of bacterial cell. CONCLUSION Present work suggest the Ag-NPs synthesized from P. plebeium were more stable for long term and might have prolonged antibacterial activity. In the future, these Ag-NPs can be applied in various fields like antimicrobial research, wound healing, drug delivery, bio-sensing, tumour/cancer cell treatment, and detector (detect solar energy). Schematic representation of Ag-NPs green synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity and at the end, in silico study to analyse the mechanism of antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koel Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, Ranchi, India.
| | - Namrata Bhagat
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, Ranchi, India
| | - Madhubala Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, Ranchi, India
| | - Arnab Roy Choudhury
- Downstream Agro-Processing Division, ICAR-National Institute of Secondary Agriculture, Namkum, Jharkhand, 834010, Ranchi, India
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Garhkhatanga, Jharkhand, 834010, Ranchi, India.
| | - Barnali Dasgupta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
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Si Y, Liu H, Li M, Jiang X, Yu H, Sun D. An efficient metal-organic framework-based drug delivery platform for synergistic antibacterial activity and osteogenesis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:521-539. [PMID: 36878070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone implants for clinical application should be endowed with antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and even osteogenesis-promoting properties. In this work, metal-organic framework (MOF) based drug delivery platform was used to modify titanium implants for improved clinical applicability. Methyl Vanillate@Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (MV@ZIF-8) was immobilized on the polydopamine (PDA) modified titanium. The sustainable release of the Zn2+ and MV causes substantial oxidative damage to Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly up-regulates the expression of oxidative stress and DNA damage response genes. Meanwhile, the structural disruption of lipid membranes caused by the ROS, the damage caused by Zinc active sites and the damage accelerated by the MV are both involved in inhibiting bacterial proliferation. The up-regulated expression of the osteogenic-related genes and proteins indicated that the MV@ZIF-8 could effectively promote the osteogenic differentiation of the human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). RNA sequencing and Western blotting analysis revealed that the MV@ZIF-8 coating activates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through the regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway, thereby promoting the osteogenic differentiation of the hBMSCs. This work demonstrates a promising application of the MOF-based drug delivery platform in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Si
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China
| | - Huanyao Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Mengsha Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xuzhou Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Nanotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Hongying Yu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Dongbai Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Aman S, Kaur N, Mittal D, Sharma D, Shukla K, Singh B, Sharma A, Siwal SS, Thakur VK, Joshi H, Gupta R, Saini RV, Saini AK. Novel Biocompatible Green Silver Nanoparticles Efficiently Eliminates Multidrug Resistant Nosocomial Pathogens and Mycobacterium Species. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:73-83. [PMID: 37188239 PMCID: PMC10172440 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection is a major crisis of 21st era and the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens cause significant health problems. We developed, green chemistry-based silver nanoparticles (G-Ag NPs) using Citrus pseudolimon fruit peel extract. G-Ag NPs has a spherical shape in the range of ~ 40 nm with a surface charge of - 31 Mv. This nano-bioagent is an eco-friendly tool to combat menace of MDR. Biochemical tests prove that G-Ag NPs are compatible with human red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. There have been many reports on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, but this study suggests a green technique for making non-cytotoxic, non-hemolytic organometallic silver nanoparticles with a high therapeutic index for possible use in the medical field. On the same line, G-Ag NPs are very effective against Mycobacterium sp. and MDR strains including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patient samples. Based on it, we filed a patent to Indian Patent Office (reference no. 202111048797) which can revolutionize the prevention of biomedical device borne infections in hospital pre/post-operated cases. This work could be further explored in future by in vivo experimentation with mice model to direct its possible clinical utility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01061-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Aman
- Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 India
| | - Narinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 India
| | - Divya Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 India
| | - Deepanjali Sharma
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | - Komal Shukla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Bharat Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 India
| | - Anchita Sharma
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517641 India
| | - Samarjeet Singh Siwal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Uttarakhand 248007 Dehradun, India
| | - Hemant Joshi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Raju Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
- Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Reena V. Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 India
| | - Adesh K. Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 India
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Madhuca longifolia leaves-mediated palladium nanoparticles synthesis via a sustainable approach to evaluate its biomedical application. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Skłodowski K, Chmielewska-Deptuła SJ, Piktel E, Wolak P, Wollny T, Bucki R. Metallic Nanosystems in the Development of Antimicrobial Strategies with High Antimicrobial Activity and High Biocompatibility. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2104. [PMID: 36768426 PMCID: PMC9917064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major and growing global problem and new approaches to combat infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacterial strains are needed. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to nanomedicine, which has great potential in the development of controlled systems for delivering drugs to specific sites and targeting specific cells, such as pathogenic microbes. There is continued interest in metallic nanoparticles and nanosystems based on metallic nanoparticles containing antimicrobial agents attached to their surface (core shell nanosystems), which offer unique properties, such as the ability to overcome microbial resistance, enhancing antimicrobial activity against both planktonic and biofilm embedded microorganisms, reducing cell toxicity and the possibility of reducing the dosage of antimicrobials. The current review presents the synergistic interactions within metallic nanoparticles by functionalizing their surface with appropriate agents, defining the core structure of metallic nanoparticles and their use in combination therapy to fight infections. Various approaches to modulate the biocompatibility of metallic nanoparticles to control their toxicity in future medical applications are also discussed, as well as their ability to induce resistance and their effects on the host microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Skłodowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Ewelina Piktel
- Independent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wolak
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielce 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wollny
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielce 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
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Silver Nanoparticles Produced by Laser Ablation and Re-Irradiation Are Effective Preventing Peri-Implantitis Multispecies Biofilm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912027. [PMID: 36233328 PMCID: PMC9570054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated infection due to biofilm formation is a growing problem. Given that silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have shown antibacterial effects, our goal is to study their effect against multispecies biofilm involved in the development of peri-implantitis. To this purpose, Ag-NPs were synthesized by laser ablation in de-ionized water using two different lasers, leading to the production of colloidal suspensions. Subsequently, part of each suspension was subjected to irradiation one and three times with the same laser source with which it was obtained. Ag-NPs were immobilized on the surface of titanium discs and the resultant materials were compared with unmodified titanium coupons. Nanoparticles were physico-chemically analysed to determine their shape, crystallinity, chemical composition, and mean diameter. The materials were incubated for 90 min or 48 h, to evaluate bacterial adhesion or biofilm formation respectively with Staphylococcus aureus or oral mixed bacterial flora composed of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veionella dispar, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Ag-NPs help prevent the formation of biofilms both by S. aureus and by mixed oral bacterial flora. Nanoparticles re-irradiated three times showed the biggest antimicrobial effects. Modifying dental implants in this way could prevent the development of peri-implantitis.
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Hasan S, Karal MAS, Akter S, Ahmed M, Ahamed MK, Ahammed S. Influence of sugar concentration on the vesicle compactness, deformation and membrane poration induced by anionic nanoparticles. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275478. [PMID: 36174090 PMCID: PMC9521927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar plays a vital role in the structural and functional characteristics of cells. Hence, the interaction of NPs with cell membranes in the presence of sugar concentrations is important for medicinal and pharmacological innovations. This study integrated three tools: giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), anionic magnetite nanoparticles (NPs), and sugar concentrations, to understand a simplified mechanism for interactions between the vesicle membranes and NPs under various sugar concentrations. We focused on changing the sugar concentration in aqueous solution; more precisely, sucrose inside the GUVs and glucose outside with equal osmolarity. 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DOPG) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) were used to prepare the charged membranes of 40mole%DOPG/60mole%DOPC-GUVs, whereas only DOPC was used to prepare the neutral membranes. Phase contrast fluorescence microscopy shows that the adherence of 18 nm magnetite NPs with anionic charge depends on the sugar concentration. The alterations of GUVs induced by the NPs are characterized in terms of i) vesicle compactness, ii) deformation, and iii) membrane poration. The presence of sugar provides additional structural stability to the GUVs and reduces the effects of the NPs with respect to these parameters; more precisely, the higher the sugar concentration, the smaller the alteration induced by the NPs. The differences in NPs effects are explained by the change in the type of interaction between sugar molecules and lipid membranes, namely enthalpy and entropy-driven interaction, respectively. In addition, such alterations are influenced by the surface charge density of the lipid bilayer. The surface pressure of membranes due to the adsorption of NPs is responsible for inducing the poration in membranes. The differences in deformation and poration in charged and neutral GUVs under various sugar concentrations are discussed based on the structure of the head of lipid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Hasan
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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11
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Géczi Z, Róth I, Kőhidai Z, Kőhidai L, Mukaddam K, Hermann P, Végh D, Zelles T. The use of Trojan-horse drug delivery system in managing periodontitis. Int Dent J 2022; 73:346-353. [PMID: 36175203 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to evaluate the possibility of delivering a silver-acid complex via a Trojan-horse mechanism for managing periodontits. We theroised that the complex could be an effective treatment option for bacterial inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar search engines. We also reviewed several reference lists of the included studies or relevant reviews identified by the search. By using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terminology, a comprehensive search was performed for the following keywords: silver, folic acid, periodontitis, macrophages, Trojan-horse mechanism, toxicity, and targeting. Using the keywords mentioned earlier, we selected 110 articles and after appropriate elimination the review was written based on 37 papers. Accordingly the we noted that silver isons were an effective approach to kill oral pathogens. Secondly the Trojan-horse mechanism. could be used by macrophages (as the Trojan horse) to deliver silver ions in large quantities to the inflammatory focus to kill the periodontopathogens. The Trojan-horse mechanism has never been described in the field of dentistry before. The proposed novel approach using the principle of Trojan Horse delivery of drugs/chemicals could be used to manage oral inflammatory conditions. This method can be used to supplement regular treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Géczi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University,Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ivett Róth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University,Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Kőhidai
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Khaled Mukaddam
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Péter Hermann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University,Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Végh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University,Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tivadar Zelles
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Wearable adjunct ozone and antibiotic therapy system for treatment of Gram-negative dermal bacterial infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13927. [PMID: 35977975 PMCID: PMC9385669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The problematic combination of a rising prevalence of skin and soft tissue infections and the growing rate of life-threatening antibiotic resistant infections presents an urgent, unmet need for the healthcare industry. These evolutionary resistances originate from mutations in the bacterial cell walls which prevent effective diffusion of antibiotics. Gram-negative bacteria are of special consideration due to the natural resistance to many common antibiotics due to the unique bilayer structure of the cell wall. The system developed here provides one solution to this problem through a wearable therapy that delivers and utilizes gaseous ozone as an adjunct therapy with topical antibiotics through a novel dressing with drug-eluting nanofibers (NFs). This technology drastically increases the sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria to common antibiotics by using oxidative ozone to bypass resistances created by the bacterial cell wall. To enable simple and effective application of adjunct therapy, ozone delivery and topical antibiotics have been integrated into a single application patch. The drug delivery NFs are generated via electrospinning in a fast-dissolve PVA mat without inducing decreasing gas permeability of the dressing. A systematic study found ozone generation at 4 mg/h provided optimal ozone levels for high antimicrobial performance with minimal cytotoxicity. This ozone treatment was used with adjunct therapy delivered by the system in vitro. Results showed complete eradication of Gram-negative bacteria with ozone and antibiotics typically used only for Gram-positive bacteria, which showed the strength of ozone as an enabling adjunct treatment option to sensitize bacteria strains to otherwise ineffective antibiotics. Furthermore, the treatment is shown through biocompatibility testing to exhibit no cytotoxic effect on human fibroblast cells.
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13
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Kishore K, Selvasudha N, Subi M TM, Vasanthi HR. The multifaceted role of pectin in keratin based nanocomposite with antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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14
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Khalil MA, El-Shanshoury AERR, Alghamdi MA, Sun J, Ali SS. Streptomyces catenulae as a Novel Marine Actinobacterium Mediated Silver Nanoparticles: Characterization, Biological Activities, and Proposed Mechanism of Antibacterial Action. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:833154. [PMID: 35572675 PMCID: PMC9095859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.833154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Bio-SNPs) were synthesized from the marine actinobacterium strain Streptomyces catenulae M2 and characterized using a variety of techniques, including UV–vis spectrum, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and zeta potential. The antibacterial activity of Bio-SNPs alone and in combination with antibiotic was evaluated using a microtiter-dilution resazurin assay against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Bio-SNPs’ minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against bacterial strains was determined. To assess the synergistic effect of Bio-SNPs in combination with antibiotics, the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) was calculated. While the safety of Bio-SNPs in biomedical applications is dependent on their use, the in vitro cytotoxicity of Bio-SNPs on normal human epithelial colon cells (NCM460) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (CaCo2) were evaluated using the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and cell lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. The presence of Bio-SNPs was revealed by UV–vis spectroscopy, which revealed a peak in the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) spectrum at 439.5 nm. Bio-SNPs were spherical in shape and small in size (average 33 nm by TEM, 58.8 nm by DLS), with good stability (−30 mV) and the presence of capping agents. Bio-SNPs had MIC values ranging from 2 to 64 μg/ml against the bacteria tested. The MIC for P. aeruginosa was the lowest (2 μg/ml). Antibiotics have been shown to have a significant synergistic effect when combined with Bio-SNPs against tested bacteria. Bio-SNPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against NCM460 and CaCo2 cancer cells, with the latter exhibiting far greater toxicity than the former. NCM460 and CaCo2 cell viability decreased from 99.3 to 95.7% and 92.3 to 61.8%, respectively, whereas LDH leakage increased from 200 to 215 nmol/ml and 261 to 730 nmol/ml, respectively. The half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for NCM460 and CaCo2 cancer cells were 79.46 and 10.41 μg/ml and 89.4 and 19.3 μg/ml, respectively. Bio-SNPs were found to be biocompatible and to have anti-inflammatory activity. Bio-SNPs are highly appealing for future nanomedicine applications due to their antibacterial and biocompatible properties and their inherent “green” and simple manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Khalil
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Maha A Alghamdi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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15
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Arokiyaraj C, Parthiban E, Ramanibai R, Janarthanan S. Facile green approach for solar energy assisted biogenic nanoparticles synthesis mediated by seed kernel aqueous extract of Trichosanthes tricupsidata and its potential biomedical applications. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2069121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Krishnamoorthy R, Athinarayanan J, Periyasamy VS, Alshuniaber MA, Alshammari G, Hakeem MJ, Ahmed MA, Alshatwi AA. Antibacterial Mechanisms of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle against Bacterial Food Pathogens Resistant to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics. Molecules 2022; 27:2489. [PMID: 35458685 PMCID: PMC9032754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in β-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a severe recurrent problem in the food industry for both producers and consumers. The development of nanotechnology and nanomaterial applications has transformed many features in food science. The antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and their mechanism of action on β-lactam-resistant Gram-negative food pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are investigated in the present paper. The study results demonstrate that ZnO NPs possesses broad-spectrum action against these β-lactamase-producing strains. The minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations vary from 0.04 to 0.08 and 0.12 to 0.24 mg/mL, respectively. The ZnO NPs elevate the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde in the bacterial cells as membrane lipid peroxidation. It has been confirmed from the transmission electron microscopy image of the treated bacterial cells that ZnO NPs diminish the permeable membrane, denature the intracellular proteins, cause DNA damage, and cause membrane leakage. Based on these findings, the action of ZnO NPs has been attributed to the fact that broad-spectrum antibacterial action against β-lactam-resistant Gram-negative food pathogens is mediated by Zn2+ ion-induced oxidative stress, actions via lipid peroxidation and membrane damage, subsequently resulting in depletion, leading to β-lactamase enzyme inhibition, intracellular protein inactivation, DNA damage, and eventually cell death. Based on the findings of the present study, ZnO NPs can be recommended as potent broad-spectrum antibacterial agents against β-lactam-resistant Gram-negative pathogenic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia or (J.A.); or (V.S.P.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Jegan Athinarayanan
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia or (J.A.); or (V.S.P.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periyasamy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia or (J.A.); or (V.S.P.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad A. Alshuniaber
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia or (J.A.); or (V.S.P.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ghedeir Alshammari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (M.J.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed Jamal Hakeem
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (M.J.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed Asif Ahmed
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (M.J.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ali A. Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia or (J.A.); or (V.S.P.); (M.A.A.)
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17
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Eckhard U, Delgado LM, de Roo Puente YJ, Hoyos-Nogués M, Gil FJ, Perez RA. Antibacterial approaches in tissue engineering using metal ions and nanoparticles: From mechanisms to applications. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4470-4490. [PMID: 34027235 PMCID: PMC8131399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection of implanted scaffolds may have fatal consequences and, in combination with the emergence of multidrug bacterial resistance, the development of advanced antibacterial biomaterials and constructs is of great interest. Since decades ago, metals and their ions had been used to minimize bacterial infection risk and, more recently, metal-based nanomaterials, with improved antimicrobial properties, have been advocated as a novel and tunable alternative. A comprehensive review is provided on how metal ions and ion nanoparticles have the potential to decrease or eliminate unwanted bacteria. Antibacterial mechanisms such as oxidative stress induction, ion release and disruption of biomolecules are currently well accepted. However, the exact antimicrobial mechanisms of the discussed metal compounds remain poorly understood. The combination of different metal ions and surface decorations of nanoparticles will lead to synergistic effects and improved microbial killing, and allow to mitigate potential side effects to the host. Starting with a general overview of antibacterial mechanisms, we subsequently focus on specific metal ions such as silver, zinc, copper, iron and gold, and outline their distinct modes of action. Finally, we discuss the use of these metal ions and nanoparticles in tissue engineering to prevent implant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis M. Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda J.D. de Roo Puente
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Hoyos-Nogués
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman A. Perez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Potentially Bioactive Fungus Mediated Silver Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123227. [PMID: 34947576 PMCID: PMC8706101 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fungal metabolites, proteins, and enzymes have been rich sources of therapeutics so far. Therefore, in this study, the hypha extract of a newly identified noble fungus (Alternaria sp. with NCBI Accession number: MT982648) was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (F-AgNPs) to utilize against bacteria, fungi, and lung cancer. F-AgNPs were characterized by using physical techniques, including UV–visible spectroscopy, zeta potential, DLS, XRD, TEM, and HR-TEM. The particles were found to be polydispersed and quasi-spherical in shape under TEM. They had an average size of ~15 nm. The well dispersed particles were found to have consistent crystallinity with cubic phase geometry under XRD and HR-TEM. The presence of different functional groups on the surfaces of biosynthesized F-AgNPs was confirmed by FTIR. The particle distribution index was found to be 0.447 with a hydrodynamic diameter of ~47 d.nm, and the high value of zeta potential (−20.3 mV) revealed the stability of the nanoemulsion. These particles were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus (multidrug resistance-MDR), Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella abony, and Escherichia coli (MDR) with MIC50 10.3, 12.5, 22.69, and 16.25 µg/mL, respectively. Particles also showed inhibition against fungal strains, including A. flavus, A. niger, T. viridens, and F. oxysporium. Their inhibition of biofilm formation by the same panel of bacteria was also found to be very promising and ranged from 16.66 to 64.81%. F-AgNPs also showed anticancer potential (IC50—21.6 µg/mL) with respect to methotrexate (IC50—17.7 µg/mL) against lung cancer cell line A549, and they did not result in any significant inhibition of the normal cell line BEAS-2. The particles were found to alter the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby disturbing ATP synthesis and leading to high ROS formation, which are responsible for cell membrane damage and release of LDH, intracellular proteins, lipids, and DNA. A high level of ROS also elicits pro-inflammatory signaling cascades that lead to programmed cell death by either apoptosis or necrosis.
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19
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Metryka O, Wasilkowski D, Mrozik A. Insight into the Antibacterial Activity of Selected Metal Nanoparticles and Alterations within the Antioxidant Defence System in Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11811. [PMID: 34769242 PMCID: PMC8583997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles (NPs) is a desirable feature of various products but can become problematic when NPs are released into different ecosystems, potentially endangering living microorganisms. Although there is an abundance of advanced studies on the toxicity and biological activity of NPs on microorganisms, the information regarding their detailed interactions with microbial cells and the induction of oxidative stress remains incomplete. Therefore, this work aimed to develop accurate oxidation stress profiles of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains treated with commercial Ag-NPs, Cu-NPs, ZnO-NPs and TiO2-NPs. The methodology used included the following determinations: toxicological parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes and dehydrogenases, reduced glutathione, oxidatively modified proteins and lipid peroxidation. The toxicological studies revealed that E. coli was most sensitive to NPs than B. cereus and S. epidermidis. Moreover, NPs induced the generation of specific ROS in bacterial cells, causing an increase in their concentration, which further resulted in alterations in the activity of the antioxidant defence system and protein oxidation. Significant changes in dehydrogenases activity and elevated lipid peroxidation indicated a negative effect of NPs on bacterial outer layers and respiratory activity. In general, NPs were characterised by very specific nano-bio effects, depending on their physicochemical properties and the species of microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Metryka
- Doctoral School, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Daniel Wasilkowski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Mrozik
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
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20
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Hamida RS, Ali MA, Goda DA, Redhwan A. Anticandidal Potential of Two Cyanobacteria-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: Effects on Growth, Cell Morphology, and Key Virulence Attributes of Candida albicans. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1688. [PMID: 34683981 PMCID: PMC8539685 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen responsible for 90-100% of mucosal and nosocomial infections worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistant strains has resulted in adverse consequences for human health, including numerous deaths. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify and develop new antimicrobial drugs to counter these effects. Antimicrobial nanoagents have shown potent inhibitory activity against a number of pathogens through targeting their defense systems, such as biofilm formation. Here, we investigated the anticandidal activity of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by the cyanobacterial strains Desertifilum sp. IPPAS B-1220 and Nostoc Bahar_M (D-SNPs and N-SNPs, respectively), along with that of silver nitrate (AgNO3), and examined the mechanisms underlying their lethal effects. For this, we performed agar well diffusion and enzyme activity assays (lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) and undertook morphological examinations using transmission electron microscopy. The effects of the three treatments on Hwp1 and CDR1 gene expression and protein patterns were assessed using qRT-PCR and SDS-PAGE assays, respectively. All of the three treatments inhibited C. albicans growth; disrupted membrane integrity, metabolic function, and antioxidant activity; induced ultrastructural changes in the cell envelope; and disrupted cytoplasmic and nuclear contents. Of the three agents, D-SNPs showed the greatest biocidal activity against C. albicans. Additionally, the D-SNP treatment significantly reduced the gene expression of Hwp1 and CDR1, suggestive of negative effects on biofilm formation ability and resistance potential of C. albicans, and promoted protein degradation. The mechanism involved in the biocidal effects of both D-SNPs and N-SNPs against C. albicans could be attributed to their ability to interfere with fungal cell structures and/or stimulate oxidative stress, enabling them to be used as a robust antimycotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Samir Hamida
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Abdelaal Ali
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Doaa A. Goda
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Alya Redhwan
- Department of Health, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Wypij M, Jędrzejewski T, Trzcińska-Wencel J, Ostrowski M, Rai M, Golińska P. Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities, Biocompatibility, and Analyses of Surface-Attached Proteins. Front Microbiol 2021. [PMID: 33967977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.6325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of multi-drug-resistant bacteria and cancer cases, that are a real threat to humankind, forces research world to develop new weapons to deal with it. Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered as a solution to this problem. Biosynthesis of AgNPs is regarded as a green, eco-friendly, low-priced process that provides small and biocompatible nanostructures with antimicrobial and anticancer activities and potential application in medicine. The biocompatibility of these nanoparticles is related to the coating with biomolecules of natural origin. The synthesis of AgNPs from actinobacterial strain was confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy while their morphology, crystalline structure, stability, and coating were characterized using, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial activity of biogenic AgNPs was evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory and minimum biocidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The potential mechanism of antibacterial action of AgNPs was determined by measurement of ATP level. Since the use of AgNPs in biomedical applications depend on their safety, the in vitro cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, cell lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were assessed. The nanoparticle protein capping agent that can be involved in reduction of silver ions to AgNPs and their stabilization was identified using LC-MS/MS. Nanoparticles were spherical in shape, small in size (mean 13.2 nm), showed crystalline nature, good stability (-18.7 mV) and presence of capping agents. They exhibited antibacterial activity (MIC of 8-128 μg ml-1, MBC of 64-256 μg ml-1) and significantly decreased ATP levels in bacterial cells after treatment with different concentrations of AgNPs. The in vitro analysis showed that the AgNPs demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages and MCF-7 breast cancer cells but higher against the latter than the former. Cell viability decrease was found to be 42.2-14.2 and 38.0-15.5% while LDH leakage 14.6-42.7% and 19.0-45.0%, respectively. IC50 values calculated for MTT assay was found to be 16.3 and 12.0 μg ml-1 and for LDH assay 102.3 and 76.2 μg ml-1, respectively. Moreover, MCF-7 cells released a greater amount of ROS than RAW 264.7 macrophages during stimulation with all tested concentrations of AgNPs (1.47-3.13 and 1.02-2.58 fold increase, respectively). The SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) analysis revealed the presence of five protein bands at a molecular weight between 31.7 and 280.9 kDa. These proteins showed the highest homology to hypothetical proteins and porins from E. coli, Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas rhodesiae. Based on obtained results it can be concluded that biogenic AgNPs were capped with proteins and demonstrated potential as antimicrobial and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wypij
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | | | - Maciej Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, India
| | - Patrycja Golińska
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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22
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Wypij M, Jędrzejewski T, Trzcińska-Wencel J, Ostrowski M, Rai M, Golińska P. Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities, Biocompatibility, and Analyses of Surface-Attached Proteins. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632505. [PMID: 33967977 PMCID: PMC8100210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of multi-drug-resistant bacteria and cancer cases, that are a real threat to humankind, forces research world to develop new weapons to deal with it. Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered as a solution to this problem. Biosynthesis of AgNPs is regarded as a green, eco-friendly, low-priced process that provides small and biocompatible nanostructures with antimicrobial and anticancer activities and potential application in medicine. The biocompatibility of these nanoparticles is related to the coating with biomolecules of natural origin. The synthesis of AgNPs from actinobacterial strain was confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy while their morphology, crystalline structure, stability, and coating were characterized using, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial activity of biogenic AgNPs was evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory and minimum biocidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The potential mechanism of antibacterial action of AgNPs was determined by measurement of ATP level. Since the use of AgNPs in biomedical applications depend on their safety, the in vitro cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, cell lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were assessed. The nanoparticle protein capping agent that can be involved in reduction of silver ions to AgNPs and their stabilization was identified using LC-MS/MS. Nanoparticles were spherical in shape, small in size (mean 13.2 nm), showed crystalline nature, good stability (-18.7 mV) and presence of capping agents. They exhibited antibacterial activity (MIC of 8-128 μg ml-1, MBC of 64-256 μg ml-1) and significantly decreased ATP levels in bacterial cells after treatment with different concentrations of AgNPs. The in vitro analysis showed that the AgNPs demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages and MCF-7 breast cancer cells but higher against the latter than the former. Cell viability decrease was found to be 42.2-14.2 and 38.0-15.5% while LDH leakage 14.6-42.7% and 19.0-45.0%, respectively. IC50 values calculated for MTT assay was found to be 16.3 and 12.0 μg ml-1 and for LDH assay 102.3 and 76.2 μg ml-1, respectively. Moreover, MCF-7 cells released a greater amount of ROS than RAW 264.7 macrophages during stimulation with all tested concentrations of AgNPs (1.47-3.13 and 1.02-2.58 fold increase, respectively). The SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) analysis revealed the presence of five protein bands at a molecular weight between 31.7 and 280.9 kDa. These proteins showed the highest homology to hypothetical proteins and porins from E. coli, Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas rhodesiae. Based on obtained results it can be concluded that biogenic AgNPs were capped with proteins and demonstrated potential as antimicrobial and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wypij
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | | | - Maciej Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, India
| | - Patrycja Golińska
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Habibullah G, Viktorova J, Ruml T. Current Strategies for Noble Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:47. [PMID: 33721118 PMCID: PMC7960878 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Noble metals have played an integral part in human history for centuries; however, their integration with recent advances in nanotechnology and material sciences have provided new research opportunities in both academia and industry, which has resulted in a new array of advanced applications, including medical ones. Noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) have been of great importance in the field of biomedicine over the past few decades due to their importance in personalized healthcare and diagnostics. In particular, platinum, gold and silver nanoparticles have achieved the most dominant spot in the list, thanks to a very diverse range of industrial applications, including biomedical ones such as antimicrobial and antiviral agents, diagnostics, drug carriers and imaging probes. In particular, their superior resistance to extreme conditions of corrosion and oxidation is highly appreciated. Notably, in the past two decades there has been a tremendous advancement in the development of new strategies of more cost-effective and robust NMNP synthesis methods that provide materials with highly tunable physicochemical, optical and thermal properties, and biochemical functionalities. As a result, new advanced hybrid NMNPs with polymer, graphene, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots and core-shell systems have been developed with even more enhanced physicochemical characteristics that has led to exceptional diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this review, we aim to summarize current advances in the synthesis of NMNPs (Au, Ag and Pt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyaullah Habibullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Viktorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
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Mohamed HI, Abd-Elsalam KA, Tmam AM, Sofy MR. Silver-based nanomaterials for plant diseases management: Today and future perspectives. SILVER NANOMATERIALS FOR AGRI-FOOD APPLICATIONS 2021:495-526. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823528-7.00031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Hamida RS, Ali MA, Goda DA, Al-Zaban MI. Lethal Mechanisms of Nostoc-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Against Different Pathogenic Bacteria. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10499-10517. [PMID: 33402822 PMCID: PMC7778443 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s289243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing antibiotic resistance and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens have led to the need to develop new therapeutic agents to tackle microbial infections. Nano-antibiotics are a novel generation of nanomaterials with significant antimicrobial activities that target bacterial defense systems including biofilm formation, membrane permeability, and virulence activity. PURPOSE In addition to AgNO3, the current study aimed to explore for first time the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Nostoc sp. Bahar_M (N-SNPs) and their killing mechanisms against Streptococcus mutans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. METHODS Potential mechanisms of action of both silver species against bacteria were systematically explored using agar well diffusion, enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ATPase) and antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase and catalase) assays, and morphological examinations. qRT-PCR and SDS-PAGE were employed to investigate the effect of both treatments on mfD, flu, and hly gene expression and protein patterns, respectively. RESULTS N-SNPs exhibited greater biocidal activity than AgNO3 against the four tested bacteria. E. coli treated with N-SNPs showed significant surges in LDH levels, imbalances in other antioxidant and enzyme activities, and marked morphological changes, including cell membrane disruption and cytoplasmic dissolution. N-SNPs caused more significant upregulation of mfD expression and downregulation of both flu and hly expression and increased protein denaturation compared with AgNO3. CONCLUSION N-SNPs exhibited significant inhibitory potential against E. coli by direct interfering with bacterial cellular structures and/or enhancing oxidative stress, indicating their potential for use as an alternative antimicrobial agent. However, the potential of N-SNPs to be usable and biocompatible antibacterial drug will evaluate by their toxicity against normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Samir Hamida
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelaal Ali
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa A Goda
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mayasar Ibrahim Al-Zaban
- Department of Biology, College of Science Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Bezza FA, Tichapondwa SM, Chirwa EMN. Synthesis of biosurfactant stabilized silver nanoparticles, characterization and their potential application for bactericidal purposes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122319. [PMID: 32120206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Uniformly dispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with remarkable colloidal stability were synthesised using chemical reduction method in lipopeptide biosurfactant reverse micelles. Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy analysis exhibited monodisperse nanoparticles with spherical morphology of diameter of 21 ± 2. The lipopeptide stabilized AgNPs displayed remarkable antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 15.625 μg/mL against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa CB1 and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis CN2 strains with a significant dose-dependent reduction of cell viability and loss of membrane integrity. Investigation of AgNPs internalization and dissolution assays demonstrated 42-fold higher leaching of the lipopeptide-stabilized AgNPs compared to the bare AgNPs, and concentration dependent increase in cellular uptake with subsequent damage to intracellular organelles. Further ultrastructural observation using TEM revealed internalization and strong binding of considerable amount of AgNPs on the lipopolysaccharide layer of the Gram-negative and peptidoglycans layer of Gram-positive bacteria indiscriminately, demonstrating robust antibacterial activity and potential application to treat multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisseha A Bezza
- Water Utilization and Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Shepherd M Tichapondwa
- Water Utilization and Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Evans M N Chirwa
- Water Utilization and Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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Azam Z, Ayaz A, Younas M, Qureshi Z, Arshad B, Zaman W, Ullah F, Nasar MQ, Bahadur S, Irfan MM, Hussain S, Saqib S. Microbial synthesized cadmium oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and protein leakage in bacterial cells. Microb Pathog 2020; 144:104188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chaudhary RG, Bhusari GS, Tiple AD, Rai AR, Somkuvar SR, Potbhare AK, Lambat TL, Ingle PP, Abdala AA. Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Toxicity, Applications, and Future Prospects. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4013-4029. [PMID: 31713480 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191111091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and crop disease due to pest has triggered severe health concerns in recent years. Consequently, there is a need of powerful and protective materials for the eradication of diseases. Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (M/MO NPs) are powerful agents due to their therapeutic effects in microbial infections. In this context, the present review article discusses the toxicity, fate, effects and applications of M/MO NPs. This review starts with an introduction, followed by toxicity aspects, antibacterial and testing methods and mechanism. In addition, discussion on the impact of different M/MO NPs and their characteristics such as size, shape, particle dissolution on their induced toxicity on food and plants, as well as applications in pesticides. Finally, prospective on current and future issues are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratiram G Chaudhary
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Kamptee, (Maharashtra)- 441001, India
| | - Ganesh S Bhusari
- Research and Development Division, Apple Chemie India Private Limited, Nagpur-441108, (Maharashtra), India
| | - Ashish D Tiple
- Department of Zoology, Vidyabharti College, Seloo, Wardha (Maharashtra), India
| | - Alok R Rai
- Post Graduate Department of Microbiology, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Kamptee, (Maharashtra)-441001, India
| | - Subhash R Somkuvar
- Department of Botany, Dr. Ambedkar College, Nagpur, (Maharashtra)-440 010, India
| | - Ajay K Potbhare
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Kamptee, (Maharashtra)- 441001, India
| | - Trimurti L Lambat
- Department of Chemistry, Manoharbhai Patel College of Arts, Commerce & Science, Deori, Gondia 441901, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant P Ingle
- Saibaba Arts and Science College, Parseoni, (Maharashtra)-441105, India
| | - Ahmed A Abdala
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, POB 23784, Doha, Qatar
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Krce L, Šprung M, Rončević T, Maravić A, Čikeš Čulić V, Blažeka D, Krstulović N, Aviani I. Probing the Mode of Antibacterial Action of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Ablation in Water: What Fluorescence and AFM Data Tell Us. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1040. [PMID: 32485869 PMCID: PMC7352602 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We aim to elucidate the mode of antibacterial action of the laser-synthesized silver colloid against Escherichia coli. Membrane integrity was studied by flow cytometry, while the strain viability of the treated culture was determined by plating. The spectrofluorometry was used to obtain the time development of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the nanoparticle-treated bacterial cells. An integrated atomic force and bright-field/fluorescence microscopy system enabled the study of the cell morphology, Young modulus, viability, and integrity before and during the treatment. Upon lethal treatment, not all bacterial cells were shown to be permeabilized and have mostly kept their morphology with an indication of cell lysis. Young modulus of untreated cells was shown to be distinctly bimodal, with randomly distributed softer parts, while treated cells exhibited exponential softening of the stiffer parts in time. Silver nanoparticles and bacteria have shown a masking effect on the raw fluorescence signal through absorbance and scattering. The contribution of cellular ROS in the total fluorescence signal was resolved and it was proven that the ROS level inside the lethally treated cells is not significant. It was found that the laser-synthesized silver nanoparticles mode of antibacterial action includes reduction of the cell's Young modulus in time and subsequently the cell leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Krce
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Matilda Šprung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Tomislav Rončević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Vedrana Čikeš Čulić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska ulica 2, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Damjan Blažeka
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Nikša Krstulović
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Ivica Aviani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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Roth A, Elkashif A, Selvamani V, Stucky RA, Seleem MN, Ziaie B, Rahimi R. Wearable and Flexible Ozone Generating System for Treatment of Infected Dermal Wounds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:458. [PMID: 32509746 PMCID: PMC7249782 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound-associated infections are a significant and rising health concern throughout the world owing to aging population, prevalence of diabetes, and obesity. In addition, the rapid increase of life-threatening antibiotic resistant infections has resulted in challenging wound complications with limited choices of effective therapeutics. Recently, topical ozone therapy has shown to be a promising alternative approach for treatment of non-healing and infected wounds by providing strong antibacterial properties while stimulating the local tissue repair and regeneration. However, utilization of ozone as a treatment for infected wounds has been challenging thus far due to the need for large equipment usable only in contained, clinical settings. This work reports on the development of a portable topical ozone therapy system comprised of a flexible and disposable semipermeable dressing connected to a portable and reusable ozone-generating unit via a flexible tube. The dressing consists of a multilayered structure with gradient porosities to achieve uniform ozone distribution. The effective bactericidal properties of the ozone delivery platform were confirmed with two of the most commonly pathogenic bacteria found in wound infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Furthermore, cytotoxicity tests with human fibroblasts cells indicated no adverse effects on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Roth
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ahmed Elkashif
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Vidhya Selvamani
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rachel Abigail Stucky
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Babak Ziaie
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Syafiuddin A, Fulazzaky MA, Salmiati S, Roestamy M, Fulazzaky M, Sumeru K, Yusop Z. Sticky silver nanoparticles and surface coatings of different textile fabrics stabilised by Muntingia calabura leaf extract. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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M K R, K S M, Nair SS, B Krishna K, T M S, K P S, K S, H S, T S Keshava P, Neeli C, Karunasagar I, K B H, Karun A. Facile coconut inflorescence sap mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its diverse antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110834. [PMID: 32279817 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) involves the use of diverse extracts of biological origin as substrates to synthesize NPs and can overcome the hazards associated with chemical methods. Coconut inflorescence sap, which is unfermented phloem sap obtained by tapping of coconut inflorescence, is a rich source of sugars and secondary metabolites. In this study, coconut inflorescence sap was used to synthesize silver NPs (AgNPs). We have initially undertaken metabolomic profiling of coconut inflorescence sap from West Coast Tall cultivar to delineate its individual components. It was found to comprise of 64% secondary metabolites, 9% sugars, 12% lipids/fats and 9% peptides in positive mode, whereas in the negative mode, it was 33, 20, 9 and 11%, respectively. The concentration of silver nitrate, inflorescence sap and incubation temperature for the synthesis of AgNPs were optimized. Incubating the reaction mixture at 40 °C was found to enhance AgNP synthesis. The AgNPs synthesized were characterized using UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The particles were crystalline in nature and the bulk of the particles were spherical with smooth (thin) shell and poly-dispersed with a diameter ranging from 10 nm to 30 nm. Antimicrobial property of AgNPs was tested in tissue culture of arecanut (Areca catechu L.) where bacterial contamination (Bacillus pumilus) was a frequent occurrence. A significant reduction in the contamination was observed when plantlets were treated with aqueous solutions of AgNPs. Notably, treatment with AgNPs did not affect the growth and development of the arecanut plantlets. Antimicrobial properties of AgNPs synthesized from inflorescence sap were also evaluated in human pathogenic bacteria viz., Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus AQ4037. The antibacterial action was confirmed by determining the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein leakage studies. Cytotoxicity of AgNPs was quantified in HeLa cells. The viability (%) of HeLa cells declined significantly at 10 mg L-1 concentration of AgNP and complete mortality was observed at a concentration of 60 mg L-1. The study concludes that unfermented inflorescence sap, with above neutral pH, serves as an excellent reducing agent to synthesize AgNPs from Ag+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh M K
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, Kerala, India.
| | - Muralikrishna K S
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, Kerala, India
| | - Swapna S Nair
- Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671 316, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar B Krishna
- Nitte University Center for Science Education & Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575 018, Karnataka, India
| | - Subrahmanya T M
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology Department, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106 07, Taiwan
| | - Sonu K P
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Subaharan K
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sweta H
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Mangaluru 575 018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasad T S Keshava
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Mangaluru 575 018, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandran Neeli
- Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671 316, Kerala, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Nitte University Center for Science Education & Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575 018, Karnataka, India
| | - Hebbar K B
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, Kerala, India
| | - Anitha Karun
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, Kerala, India
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Jalilian F, Chahardoli A, Sadrjavadi K, Fattahi A, Shokoohinia Y. Green synthesized silver nanoparticle from Allium ampeloprasum aqueous extract: Characterization, antioxidant activities, antibacterial and cytotoxicity effects. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Krce L, Šprung M, Maravić A, Umek P, Salamon K, Krstulović N, Aviani I. Bacteria Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Ablation in Water: Modelling E. coli Growth and Inactivation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E653. [PMID: 32024125 PMCID: PMC7040691 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to better understand the bactericidal mode of action of silver nanoparticles. Here we present the production and characterization of laser-synthesized silver nanoparticles along with growth curves of bacteria treated at sub-minimal and minimal inhibitory concentrations, obtained by optical density measurements. The main effect of the treatment is the increase of the bacterial apparent lag time, which is very well described by the novel growth model as well as the entire growth curves for different concentrations. The main assumption of the model is that the treated bacteria uptake the nanoparticles and inactivate, which results in the decrease of both the nanoparticles and the bacteria concentrations. The lag assumes infinitive value for the minimal inhibitory concentration treatment. This apparent lag phase is not postponed bacterial growth. It is a dynamic state in which the bacterial growth and death rates are close in value. Our results strongly suggest that the predominant mode of antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles is the penetration inside the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Krce
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Matilda Šprung
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ana Maravić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Polona Umek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Krešimir Salamon
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nikša Krstulović
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivica Aviani
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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Synthesis, physico-chemical characterization, antimicrobial activity and toxicological features of Ag ZnO nanoparticles. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Engin AB, Engin A. Nanoantibiotics: A Novel Rational Approach to Antibiotic Resistant Infections. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:720-741. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190806142835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background:The main drawbacks for using conventional antimicrobial agents are the development of multiple drug resistance due to the use of high concentrations of antibiotics for extended periods. This vicious cycle often generates complications of persistent infections, and intolerable antibiotic toxicity. The problem is that while all new discovered antimicrobials are effective and promising, they remain as only short-term solutions to the overall challenge of drug-resistant bacteria.Objective:Recently, nanoantibiotics (nAbts) have been of tremendous interest in overcoming the drug resistance developed by several pathogenic microorganisms against most of the commonly used antibiotics. Compared with free antibiotic at the same concentration, drug delivered via a nanoparticle carrier has a much more prominent inhibitory effect on bacterial growth, and drug toxicity, along with prolonged drug release. Additionally, multiple drugs or antimicrobials can be packaged within the same smart polymer which can be designed with stimuli-responsive linkers. These stimuli-responsive nAbts open up the possibility of creating multipurpose and targeted antimicrobials. Biofilm formation still remains the leading cause of conventional antibiotic treatment failure. In contrast to conventional antibiotics nAbts easily penetrate into the biofilm, and selectively target biofilm matrix constituents through the introduction of bacteria specific ligands. In this context, various nanoparticles can be stabilized and functionalized with conventional antibiotics. These composites have a largely enhanced bactericidal efficiency compared to the free antibiotic.Conclusion:Nanoparticle-based carriers deliver antibiotics with better biofilm penetration and lower toxicity, thus combating bacterial resistance. However, the successful adaptation of nanoformulations to clinical practice involves a detailed assessment of their safety profiles and potential immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) find widespread use in different industries that range from agriculture, food, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and electronics to cosmetics. It is the exceptional properties of these materials at the nanoscale, which make them successful as growth promoters, drug carriers, catalysts, filters and fillers, but a price must be paid via the potential toxity of these materials. The harmful effects of nanoparticles (NPs) to environment, human and animal health needs to be investigated and critically examined, to find appropriate solutions and lower the risks involved in the manufacture and use of these exotic materials.The vast number and complex interaction of NM/NPs with different biological systems implies that there is no universal toxicity mechanism or assessment method. The various challenges need to be overcome and a number of research studies have been conducted during the past decade on different NMs to explore the possible mechanisms of uptake, concentrations/dosage and toxicity levels. This review article examines critically the recent reports in this field to summarize and present opportunities for safer design using case studies from published literature.
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Korshed P, Li L, Liu Z, Mironov A, Wang T. Size‐dependent antibacterial activity for laser‐generated silver nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jin2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peri Korshed
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Lin Li
- Laser Processing Research Centre, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil EngineeringThe University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Zhu Liu
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Aleksandr Mironov
- Core Research Facilities, Faculty of BiologyThe University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of Manchester Manchester UK
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Roy A, Bulut O, Some S, Mandal AK, Yilmaz MD. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: biomolecule-nanoparticle organizations targeting antimicrobial activity. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2673-2702. [PMID: 35520490 PMCID: PMC9059941 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08982e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since discovery of the first antibiotic drug, penicillin, in 1928, a variety of antibiotic and antimicrobial agents have been developed and used for both human therapy and industrial applications. However, excess and uncontrolled use of antibiotic agents has caused a significant growth in the number of drug resistant pathogens. Novel therapeutic approaches replacing the inefficient antibiotics are in high demand to overcome increasing microbial multidrug resistance. In the recent years, ongoing research has focused on development of nano-scale objects as efficient antimicrobial therapies. Among the various nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have gained much attention due to their unique antimicrobial properties. However, concerns about the synthesis of these materials such as use of precursor chemicals and toxic solvents, and generation of toxic byproducts have led to a new alternative approach, green synthesis. This eco-friendly technique incorporates use of biological agents, plants or microbial agents as reducing and capping agents. Silver nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry offer a novel and potential alternative to chemically synthesized nanoparticles. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, their application as antimicrobial agents and mechanism of antimicrobial mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Roy
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi-835215 India
| | - Onur Bulut
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University 42080 Konya Turkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM), Konya Food and Agriculture University 42080 Konya Turkey
| | - Sudip Some
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University Uttar Dinajpur-733134 India
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University Uttar Dinajpur-733134 India
| | - M Deniz Yilmaz
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM), Konya Food and Agriculture University 42080 Konya Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University 42080 Konya Turkey
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41
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Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticles: Future of Nanomaterials. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16534-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ismail RA, Sulaiman GM, Mohsin MH, Saadoon AH. Preparation of silver iodide nanoparticles using laser ablation in liquid for antibacterial applications. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:781-786. [PMID: 30104452 PMCID: PMC8676521 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the authors reported the first synthesis process of silver iodide (AgI) nanoparticles (NPs) by pulsed laser ablation of the AgI target in deionised distilled water. The optical and structural properties of AgI NPs were investigated by using UV-vis absorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optical data showed the presence of plasmon peak at 434 nm and the optical bandgap was found to be 2.6 eV at room temperature. SEM results confirm the agglomeration and aggregation of synthesised AgI NPs. TEM investigation showed that AgI NPs have a spherical shape and the average particle size was around 20 nm. The particle size distribution was the Gaussian type. The results showed that the synthesised AgI NPs have antibacterial activities against both bacterial strains and the activities were more potent against gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raid A Ismail
- Laser Physics Division, Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ghassan M Sulaiman
- Biotechnology Division, Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Mayyadah H Mohsin
- Laser Physics Division, Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali H Saadoon
- Biotechnology Division, Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
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Korshed P, Li L, Liu Z, Wang T. Correction: The Molecular Mechanisms of the Antibacterial Effect of Picosecond Laser Generated Silver Nanoparticles and Their Toxicity to Human Cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203636. [PMID: 30161224 PMCID: PMC6117065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jacques E, Ahumada M, Rector B, Yousefalizadeh G, Galaz-Araya C, Recabarren R, Stamplecoskie K, Poblete H, Alarcon EI. Effect of nanosilver surfaces on peptide reactivity towards reactive oxygen species. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15911-15917. [PMID: 30106074 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a terminal tryptophan residue within collagen mimetic peptides when tethered to nanometric silver surfaces was studied using a combination of steady state spectroscopy, ultrafast spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics experiments. Our findings indicate that the effective interaction between the tryptophan and the metal surface occurs in short-time scales (ps) and it is responsible for improving the colloidal stability of the nanoparticles exposed to free radicals. The extent and efficiency of the interaction depends on factors beyond the peptide length that include conformation and distance from the terminal tryptophan to the metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Jacques
- Bio-Nanomaterials Chemistry and Engineering Laboratory, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4 W7, Canada.
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Sportelli MC, Izzi M, Volpe A, Clemente M, Picca RA, Ancona A, Lugarà PM, Palazzo G, Cioffi N. The Pros and Cons of the Use of Laser Ablation Synthesis for the Production of Silver Nano-Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E67. [PMID: 30060553 PMCID: PMC6164857 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well-known for their antimicrobial effects and several groups are proposing them as active agents to fight antimicrobial resistance. A wide variety of methods is available for nanoparticle synthesis, affording a broad spectrum of chemical and physical properties. In this work, we report on AgNPs produced by laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS), discussing the major features of this approach. Laser ablation synthesis is one of the best candidates, as compared to wet-chemical syntheses, for preparing Ag nano-antimicrobials. In fact, this method allows the preparation of stable Ag colloids in pure solvents without using either capping and stabilizing agents or reductants. LASiS produces AgNPs, which can be more suitable for medical and food-related applications where it is important to use non-toxic chemicals and materials for humans. In addition, laser ablation allows for achieving nanoparticles with different properties according to experimental laser parameters, thus influencing antibacterial mechanisms. However, the concentration obtained by laser-generated AgNP colloids is often low, and it is hard to implement them on an industrial scale. To obtain interesting concentrations for final applications, it is necessary to exploit high-energy lasers, which are quite expensive. In this review, we discuss the pros and cons of the use of laser ablation synthesis for the production of Ag antimicrobial colloids, taking into account applications in the food packaging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Sportelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
- Institute of Photonics and nanotechnology-National Research Council (IFN-CNR), Physics Department "M. Merlin", Bari, Italy, via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Margherita Izzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Volpe
- Institute of Photonics and nanotechnology-National Research Council (IFN-CNR), Physics Department "M. Merlin", Bari, Italy, via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Clemente
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Anna Picca
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Ancona
- Institute of Photonics and nanotechnology-National Research Council (IFN-CNR), Physics Department "M. Merlin", Bari, Italy, via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Pietro Mario Lugarà
- Institute of Photonics and nanotechnology-National Research Council (IFN-CNR), Physics Department "M. Merlin", Bari, Italy, via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gerardo Palazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Qing Y, Cheng L, Li R, Liu G, Zhang Y, Tang X, Wang J, Liu H, Qin Y. Potential antibacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticles and the optimization of orthopedic implants by advanced modification technologies. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3311-3327. [PMID: 29892194 PMCID: PMC5993028 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s165125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection, as a common postoperative complication of orthopedic surgery, is the main reason leading to implant failure. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered as a promising antibacterial agent and always used to modify orthopedic implants to prevent infection. To optimize the implants in a reasonable manner, it is critical for us to know the specific antibacterial mechanism, which is still unclear. In this review, we analyzed the potential antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs, and the influences of AgNPs on osteogenic-related cells, including cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, were also discussed. In addition, methods to enhance biocompatibility of AgNPs as well as advanced implants modifications technologies were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun’an Qing
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guancong Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiongfeng Tang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanguo Qin
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
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47
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Xue Y, Wang J, Huang Y, Gao X, Kong L, Zhang T, Tang M. Comparative cytotoxicity and apoptotic pathways induced by nanosilver in human liver HepG2 and L02 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1293-1309. [PMID: 29658330 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118769718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are used in many commercial products in daily life. Exposure to nanosilver has hepatotoxic effects in animals. This study investigated the cytotoxicity associated with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated nanosilver (23.44 ± 4.92 nm in diameter) exposure in the human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) and normal hepatic cell line (L02), and the molecular mechanisms induced by nanosilver in HepG2 cells. Nanosilver, in doses of 20-160 μg mL-1 for 24 and 48 h, reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced cell membrane leakage and mitochondria injury in both cell lines; these effects were more pronounced in HepG2 cells than in L02 cells. Intracellular oxidative stress was documented by reactive oxygen species (ROS) being generated in HepG2 cells but not in L02 cells, an effect possibly due to differential uptake of nanosilver by cancer cells and normal cells. In HepG2 cells, apoptosis was documented by finding that ROS triggered a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in cytochrome c release, activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9, and a decrease in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Furthermore, nanosilver activated the Fas death receptor pathway by downregulation of nuclear factor-κB and activation of caspase 8 and caspase 3. These results suggest that apoptosis induced by nanosilver in HepG2 cells is mediated via a mitochondria-dependent pathway and the Fas death receptor pathway. These findings provide toxicological and mechanistic information that can help in assessing the effects of nanosilver in biological systems, including the potential for anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xue
- 1 Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - J Wang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Y Huang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - X Gao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - L Kong
- 1 Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - T Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - M Tang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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48
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Korshed P, Li L, Ngo DT, Wang T. Effect of Storage Conditions on the Long-Term Stability of Bactericidal Effects for Laser Generated Silver Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8040218. [PMID: 29617278 PMCID: PMC5923548 DOI: 10.3390/nano8040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used as antibacterial agents, but their antibacterial durability and the influence by storage conditions have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, AgNPs were produced using a picosecond laser and stored under three different conditions: daylight, dark and cold (4 °C). The antibacterial effects of the laser AgNPs were examined against Escherichia coli in either a 14-day interval (frequent air exposure) or a 45-day interval (less frequent air exposure) using a well-diffusion method until the antibacterial effects disappeared. Results showed that the antibacterial activity of the laser generated AgNPs lasted 266 to 405 days. Frequent air exposure increased particle oxidation as measured by high-angle annular dark-field detector for scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and X-ray energy dispersive (EDX) spectroscopy, and reduced the antibacterial duration by about 13 weeks. Compared to the chemically produced AgNPs, the antibacterial effect of the laser AgNPs lasted over 100 days longer when tested in the 45-day interval, but was susceptible to oxidation when frequently exposed to the air. The laser generated AgNPs had lower antibacterial activity when stored in cold compared to that stored at room temperature. This study demonstrated the long lasting antibacterial durability of the laser generated AgNPs. Such information could help design future medical applications for the AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peri Korshed
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Lin Li
- Laser Processing Research Centre, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Duc-The Ngo
- Electron Microscopy Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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49
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Chandana L, Ghosal P, Shashidhar T, Subrahmanyam C. Enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of plasma-reduced silver nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24827-24835. [PMID: 35542158 PMCID: PMC9082331 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03961e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet has been used for the green synthesis of highly dispersed colloidal silver nanoparticles. The reducing species such as hydrogen radicals and hydrated electrons are identified, and the change in the solution pH is studied during AgNP formation. The structural properties and size of the plasma-reduced silver nanoparticles are characterized via X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The size of the colloidal AgNPs is tuned by adjusting the initial concentration of AgNO3. The effect of terephthalic acid, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, on the reduction of Ag+ ion is studied. The typical catalytic activity data indicate the better performance of the plasma-reduced colloidal Ag nanoparticles than that obtained from the chemical reduction method. The antibacterial activity of the plasma-reduced Ag nanoparticles also shows a better performance than that of the chemically reduced AgNPs, highlighting the potential of the plasma reduction approach for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, which are stable even after 30 days without a stabilizing agent. Additionally, the effects of hydroxyl scavengers (isopropyl alcohol) and Fenton's reagent (Fe2+ salt) on CV degradation are studied. A non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet has been used for the green synthesis of highly dispersed colloidal silver nanoparticles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Chandana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - P. Ghosal
- Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL)
- Hyderabad 500058
- India
| | - T. Shashidhar
- Department of Civil Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Ch. Subrahmanyam
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
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50
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Korshed P, Li L, Liu Z, Mironov A, Wang T. Antibacterial mechanisms of a novel type picosecond laser-generated silver-titanium nanoparticles and their toxicity to human cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 13:89-101. [PMID: 29317818 PMCID: PMC5743189 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the antibacterial mechanisms for a novel type of Ag-TiO2 compound nanoparticles (NPs) produced from an Ag-TiO2 alloy using a picosecond laser and evaluated the toxicity of the Ag-TiO2 NPs to a range of human cell types. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the morphology, shapes, and size distribution of the laser-generated Ag-TiO2 NPs. UV-visible spectrometer was used to confirm the shift of light absorbance of the NPs toward visible light wavelength. Results showed that the laser-generated Ag-TiO2 NPs had significant antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Increased level of reactive oxygen species was produced by E. coli after exposure to the Ag-TiO2 NPs, which was accompanied with lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, disintegration of cell membrane and protein leakage, leading to the cell death. Five types of human cells originated from lung (A549), liver (HePG2), kidney (HEK293), endothelium cells (human coronary artery endothelial cells [hCAECs]), and skin (human dermal fibroblast cells [HDFc]) were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the laser-generated Ag-TiO2 NPs. A weak but statistically significant decrease in cell proliferation was observed for hCAECs, A549 and HDFc cells when co-cultured with 2.5 µg/mL or 20 µg/mL of the laser-generated Ag-TiO2 NPs for 48 hours. However, this effect was no longer apparent when a higher concentration of NPs (20 µg/mL) was used after 72 hours of co-culture with human cells, suggesting a possible adaptive process in the cells had occurred. We conclude that picosecond laser-generated Ag-TiO2 NPs have a broad spectrum of antibacterial effect, including against the drug-resistant strain, with multiple underlying molecular mechanisms and low human cell toxicity. The antimicrobial properties of the new type of picoseconds laser-generated Ag-TiO2 compound NPs could have potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peri Korshed
- School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health
| | - Lin Li
- Laser Processing Research Centre, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering
| | | | - Aleksandr Mironov
- Core Research Facilities, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health
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