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Kato T, Fujii M, Kanatani K, Niwa F, Hirabayashi K, Nakayama T, Itakura S. Paternal involvement in infant care and developmental milestone outcomes at age 3 years: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Pediatr Res 2024; 95:785-791. [PMID: 37422497 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developed countries, the time fathers spend on childcare has increased steadily in recent decades. However, studies on the relationship between paternal care and child outcomes remain scarce. Thus, we examined the association between paternal involvement in childcare and children's developmental outcomes. METHODS We used Japan's largest birth cohort data, the Japan Environment and Children's Study, to examine the relationship between paternal involvement in childcare at the child's age of 6 months and developmental milestone outcomes at the child's age of 3 years (n = 28,050). Developmental delays were assessed with Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Potential mediation by maternal parenting stress at the child's age of 1.5 years was also examined. We used log-binomial regression analyses to estimate risk ratios. RESULTS Fathers' high involvement in childcare was associated with a lower risk of developmental delay in gross-motor, fine-motor, problem solving, and personal-social domains compared with low involvement, adjusting for potential confounders. For example, the risk ratio with 95% confidence intervals was 0.76 [0.67, 0.86] for the gross-motor domain. We also observed that the associations were partially mediated by maternal parenting stress. CONCLUSIONS Fathers' active involvement in childcare during infancy may promote young children's development, partially by reducing maternal parenting stress. IMPACT Using Japan's largest birth cohort data (Japan Environment and Children's Study), we showed that paternal involvement in infant care might benefit young children's development. Fathers' active involvement in infant care was associated with a lower risk of developmental delays in gross-motor, fine-motor, problem solving, and personal-social domains. Maternal parenting stress may mediate the association between paternal involvement in infant care and child development outcomes at 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguhiko Kato
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Mai Fujii
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kanatani
- Japan Environment and Children's Study, Kyoto Regional Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fusako Niwa
- Japan Environment and Children's Study, Kyoto Regional Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hirabayashi
- Japan Environment and Children's Study, Kyoto Regional Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoji Itakura
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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Silver AM, Chen Y, Smith DK, Tamis-LeMonda CS, Cabrera N, Libertus ME. Mothers’ and fathers’ engagement in math activities with their toddler sons and daughters: The moderating role of parental math beliefs. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1124056. [PMID: 36993892 PMCID: PMC10040787 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1124056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents’ beliefs about the importance of math predicts their math engagement with their children. However, most work focuses on mothers’ math engagement with preschool- and school-aged children, leaving gaps in knowledge about fathers and the experiences of toddlers. We examined differences in mothers’ and fathers’ (N = 94) engagement in math- and non-math activities with their two-year-old girls and boys. Parents reported their beliefs about the importance of math and literacy for young children and their frequency of home learning activities. Parents of sons did not differ in their engagement in math activities from parents of daughters. Mothers reported engaging more frequently in math activities with their toddlers than fathers did, but the difference reduced when parents endorsed stronger beliefs about the importance of math for children. Even at very early ages, children experience vastly different opportunities to learn math in the home, with math-related experiences being shaped by both parent gender and parents’ beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Silver
- Department of Psychology, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alex M. Silver,
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Darcy K. Smith
- Department of Psychology, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Natasha Cabrera
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Melissa E. Libertus
- Department of Psychology, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Kato T, Kachi Y, Ochi M, Nagayoshi M, Dhungel B, Kondo T, Takehara K. The long-term association between paternal involvement in infant care and children's psychological well-being at age 16 years: An analysis of the Japanese Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century 2001 cohort. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:114-120. [PMID: 36566942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies conducted in the United Kingdom have shown long-term associations between paternal involvement in childcare and adolescents' mental health issues. However, findings were inconsistent, and similar epidemiologic studies have not been conducted in other countries in Europe or Asia. Thus, we aimed to examine this association using Japanese population-based cohort study data. METHODS The Japanese Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century commenced in 2001. Data from 18,568 16-year-olds enrolled in the survey were analyzed. Poor psychological well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 Well-being Index. Paternal involvement in childcare-in tasks such as changing diapers-was assessed at the children's 6 months of age. We created four groups from least involvement to most active involvement based on the frequency of fathers' performing the tasks. RESULTS The risk of poor psychological well-being was lower among more active involvement groups compared with the least involvement group, after adjusting for potential confounders (risk ratios = 0.90 [95 % confidence intervals: 0.85, 0.95] for the most active group). LIMITATIONS Due to 16 years of follow-up, loss to follow-up may have caused a selection bias. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first in Asian countries to show that fathers' active involvement in childcare is associated with poor psychological well-being in adolescence. Encouraging fathers' involvement in childcare may ameliorate prevalent issues of school refusals and withdrawals in the long term in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguhiko Kato
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Yuko Kachi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan; Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
| | - Mako Nagayoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan; Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
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Elhusseini S, Rawn K, El-Sheikh M, Keller PS. Attachment and prosocial behavior in middle childhood: The role of emotion regulation. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 225:105534. [PMID: 36030640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of research on the development of prosocial behavior in middle childhood. The current study addressed this gap through the application of attachment theory; attachment security has been shown to promote prosocial behavior in early childhood, and emotion regulation may be an important intervening variable in this association. A sample of 199 children (aged 6-12 years) reported on their attachment internal working models for the mother-child and father-child relationships, parents reported on child emotion regulation and emotional lability/dysregulation, and children completed a sticker donation task to assess their prosocial behavior. Child emotional lability/dysregulation served as an intervening variable in the association between father-child attachment security (communication and trust) and greater sticker donation. Mother-child and father-child attachment security was also associated with child emotion regulation, but emotion regulation was not associated with sticker donation. Findings suggest that secure attachment may foster prosocial behavior toward peers in middle childhood primarily by reducing dysregulated responses to the distress of others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Rawn
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Yoo J. Art Play with Daddy: Father-Child Play with Art Materials at Home. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION JOURNAL 2022; 52:1-12. [PMID: 36373062 PMCID: PMC9638360 DOI: 10.1007/s10643-022-01411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Paternal involvement in household and childcare has increased over the past century, but global studies show that most mothers still remain responsible for a significantly higher proportion of total household care and childcare. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has further negatively impacted mothers, who take on the majority of childcare responsibilities. However, scholars agree that a father's devotion to playing with the child fosters the child's cognitive, linguistic, and socio-emotional development. Acknowledging and approaching art as a dynamic and integrated play, this qualitative case study investigates five South Korean father-child dyads and their interactions while playing with art materials. The participants engaged in three thematic art sessions designed by the author. Data collection involved audio and video recordings of each session, surveys of adult participants, and photos of finished artworks. The study found that fathers' varied educational backgrounds and perceptions of their abilities to facilitate arts learning influenced their confidence in teaching the arts at home. Furthermore, having a theme and prompting questions assisted the fathers to facilitate more focused art play. The art play also provided the father-child dyads with arts learning opportunities, including learning and distinguishing colors and recognizing stereotypes associated with colors. Moreover, one-on-one interaction between the dyads helped them build a more intimate bond. This study presents specific examples of art activities and participants' responses, which might offer insights and educational implications for paternal involvement in child play and thematic art play at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Yoo
- Seoul National University of Education (Graduate School of Education), Seoul, South Korea
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Fanelli E, Profeta P. Fathers' Involvement in the Family, Fertility, and Maternal Employment: Evidence From Central and Eastern Europe. Demography 2021; 58:1931-1954. [PMID: 34369567 PMCID: PMC9807283 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-9411306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
For a sample of Central and Eastern European countries, characterized by historically high female labor force participation and currently low fertility rates, we analyze whether fathers' increased involvement in the family (housework and childcare) has the potential of increasing both fertility and maternal employment. Using two waves of the Generations and Gender Survey, we show that more paternal involvement in the family increases the likelihood that the mother will have a second child and work full-time. Men's fertility and work decisions are instead unrelated to mothers' housework and childcare. We also show that fathers' involvement in housework plays a more important role than involvement in childcare. The role of fathers' involvement in housework is confirmed when we consider women who initially wanted or intended to have a child, whose partner also wanted a child, or who intended to continue working.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Fanelli
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; PSTC (Population Studies and Training Center), Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Paola Profeta
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy; AXA Research Lab on Gender Equality, Dondena (Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy), Milan, Italy
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Ochi M, Fujiwara T. Paternal childcare in early childhood and problematic behavior in children: a population-based prospective study in Japan. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:397. [PMID: 34507526 PMCID: PMC8431892 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been numerous reports on the effects of paternal childcare on children's behavioral development. However, little is known about these effects in Asian countries such as Japan, where fathers do not have sufficient time for childcare due to long working hours. This study explored the association between paternal childcare during toddlerhood in terms of childcare hours and the type of caregiving behavior and subsequent behavioral problems in children aged 5.5 years, stratified by sex. METHODS We analyzed data from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the twenty-first Century (2001-2006), a population-based cohort survey in Japan (N = 27,870). Paternal childcare was assessed at 18 months in terms of paternal childcare hours on weekdays or weekends and the frequency of each type of childcare (feeding, changing diapers, bathing, putting the child to sleep, playing with the child at home, and taking the child outside). Based on the frequency or lack of paternal involvement, six categories of child behavioral problems were assessed when the children were 5.5 years old. Logistic regression analysis was applied to account for the known confounding variables. RESULTS Longer paternal childcare hours, on both weekdays and weekends in toddlerhood, had a protective effect on behavioral problems at 5.5 years of age. The dose-effect relationships were found between the frequency of fathers taking their children outside and behavioral problems in boys, and the frequency of fathers playing with their children at home and behavioral problems in both boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS Paternal childcare during toddlerhood could prevent subsequent behavioral problems in children. Several specific paternal caregiving behaviors, such as taking their children outside and playing with them at home, may play an important role in preventing subsequent behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Ochi
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako City, Saitama, Japan.
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Robinson EL, StGeorge J, Freeman EE. A Systematic Review of Father-Child Play Interactions and the Impacts on Child Development. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:389. [PMID: 34068176 PMCID: PMC8153002 DOI: 10.3390/children8050389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Father-child play engagement has been linked to a variety of child developmental outcomes. However, the most prevalent types of play and child developmental outcomes utilised in research remains unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on father-child play interactions and the association with child developmental outcomes for children aged 0-10 years. Database searches generated 1622 abstracts that matched the specified search criteria. Abstract screening and full-text review resulted in 39 included publications. The systematic review revealed that while some paternal play behaviours resulted in different impacts across play types, others reported similar impacts. The findings of this review have implications for potential interventions and parenting resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer StGeorge
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Emily Elsa Freeman
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
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Haux T, Platt L. Fathers' Involvement with Their Children Before and After Separation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2021; 37:151-177. [PMID: 33597838 PMCID: PMC7865041 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-020-09563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes in fathering over the last decades have led to substantially more involvement of fathers in their children's upbringing. At the same time, high rates of parental separation and subsequent loss of contact fuel concern about separated fathers' role in their children's lives. Underlying such concern is the assumption that separation represents a discontinuity in fathers' parenting. This paper investigates whether fathers' pre- and post-separation paternal involvement is linked: are fathers with lower levels of contact after separation those who were less involved fathers when co-resident? To answer this question, we draw on a nationally representative UK longitudinal study of children born in 2000-2001 to interrogate the links between fathering before and after separation for 2107 fathers, who separated from their child's mother before the child was age 11. We show that fathers who were more involved parents prior to separation tend to have more frequent contact after separation, adjusting for other paternal and family characteristics. The size of this association between pre- and post-separation fathering is, however, modest, and even among more involved fathers, intensity of contact declines over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Haux
- School of Social Policy, Sociology, and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NZ UK
| | - Lucinda Platt
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE UK
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Paternal influences from early pregnancy to postpartum years on child development: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2020; 275:23-30. [PMID: 32658819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although an array of maternal and child-centered risks have been researched, considerably less is known about the effects of paternal influences on child's birth outcomes and early development. This longitudinal study thus examined the effects of paternal influences (parental stress, partner support, childcare and nursing, and father-child interaction) from early pregnancy to 2 years postpartum on pregnancy outcomes and toddlerhood development, with a simultaneous consideration of maternal depression. METHODS Pregnant women together with their partners were recruited from 2011 to 2016 at five selected hospitals in Taipei, Taiwan. In total, 440 families completed seven assessments from early pregnancy to 2 years postpartum. Self-reported data were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS The increment in parental stress from early to late pregnancy was independently and significantly associated with higher risks of low birthweight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-27.7). In the postpartum years, paternal poorer childcare and nursing (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0-3.0) and father-child interaction (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2-2.9) were significantly associated with increased risks of child's suspected developmental delay up to 2 years postpartum, particularly among children of nondepressed mothers' children. LIMITATIONS Selecting both parents in metropolitan areas with higher socioeconomic status may compromise the generalizability of the study. CONCLUSIONS We suggested the essential role of longitudinal paternal influences from early pregnancy on birth outcomes and child's development during infancy and toddlerhood. Maternal depression remains critical to concern.
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Funk T, Källander K, Abebe A, Alfvén T, Alvesson HM. 'I also take part in caring for the sick child': a qualitative study on fathers' roles and responsibilities in seeking care for children in Southwest Ethiopia. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038932. [PMID: 32819953 PMCID: PMC7440706 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fathers play an important role in household decision-making processes and child health development. Nevertheless, they are under-represented in child health research, especially in low-income settings. Little is known about what roles fathers play in the care-seeking processes or how they interact with the health system when their child is sick. This study aimed to understand Ethiopian fathers' roles and responsibilities in caring for their children when they are or become ill. DESIGN Qualitative study using semistructured interviews with fathers. SETTING This study was conducted in three rural districts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region of Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four fathers who had at least one child between 2 and 59 months who visited a health extension worker with fever. RESULTS The overarching theme of this study was 'changing perceptions of paternal responsibilities during children's ill health'. It constituted three subthemes, namely, 'fathers' burden of earning money for care', 'fatherhood entails advocating children's healthcare needs' and 'investing in children's health can benefit the family in the future'. Fathers described that they were the ones mainly responsible for the financial arrangement of care and that this financial responsibility can involve stress when resources are scarce. Fathers knew what health services were available and accessible to them and were involved in different ways in the care seeking of the child. Changes in the importance ascribed to child health were expressed by fathers who described being more alert to children's ill-health. CONCLUSION Fathers play various roles in the care-seeking process during children's illness episodes. This included, for instance, arranging resources to seek care, (co)-deciding where to seek care as well as accompanying the child to the health facility. The inability to organise necessary resources for care can lead to involuntary delays in care seeking for the child. This demonstrates the importance of including fathers in future interventions on maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjede Funk
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Tobias Alfvén
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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dos Santos CS, Picoito J, Nunes C, Loureiro I. Early Individual and Family Predictors of Weight Trajectories From Early Childhood to Adolescence: Results From the Millennium Cohort Study. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:417. [PMID: 32850533 PMCID: PMC7431491 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early infancy and childhood are critical periods in the establishment of lifelong weight trajectories. Parents and early family environment have a strong effect on children's health behaviors that track into adolescence, influencing lifelong risk of obesity. Objective: We aimed to identify developmental trajectories of body mass index (BMI) from early childhood to adolescence and to assess their early individual and family predictors. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study and included 17,165 children. Weight trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modeling based on age- and gender-specific BMI Z-scores, followed by a bias-adjusted regression analysis. Results: We found four BMI trajectories: Weight Loss (69%), Early Weight Gain (24%), Early Obesity (3.7%), and Late Weight Gain (3.3%). Weight trajectories were mainly settled by early adolescence. Lack of sleep and eating routines, low emotional self-regulation, child-parent conflict, and low child-parent closeness in early childhood were significantly associated with unhealthy weight trajectories, alongside poverty, low maternal education, maternal obesity, and prematurity. Conclusions: Unhealthy BMI trajectories were defined in early and middle-childhood, and disproportionally affected children from disadvantaged families. This study further points out that household routines, self-regulation, and child-parent relationship are possible areas for family-based obesity prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constança Soares dos Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, Covilha, Portugal
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Picoito
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Loureiro
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ahmadzadeh YI, Lester KJ, Oliver BR, McAdams TA. The Parent Play Questionnaire: Development of a parent questionnaire to assess parent–child play and digital media use. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin I. Ahmadzadeh
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London London UK
| | | | - Bonamy R. Oliver
- Department of Psychology Goldsmiths, University of London London UK
| | - Tom A. McAdams
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London London UK
- Promenta Research Centre University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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deMontigny F, Gervais C, Pierce T, Lavigne G. Perceived Paternal Involvement, Relationship Satisfaction, Mothers' Mental Health and Parenting Stress: A Multi-Sample Path Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:578682. [PMID: 33240130 PMCID: PMC7667046 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has demonstrated the short- and long-term impacts of maternal mental health and well-being on children's emotional and behavioral outcomes. It is thus important to better understand the antecedents of maternal depression and stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether the contribution of perceived paternal involvement to account for mothers' depression and parental stress was mediated by relationship factors such as parenting alliance and dyadic adjustment. A second aim was to determine whether these relationships hold equally true in mothers of infants and young toddlers (0-24 months) and mothers of older children (25 months and older). Cross-sectional data were collected from 447 mothers. Mothers reported on their perceptions of paternal involvement with childcare responsibilities, dyadic adjustment, parenting alliance, parenting stress, and depression. Multi-sample path modeling analyses were conducted. Results revealed that perceived paternal involvement was positively related to both dyadic adjustment and parental alliance, that parenting alliance was negatively related to all three subscales of parenting stress and mothers' depression but that dyadic adjustment was negatively related to parenting distress (one subscale of parenting stress) and mothers' depression. Results from the multi-sample analyses indicated that the pattern of relationships was the same in the two groups, but that the model was not invariant. The most notable difference was that parenting alliance did not significantly account for depression in the mothers of younger children. Correlates of maternal mental health and well-being identified in this study could be useful when designing psychological interventions for mothers and fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine deMontigny
- Laboratory at the Heart of Families, Department of Nursing Science, Center of Research and Studies in Family Intervention, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Gervais
- Laboratory at the Heart of Families, Department of Nursing Science, Center of Research and Studies in Family Intervention, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Tamarha Pierce
- Department of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lavigne
- Center of Research and Studies in Family Intervention, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
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15
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Azuine RE, Singh GK. Father's Health Status and Inequalities in Physical and Mental Health of U.S. Children: A Population-Based Study. Health Equity 2019; 3:495-503. [PMID: 31608314 PMCID: PMC6786338 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2019.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Father-and-child-health risk relationship is poorly studied and understood. We examine the impact of father's physical and mental health status and sociodemographic characteristics on the physical and mental outcomes of U.S. children 0–17 years of age. Methods: The 2011–2012 National Survey of Children's Health (N=75,879) was analyzed to estimate prevalence and odds of poor physical and mental health among children according to father's physical and mental health status and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Overall, 3.2% of U.S. children had poor physical health; and 6.0% of U.S. children had emotional or behavioral problems. The adjusted odds of having poor overall health was 3.1 times higher among children of fathers with poor overall health. Children of fathers with poor mental health had 2.6 times higher adjusted odds of having poor mental health. Discussion: Results underscore the significant role of fathers in the physical and mental well-being of children. Engaging fathers in child health may provide a potential opportunity to reduce mental and emotional health problems among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuladus E Azuine
- Division of Research, Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Gopal K Singh
- Office of Health Equity, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
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16
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Hispanic Immigrant Father Involvement with Young Children in the United States: A Comparison with US-Born Hispanic and White non-Hispanic Fathers. Matern Child Health J 2019; 22:1118-1126. [PMID: 29445979 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Fathering is known to foster child development and health, yet evidence on Hispanic immigrant fathers' involvement with their young children is sparse. This study assessed disparities in pregnancy intendedness and father involvement with children ages 0-4 among Hispanic immigrant co-resident fathers versus two reference groups: US-born Hispanic and US-born White fathers. We hypothesized that differentials in involvement were associated with socioeconomic and cultural factors. Methods Using 2011-2013 data from the National Survey of Family Growth (N = 598), we performed bivariate, logistic and linear regression analyses to assess disparities in pregnancy intendedness and five father involvement outcomes (physical care, warmth, outings, reading and discipline). The models controlled for socio-economic, structural, health and cultural covariates. Results Pregnancy intendedness did not differ significantly between Hispanic immigrant fathers and the two reference groups. Compared with US-born Hispanics, unadjusted models showed that immigrant fathers were less likely to engage in physical care, warmth and reading, (p ≤ 0.05) though the differences were attenuated when controlling for covariates. Hispanic immigrant fathers were less likely than US-born White fathers to engage in each of the father involvement outcomes (p ≤ 0.05), with the disparity in reading to their child persisting even after controlling for all covariates. Conclusions for Practice We found marked socio-economic and cultural differences between Hispanic immigrant and US-born Hispanic and White fathers which contribute to disparities in father involvement with their young children. Hispanic immigrant status is an important determinant of involved fathering and should be taken into account when planning public health policies and programs.
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17
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Abraham E, Feldman R. The neurobiology of human allomaternal care; implications for fathering, coparenting, and children's social development. Physiol Behav 2018; 193:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Lewis G, Wen S, Pearson RM, Lewis G. The association between paternal depressogenic cognitive styles during pregnancy and offspring depressogenic cognitive styles: an 18-year prospective cohort study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:604-614. [PMID: 29171666 PMCID: PMC5947551 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing the development of depressogenic or negative cognitive styles could also prevent the development of depression, a leading public health problem worldwide. Maternal negative cognitive styles are a modifiable risk factor for the development of negative cognitive styles in offspring. However, evidence on the role of paternal negative cognitive styles is inconclusive and there have only been a few small studies, which may also have lacked statistical power. METHODS We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to investigate the association between paternal negative cognitive styles, measured when mothers were 18 weeks pregnant, and offspring negative cognitive styles 18 years later (N = 6,123). Associations were calculated using linear regression models, before and after adjustment for confounders including maternal negative cognitive styles. We compared associations before and after controlling for depression in parents and offspring, and used multiple imputation to reduce biases that may have arisen due to missing data. RESULTS A two-standard deviation increase in paternal negative cognitive style was associated with a 3-point increase in offspring negative cognitive style (95% CI 1.36-4.37). This association remained after adjustment for confounders and was independent of depression in both parents and offspring. The effect size was equivalent to that of maternal negative cognitive style, and was also independent of maternal negative cognitive style. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that fathers should be included in individual- and family-based interventions designed to prevent the development of depressogenic cognitive styles in adolescent offspring. This could possibly also prevent the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Lewis
- Division of PsychiatryFaculty of Brain SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Siying Wen
- Division of PsychiatryFaculty of Brain SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of PsychiatryFaculty of Brain SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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19
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Buston K. Recruiting, Retaining and Engaging Men in Social Interventions: Lessons for Implementation Focusing on a Prison-based Parenting Intervention for Young Incarcerated Fathers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 24:164-180. [PMID: 29503596 PMCID: PMC5815301 DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2017.1420034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recruiting, retaining and engaging men in social interventions can be challenging. The focus of this paper is the successful implementation of a parenting programme for incarcerated fathers, delivered in a Young Offender Institution (YOI) in Scotland. Reasons for high levels of recruitment, retention and engagement are explored, with barriers identified. A qualitative design was employed using ethnographic approaches including participant observation of the programme, informal interactions, and formal interviews with programme participants, the facilitators and others involved in managing the programme. Framework analysis was conducted on the integrated data set. The prison as the setting for programme delivery was both an opportunity and a challenge. It enabled easy access to participants and required low levels of effort on their part to attend. The creation of a nurturing and safe environment within the prison classroom facilitated engagement: relationships between the facilitators and participants, and between the participants themselves were key to understanding high levels of retention and engagement. The most fundamental challenge to high engagement levels arose from clashes in embedded institutional ways of working, between the host institution and the organisation experienced in delivering such intervention work. This threatened to compromise trust between the participants and the facilitators. Whilst adding specifically to the very sparse literature on reaching incarcerated young fathers and engaging them in parenting work, the findings have transferability to other under-researched areas: the implementation of social interventions generally in the prison setting, and engaging marginalised fathers in parenting/family work in community settings. The paper highlights ways of overcoming some of the challenges faced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Buston
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Lewis G, Neary M, Polek E, Flouri E, Lewis G. The association between paternal and adolescent depressive symptoms: evidence from two population-based cohorts. Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4:920-926. [PMID: 29153626 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of depression increases markedly around age 13 years, and nearly three-quarters of adults report that their mental health problems started in adolescence. Although maternal depression is a risk factor for adolescent depression, evidence about the association between paternal and adolescent depression is inconclusive, and many studies have methodological limitations. We aimed to assess the association between paternal and adolescent depressive symptoms in two large population-based cohort studies. METHODS We used data for two-parent families from two representative prospective cohorts in Ireland (Growing up in Ireland [GUI]) and the UK (Millennium Cohort Study [MCS]). Parental depressive symptoms were measured with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale in the GUI cohort when children were 9 years old, and the Kessler six-item psychological distress scale in the MCS cohort when children were 7 years old. Adolescent depressive symptoms were measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) at age 13 years in the GUI cohort and age 14 years in the MCS cohort. We analysed data using linear regression models, before and after adjustment for confounders, in both multiply imputed and complete case samples. FINDINGS There were 6070 families in GUI and 7768 in MCS. After all adjustments, a 1 SD (three-point) increase in paternal depressive symptoms was associated with an increase of 0·24 SMFQ points (95% CI 0·03-0·45; p=0·023) in the GUI cohort and 0·18 SMFQ points (0·01-0·36; p=0·041) in the MCS cohort. This association was independent of, and not different in magnitude to, the association between maternal and adolescent depressive symptoms (Wald test p=0·435 in the GUI cohort and 0·470 in the MCS cohort). INTERPRETATION Our results show an association between depressive symptoms in fathers and depressive symptoms in their adolescent offspring. These findings support the involvement of fathers as well as mothers in early interventions to reduce the prevalence of adolescent depression, and highlight the importance of treating depression in both parents. FUNDING Department of Children and Youth Affairs and Economic and Social Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Martha Neary
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ela Polek
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eirini Flouri
- UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Psychogiou L, Moberly NJ, Parry E, Nath S, Kallitsoglou A, Russell G. Parental depressive symptoms, children's emotional and behavioural problems, and parents' expressed emotion-Critical and positive comments. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183546. [PMID: 29045440 PMCID: PMC5646775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined whether mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms predict, independently and interactively, children's emotional and behavioural problems. It also examined bi-directional associations between parents' expressed emotion constituents (parents' child-directed positive and critical comments) and children's emotional and behavioural problems. At time 1, the sample consisted of 160 families in which 50 mothers and 40 fathers had depression according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Children's mean age at Time 1 was 3.9 years (SD = 0.8). Families (n = 106) were followed up approximately 16 months later (Time 2). Expressed emotion constituents were assessed using the Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample. In total, 144 mothers and 158 fathers at Time 1 and 93 mothers and 105 fathers at Time 2 provided speech samples. Fathers' depressive symptoms were concurrently associated with more child emotional problems when mothers had higher levels of depressive symptoms. When controlling for important confounders (children's gender, baseline problems, mothers' depressive symptoms and parents' education and age), fathers' depressive symptoms independently predicted higher levels of emotional and behavioural problems in their children over time. There was limited evidence for a bi-directional relationship between fathers' positive comments and change in children's behavioural problems over time. Unexpectedly, there were no bi-directional associations between parents' critical comments and children's outcomes. We conclude that the study provides evidence to support a whole family approach to prevention and intervention strategies for children's mental health and parental depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Parry
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Selina Nath
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ginny Russell
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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22
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Opondo C, Redshaw M, Quigley MA. Association between father involvement and attitudes in early child-rearing and depressive symptoms in the pre-adolescent period in a UK birth cohort. J Affect Disord 2017; 221:115-122. [PMID: 28646709 PMCID: PMC5523941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of the research on parenting and its influence on child development has emphasised the mother's role. However, increasing evidence highlights the important role of fathers in the development, health and well-being of their children. We sought to explore the association between paternal involvement in early child-rearing and depressive symptoms in 9 and 11 year-old children. METHODS We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort recruited in the southwest of England. The outcome was depressive symptoms measured using the short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (sMFQ) score. The main exposure was father involvement measured through factor analysis of fathers' responses on their participation in, understanding of, and feelings about their child's early upbringing. Scores on factor 1 measured fathers' emotional response to the child; scores on factor 2 measured the frequency of father involvement in domestic and childcare activities; scores on factor 3 measured fathers' feelings of security in their role as parent and partner. RESULTS Children of fathers with high scores on factors 1 and 3 had 13% (OR 0.87, 95%CI 0.77-0.98, p = 0.024) and 9% (OR 0.91, 95%CI 0.80-1.03, p = 0.129) respectively lower adjusted odds of depressive symptoms at 9 and 11 years. For factor 2, there was weak evidence of a 17% increase in odds of depressive symptoms associated with 1 unit higher factor scores at both ages (OR 1.17, 95%CI 1.00-1.37, p = 0.050). LIMITATIONS In these observational data, the possibility of residual confounding in the association between the exposure and the outcome cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSION Positive psychological and emotional aspects of father involvement in children's early upbringing, but not the quantity of direct involvement in childcare, may protect children against developing symptoms of depression in their pre-teen years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Opondo
- Policy Research Unit in Maternal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
| | - Maggie Redshaw
- Policy Research Unit in Maternal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A Quigley
- Policy Research Unit in Maternal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
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23
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Barker B, Iles JE, Ramchandani PG. Fathers, fathering and child psychopathology. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 15:87-92. [PMID: 28813276 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The last few years have seen a steady increase in research addressing the potential influence of fathers on their children's development. There has also been a clearer acknowledgement of the need to study families as a complex system, rather than just focusing on individual aspects of functioning in one or other parent. Increased father involvement and more engaged styles of father-infant interactions are associated with more positive outcomes for children. Studies of paternal depression and other psychopathology have begun to elucidate some of the key mechanisms by which fathers can influence their children's development. These lessons are now being incorporated into thinking about engaging both mothers and fathers in effective interventions to optimise their children's health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Barker
- Imperial College London, Centre for Psychiatry, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jane E Iles
- Imperial College London, Centre for Psychiatry, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paul G Ramchandani
- Imperial College London, Centre for Psychiatry, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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