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Nezis I, Biskos G, Eleftheriadis K, Fetfatzis P, Popovicheva O, Kalantzi OI. Indoor and outdoor air quality in street corner kiosks in a large metropolitan area. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31340. [PMID: 38813153 PMCID: PMC11133902 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor air quality in workplaces constitutes a great concern on human health as a good fraction of our time is spent at work. In Greece, very unique workplaces are the street corner kiosks, which are freestanding boxes placed on sidewalks next to city streets and vehicular traffic, where one can find many consumer goods. As such, its employees are exposed to both outdoor and indoor air pollutants. Very few studies have examined the occupational exposure of kiosk workers to air pollutants, and thus the magnitude of this unique indoor and outdoor exposure remains unknown. The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the levels of indoor and outdoor particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), ultrafine particles (UFPs) and black carbon (BC) in different kiosks located in Athens, Greece, in urban-traffic and urban-background environments. Continuous measurements of the above-mentioned pollutants were carried out on a 24-h basis over 7 consecutive days at three kiosks from September to October 2019. Indoor PM10 concentrations in the urban kiosk ranged from 19.0 to 44.0 μg/m3, PM2.5 values ranged from 14.0 to 33.0 μg/m3, whereas BC concentrations ranged from 1.2 to 7.0 μg/m3 and UFPs from almost 9.5 to 47.0 × 103 pt/cm3. Outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 measurements ranged from 29.0 to 59.0 μg/m3 and from 22.0 to 39.0 μg/m3, respectively. BC outdoor concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 2.2 μg/m3. The mean hazard quotient (HQ) for PM10 (4.9) and PM2.5 (4.7) among all participants was >1. The health risk of exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 was found to be at moderate hazard levels, although in some cases we observed HQ values higher than 10 due to high PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in the kiosks. Overall our study indicates that people working at kiosks can be exposed to very high concentrations on particulate pollution depending on a number of factors including the traffic that strongly depends on location and the time of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Nezis
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - George Biskos
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, 2121, Cyprus
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628-CN, the Netherlands
| | | | - Prodromos Fetfatzis
- Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, 15310, Ag. Paraskevi, Greece
- Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West Attica, 12243, Egaleo- Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Popovicheva
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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da Motta Singer J, Saldiva de André CD, Afonso de André P, Monteiro Rocha FM, Waked D, Vaz AM, Gois GF, de Fátima Andrade M, Veras MM, Nascimento Saldiva PH, Barrozo LV. Assessing socioeconomic bias of exposure to urban air pollution: an autopsy-based study in São Paulo, Brazil. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 22:100500. [PMID: 37187677 PMCID: PMC10176049 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The characterisation of individual exposure to air pollution in urban scenarios is a challenge in environmental epidemiological studies. We investigated if the city's pollution monitoring stations over or underestimate the exposure of individuals depending on their socioeconomic conditions and daily commuting times. Methods The amount of black carbon accumulated in the lungs of 604 deceased who underwent autopsy in São Paulo was considered as a proxy for PM10. The concentrations of PM10 in the residence of the deceased were estimated by interpolating an ordinary kriging model. These two-exposure metrics allowed us to construct an environmental exposure misclassification index ranging from -1 to 1. The association between the index and daily commuting, socioeconomic context index (GeoSES), and street density as predictors was assessed by means of a multilevel linear regression model. Findings With a decrease of 0.1 units in GeoSES, the index increases, on average, by 0.028 units and with an increase of 1 h in daily commuting, the index increases, on average, by 0.022 units indicating that individual exposure to air pollution is underestimated in the lower GeoSES and in people with many hours spent in daily commuting. Interpretation Reduction of health consequences of air pollution demands not only alternative fuel and more efficient mobility strategies, but also should include profound rethink of cities. Funding São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-13/21728-2) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-304126/2015-2, 401825/2020-5).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Afonso de André
- Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- INSPER Institute of Education and Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dunia Waked
- Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria de Fátima Andrade
- Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ligia Vizeu Barrozo
- School of Philosophy, Literature and Human Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Corresponding author. School of Philosophy, Literature and Human Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Department of Geography, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 338, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Assessment of Factors Influencing Personal Exposure to Air Pollution on Main Roads in Bogota: A Mixed-Method Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081125. [PMID: 36013592 PMCID: PMC9416028 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Particulate Matter (PM), particles of variable but small diameter can penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing respiratory and/or cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to evaluate the association of environmental particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) with respiratory health in users of different transport modes in four roads in Bogotá. Materials and Methods: this was a mixed-method study (including a cross sectional study and a qualitative description of the air quality perception), in 300 healthy participants, based on an exploratory sequential design. The respiratory effect was measured comparing the changes between pre- and post-spirometry. The PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured using portable devices. Inhaled doses were also calculated for each participant according to the mode and route. Perception was approached through semi-structured interviews. The analysis included multivariate models and concurrent triangulation. Results: The concentration of matter and black carbon were greater in bus users (median 50.67 µg m-3; interquartile range (-IR): 306.7). We found greater inhaled dosages of air pollutants among bike users (16.41 µg m-3). We did not find changes in the spirometry parameter associated with air pollutants or transport modes. The participants reported a major sensory influence at the visual and olfactory level as perception of bad air quality. Conclusions: We observed greater inhaled doses among active transport users. Nevertheless, no pathological changes were identified in the spirometry parameters. People's perceptions are a preponderant element in the assessment of air quality.
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Sousa AC, Pastorinho MR, Masjedi MR, Urrutia-Pereira M, Arrais M, Nunes E, To T, Ferreira AJ, Robalo-Cordeiro C, Borrego C, Teixeira JP, Taborda-Barata L. Issue 1 - "Update on adverse respiratory effects of outdoor air pollution" Part 2): Outdoor air pollution and respiratory diseases: Perspectives from Angola, Brazil, Canada, Iran, Mozambique and Portugal. Pulmonology 2022; 28:376-395. [PMID: 35568650 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the GARD perspective on the health effects of outdoor air pollution, and to synthesise the Portuguese epidemiological contribution to knowledge on its respiratory impact. RESULTS Ambient air pollution has deleterious respiratory effects which are more apparent in larger, densely populated and industrialised countries, such as Canada, Iran, Brazil and Portugal, but it also affects people living in low-level exposure areas. While low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are particularly affected, evidence based on epidemiological studies from LMICs is both limited and heterogeneous. While nationally, Portugal has a relatively low level of air pollution, many major cities face with substantial air pollution problems. Time series and cross-sectional epidemiological studies have suggested increased respiratory hospital admissions, and increased risk of respiratory diseases in people who live in urban areas and are exposed to even a relatively low level of air pollution. CONCLUSIONS Adverse respiratory effects due to air pollution, even at low levels, have been confirmed by epidemiological studies. However, evidence from LMICs is heterogeneous and relatively limited. Furthermore, longitudinal cohort studies designed to study and quantify the link between exposure to air pollutants and respiratory diseases are needed. Worldwide, an integrated approach must involve multi-level stakeholders including governments (in Portugal, the Portuguese Ministry of Health, which hosts GARD-Portugal), academia, health professionals, scientific societies, patient associations and the community at large. Such an approach not only will garner a robust commitment, establish strong advocacy and clear objectives, and raise greater awareness, it will also support a strategy with adequate measures to be implemented to achieve better air quality and reduce the burden of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Sousa
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) and Department of Biology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, Évora 7002-554, Portugal; NuESA-Health and Environment Study Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã 6200-506, Portugal
| | - M R Pastorinho
- NuESA-Health and Environment Study Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã 6200-506, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Évora, Colégio Luís António Verney, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, Évora 7000-671, Portugal
| | - M R Masjedi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 7th Floor, Bldg n 2, SBUMS, Arabi Avenue, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - M Urrutia-Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 585, Caixa Postal 118, Uruguaiana (RS) CEP 97501-970, Brazil
| | - M Arrais
- Department of Pulmonology, Military Hospital, Rua 17 de Setembro, 27/29, Cidade Alta, Luanda, Angola; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola - CISA, Caxito, Bengo, Angola
| | - E Nunes
- Department of Pulmonology, Central Hospital of Maputo, Agostinho Neto, 64, Maputo 1100, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Avenida Dr. Salvador Allende, Caixa Postal 257, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - T To
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1 × 8, Canada
| | - A J Ferreira
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra 3004-561, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - C Robalo-Cordeiro
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra 3004-561, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - C Borrego
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; IDAD - Instituto do Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - J P Teixeira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, Porto 4050-091, Portugal; Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, Porto 4000-055, Portugal
| | - L Taborda-Barata
- NuESA-Health and Environment Study Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã 6200-506, Portugal; UBIAir-Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre, UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, EM506 Covilhã 6200-000, Portugal; CICS-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã 6200-506, Portugal.
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Optical Fiber Fabry–Perot Interferometer Based Spirometer: Design and Performance Evaluation. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8080336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spirometry enables the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this paper, we present an optical fiber-based device to evaluate the pulmonary capacity of individuals through spirometry. The proposed system consists of an optical fiber containing an intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) micro-cavity attached to a 3D printed structure that converts the air flow into strain variations to the optical fiber, modulating the FPI spectral response. Besides providing the value of the flow, its direction is also determined, which enables a differentiation between inhale and exhale cycles of breathing. A simulation study was conducted to predict the system behavior with the air flow. The preliminary tests, performed with the FPI-based spirometer led to average values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) parameters of 4.40 L and 6.46 L, respectively, with an FEV1/FVC index (used as an airway function index) of 68.5%. An average value of 5.35 L/s was found for the peak expiratory flow (PEF). A comparison between the spirometry tests using the presented FPI system and a commercial electronic device showed that the proposed system is suitable to act as a reliable spirometer.
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Seposo X, Arcilla ALA, De Guzman JGN, Dizon EMS, Figuracion ANR, Morales CMM, Tugonon PKA, Apostol GLC. Ambient air quality and the risk for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Metro Manila Development Authority traffic enforcers in Metro Manila: An exploratory study. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2021; 7:117-124. [PMID: 34136771 PMCID: PMC8180521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution and poor ambient air quality are significantly related to multiple health risks. One associated disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a preventable disease with several contributing factors and one of the leading causes of morbidity/mortality locally and globally. A potentially high-risk population are traffic enforcers who are constantly exposed to air pollution. In the Philippines, the MMDA has the widest coverage in traffic management. The study determined the risk of COPD among Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) traffic enforcers in relation to ambient air quality level, as well as identified other factors that increase the risk of developing COPD. Methods Fifty-two MMDA traffic enforcers deployed in PM2.5 air quality sensor areas in Metro Manila from 2016 to 2018 were recruited through stratified sampling. The International Primary Airways Guidelines (IPAG) questionnaire was utilized to measure risk of COPD. Respiratory health and working history were obtained through questionnaires. Department of environment and natural resources provided PM2.5 ambient air quality data which aided in the construction of the Exposure-Month Index. Ordinal logistic regression was used to examine the association of PM2.5 together with the relevant factors and the risk of COPD. Results We found statistically significant associations between PM2.5 and COPD among high risk category [odds risk (OR): 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.44]. Age (Moderate, OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.98-1.38 and High, OR: 10.06, 95% CI: 4.02-25.17) and chest pain (Moderate, OR: 68.65, 95% CI: 1.71-2.75 × 103) were potential risk factors, whereas body mass index (BMI) (OR: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01-0.53) exhibited protective effect. Conclusions Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of COPD among high-risk category MMDA traffic enforcers. Age and chest pain were potential risk factors to risk of COPD, whereas BMI exhibited a potential protective effect. Results of this study can be used for clinical management of high-risk populations, such that of MMDA traffic enforcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xerxes Seposo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Don Eugenio Lopez Sr. Medical Complex Ortigas Avenue 1604, Pasig City, Philippines.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamot1-12-4 Sakamotoo, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Audrey Lynn A Arcilla
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Don Eugenio Lopez Sr. Medical Complex Ortigas Avenue 1604, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Jose Guillermo N De Guzman
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Don Eugenio Lopez Sr. Medical Complex Ortigas Avenue 1604, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Enrico Miguel S Dizon
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Don Eugenio Lopez Sr. Medical Complex Ortigas Avenue 1604, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Andrea Nova R Figuracion
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Don Eugenio Lopez Sr. Medical Complex Ortigas Avenue 1604, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Christina Micaela M Morales
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Don Eugenio Lopez Sr. Medical Complex Ortigas Avenue 1604, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Pauleena Katriona A Tugonon
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Don Eugenio Lopez Sr. Medical Complex Ortigas Avenue 1604, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Geminn Louis C Apostol
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Don Eugenio Lopez Sr. Medical Complex Ortigas Avenue 1604, Pasig City, Philippines
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Santos UDP, Arbex MA, Braga ALF, Mizutani RF, Cançado JED, Terra-Filho M, Chatkin JM. Environmental air pollution: respiratory effects. J Bras Pneumol 2021; 47:e20200267. [PMID: 33567063 PMCID: PMC7889311 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental air pollution is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Environmental air pollution has a direct impact on human health, being responsible for an increase in the incidence of and number of deaths due to cardiopulmonary, neoplastic, and metabolic diseases; it also contributes to global warming and the consequent climate change associated with extreme events and environmental imbalances. In this review, we present articles that show the impact that exposure to different sources and types of air pollutants has on the respiratory system; we present the acute effects-such as increases in symptoms and in the number of emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and deaths-and the chronic effects-such as increases in the incidence of asthma, COPD, and lung cancer, as well as a rapid decline in lung function. The effects of air pollution in more susceptible populations and the effects associated with physical exercise in polluted environments are also presented and discussed. Finally, we present the major studies on the subject conducted in Brazil. Health care and disease prevention services should be aware of this important risk factor in order to counsel more susceptible individuals about protective measures that can facilitate their treatment, as well as promoting the adoption of environmental measures that contribute to the reduction of such emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubiratan de Paula Santos
- . Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor - Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Marcos Abdo Arbex
- . Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Araraquara - UNIARA - Araraquara (SP) Brasil
- . Núcleo de Estudos em Epidemiologia Ambiental, Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental - NEEA-LPAE - Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Alfésio Luis Ferreira Braga
- . Núcleo de Estudos em Epidemiologia Ambiental, Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental - NEEA-LPAE - Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
- . Grupo de Avaliação de Exposição e Risco Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Católica de Santos - UNISANTOS - Santos (SP) Brasil
| | - Rafael Futoshi Mizutani
- . Grupo de Doenças Respiratórias Ambientais, Ocupacionais e de Cessação de Tabagismo, Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor - Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | | | - Mário Terra-Filho
- . Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor - Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - José Miguel Chatkin
- . Disciplina de Medicina Interna/Pneumologia, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
- . Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
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Hachem M, Loizeau M, Saleh N, Momas I, Bensefa-Colas L. Short-term association of in-vehicle ultrafine particles and black carbon concentrations with respiratory health in Parisian taxi drivers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106346. [PMID: 33388565 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professional drivers are exposed inside their vehicles to high levels of air pollutants due to the considerable time they spend close to motor vehicle emissions. Little is known about ultrafine particles (UFP) or black carbon (BC) adverse respiratory health effects compared to the regulated pollutants. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the short-term associations between UFP and BC concentrations inside vehicles and (1) the onset of mucosal irritation and (2) the acute changes in lung function of Parisian taxi drivers during a working day. METHODS An epidemiological study was carried out on 50 taxi drivers in Paris. UFP and BC were measured inside their vehicles with DiSCmini® and microAeth®, respectively. On the same day, the frequency and the severity of nose, eye, and throat irritations were self-reported by each participant and a spirometry test was performed before and after the work shift. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the associations between in-taxis UFP and BC concentrations and mucosal irritation and lung function, after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS In-taxis UFP concentrations ranged from 17.9 to 37.9 × 103 particles/cm3 and BC concentrations from 2.2 to 3.9 μg/m3, during a mean of 9 ± 2 working hours. Significant dose-response relationships were observed between in-taxis UFP concentrations and both nasal irritation and lung function. The increase of in-taxis UFP (for an interquartile range of 20 × 103 particles/cm3) was associated to an increase in nasal irritation (adjusted OR = 6.27 [95% CI: 1.02 to 38.62]) and to a reduction in forced expiratory flow at 25-75% by -7.44% [95% CI: -12.63 to -2.24], forced expiratory volume in one second by -4.46% [95% CI: -6.99 to -1.93] and forced vital capacity by -3.31% [95% CI: -5.82 to -0.80]. Such associations were not found with BC. Incident throat and eye irritations were not related to in-vehicle particles exposure; however, they were associated with outdoor air quality (estimated by the Atmo index) and in-vehicle humidity, respectively. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, our study is the first to show a significant association, within a short-period of time, between in and vehicle UFP exposure and acute respiratory effects in professional drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hachem
- Paris University, CRESS - INSERM UMR_1153, INRAE, HERA team, Paris, France; Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health, Pharmacoepidemiology Surveillance Unit, CERIPH, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Maxime Loizeau
- Paris University, CRESS - INSERM UMR_1153, INRAE, HERA team, Paris, France; Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, APHP. Centre - Paris University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Saleh
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health, Pharmacoepidemiology Surveillance Unit, CERIPH, Fanar, Lebanon; Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health II, INSPECT-LB, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Isabelle Momas
- Paris University, CRESS - INSERM UMR_1153, INRAE, HERA team, Paris, France.
| | - Lynda Bensefa-Colas
- Paris University, CRESS - INSERM UMR_1153, INRAE, HERA team, Paris, France; Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, APHP. Centre - Paris University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Diseases, Paris, France
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Malagon-Rojas JN, Pinzón-Silva DC, Parra EL, Lagos M LF, Toloza-Perez YG, Hernández Florez LJ, Morales Betancourt R, Romero SA, Ríos Cabra AP, Sarmiento OL. Assessment of personal exposure to particulate air pollution in different microenvironments and traveling by several modes of transportation in Bogotá, Colombia: protocol for a mixed-methods study. (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 11:e25690. [PMID: 35099404 PMCID: PMC8845014 DOI: 10.2196/25690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution in most countries exceeds the levels recommended by the World Health Organization, causing up to one-third of deaths due to noncommunicable diseases. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) from mobile sources are the main contaminants. Objective The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5 and BC) in microenvironments according to respiratory health and physical activity in users traveling by different types of transportation in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods A mixed methods study based on a convergent parallel design will be performed with workers and students. The sample will include 350 healthy transport users traveling by different urban transportation modes in three main routes in Bogotá. The study is broken down into two components: (1) a descriptive qualitative component focused on assessing the individual perception of air pollution using semistructured interviews; and (2) a cross-sectional study measuring the individual exposure to PM2.5 and BC using portable instruments (DustTrak and microAeth, respectively), pulmonary function by spirometry, and physical activity with accelerometry. The analysis will include concurrent triangulation and logistic regression. Results The findings will be useful for the conception, design, and decision-making process in the sectors of health and mobility from public, academy, and private perspectives. This study includes personal measurements of PM2.5 and BC during typical trips in the city to assess the exposure to these contaminants in the major roadways in real time. The study further compares the performance of two different lung tests to identify possible short-term respiratory effects. As a limitation, the protocol will include participants from different institutions in the city, which are not necessarily representative of all healthy populations in Bogotá. In this sense, it is not possible to draw causation conclusions. Moreover, a convergent parallel design could be especially problematic concerning integration because such a design often lacks a clear plan for making a connection between the two sets of results, which may not be well connected. Nevertheless, this study adopts a procedure for how to integrate qualitative and quantitative data in the interpretation of the results and a multilevel regression. The time that participants must live in the city will be considered; this will be controlled in the stratified analysis. Another limitation is the wide age range and working status of the participants. Regional pollution levels and episodes (PM2.5) will be handled as confounding variables. The study is currently in the enrollment phase of the participants. Measurements have been made on 300 participants. Pandemic conditions affected the study schedule; however, the results are likely to be obtained by late 2022. Conclusions This study investigates the exposure to air pollutants in microenvironments in Bogotá, Colombia. To our knowledge, this is the first mixed methods study focusing on PM2.5, BC, and respiratory health effects in a city over 2 meters above sea level. This study will provide an integration of air pollution exposure variables and respiratory health effects in different microenvironments. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/25690
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeadran N Malagon-Rojas
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Eliana L Parra
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa F Lagos M
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yesith Guillermo Toloza-Perez
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
- Maestría en Epidemiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Jorge Hernández Florez
- Grupo de Investigación Salud Pública, Educación y Profesionalismo, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sol Angie Romero
- Grupo de Cuidado Cardiorrespiratorio, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana Paola Ríos Cabra
- Grupo de Cuidado Cardiorrespiratorio, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Grupo de Epidemiología EPIANDES, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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10
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Brucker N, do Nascimento SN, Bernardini L, Charão MF, Garcia SC. Biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility in occupational exposure to traffic-related air pollution: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:722-736. [PMID: 31960485 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a well-recognized association between environmental air pollution exposure and several human diseases. However, the relationship between diseases related to occupational air pollution exposure on roads and high levels of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) is less substantiated. Biomarkers are essential tools in environmental and occupational toxicology, and studies on new biomarkers are increasingly relevant due to the need to determine early biomarkers to be assessed in exposure conditions. This review aimed to investigate the main advances in the biomonitoring of subjects occupationally exposed to air pollution, as well as to summarize the biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility. Furthermore, we discuss how biomarkers could be used to complement the current application of methods used to assess occupational exposures to xenobiotics present in air pollution. The databases used in the preparation of this review were PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. Considering the significant deleterious effects on health associated with chronic occupational exposure to xenobiotics, this topic deserves attention. As it is difficult to avoid occupational exposure to TRAPs, biomonitoring should be applied as a strategy to reduce the toxic effects of workplace exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Brucker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Nunes do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Bernardini
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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11
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Leocádio RRV, Segundo AKR, Louzada CF. A Sensor for Spirometric Feedback in Ventilation Maneuvers during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19235095. [PMID: 31766452 PMCID: PMC6929026 DOI: 10.3390/s19235095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes adapting an existing sensor and embedding it on mannequins used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training to accurately measure the amount of air supplied to the lungs during ventilation. Mathematical modeling, calibration, and validation of the sensor along with metrology, statistical inference, and spirometry techniques were used as a base for aquiring scientific knowledge of the system. The system directly measures the variable of interest (air volume) and refers to spirometric techniques in the elaboration of its model. This improves the realism of the dummies during the CPR training, because it estimates, in real-time, not only the volume of air entering in the lungs but also the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume (FEVt) and Medium Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF20–75%). The validation of the sensor achieved results that address the requirements for this application, that is, the error below 3.4% of full scale. During the spirometric tests, the system presented the measurement results of (305 ± 22, 450 ± 23, 603 ± 24, 751 ± 26, 922 ± 27, 1021 ± 30, 1182 ± 33, 1326 ± 36, 1476 ± 37, 1618 ± 45 and 1786 ± 56) × 10−6 m3 for reference values of (300, 450, 600, 750, 900, 1050, 1200, 1350, 1500, 1650 and 1800) × 10−6 m3, respectively. Therefore, considering the spirometry and pressure boundary conditions of the manikin lungs, the system achieves the objective of simulating valid spirometric data for debriefings, that is, there is an agreement between the measurement results when compared to the signal generated by a commercial spirometer (Koko brand). The main advantages that this work presents in relation to the sensors commonly used for this purpose are: (i) the reduced cost, which makes it possible, for the first time, to use a respiratory volume sensor in medical simulators or training dummies; (ii) the direct measurement of air entering the lung using a noninvasive method, which makes it possible to use spirometry parameters to characterize simulated human respiration during the CPR training; and (iii) the measurement of spirometric parameters (FVC, FEVt, and FEF20–75%), in real-time, during the CPR training, to achieve optimal ventilation performance. Therefore, the system developed in this work addresses the minimum requirements for the practice of ventilation in the CPR maneuvers and has great potential in several future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rocha Vieira Leocádio
- Department of Control and Automation Engineering (DECAT), Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Morro do Cruzeiro, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil;
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Clinic (DECPA), Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Morro do Cruzeiro, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-98807-3747
| | - Alan Kardek Rêgo Segundo
- Department of Control and Automation Engineering (DECAT), Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Morro do Cruzeiro, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil;
| | - Cibelle Ferreira Louzada
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Clinic (DECPA), Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Morro do Cruzeiro, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil;
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12
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Rohlman D, Dixon HM, Kincl L, Larkin A, Evoy R, Barton M, Phillips A, Peterson E, Scaffidi C, Herbstman JB, Waters KM, Anderson KA. Development of an environmental health tool linking chemical exposures, physical location and lung function. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:854. [PMID: 31262274 PMCID: PMC6604385 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A challenge in environmental health research is collecting robust data sets to facilitate comparisons between personal chemical exposures, the environment and health outcomes. To address this challenge, the Exposure, Location and lung Function (ELF) tool was designed in collaboration with communities that share environmental health concerns. These concerns centered on respiratory health and ambient air quality. The ELF collects exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), given their association with diminished lung function. Here, we describe the ELF as a novel environmental health assessment tool. METHODS The ELF tool collects chemical exposure for 62 PAHs using passive sampling silicone wristbands, geospatial location data and respiratory lung function measures using a paired hand-held spirometer. The ELF was tested by 10 individuals with mild to moderate asthma for 7 days. Participants wore a wristband each day to collect PAH exposure, carried a cell phone, and performed spirometry daily to collect respiratory health measures. Location data was gathered using the geospatial positioning system technology in an Android cell-phone. RESULTS We detected and quantified 31 PAHs across the study population. PAH exposure data showed spatial and temporal sensitivity within and between participants. Location data was used with existing datasets such as the Toxics Release Inventory and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hazard Mapping System. Respiratory health outcomes were validated using criteria from the American Thoracic Society with 94% of participant data meeting standards. Finally, the ELF was used with a high degree of compliance (> 90%) by community members. CONCLUSIONS The ELF is a novel environmental health assessment tool that allows for personal data collection spanning chemical exposures, location and lung function measures as well as self-reported information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rohlman
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences; Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, 101 Milam Hall, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Holly M. Dixon
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Laurel Kincl
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Andrew Larkin
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Richard Evoy
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Michael Barton
- Superfund Research Program, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Aaron Phillips
- Computing & Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington USA
| | - Elena Peterson
- Computing & Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington USA
| | | | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Kim A. Anderson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
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13
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Edginton S, O'Sullivan DE, King W, Lougheed MD. Effect of outdoor particulate air pollution on FEV 1 in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:583-591. [PMID: 31189694 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acute and long-term exposures to outdoor particulate air pollution on lung function in healthy adults is not well established. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed the relationship of outdoor particulate air pollution and lung function in healthy adults. Studies that contained data on outdoor air particulate matter levels (PM10 or PM2.5) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in healthy adults were eligible for inclusion. Effect estimates, in relation to long-term and acute exposures, were quantified separately using random effects models. A total of 27 effect estimates from 23 studies were included in this review. Acute exposures were typically assessed with PM2.5, while long-term exposures were predominantly represented by PM10 A 10 µg/m3 increase in short-term PM2.5 exposure (days) was associated with a -7.02 mL (95% CI -11.75 to -2.29) change in FEV1 A 10 µg/m3 difference in long-term PM10 exposure was associated with a -8.72 mL (95% CI -15.39 to -2.07) annual change in FEV1 and an absolute difference in FEV1 of -71.36 mL (95% CI -134.47 to -8.24). This study provides evidence that acute and long-term exposure to outdoor particulate air pollution are associated with decreased FEV1 in healthy adults. Residual confounding from other risk factors, such as smoking, may explain some of the effect for long-term exposures. More studies are required to determine the relationship of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and short-term exposure to PM10, which may have different biologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Edginton
- Asthma Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Will King
- Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Diane Lougheed
- Asthma Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Takano APC, Justo LT, Dos Santos NV, Marquezini MV, de André PA, da Rocha FMM, Pasqualucci CA, Barrozo LV, Singer JM, De André CDS, Saldiva PHN, Veras MM. Pleural anthracosis as an indicator of lifetime exposure to urban air pollution: An autopsy-based study in Sao Paulo. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:23-32. [PMID: 30884435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between air pollution and adverse health effects using a wide variety of methods to assess exposure. However, the assessment of individual long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is a challenging task and has not been evaluated in a large autopsy study. Our goal was to investigate whether exposure to urban air pollution is associated to the degree of lung anthracosis, considering modifying factors such as personal habits, mobility patterns and occupational activities. We conducted a study in Sao Paulo, Brazil from February 2017 to June 2018, combining epidemiological, spatial analysis and autopsy-based approaches. Information about residential address, socio-demographic details, occupation, smoking status, time of residence in the city and time spent commuting was collected via questionnaires applied to the next-of-kin. Images of the pleura surface from upper and lower lobes were used to quantify anthracosis in the lungs. We used multiple regression models to assess the association between the amount of carbon deposits in human lungs, measured by the fraction of pleural anthracosis (FA), and potential explanatory variables. We analyzed 413 cases and our data showed that for each additional hour spent in daily commuting, the ratio FA/(1-FA) is multiplied by 1.05 (95% confidence interval: [1.02; 1.08]). The estimated coefficient for daily hours spent in traffic was not considerably affected by the inclusion of socio-demographic variables and smoking habits. We estimate a tobacco equivalent dose of 5 cigarettes per day in a city where annual PM2.5 concentration oscillates around 25 μg/m3. Pleural anthracosis is a potential index of lifetime exposure to traffic-derived air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Cremasco Takano
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lígia Vizeu Barrozo
- Department of Geography, School of Philosophy, Literature and Human Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio M Singer
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo (IEA-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Dai X, Deng Q, Guo D, Ni L, Li J, Chen Z, Zhang L, Xu T, Song W, Luo Y, Hu L, Hu C, Yi G, Pan Z. Association of urinary metal profiles with serum uric acid: a cross-sectional study of traffic policemen in Wuhan, China. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e022542. [PMID: 31079077 PMCID: PMC6530447 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serum uric acid (SUA) is both a strong antioxidant and one of the key risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We aimed to investigate the associations of urinary metal profile with SUA in traffic policemen in Wuhan, China. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was carried out in traffic policemen. SETTING A seriously polluted Chinese city. PARTICIPANTS A total of 186 traffic policemen were recruited in this study. About 56 of them worked in the logistics department and the other 130 maintained traffic order or dealt with traffic accidents on the roads. All these subjects had worked as a policeman for at least 1 year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES SUA. RESULTS The significantly negative association of lead with SUA was consistent between single-metal and multiple-metal models (p=0.004 and p=0.020, respectively). Vanadium, chromium and tin were reversely associated with SUA levels in the single-metal models after false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment (all P_FDR < 0.05). One IQR increase in vanadium, chromium, tin and lead was associated with 26.9 µmol/L (95% CI -44.6 to -9.2; p=0.003), 27.4 µmol/L (95% CI -46.1 to -8.8; p=0.004), 11.2 µmol/L (95% CI -18.9 to -3.4; p=0.005) and 16.4 µmol/L (95% CI -27.6 to -5.2; p=0.004) decrease in SUA, respectively. Significant interaction between smoking and vanadium on decreased SUV was found (pfor interaction = 0.007 and p_FDR = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Urinary vanadium, chromium, tin and lead were negatively associated with SUA. Vanadium and cigarette smoking jointly affected SUA levels. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to investigate the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Dai
- Medical Department, Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifei Deng
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Guo
- Medical Department, Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Ni
- Physical Examination Department, Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jichao Li
- Medical Department, Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenlong Chen
- Medical Department, Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Radiology Department, Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Weili Song
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongbin Luo
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Physical Examination Department, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiying Hu
- Physical Examination Department, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Guilin Yi
- Medical Department, Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Pan
- Medical Department, Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
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16
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Hart JE, Grady ST, Laden F, Coull BA, Koutrakis P, Schwartz JD, Moy ML, Garshick E. Effects of Indoor and Ambient Black Carbon and [Formula: see text] on Pulmonary Function among Individuals with COPD. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:127008. [PMID: 30570336 PMCID: PMC6371657 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been associated with decreased pulmonary function, but the exposure–response relationship in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is uncertain, and most studies have only focused on exposures to ambient pollution. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess associations between pulmonary function and indoor and ambient PM [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and black carbon (BC). METHODS Between November 2012 and December 2014, 125 patients with COPD (mean age, 73.4 y) who were not currently smoking and without known indoor BC sources were recruited. Indoor BC and [Formula: see text] were measured in each home for a week in each season, up to four times a year, followed by in-person spirometry pre- and post-bronchodilator. Ambient exposures were available from a central site monitor. Multivariable adjusted mixed effects regression models were used to assess associations scaled per interquartile range (IQR) of exposure. RESULTS There were 367 study visits; the median (IQR) indoor BC and [Formula: see text] were 0.19 (0.22) [Formula: see text] and 6.67 (5.80) [Formula: see text], respectively. Increasing indoor exposures to BC were associated with decreases in pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s [Formula: see text] and forced vital capacity (FVC), and [Formula: see text]. For example, in multivariable adjusted models, each IQR increase in indoor BC from the weekly integrated filter was associated with a [Formula: see text] [95% confidence interval (CI): [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]] decrease in pre-bronchodilator [Formula: see text]. Increases in indoor [Formula: see text] were associated with decreases in [Formula: see text] and FVC of smaller magnitude than those for indoor BC; however, the results were less precise. Ambient BC was not associated with pre-bronchodilator pulmonary function, ambient [Formula: see text] was only associated with decreases in FVC and increases in [Formula: see text], and neither indoor nor ambient BC or [Formula: see text] were associated with post-bronchodilator pulmonary function. CONCLUSIONS Low-level exposures to indoor BC and [Formula: see text], but not ambient exposures, were consistently associated with decreases in pre-bronchodilator pulmonary function. There was no association between exposures and post-bronchodilator pulmonary function. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie T Grady
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Administration Boston Health Care System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marilyn L Moy
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Lamichhane DK, Leem JH, Kim HC. Associations between Ambient Particulate Matter and Nitrogen Dioxide and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases in Adults and Effect Modification by Demographic and Lifestyle Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E363. [PMID: 29463050 PMCID: PMC5858432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the associations between chronic exposure to particulate matter of medium aerodynamic diameter ≤10 or ≤2.5 µm (PM10 or PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) levels and lung function and to examine a possible change in these relationships by demographic and lifestyle factors. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was defined using the Global Initiative for COPD criteria (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) of <70%). Associations of lung function and COPD with PM10 or PM2.5 or NO₂ were examined using linear and logistic regression analyses among 1264 Korean adults. The highest tertiles of PM2.5 (≥37.1 μg/m³) and NO₂ (≥53.8 μg/m³) exposure were significantly associated with COPD (highest versus lowest tertile of PM2.5: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.02-3.13; highest versus lowest tertile of NO₂: adjusted OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04-3.21). A 10 μg/m³ increase in PM10 concentration was associated with a 1.85 L (95% CI -3.65 to -0.05) decrease in FEV1 and a 1.73 L (95% CI -3.35 to -0.12) decrease in FVC, with the strongest negative association among older people and those with less education. Reduced lung function was associated with PM2.5 exposure in subjects with no physical activity. This study provides evidence that exposure to ambient air pollution has adverse effects on lung function in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirga Kumar Lamichhane
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - Jong Han Leem
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - Hwan Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
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Abstract
(1) Background: Particulate matter increases the risk of respiratory, allergic and oncological diseases in both exposed workers and the general population due to its toxic compounds (e.g., PAHs, gases, heavy metals, microorganisms). The aim of this review is to show the results obtained by our department regarding air pollution’s contributions to health damage in both occupationally and non-occupationally exposed people. (2) Methods: This review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searching articles on PubMed, using eligibility criteria, extracting data independently from reports to reduce bias and considering the accuracy of the statistical analyses. (3) Results: Of fifteen papers, only three respected the abovementioned criteria. A total of 453 cases (174 occupationally exposed and 279 non-occupationally exposed individuals) were included in the review. Qualitative analysis showed that among workers, occupational exposure to air pollution increased the risk of allergic and pulmonary diseases, whereas environmental exposure to PM increased heavy metal intake, the last of which was characterized by well-known carcinogenic effects. 4) Conclusion: The use of personal protective equipment, a meticulous health surveillance program and specific environmental protection policies are needed to protect public health from damages due to air pollution.
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