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Burtscher J, Pepe G, Maharjan N, Riguet N, Di Pardo A, Maglione V, Millet GP. Sphingolipids and impaired hypoxic stress responses in Huntington disease. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101224. [PMID: 36898481 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a debilitating, currently incurable disease. Protein aggregation and metabolic deficits are pathological hallmarks but their link to neurodegeneration and symptoms remains debated. Here, we summarize alterations in the levels of different sphingolipids in an attempt to characterize sphingolipid patterns specific to HD, an additional molecular hallmark of the disease. Based on the crucial role of sphingolipids in maintaining cellular homeostasis, the dynamic regulation of sphingolipids upon insults and their involvement in cellular stress responses, we hypothesize that maladaptations or blunted adaptations, especially following cellular stress due to reduced oxygen supply (hypoxia) contribute to the development of pathology in HD. We review how sphingolipids shape cellular energy metabolism and control proteostasis and suggest how these functions may fail in HD and in combination with additional insults. Finally, we evaluate the potential of improving cellular resilience in HD by conditioning approaches (improving the efficiency of cellular stress responses) and the role of sphingolipids therein. Sphingolipid metabolism is crucial for cellular homeostasis and for adaptations following cellular stress, including hypoxia. Inadequate cellular management of hypoxic stress likely contributes to HD progression, and sphingolipids are potential mediators. Targeting sphingolipids and the hypoxic stress response are novel treatment strategies for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Giuseppe Pepe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Niran Maharjan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alba Di Pardo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Liu T, Bai Y, Wang C, Zhang T, Su R, Wang B, Duan Y, Sun L, Jin Y, Su L. Effects of Probiotics Supplementation on the Intestinal Metabolites, Muscle Fiber Properties, and Meat Quality of Sunit Lamb. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040762. [PMID: 36830552 PMCID: PMC9951964 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of animal husbandry is closely related to the meat quality of small ruminants. Intestinal metabolites and the muscle fiber types of lambs are important factors that affect their meat quality, but few studies have examined the regulation of the "intestinal muscle axis" by probiotics. In this study, 12 Sunit lambs were divided into a control group (C) and a probiotics group (P). The gene expressions of the myosin heavy chain, metabolic enzyme activity, and short-chain fatty acids in the intestines were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that levels of propionic acid and butyric acid in the intestines of group P were significantly higher than in group C (p < 0.05). In addition, probiotics increased the number and area ratio of type I muscle fibers. They also increased the mRNA expression of MyHC IIA and the activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Propionic acid was negatively correlated with the number ratio of type IIB muscle fibers. Butyric acid was found to be significantly positively correlated with the number ratio of type IIA muscle fibers. Cooking loss, pH24h, and shear force decreased significantly in group P. In conclusion, intestinal metabolites (SCFAs) altered the activity of oxidative-myofibril-metabolizing enzymes and the expression of myosin heavy-chain type IIA, reduced the meat shear values, and improved meat tenderness. This study provides a new basis for improving the production and meat quality of small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yanping Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chenlei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Taiwu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Rina Su
- Inner Mongolia Vocational College of Chemical Engineering, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Bohui Wang
- Ordos City Inspection and Testing Center, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Yan Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lina Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ye Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (L.S.); Tel.: +86-13948111209 (Y.J.); +86-13674859101 (L.S.)
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (L.S.); Tel.: +86-13948111209 (Y.J.); +86-13674859101 (L.S.)
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3
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Albekairi TH, Kamra A, Bhardwaj S, Mehan S, Giri A, Suri M, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Alasmari AF, Narula AS, Kalfin R. Beta-Boswellic Acid Reverses 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Molecular, Mitochondrial, and Histopathological Defects in Experimental Rat Model of Huntington's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2866. [PMID: 36359390 PMCID: PMC9687177 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is distinguished by a triple repeat of CAG in exon 1, an increase in poly Q in the Htt gene, and a loss of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSN) in the striatum and white matter of the cortex. Mitochondrial ETC-complex dysfunctions are involved in the pathogenesis of HD, including neuronal energy loss, synaptic neurotrophic decline, neuronal inflammation, apoptosis, and grey and white matter destruction. A previous study has demonstrated that beta Boswellic acid (β-BA), a naturally occurring phytochemical, has several neuroprotective properties that can reduce pathogenic factors associated with various neurological disorders. The current investigation aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of β-BA at oral doses of 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg alone, as well as in conjunction with the potent antioxidant vitamin E (8 mg/kg, orally) in 3-NP-induced experimental HD rats. Adult Wistar rats were separated into seven groups, and 3-NP, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, was orally administered to each group of adult Wistar rats beginning on day 1 and continuing through day 14. The neurotoxin 3-NP induces neurodegenerative, g, neurochemical, and pathological alterations in experimental animals. Continuous injection of 3-NP, according to our results, aggravated HD symptoms by suppressing ETC-complex-II, succinate dehydrogenase activity, and neurochemical alterations. β-BA, when taken with vitamin E, improved behavioural dysfunctions such as neuromuscular and motor impairments, as well as memory and cognitive abnormalities. Pharmacological treatments with β-BA improved and restored ETC complexes enzymes I, II, and V levels in brain homogenates. β-BA treatment also restored neurotransmitter levels in the brain while lowering inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers. β-BA's neuroprotective potential in reducing neuronal death was supported by histopathological findings in the striatum and cortex. As a result, the findings of this research contributed to a better understanding of the potential role of natural phytochemicals β-BA in preventing neurological illnesses such as HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamer H. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arzoo Kamra
- Department of Pharmacology, Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Sri Ganganagar 335001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudeep Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacology, Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Sri Ganganagar 335001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Aditi Giri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Manisha Suri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “NeofitRilski”, Ivan Mihailov St. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
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4
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Pradhan SS, Thota SM, Rajaratnam S, Bhagavatham SKS, Pulukool SK, Rathnakumar S, Phalguna KS, Dandamudi RB, Pargaonkar A, Joseph P, Joshy EV, Sivaramakrishnan V. Integrated multi-omics analysis of Huntington disease identifies pathways that modulate protein aggregation. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049492. [PMID: 36052548 PMCID: PMC10655815 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with polyglutamine expansion in the protein huntingtin (HTT). Although the length of the polyglutamine repeat correlates with age at disease onset and severity, psychological, cognitive and behavioral complications point to the existence of disease modifiers. Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic deregulation are both associated with the HD but, despite multi-omics characterization of patients and model systems, their mechanisms have remained elusive. Systems analysis of multi-omics data and its validation by using a yeast model could help to elucidate pathways that modulate protein aggregation. Metabolomics analysis of HD patients and of a yeast model of HD was, therefore, carried out. Our analysis showed a considerable overlap of deregulated metabolic pathways. Further, the multi-omics analysis showed deregulated pathways common in human, mice and yeast model systems, and those that are unique to them. The deregulated pathways include metabolic pathways of various amino acids, glutathione metabolism, longevity, autophagy and mitophagy. The addition of certain metabolites as well as gene knockouts targeting the deregulated metabolic and autophagy pathways in the yeast model system showed that these pathways do modulate protein aggregation. Taken together, our results showed that the modulation of deregulated pathways influences protein aggregation in HD, and has implications for progression and prognosis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai S. Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sai M. Thota
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Saiswaroop Rajaratnam
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sai K. S. Bhagavatham
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sujith K. Pulukool
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sriram Rathnakumar
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Kanikaram S. Phalguna
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Rajesh B. Dandamudi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515 134, India
| | - Ashish Pargaonkar
- Application Division, Agilent Technologies Ltd., Bengaluru 560048, India
| | - Prasanth Joseph
- Application Division, Agilent Technologies Ltd., Bengaluru 560048, India
| | - E. V. Joshy
- Department of Neurology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Whitefield, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
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5
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Jadiya P, Garbincius JF, Elrod JW. Reappraisal of metabolic dysfunction in neurodegeneration: Focus on mitochondrial function and calcium signaling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:124. [PMID: 34233766 PMCID: PMC8262011 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration remain poorly defined. Recent clinical trial failures, difficult diagnosis, uncertain etiology, and lack of curative therapies prompted us to re-examine other hypotheses of neurodegenerative pathogenesis. Recent reports establish that mitochondrial and calcium dysregulation occur early in many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and others. However, causal molecular evidence of mitochondrial and metabolic contributions to pathogenesis remains insufficient. Here we summarize the data supporting the hypothesis that mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction result from diverse etiologies of neuropathology. We provide a current and comprehensive review of the literature and interpret that defective mitochondrial metabolism is upstream and primary to protein aggregation and other dogmatic hypotheses of NDDs. Finally, we identify gaps in knowledge and propose therapeutic modulation of mCa2+ exchange and mitochondrial function to alleviate metabolic impairments and treat NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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6
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Hadrava Vanova K, Kraus M, Neuzil J, Rohlena J. Mitochondrial complex II and reactive oxygen species in disease and therapy. Redox Rep 2021; 25:26-32. [PMID: 32290794 PMCID: PMC7178880 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1752002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the respiratory Complex II (CII) as a source and modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both functional loss of CII as well as its pharmacological inhibition can lead to ROS generation in cells, with a relevant impact on the development of pathophysiological conditions, i.e. cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. While the basic framework of CII involvement in ROS production has been defined, the fine details still await clarification. It is important to resolve these aspects to fully understand the role of CII in pathology and to explore its therapeutic potential in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Kraus
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
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7
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A high-throughput screening to identify small molecules that suppress huntingtin promoter activity or activate huntingtin-antisense promoter activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6157. [PMID: 33731741 PMCID: PMC7969751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of huntingtin (HTT). While there are currently no disease-modifying treatments for HD, recent efforts have focused on the development of nucleotide-based therapeutics to lower HTT expression. As an alternative to siRNA or oligonucleotide methods, we hypothesized that suppression of HTT expression might be accomplished by small molecules that either (1) directly decrease HTT expression by suppressing HTT promoter activity or (2) indirectly decrease HTT expression by increasing the promoter activity of HTT-AS, the gene antisense to HTT that appears to inhibit expression of HTT. We developed and employed a high-throughput screen for modifiers of HTT and HTT-AS promoter activity using luminescent reporter HEK293 cells; of the 52,041 compounds tested, we identified 898 replicable hits. We used a rigorous stepwise approach to assess compound toxicity and the capacity of the compounds to specifically lower huntingtin protein in 5 different cell lines, including HEK293 cells, HD lymphoblastoid cells, mouse primary neurons, HD iPSCs differentiated into cortical-like neurons, and HD hESCs. We found no compounds which were able to lower huntingtin without lowering cell viability in all assays, though the potential efficacy of a few compounds at non-toxic doses could not be excluded. Our results suggest that more specific targets may facilitate a small molecule approach to HTT suppression.
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8
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A Rationale for Hypoxic and Chemical Conditioning in Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020582. [PMID: 33430140 PMCID: PMC7826574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by adverse cellular environments and pathological alterations causing neurodegeneration in distinct brain regions. This development is triggered or facilitated by conditions such as hypoxia, ischemia or inflammation and is associated with disruptions of fundamental cellular functions, including metabolic and ion homeostasis. Targeting intracellular downstream consequences to specifically reverse these pathological changes proved difficult to translate to clinical settings. Here, we discuss the potential of more holistic approaches with the purpose to re-establish a healthy cellular environment and to promote cellular resilience. We review the involvement of important molecular pathways (e.g., the sphingosine, δ-opioid receptor or N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor pathways) in neuroprotective hypoxic conditioning effects and how these pathways can be targeted for chemical conditioning. Despite the present scarcity of knowledge on the efficacy of such approaches in neurodegeneration, the specific characteristics of Huntington’s disease may make it particularly amenable for such conditioning techniques. Not only do classical features of neurodegenerative diseases like mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation support this assumption, but also specific Huntington’s disease characteristics: a relatively young age of neurodegeneration, molecular overlap of related pathologies with hypoxic adaptations and sensitivity to brain hypoxia. The aim of this review is to discuss several molecular pathways in relation to hypoxic adaptations that have potential as drug targets in neurodegenerative diseases. We will extract the relevance for Huntington’s disease from this knowledge base.
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9
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Cross-sectional analysis of plasma and CSF metabolomic markers in Huntington's disease for participants of varying functional disability: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20490. [PMID: 33235276 PMCID: PMC7686309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative condition. While generally considered for its devastating neurological phenotype, disturbances in other organ systems and metabolic pathways outside the brain have attracted attention for possible relevance to HD pathology, potential as therapeutic targets, or use as biomarkers of progression. In addition, it is not established how metabolic changes in the HD brain correlate to progression across the full spectrum of early to late-stage disease. In this pilot study, we sought to explore the metabolic profile across manifest HD from early to advanced clinical staging through metabolomic analysis by mass spectrometry in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). With disease progression, we observed nominally significant increases in plasma arginine, citrulline, and glycine, with decreases in total and d-serine, cholesterol esters, diacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and sphingomyelins. In CSF, worsening disease was associated with nominally significant increases in NAD+, arginine, saturated long chain free fatty acids, diacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, and sphingomyelins. Notably, diacylglycerides and triacylglyceride species associated with clinical progression were different between plasma and CSF, suggesting different metabolic preferences for these compartments. Increasing NAD+ levels strongly correlating with disease progression was an unexpected finding. Our data suggest that defects in the urea cycle, glycine, and serine metabolism may be underrecognized in the progression HD pathology, and merit further study for possible therapeutic relevance.
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10
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Kedaigle AJ, Fraenkel E, Atwal RS, Wu M, Gusella JF, MacDonald ME, Kaye JA, Finkbeiner S, Mattis VB, Tom CM, Svendsen C, King AR, Chen Y, Stocksdale JT, Lim RG, Casale M, Wang PH, Thompson LM, Akimov SS, Ratovitski T, Arbez N, Ross CA. Bioenergetic deficits in Huntington's disease iPSC-derived neural cells and rescue with glycolytic metabolites. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1757-1771. [PMID: 30768179 PMCID: PMC7372552 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism is believed to be an important contributor to pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorder Huntington's disease (HD). Research has primarily focused on mitochondrial toxicity, which can cause death of the vulnerable striatal neurons, but other aspects of metabolism have also been implicated. Most previous studies have been carried out using postmortem human brain or non-human cells. Here, we studied bioenergetics in an induced pluripotent stem cell-based model of the disease. We found decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in HD cells compared to controls across differentiation stages and protocols. Proteomics data and multiomics network analysis revealed normal or increased levels of mitochondrial messages and proteins, but lowered expression of glycolytic enzymes. Metabolic experiments showed decreased spare glycolytic capacity in HD neurons, while maximal and spare respiratory capacities driven by oxidative phosphorylation were largely unchanged. ATP levels in HD neurons could be rescued with addition of pyruvate or late glycolytic metabolites, but not earlier glycolytic metabolites, suggesting a role for glycolytic deficits as part of the metabolic disturbance in HD neurons. Pyruvate or other related metabolic supplements could have therapeutic benefit in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda J Kedaigle
- Computational and Systems Biology Graduate Program and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Computational and Systems Biology Graduate Program and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ranjit S Atwal
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Building, Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Building, Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James F Gusella
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Building, Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcy E MacDonald
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Building, Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia A Kaye
- Gladstone Institutes and Taube/Koret Center of Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Roddenberry Stem Cell Research Program, Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Gladstone Institutes and Taube/Koret Center of Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Roddenberry Stem Cell Research Program, Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Virginia B Mattis
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Colton M Tom
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Clive Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alvin R King
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Medicine, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center and UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yumay Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Medicine, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center and UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer T Stocksdale
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Medicine, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center and UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ryan G Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Medicine, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center and UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Malcolm Casale
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Medicine, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center and UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ping H Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Medicine, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center and UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Medicine, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center and UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sergey S Akimov
- Division of Neurobiology, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Tamara Ratovitski
- Division of Neurobiology, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Arbez
- Division of Neurobiology, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MA, USA
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11
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Antonaros F, Ghini V, Pulina F, Ramacieri G, Cicchini E, Mannini E, Martelli A, Feliciello A, Lanfranchi S, Onnivello S, Vianello R, Locatelli C, Cocchi G, Pelleri MC, Vitale L, Strippoli P, Luchinat C, Turano P, Piovesan A, Caracausi M. Plasma metabolome and cognitive skills in Down syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10491. [PMID: 32591596 PMCID: PMC7319960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome, DS) is the main human genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID). Lejeune hypothesized that DS could be considered a metabolic disease, and we found that subjects with DS have a specific plasma and urinary metabolomic profile. In this work we confirmed the alteration of mitochondrial metabolism in DS and also investigated if metabolite levels are related to cognitive aspects of DS. We analyzed the metabolomic profiles of plasma samples from 129 subjects with DS and 46 healthy control (CTRL) subjects by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Multivariate analysis of the NMR metabolomic profiles showed a clear discrimination (up to 94% accuracy) between the two groups. The univariate analysis revealed a significant alteration in 7 metabolites out of 28 assigned unambiguously. Correlations among the metabolite levels in DS and CTRL groups were separately investigated and statistically significant relationships appeared. On the contrary, statistically significant correlations among the NMR-detectable part of DS plasma metabolome and the different intelligence quotient ranges obtained by Griffiths-III or WPPSI-III tests were not found. Even if metabolic imbalance provides a clear discrimination between DS and CTRL groups, it appears that the investigated metabolomic profiles cannot be associated with the degree of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Antonaros
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghini
- CIRMMP, Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine, via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Francesca Pulina
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ramacieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Elena Cicchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Elisa Mannini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Anna Martelli
- Neonatology Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Agnese Feliciello
- Neonatology Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Silvia Lanfranchi
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Sara Onnivello
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Renzo Vianello
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Chiara Locatelli
- Neonatology Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Guido Cocchi
- Neonatology Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pelleri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Lorenza Vitale
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Strippoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- CERM, Center of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Turano
- CERM, Center of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Allison Piovesan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - Maria Caracausi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy
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12
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Garabadu D, Agrawal N, Sharma A, Sharma S. Mitochondrial metabolism: a common link between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 30:642-652. [PMID: 31625975 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders have been considered as a growing health concern for decades. Increasing risk of neurodegenerative disorders creates a socioeconomic burden to both patients and care givers. Mitochondria are organelle that are involved in both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. There are few reports on the effect of mitochondrial metabolism on the progress of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Therefore, the present review summarizes the potential contribution of mitochondrial metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. However, there its potential contribution in other neurodegenerative disorders is as yet unproven. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and pyruvate dehydrogenase can modulate mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism to attenuate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Further, it has been observed that the mitochondrial citric acid cycle can regulate the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Additional research should be undertaken to target tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes to minimize the progress of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. It has also been observed that the mitochondrial urea cycle can potentially contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, targeting this pathway may control the mitochondrial dysfunction-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the mitochondrial malate-aspartate shuttle could be another target to control mitochondrial dysfunction-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Garabadu
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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13
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Plasma Krebs Cycle Intermediates in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020314. [PMID: 31979094 PMCID: PMC7073566 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is manifested with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and is closely associated with the metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD is still not fully elucidated, multiple studies have demonstrated evidence of molecular, biochemical, and biophysical mitochondrial abnormalities in NAFLD. Given the association between NAFLD and mitochondrial dysfunction, the aim of this study is to analyze circulating levels of Krebs cycle intermediates in a cohort of NAFLD-affected individuals and matching healthy controls and to correlate our findings with the liver function metrics. Standard serum biochemistry and Krebs cycle intermediates were analyzed in NAFLD (n = 22) and matched control (n = 67) cohorts. Circulating levels of isocitrate and citrate were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in the NAFLD cohort of patients. The area under the curve (AUROC) for these two metabolites exhibited a moderate clinical utility. Correlations between plasma Krebs cycle intermediates and standard clinical plasma metrics were explored by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The data obtained for plasma Krebs cycle intermediates suggest pathophysiological insights that link mitochondrial dysfunction with NAFLD. Our findings reveal that plasma isocitrate and citrate can discriminate between normal and NAFLD cohorts and can be utilized as noninvasive markers of mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD. Future studies with large populations at different NAFLD stages are warranted.
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14
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Patassini S, Begley P, Xu J, Church SJ, Kureishy N, Reid SJ, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Snell RG, Unwin RD, Cooper GJS. Cerebral Vitamin B5 (D-Pantothenic Acid) Deficiency as a Potential Cause of Metabolic Perturbation and Neurodegeneration in Huntington's Disease. Metabolites 2019; 9:E113. [PMID: 31212603 PMCID: PMC6630497 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9060113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in exon 1 of the HTT gene. HD usually manifests in mid-life with loss of GABAergic projection neurons from the striatum accompanied by progressive atrophy of the putamen followed by other brain regions, but linkages between the genetics and neurodegeneration are not understood. We measured metabolic perturbations in HD-human brain in a case-control study, identifying pervasive lowering of vitamin B5, the obligatory precursor of coenzyme A (CoA) that is essential for normal intermediary metabolism. Cerebral pantothenate deficiency is a newly-identified metabolic defect in human HD that could potentially: (i) impair neuronal CoA biosynthesis; (ii) stimulate polyol-pathway activity; (iii) impair glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity; and (iv) modify brain-urea metabolism. Pantothenate deficiency could lead to neurodegeneration/dementia in HD that might be preventable by treatment with vitamin B5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Patassini
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Owlstone Medical, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, UK.
| | - Paul Begley
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Nina Kureishy
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Suzanne J Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Russell G Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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15
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Abstract
This review systematically examines the evidence for shifts in flux through energy generating biochemical pathways in Huntington’s disease (HD) brains from humans and model systems. Compromise of the electron transport chain (ETC) appears not to be the primary or earliest metabolic change in HD pathogenesis. Rather, compromise of glucose uptake facilitates glucose flux through glycolysis and may possibly decrease flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), limiting subsequent NADPH and GSH production needed for antioxidant protection. As a result, oxidative damage to key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes further restricts energy production so that while basal needs may be met through oxidative phosphorylation, those of excessive stimulation cannot. Energy production may also be compromised by deficits in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics or trafficking. Restrictions on energy production may be compensated for by glutamate oxidation and/or stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. Transcriptional dysregulation generated by mutant huntingtin also contributes to energetic disruption at specific enzymatic steps. Many of the alterations in metabolic substrates and enzymes may derive from normal regulatory feedback mechanisms and appear oscillatory. Fine temporal sequencing of the shifts in metabolic flux and transcriptional and expression changes associated with mutant huntingtin expression remain largely unexplored and may be model dependent. Differences in disease progression among HD model systems at the time of experimentation and their varying states of metabolic compensation may explain conflicting reports in the literature. Progressive shifts in metabolic flux represent homeostatic compensatory mechanisms that maintain the model organism through presymptomatic and symptomatic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Dubinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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16
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Nitric Oxide and Mitochondrial Function in Neurological Diseases. Neuroscience 2018; 376:48-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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de Oliveira MR. Carnosic Acid as a Promising Agent in Protecting Mitochondria of Brain Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6687-6699. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Altered Aconitase 2 Activity in Huntington's Disease Peripheral Blood Cells and Mouse Model Striatum. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112480. [PMID: 29160844 PMCID: PMC5713446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by an unstable cytosine adenine guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat expansion encoding a polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein. Previously, we identified several up- and down-regulated protein molecules in the striatum of the Hdh(CAG)150 knock-in mice at 16 months of age, a mouse model which is modeling the early human HD stage. Among those molecules, aconitase 2 (Aco2) located in the mitochondrial matrix is involved in the energy generation and susceptible to increased oxidative stress that would lead to inactivation of Aco2 activity. In this study, we demonstrate decreased Aco2 protein level and activity in the brain of both Hdh(CAG)150 and R6/2 mice. Aco2 activity was decreased in striatum of Hdh(CAG)150 mice at 16 months of age as well as R6/2 mice at 7 to 13 weeks of age. Aco2 activity in the striatum of R6/2 mice could be restored by the anti-oxidant, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, supporting that decreased Aco2 activity in HD is probably caused by increased oxidative damage. Decreased Aco2 activity was further found in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of both HD patients and pre-symptomatic HD mutation (PreHD) carriers, while the decreased Aco2 protein level of PBMC was only present in HD patients. Aco2 activity correlated significantly with motor score, independence scale, and functional capacity of the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale as well as disease duration. Our study provides a potential biomarker to assess the disease status of HD patients and PreHD carriers.
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Biasibetti-Brendler H, Schmitz F, Pierozan P, Zanotto BS, Prezzi CA, de Andrade RB, Wannmacher CMD, Wyse ATS. Hypoxanthine Induces Neuroenergetic Impairment and Cell Death in Striatum of Young Adult Wistar Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4098-4106. [PMID: 28593435 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxanthine is the major purine involved in the salvage pathway of purines in the brain. High levels of hypoxanthine are characteristic of Lesch-Nyhan Disease. Since hypoxanthine is a purine closely related to ATP formation, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrastriatal hypoxanthine administration on neuroenergetic parameters (pyruvate kinase, succinate dehydrogenase, complex II, cytochrome c oxidase, and ATP levels) and mitochondrial function (mitochondrial mass and membrane potential) in striatum of rats. We also evaluated the effect of cell death parameters (necrosis and apoptosis). Wistar rats of 60 days of life underwent stereotactic surgery and were divided into two groups: control (infusion of saline 0.9%) and hypoxanthine (10 μM). Intrastriatal hypoxanthine administration did not alter pyruvate kinase activity, but increased succinate dehydrogenase and complex II activities and diminished cytochrome c oxidase activity and immunocontent. Hypoxanthine injection decreased the percentage of cells with mitochondrial membrane label and increased mitochondrial membrane potential labeling. There was a decrease in the number of live cells and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells by caused hypoxanthine. Our findings show that intrastriatal hypoxanthine administration altered neuroenergetic parameters, and caused mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by apoptosis, suggesting that these processes may be associated, at least in part, with neurological symptoms found in patients with Lesch-Nyhan Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Biasibetti-Brendler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Zanotto
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Prezzi
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Binkowski de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Clovis M D Wannmacher
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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20
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Chen W, Wu Y, Bi R, Liu S, Liu Z, Liu Z, Song F, Shi Y. Therapeutic Effects of Selaginella tamariscina
on the Model of Acute Gout with Hyperuricemia in Rats Based on Metabolomics Analysis. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Rongbing Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry & Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry & Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry & Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin 130021 China
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