1
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Koštrun S, Fajdetić A, Pešić D, Brajša K, Bencetić Mihaljević V, Jelić D, Petrinić Grba A, Elenkov I, Rupčić R, Kapić S, Ozimec Landek I, Butković K, Grgičević A, Žiher D, Čikoš A, Padovan J, Saxty G, Dack K, Bladh H, Skak-Nielsen T, Feldbaek Nielsen S, Lambert M, Stahlhut M. Macrolide Inspired Macrocycles as Modulators of the IL-17A/IL-17RA Interaction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8354-8383. [PMID: 34100601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokines promote inflammatory pathophysiology in many autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Such broad involvement of IL-17 in various autoimmune diseases makes it an ideal target for drug discovery. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by numerous defective components of the immune system. Significantly higher levels of IL-17A have been noticed in lesions of psoriatic patients, if compared to non-lesion parts. Therefore, this paper is focused on the macrolide inspired macrocycles as potential IL-17A/IL-17RA modulators and covers the molecular design, synthesis, and in vitro profiling. Macrocycles are designed to diversify and enrich chemical space through different ring sizes and a variety of three-dimensional shapes. Inhibitors in the nM range were identified in both target-based and phenotypic assays. In vitro ADME as well as in vivo PK properties are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Koštrun
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Fajdetić
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dijana Pešić
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karmen Brajša
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Dubravko Jelić
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivaylo Elenkov
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Rupčić
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Samra Kapić
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Ana Grgičević
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Žiher
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Čikoš
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Padovan
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordon Saxty
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kevin Dack
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Haakan Bladh
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Maja Lambert
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
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2
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Anderson J, Belafsky P, Clayton S, Archard J, Pavlic J, Rao S, Farwell DG, Kuhn M, Deng P, Halmai J, Bauer G, Fink K, Fury B, Perotti N, Walker J, Beliveau A, Birkeland A, Abouyared M, Cary W, Nolta J. Model of radiation-induced ambulatory dysfunction. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_259_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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3
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Zhou C, Monin L, Gordon R, Aggor FEY, Bechara R, Edwards TN, Kaplan DH, Gingras S, Gaffen SL. An IL-17F.S65L Knock-In Mouse Reveals Similarities and Differences in IL-17F Function in Oral Candidiasis: A New Tool to Understand IL-17F. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:720-730. [PMID: 32601099 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is an opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa caused by the commensal fungus Candida albicans IL-17R signaling is essential to prevent OPC in mice and humans, but the individual roles of its ligands, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17AF, are less clear. A homozygous IL-17F deficiency in mice does not cause OPC susceptibility, whereas mice lacking IL-17A are moderately susceptible. In humans, a rare heterozygous mutation in IL-17F (IL-17F.S65L) was identified that causes chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, suggesting the existence of essential antifungal pathways mediated by IL-17F and/or IL-17AF. To investigate the role of IL-17F and IL-17AF in more detail, we exploited this "experiment of nature" by creating a mouse line bearing the homologous mutation in IL-17F (Ser65Leu) by CRISPR/Cas9. Unlike Il17f-/- mice that are resistant to OPC, Il17fS65L/S65L mice showed increased oral fungal burdens similar to Il17a -/- mice. In contrast to humans, however, disease was only evident in homozygous, not heterozygous, mutant mice. The mutation was linked to modestly impaired CXC chemokine expression and neutrophil recruitment to the infected tongue but not to alterations in oral antimicrobial peptide expression. These findings suggest mechanisms by which the enigmatic cytokine IL-17F contributes to host defense against fungi. Moreover, because these mice do not phenocopy Il17f-/- mice, they may provide a valuable tool to interrogate IL-17F and IL-17AF function in vivo in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Leticia Monin
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Rachael Gordon
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and
| | - Felix E Y Aggor
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Rami Bechara
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Tara N Edwards
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Sebastien Gingras
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
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4
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Clayton SM, Archard JA, Wagner J, Farwell DG, Bewley AF, Beliveau A, Birkeland A, Rao S, Abouyared M, Belafsky PC, Anderson JD. Immunoregulatory Potential of Exosomes Derived from Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:327-335. [PMID: 31856674 PMCID: PMC7081244 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are malignancies that originate in the mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract. Despite advances in therapeutic interventions, survival rates among HNSCC patients have remained static for years. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor-initiating cells that are highly resistant to treatment, and are hypothesized to contribute to a significant fraction of tumor recurrences. Consequently, further investigations of how CSCs mediate recurrence may provide insights into novel druggable targets. A key element of recurrence involves the tumor's ability to evade immunosurveillance. Recent published reports suggest that CSCs possess immunosuppressive properties, however, the underlying mechanism have yet to be fully elucidated. To date, most groups have focused on the role of CSC-derived secretory proteins, such as cytokines and growth factors. Here, we review the established immunoregulatory role of exosomes derived from mixed tumor cell populations, and propose further study of CSC-derived exosomes may be warranted. Such studies may yield novel insights into new druggable targets, or lay the foundation for future exosome-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Clayton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Joehleen A. Archard
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Joseph Wagner
- University of California Drug Discovery Consortium, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - D. Gregory Farwell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Arnaud F. Bewley
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Angela Beliveau
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Andrew Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Shyam Rao
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Marianne Abouyared
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Peter C. Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Johnathon D. Anderson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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5
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Dimethyl fumarate dampens IL-17-ACT1-TBK1 axis-mediated phosphorylation of Regnase-1 and suppresses IL-17–induced IκB-ζ expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:957-963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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6
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Showalter MR, Wancewicz B, Fiehn O, Archard JA, Clayton S, Wagner J, Deng P, Halmai J, Fink KD, Bauer G, Fury B, Perotti NH, Apperson M, Butters J, Belafsky P, Farwell G, Kuhn M, Nolta JA, Anderson JD. Primed mesenchymal stem cells package exosomes with metabolites associated with immunomodulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:729-735. [PMID: 30926165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapies are currently being evaluated as a putative therapeutic in numerous human clinical trials. Recent reports have established that exosomes mediate much of the therapeutic properties of MSCs. Exosomes are nanovesicles which mediate intercellular communication, transmitting signals between cells which regulate a diverse range of biological processes. MSC-derived exosomes are packaged with numerous types of proteins and RNAs, however, their metabolomic and lipidomic profiles to date have not been well characterized. We previously reported that MSCs, in response to priming culture conditions that mimic the in vivo microenvironmental niche, substantially modulate cellular signaling and significantly increase the secretion of exosomes. Here we report that MSCs exposed to such priming conditions undergo glycolytic reprogramming, which homogenizes MSCs' metabolomic profile. In addition, we establish that exosomes derive from primed MSCs are packaged with numerous metabolites that have been directly associated with immunomodulation, including M2 macrophage polarization and regulatory T lymphocyte induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, USA
| | | | - Shannon Clayton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Joseph Wagner
- Drug Discovery Consortium, University of California, USA
| | - Peter Deng
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Julian Halmai
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Brian Fury
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Nicholas H Perotti
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California Davis, USA
| | | | - Janelle Butters
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Peter Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Gregory Farwell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Maggie Kuhn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis, USA
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7
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Yuan O, Lin C, Wagner J, Archard JA, Deng P, Halmai J, Bauer G, Fink KD, Fury B, Perotti NH, Walker JE, Pollock K, Apperson M, Butters J, Belafsky P, Farwell DG, Kuhn M, Nolta J, Anderson JD. Exosomes Derived from Human Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Mitosis and Potentiate Growth Factor Secretion. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:398-409. [PMID: 30638129 PMCID: PMC6441283 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) facilitate functional recovery in numerous animal models of inflammatory and ischemic tissue-related diseases with a growing body of research suggesting that exosomes mediate many of these therapeutic effects. It remains unclear, however, which types of proteins are packaged into exosomes compared with the cells from which they are derived. In this study, using comprehensive proteomic analysis, we demonstrated that human primed MSCs secrete exosomes (pMEX) that are packaged with markedly higher fractions of specific protein subclasses compared with their cells of origin, indicating regulation of their contents. Notably, we found that pMEX are also packaged with substantially elevated levels of extracellular-associated proteins. Fibronectin was the most abundant protein detected, and data established that fibronectin mediates the mitogenic properties of pMEX. In addition, treatment of SHSY5Y cells with pMEX induced the secretion of growth factors known to possess mitogenic and neurotrophic properties. Taken together, our comprehensive analysis indicates that pMEX are packaged with specific protein subtypes, which may provide a molecular basis for their distinct functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Clayton Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Joseph Wagner
- Drug Discovery Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joehleen A. Archard
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Peter Deng
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Julian Halmai
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kyle D. Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brian Fury
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nicholas H. Perotti
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jon E. Walker
- Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kari Pollock
- Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Michelle Apperson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Janelle Butters
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Peter Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - D. Gregory Farwell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Maggie Kuhn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jan Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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8
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Witowski J, Kamhieh-Milz J, Kawka E, Catar R, Jörres A. IL-17 in Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Inflammation and Angiogenesis: Conclusions and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1694. [PMID: 30534087 PMCID: PMC6275317 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with peritoneal membrane remodeling. This includes changes in peritoneal vasculature, which may ultimately lead to inadequate solute and water removal and treatment failure. The potential cause of such alterations is chronic inflammation induced by repeated episodes of infectious peritonitis and/or exposure to bioincompatible PD fluids. While these factors may jeopardize the peritoneal membrane integrity, it is not clear why adverse peritoneal remodeling develops only in some PD patients. Increasing evidence points to the differences that occur between patients in response to the same invading microorganism and/or the differences in the course of inflammatory reaction triggered by different species. Such differences may be related to the involvement of different inflammatory mediators. Here, we discuss the potential role of IL-17 in these processes with emphasis on its impact on peritoneal mesothelial cells and peritoneal vascularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Department of Nephrology, Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edyta Kawka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Jörres
- Department of Medicine I, Nephrology, Transplantation, Medical Intensive Care, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Das NA, Carpenter AJ, Yoshida T, Kumar SA, Gautam S, Mostany R, Izadpanah R, Kumar A, Mummidi S, Siebenlist U, Chandrasekar B. TRAF3IP2 mediates TWEAK/TWEAKR-induced pro-fibrotic responses in cultured cardiac fibroblasts and the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:107-123. [PMID: 29981796 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation promotes development and progression of heart failure (HF). TWEAK (TNF-Related WEAK Inducer Of Apoptosis), a NF-κB- and/or AP-1-responsive proinflammatory cytokine that signals via TWEAK receptor (TWEAKR), is expressed at high levels in human and preclinical models of HF. Since the adapter molecule TRAF3IP2 (TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2) is an upstream regulator of various proinflammatory pathways, including those activated by NF-κB and AP-1, we hypothesized that targeting TRAF3IP2 inhibits TWEAK-induced proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with the hypothesis, forced expression of TRAF3IP2 upregulated TWEAK and its receptor expression in cultured adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts (CF). Further, exogenous TWEAK upregulated TRAF3IP2 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner, suggesting a positive-feedback regulation of TRAF3IP2 and TWEAK. TWEAK also promoted TRAF3IP2 nuclear translocation. Confirming its critical role in TWEAK signaling, silencing TRAF3IP2 inhibited TWEAK autoregulation, TWEAKR upregulation, p38 MAPK, NF-κB and AP-1 activation, inflammatory cytokine expression, MMP and TIMP1 activation, collagen expression and secretion, and importantly, proliferation and migration. Recapitulating these in vitro results, continuous infusion of TWEAK for 7 days increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), upregulated TRAF3IP2 expression, activated p38 MAPK, NF-κB and AP-1, induced the expression of multiple proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators, and interstitial fibrosis in hearts of wild type mice. These proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic changes occurred in conjunction with myocardial hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. Importantly, genetic ablation of TRAF3IP2 inhibited these TWEAK-induced adverse cardiac changes independent of increases in SBP, indicating that TRAF3IP2 plays a causal role, and thus a therapeutic target, in chronic inflammatory and fibro-proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Das
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andrea J Carpenter
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Medicine/Cardiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Senthil A Kumar
- Medicine/Cardiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sandeep Gautam
- Medicine/Cardiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Reza Izadpanah
- Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | | | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Medicine/Cardiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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10
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Alt EU, Barabadi Z, Pfnür A, Ochoa JE, Daneshimehr F, Lang LM, Lin D, Braun SE, Chandrasekar B, Izadpanah R. TRAF3IP2, a novel therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29772-29788. [PMID: 30038719 PMCID: PMC6049871 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (glioblastoma) remains one of the deadliest cancers. Pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic mediators present in tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitate communication between tumor cells and adjacent non-malignant cells, resulting in glioblastoma growth. Since a majority of these mediators are products of NF-κB- and/or AP-1-responsive genes, and as TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2 (TRAF3IP2) is an upstream regulator of both transcription factors, we hypothesized that targeting TRAF3IP2 blunts tumor growth by inhibiting NF-κB and pro-inflammatory/pro-tumorigenic mediators. Our in vitro data demonstrate that similar to primary glioblastoma tumor tissues, malignant glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U118) express high levels of TRAF3IP2. Silencing TRAF3IP2 expression inhibits basal and inducible NF-κB activation, induction of pro-inflammatory mediators, clusters of genes involved in cell cycle progression and angiogenesis, and formation of spheroids. Additionally, silencing TRAF3IP2 significantly increases apoptosis. In vivo studies indicate TRAF3IP2-silenced U87 cells formed smaller tumors. Additionally, treating existing tumors formed by wild type U87 cells with lentiviral TRAF3IP2 shRNA markedly regresses their size. Analysis of residual tumors revealed reduced expression of pro-inflammatory/pro-tumorigenic/pro-angiogenic mediators and kinesins. In contrast, the expression of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was increased. Together, these novel data indicate that TRAF3IP2 is a master regulator of malignant signaling in glioblastoma, and its targeting modulates the TME and inhibits tumor growth by suppressing the expression of mediators involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, growth, and malignant transformation. Our data identify TRAF3IP2 as a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma growth and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard U Alt
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zahra Barabadi
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andreas Pfnür
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joana E Ochoa
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fatemeh Daneshimehr
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lea M Lang
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Dong Lin
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen E Braun
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine and Harry S. Truman Veterans Memorial Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Reza Izadpanah
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Surgery, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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11
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IL-17-receptor-associated adaptor Act1 directly stabilizes mRNAs to mediate IL-17 inflammatory signaling. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:354-365. [PMID: 29563620 PMCID: PMC6082628 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that degrade inflammatory mRNAs are well-known, however
stabilizing mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that Act1, an
interleukin-17 (IL-17) receptor complex adaptor, binds and stabilizes mRNAs
encoding key inflammatory proteins. The Act1 SEFIR domain binds a stem-loop
structure, SBE (SEFIR-binding element), in the inflammatory chemokine
Cxcl1 3’ UTR. mRNA-bound Act1 directs formation of
three compartmentally-distinct protein-RNA complexes (RNPs) that regulate three
disparate events in inflammatory mRNA metabolism: preventing mRNA decay in the
nucleus, inhibiting mRNA decapping in P-bodies, and promoting translation. SBE
RNA aptamers reduced IL-17-mediated mRNA stabilization in
vitro, IL-17-induced skin inflammation and airway inflammation in a
mouse asthma model, providing a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases.
These results reveal a network in which Act1 assembles RNPs on the 3’
UTRs of select mRNAs to control receptor-mediated mRNA stabilization and
translation during inflammation.
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12
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Abstract
Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a strong genetic basis, its etiology is complex, with several genetic factors likely to be involved as well as environmental factors. Immune dysregulation has gained significant attention as a causal mechanism in ASD pathogenesis. ASD has been associated with immune abnormalities in the brain and periphery, including inflammatory disorders and autoimmunity in not only the affected individuals but also their mothers. Prenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) has been implicated as an environmental risk factor for ASD. In support of this notion, animal models have shown that MIA results in offspring with behavioral, neurological, and immunological abnormalities similar to those observed in ASD. This raises the question of how MIA exposure can lead to ASD in susceptible individuals. Recent evidence points to a potential inflammation pathway linking MIA-associated ASD with the activity of T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes and their effector cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A). IL-17A has been implicated from human studies and elevated IL-17A levels in the blood have been found to correlate with phenotypic severity in a subset of ASD individuals. In MIA model mice, elevated IL-17A levels also have been observed. Additionally, antibody blockade to inhibit IL-17A signaling was found to prevent ASD-like behaviors in offspring exposed to MIA. Therefore, IL-17A dysregulation may play a causal role in the development of ASD. The source of increased IL-17A in the MIA mouse model was attributed to maternal Th17 cells because genetic removal of the transcription factor RORγt to selectively inhibit Th17 differentiation in pregnant mice was able to prevent ASD-like behaviors in the offspring. Similar to ASD individuals, the MIA-exposed offspring also displayed cortical dysplasia which could be prevented by inhibition of IL-17A signaling in pregnant mice. This finding reveals one possible cellular mechanism through which ASD-related cognitive and behavioral deficits may emerge following maternal inflammation. IL-17A can exert strong effects on cell survival and differentiation and the activity of signal transduction cascades, which can have important consequences during cortical development on neural function. This review examines IL-17A signaling pathways in the context of both immunity and neural function that may contribute to the development of ASD associated with MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wong
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado-Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Linda Crnic Institute, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Charles Hoeffer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado-Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Linda Crnic Institute, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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