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Ahluwalia-McMeddes A, Moore A, Marr C, Kunders Z. Moral trade-offs reveal foundational representations that predict unique variance in political attitudes. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38979983 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) explains variation in moral judgements on the basis of multiple innate, intuitive foundations and has been subject to criticism over recent years. Prior research has tended to rely on explicit self-report in the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). In contrast, we seek to capture intuitive choices between foundations in a novel task - the Moral Foundations Conflict Task (MFCT). Across four studies, responses on this task reflect foundations measured by the MFQ (study 1), are not altered under cognitive load or reduced cognitive control (studies 2a and 2b); and explain unique variance in political orientation and related constructs (study 3). Furthermore, using responses and response times generated on the MFCT, we present a computationally explicit model of foundation-related intuitive judgements and show that these patterns are consistent with the theoretical claims of MFT. These findings show that the MFCT outperforms the MFQ and can contribute to the understanding of moral value conflicts, furthering debate on the nature of moral values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Moore
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Calum Marr
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Zara Kunders
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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2
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Wilks M, Crimston CR, Hornsey MJ. Meat and morality: The moral foundation of purity, but not harm, predicts attitudes toward cultured meat. Appetite 2024; 197:107297. [PMID: 38460906 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Cultured meat (also referred to as cultivated, cell-based, or cell-cultured meat) is a novel food technology that is presented as a method of meat production without reliance on large-scale industrial farming. The pro-cultured meat narrative rests, in part, on a moral foundation: cultured meat is purported to alleviate the environmental and animal welfare harms associated with farmed meat. Despite this narrative, no research has examined which moral values underpin attitudes towards cultured meat. To examine this, we surveyed 1861 participants from the United States and Germany about their moral foundations and their attitudes towards cultured meat. In line with predictions, people who more strongly endorse moral values about purity (i.e., had higher scores on the purity subscale of the moral foundations scale) held more negative attitudes towards cultured meat. However, this relationship was much more consistent among participants from the United States than participants from Germany. Against predictions, attitudes towards cultured meat were not reliably associated with the extent to which people focus on harm as a moral foundation. The latter finding was particularly surprising in light of harm-reduction narratives around cultured meat. These findings demonstrate the need for a more nuanced discussion about, and understanding of, consumer concerns around cultured meat and the values that underpin them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Wilks
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Charlie R Crimston
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Australia
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3
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Nowakowska I, Rönnlund M. Future of nature, our future. A preregistered report on future time perspective, social value orientation, and pro-environmental outcomes based on data from Poland and Sweden. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1217139. [PMID: 38106389 PMCID: PMC10722237 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1217139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of the study was to examine the role of social value orientation and future time perspective to account for individual differences in pro-environmental behaviors, intentions, and opinions about the link between pro-environmental action and pandemic threat (three separate models) in Polish and Swedish samples expected to differ in rate of pro-environmental behaviors (higher in Sweden). We hypothesized that for Poland, future time perspective would be linked to pro-environmental outcomes only when social value orientation is average or high. In contrast, for Sweden, we expected a significant link between these variables regardless of social value orientation. Methods In total, 301 (150 Polish, 151 Swedish) participants completed online surveys via Prolific.co research panel. We controlled for individualizing/binding moral foundations, present time perspectives, and selected demographic variables in the analyses. Results In line with expectations, the individualizing moral foundations were a significant predictor across all three models. The data did not support our focal hypothesis regarding the interaction between future time perspective and social value orientation. For pro-environmental behaviors in the past 6 months, the future time perspective was a predictor only when social value orientation was low. Discussion The results suggest that when encouraging more competitive (compared to altruistic) people to behave in a green way, it might be crucial to underline the future consequences and benefits, consistent with the future time perspective. The pro-environmental campaigns could, therefore, highlight how green behavior may bring personal gains in the future, which are typically valued by individualistic people, such as savings or social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nowakowska
- Institute of Psychology, Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Heley K, D'Angelo H, Oh A, Vanderpool RC, McQueen A, Kreuter MW, Everson NS. Understanding Associations of Personal Values With Support for Tobacco and Alcohol Control Policies. Am J Prev Med 2023; 65:448-457. [PMID: 36933752 PMCID: PMC10505251 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This cross-sectional analysis of the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey (N=3,604) examines the associations of personal values with tobacco and alcohol control policy support, which may inform policy-related communication efforts. METHODS Respondents selected which of 7 value options they considered most important in their daily life and rated their support for 8 proposed tobacco and alcohol control policies (1=strongly oppose, 5=strongly support). Weighted proportions for each value were described across sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, and alcohol use. Weighted bivariate and multivariable regressions tested the associations of values with mean policy support (alpha=0.89). Analyses occurred from 2021 to 2022. RESULTS The most frequently selected values were assuring my family is safe and secure (30.2%), being happy (21.1%), and making my own decisions (13.6%). Selected values varied across sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. For example, people with lower education and incomes were overrepresented among those selecting making my own decisions and keeping myself in good health. After adjusting for sociodemographics, smoking, and alcohol use, people selecting family safety (β=0.20, 95% CI=0.06, 0.33) or religious connection (β=0.34, 95% CI=0.14, 0.54) as most important reported higher policy support than those selecting making their own decisions, the value associated with the lowest mean policy support. Mean policy support did not significantly differ across any other value comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Personal values are associated with support for alcohol and tobacco control policies, with making my own decisions associated with the lowest policy support. Future research and communication efforts may consider aligning tobacco and alcohol control policies with the idea of supporting autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Heley
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch (HCIRB), Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Heather D'Angelo
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch (HCIRB), Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - April Oh
- Implementation Science, Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Robin C Vanderpool
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch (HCIRB), Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Amy McQueen
- Health Communication Research Laboratory, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew W Kreuter
- Health Communication Research Laboratory, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole Senft Everson
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch (HCIRB), Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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5
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van den Berg TGC, Corrias LDA. Moral foundations theory and the narrative self: towards an improved concept of moral selfhood for the empirical study of morality. PHENOMENOLOGY AND THE COGNITIVE SCIENCES 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37363716 PMCID: PMC10248973 DOI: 10.1007/s11097-023-09918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Within the empirical study of moral decision making, people's morality is often identified by measuring general moral values through a questionnaire, such as the Moral Foundations Questionnaire provided by Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). However, the success of these moral values in predicting people's behaviour has been disappointing. The general and context-free manner in which such approaches measure moral values and people's moral identity seems crucial in this respect. Yet, little research has been done into the underlying notion of self. This article aims to fill this gap. Taking a phenomenological approach and focusing on MFT, we examine the concept of moral self that MFT assumes and present an improved concept of moral self for the empirical study of morality. First, we show that MFT adopts an essentialist concept of moral self, consisting of stable moral traits. Then, we argue that such a notion is unable to grasp the dynamical and context sensitive aspects of the moral self. We submit that Ricoeur's narrative notion of identity, a self that reinterprets itself in every decision situation through self-narrative, is a viable alternative since it is able to incorporate context sensitivity and change, while maintaining a persisting moral identity. Finally, we argue that this narrative concept of moral self implies measuring people's morality in a more exploratory fashion within a delineated context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gerardus Constantijn van den Berg
- Department of Engineering Systems and Services, Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Harjani T, He H, Chao MM. The Moral Foundations of Vaccine Passports. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS : JBE 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37359793 PMCID: PMC10200013 DOI: 10.1007/s10551-023-05427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The debate around vaccine passports has been polarising and controversial. Although the measure allows businesses to resume in-person operations and enables transitioning out of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some have expressed concerns about liberty violations and discrimination. Understanding the splintered viewpoints can aid businesses in communicating such measures to employees and consumers. We conceptualise the business implementation of vaccine passports as a moral decision rooted in individual values that influence reasoning and emotional reaction. We surveyed support for vaccine passports on a nationally representative sample in the United Kingdom in 2021: April (n = 349), May (n = 328), and July (n = 311). Drawing on the Moral Foundations Theory-binding (loyalty, authority, and sanctity), individualising (fairness and harm), and liberty values-we find that individualising values are a positive predictor and liberty values a negative predictor of support for passports, suggesting adoption hinges on addressing liberty concerns. Longitudinal analysis examining the trajectory of change in support over time finds that individualising foundations positively predict changes in utilitarian and deontological reasoning over time. In contrast, a fall in anger over time predicts increased support towards vaccine passports. Our study can inform business and policy communication strategies of existing vaccine passports, general vaccine mandates, and similar measures in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Harjani
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Hongwei He
- Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9SS UK
| | - Melody Manchi Chao
- Department of Management, School of Business and Management, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R
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Silfver M, Niva M, Salmivaara L, Vainio A. Moral foundations and future pro‐environmental lifestyles choices in the Finnish population. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Silfver
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Psychology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Mari Niva
- Department of Economics and Management, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Laura Salmivaara
- Department of Forest Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Annukka Vainio
- Department of Forest Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Helsinki Finland
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8
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Do environmental messages emphasising binding morals promote conservatives’ pro-environmentalism? A pre-registered replication. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2023. [DOI: 10.32872/spb.8557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Past studies indicated that environmental messages incorporating binding morals (i.e., loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, purity/degradation) were effective in reducing the negative association between political conservatism and pro-environmentalism. We conceptually replicated and extended this finding through open science practices. In a pilot study, we constructed three environmental messages incorporating each binding moral based on previous relevant studies, and confirmed their validity (96 U.S. adults, 50% women). We then investigated the independent effects of these binding moral messages on pro-environmentalism across the political spectrum (705 U.S. adults, 56.6% women). Contrasting with our expectations and previous findings, we found no evidence that these environmental messages emphasising distinct binding morals were more effective than a control environmental message in attenuating the political polarisation on conservation intentions and willingness to receive more information about environmental protection. Simply adding binding morals content in environmental messaging may not be useful in promoting conservatives’ pro-environmental engagement. We further discuss future research as well as the limitations of this research.
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Seibt B, Zickfeld JH, Østby N. Global heart warming: kama muta evoked by climate change messages is associated with intentions to mitigate climate change. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1112910. [PMID: 37187559 PMCID: PMC10175856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Concern about climate change is often rooted in sympathy, compassion, and care for nature, living beings, and future generations. Feeling sympathy for others temporarily forms a bond between them and us: we focus on what we have in common and feel a sense of common destiny. Thus, we temporarily experience communal sharing relationships. A sudden intensification in communal sharing evokes an emotion termed kama muta, which may be felt through tearing up, a warm feeling in the chest, or goosebumps. We conducted four pre-registered studies (n = 1,049) to test the relationship between kama muta and pro-environmental attitudes, intentions, and behavior. In each study, participants first reported their attitudes about climate change. Then, they received climate change-related messages. In Study 1, they saw one of the two moving video clips about environmental concerns. In Study 2, participants listened to a more or less moving version of a story about a typhoon in the Philippines. In Study 3, they listened to a different, also moving version of this story or an unrelated talk. In Study 4, they watched either a factual or a moving video about climate change. Participants then indicated their emotional responses. Finally, they indicated their intentions for climate mitigation actions. In addition, we measured time spent reading about climate-related information (Studies 1, 2, and 4) and donating money (Study 4). Across all studies, we found that feelings of kama muta correlated positively with pro-environmental intentions (r = 0.48 [0.34, 0.62]) and behavior (r = 0.10 [0.0004, 0.20]). However, we did not obtain evidence for an experimental effect of the type of message (moving or neutral) on pro-environmental intentions (d = 0.04 [-0.09, 0.18]), though this relationship was significantly mediated by felt kama muta across Studies 2-4. The relationship was not moderated by prior climate attitudes, which had a main effect on intentions. We also found an indirect effect of condition through kama muta on donation behavior. In sum, our results contribute to the question of whether kama muta evoked by climate-change messages can be a motivating force in efforts at climate-change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Seibt
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Beate Seibt,
| | | | - Nora Østby
- Institutt for Psykologi, Pedagogikk og Juss, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Skalski SB, Loichen T, Toussaint LL, Uram P, Kwiatkowska A, Surzykiewicz J. Relationships between Spirituality, Religious Fundamentalism and Environmentalism: The Mediating Role of Right-Wing Authoritarianism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013242. [PMID: 36293819 PMCID: PMC9603203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
According to past research, religious attitudes can strongly influence individuals' beliefs and behaviors. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between spirituality (the Scale of Spirituality; dimensions include religious spirituality, expanding consciousness, searching for meaning, sensitivity to art, doing good, and sensitivity to inner beauty), religious fundamentalism (the Religious Fundamentalism Scale), support for right-wing authoritarianism (the Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale), climate concerns (the Environmental Concern Scale), and pro-environmental behavior (the Pro-Environmental Behavior Scale). The cross-sectional study involved 512 Poles aged 18-63 (M = 34.63, SD = 5.96; Mdn = 33), including 51% females. Multiple regression analysis revealed that two dimensions of spirituality (sensitivity to art and doing good) and religious fundamentalism are significant and opposite predictors of climate concern and pro-environmental behavior. Spirituality appeared to foster increased climate concern and caring behavior, while religious fundamentalism negatively predicted the same variables. Mediation analysis revealed that the relationship between religion and environmentalism could be explained in part by differences in support for right-wing authoritarianism (authoritarianism itself was negatively related to environmental outcomes). In addition, analysis of variance revealed that believers (70% of participants in the study were Catholic) showed significantly lower scores regarding climate concerns and pro-environmental behavior than non-believers, yet the inclusion of support for right-wing authoritarianism as a covariate in the equation reduced intergroup differences to statistical insignificance. The data obtained suggest that religious attitudes and socio-political views may play important roles in solving environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Binyamin Skalski
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
- Faculty of Education, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01938 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-569-9677
| | - Teresa Loichen
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
| | | | - Patrycja Uram
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00950 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kwiatkowska
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00950 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Surzykiewicz
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
- Faculty of Education, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01938 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Boine C, Siegel M, Maiga A. The effectiveness of value-based messages to engage gun owners on firearm policies: a three-stage nested study. Inj Epidemiol 2022; 9:30. [PMID: 36192792 PMCID: PMC9527730 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-022-00394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although gun owners overwhelmingly support violence prevention policies, they are hesitant to speak up publicly to advocate for these policies. We tested a series of communication messages on gun owners’ level of support for various firearm violence prevention policies and on their willingness to engage in gun violence prevention advocacy. Methods We conducted three consecutive experiments, testing a total of thirteen messages on a sample of gun owners over 18 years old who live in the U.S. The first was a random experiment, the second a quasi-experiment, and the third a randomized control trial. The goal of having these varied methods was to develop messages applicable to different contexts with different levels of information about the audience. Results The most effective message was a script showing respect for gun owners’ decisions to purchase a firearm and proposing a balanced policy roadmap to end gun violence, which led to an increase in gun owner’s willingness to engage in eight different advocacy activities. We also found a value-based message conveying loyalty to increase support for domestic violence related prohibitions and willingness to engage in advocacy for gun violence prevention policies. Conclusions Public health professionals need to develop communication strategies that are aligned with gun owners’ values and that affirm respect for gun culture and for gun owners’ decisions to own a gun. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40621-022-00394-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Boine
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Michael Siegel
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdine Maiga
- Centre d'Etudes, de Recherches, de Communication et d'Animation Pour le Développement (CERCAD), Paris, France
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12
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Schmidtke KA, Kudrna L, Noufaily A, Stallard N, Skrybant M, Russell S, Clarke A. Evaluating the relationship between moral values and vaccine hesitancy in Great Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey. Soc Sci Med 2022; 308:115218. [PMID: 35870299 PMCID: PMC9281411 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL/OBJECTIVE Mandating vaccinations can harm public trust, and informational interventions can backfire. An alternative approach could align pro-vaccination messages with the automatic moral values and intuitions that vaccine-hesitant people endorse. The current study evaluates the relationships between six automatic moral intuitions and vaccine hesitancy. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was designed using Qualtrics (2020) software and conducted online from April 6th to April 13, 2021. A representative sample of 1201 people living in Great Britain took part, of which 954 (514 female) passed the attention check items. Participants responded to items about their automatic moral intuitions, vaccination behaviours or intentions related to COVID-19 vaccines, and general vaccine hesitancy. Regressions (with and without adjustments for age, gender, and ethnicity) were performed assessing the association between endorsement of each automatic intuition and self-reported uptake of COVID-19 vaccines, and between each automatic intuition and general vaccine hesitancy. RESULTS People who endorsed the authority foundation and those who more strongly endorsed the liberty foundation tended to be more vaccine hesitant. This pattern generalises across people's self-reported uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and people's hesitancy towards vaccines in general. To a lesser extent people who expressed less need for care and a greater need for sanctity also displayed greater hesitancy towards vaccines in general. The results were consistent across the adjusted and non-adjusted analyses. Age and ethnicity significantly contributed to some models but gender did not. CONCLUSION Four automatic moral intuitions (authority, liberty, care, and sanctity) were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. Foundation-aligned messages could be developed to motivate those people who may otherwise refuse vaccines, e.g., messages that strongly promote liberty or that de-emphasize authority voices. This suggestion moves away from mandates and promotes the inclusion of a more diverse range of voices in pro-vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Kudrna
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Nigel Stallard
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Magdalena Skrybant
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Samantha Russell
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Aileen Clarke
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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van den Berg TGC, Kroesen M, Chorus CG. Why Are General Moral Values Poor Predictors of Concrete Moral Behavior in Everyday Life? A Conceptual Analysis and Empirical Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:817860. [PMID: 35978767 PMCID: PMC9377516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.817860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Within moral psychology, theories focusing on the conceptualization and empirical measurement of people's morality in terms of general moral values -such as Moral Foundation Theory- (implicitly) assume general moral values to be relevant concepts for the explanation and prediction of behavior in everyday life. However, a solid theoretical and empirical foundation for this idea remains work in progress. In this study we explore this relationship between general moral values and daily life behavior through a conceptual analysis and an empirical study. Our conceptual analysis of the moral value-moral behavior relationship suggests that the effect of a generally endorsed moral value on moral behavior is highly context dependent. It requires the manifestation of several phases of moral decision-making, each influenced by many contextual factors. We expect that this renders the empirical relationship between generic moral values and people's concrete moral behavior indeterminate. Subsequently, we empirically investigate this relationship in three different studies. We relate two different measures of general moral values -the Moral Foundation Questionnaire and the Morality As Cooperation Questionnaire- to a broad set of self-reported morally relevant daily life behaviors (including adherence to COVID-19 measures and participation in voluntary work). Our empirical results are in line with the expectations derived from our conceptual analysis: the considered general moral values are poor predictors of the selected daily life behaviors. Furthermore, moral values that were tailored to the specific context of the behavior showed to be somewhat stronger predictors. Together with the insights derived from our conceptual analysis, this indicates the relevance of the contextual nature of moral decision-making as a possible explanation for the poor predictive value of general moral values. Our findings suggest that the investigation of morality's influence on behavior by expressing and measuring it in terms of general moral values may need revision.
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Tarry H, Vézina V, Bailey J, Lopes L. Political orientation, moral foundations, and COVID-19 social distancing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267136. [PMID: 35749535 PMCID: PMC9232135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have advocated numerous social distancing measures, and compliance with these has likely saved millions of lives globally. In an online sample drawn from the U.S. and Canada (N = 209), participants completed measures of political orientation, moral foundations, and COVID-19 social distancing attitudes and behaviours. A more left-wing political orientation, and greater endorsement of the individualizing moral foundations were significantly related to more positive social distancing attitudes, and greater self-reported compliance with relevant restrictions. A more right-wing political orientation, and greater endorsement of the binding and economic liberty foundations were associated with less positive attitudes and reduced compliance. In a series of mediation analyses, the relationships between political orientation and various social distancing measures were significantly mediated by variations in participants' moral foundations, particularly their endorsement of economic liberty and the individualizing foundations. Further data indicated that the perceived persuasiveness of messages based on each moral foundation advocating for continued social distancing was significantly related to both participants' moral values and their political orientation. Findings are discussed in terms of understanding politicized differences around social distancing as partly reflecting differential valuation of the moral foundations, and in creating effective public health messaging regarding compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammond Tarry
- Department of Psychology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valérie Vézina
- Department of Political Science, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacob Bailey
- Student Research Assistant, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leah Lopes
- Student Research Assistant, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Examining the Relationships between Religious Affiliation, External and Internal Behavioural Factors, and Personal Carbon Footprint. RELIGIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rel13050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Different studies have shown that daily consumption is responsible for a large portion of greenhouse gas emissions. Since consumption is closely linked to individuals’ preferences, motivations, and beliefs, the personal carbon footprint should be a good indicator of actual consumers’ commitments towards climate change mitigation. Previous research has shown the importance of considering individual-level religion as an antecedent of mitigation outcomes, although the evidence is inconclusive in this regard. This study examines the relationship between religious affiliation and personal carbon footprint, following socio-psychological models that consider behaviour to depend on external or situational factors, and internal or intrinsic ones. A questionnaire was carried out on a random sample of the Spanish population (N = 845) to determine the main drivers of carbon footprint for different religious groups. External factors (i.e., socioeconomic) and internal ones related to climate change knowledge, commitment, and intractability, on the one hand, and value orientation, nature-relatedness, and the main motivation to conserve nature on the other hand, were analysed. Intergroup differences in the personal carbon footprint were found, especially based on sex, age group, and type of work among external factors and value orientation, the main motivation for conserving nature and climate change perceived commitment within the internals. Intragroup differences for food carbon footprint were also observed, as follows: the main motivation to conserve nature and the level of commitment implied differences among Catholic believers, whereas value orientation and the level of commitment implied differences among non-believers. Our conclusions suggest, on the one hand, the importance of examining the religion-mitigation link in a socio-psychological framework and, on the other, the need for further study within groups to promote better behavioural responses to climate change.
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16
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Huang J, Yang JZ, Chu H. Framing Climate Change Impacts as Moral Violations: The Pathway of Perceived Message Credibility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095210. [PMID: 35564601 PMCID: PMC9104518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has been increasingly discussed in moral terms in public discourse. Despite the growing body of research on the effectiveness of moral frames in bridging the ideological divide, few studies have examined the role that perceived credibility, an important element of any persuasive appeal, plays in facilitating the framing effect. With the objective of further understanding how moral frames may engage individuals with different ideologies in climate change and refining climate change messaging strategies, two experimental surveys were conducted to examine the effects of moral violation frames on climate engagement. Specifically, a moderated mediation model was tested. The model posits that message credibility mediates the relationship between moral frames and policy support, as well as the relationship between moral frames and behavior intention. Moreover, political ideology moderated the indirect effects of message credibility. Based on moral foundations theory, seven messages were designed to activate individualizing and binding moral foundations. The results indicated that credibility consistently mediated the effects of the moral violation frame on climate engagement and that liberal-leaning individuals were more likely to perceive an individualizing frame as more credible than a binding frame. However, this difference was smaller among conservative-leaning individuals, with evidence for this moderated mediation model found only for policy support among college students. This study suggests that credibility is key for effective moral violations arguments of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Huang
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Janet Z. Yang
- Department of Communication, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 329 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Haoran Chu
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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17
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Bruchmann K, LaPierre L. Moral Foundations Predict Perceptions of Moral Permissibility of COVID-19 Public Health Guideline Violations in United States University Students. Front Psychol 2022; 12:795278. [PMID: 35185693 PMCID: PMC8847225 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic has become highly politicized and highly moralized. The current study explored whether participants’ (N = 118) endorsements of binding (promoting group cohesion) versus individualizing (promoting care for individuals) moral foundations explained partisan differences in views and behaviors regarding COVID-19. Participants completed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire before they indicated how morally permissible they thought it was to violate COVID-19 mandates, report others’ violations, or not get vaccinated. Additionally, they indicated their own prevention behaviors. Results show that endorsement of both individualizing and binding foundations explain partisan differences in moral permissibility ratings. Political conservatism predicted greater endorsement of binding foundations which in turn predicted seeing COVID-19 violations and not getting vaccinated as more morally permissible, and predicted fewer self-reported prevention behaviors. Endorsement of individualizing foundations predicted seeing violations as less morally permissible and reporting others’ violations as more morally permissible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bruchmann
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Liya LaPierre
- Department of Mathematics, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, United States
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18
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Richardson I, Conway P. Standing up or giving up? Moral foundations mediate political differences in evaluations of black lives matter and other protests. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Richardson
- Department of Psychology Florida State University 1107 W. Call St. Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Paul Conway
- Department of Psychology University of Portsmouth King Henry Building, King Henry 1 Street Portsmouth PO1 2DY UK
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19
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Culiberg B, Cho H, Kos Koklic M, Zabkar V. The Role of Moral Foundations, Anticipated Guilt and Personal Responsibility in Predicting Anti-consumption for Environmental Reasons. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS : JBE 2022; 182:465-481. [PMID: 35035003 PMCID: PMC8741588 DOI: 10.1007/s10551-021-05016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In response to the growing importance of environmental issues, more and more consumers are turning to anti-consumption by reducing, rejecting, or avoiding consumption. Covering the intersection of sustainable consumption and anti-consumption, previous studies relied on socio-cognitive models to explain this decision. In order to extend their findings, we consider the moral and emotional perspectives to examine reducing consumption for environmental reasons in a particular context, i.e. air travel. It is against this backdrop that we propose a conceptual model that includes moral foundations as the main antecedent, followed by anticipated guilt and personal responsibility, while intention to reduce consumption (i.e. air travel) for environmental reasons, positive word of mouth about reducing air travel (WOM) and environmental activism represent the outcomes. The proposed model is tested on a sample of 511 respondents from a UK online consumer panel. Our results confirm the importance of moral foundations, anticipated guilt and personal responsibility and their interplay in the prediction of intention to reduce consumption for environmental reasons. Anticipated guilt influences WOM, while personal responsibility influences activism. In addition, intentions to reduce consumption for environmental reasons have a positive impact on WOM and environmental activism. There are several implications for public policy makers and NGOs that fight against climate change that derive from these findings, as well as research opportunities for academics interested in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Culiberg
- School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva ploscad 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hichang Cho
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, 11 Computing Drive, AS6 03-13, Singapore, 117416 Singapore
| | - Mateja Kos Koklic
- School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva ploscad 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Zabkar
- School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva ploscad 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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21
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Can positive and self-transcendent emotions promote pro-environmental behavior? Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 42:31-35. [PMID: 33819735 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Many scholars have suggested that people could improve their well-being by developing closer connections with nature and that this would also promote the sustainable behaviors needed to address climate change. Research generally corroborates this idea, but few studies have examined the more specific hypothesis that positive emotions (caused by nature or otherwise) can directly influence pro-environmental behaviors. In particular, self-transcendent emotions such as awe, compassion, and gratitude can be prompted by nature, and they seem to foster prosocial behaviors. Most pro-environmental behaviors are also prosocial; they require cooperation and they benefit others. Some recent studies suggest that self-transcendent emotions can cause pro-environmental behavior, although results are mixed overall. We identify strategies for future research to resolve these inconclusive suggestions.
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22
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Harper CA, Rhodes D. Reanalysing the factor structure of the moral foundations questionnaire. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 60:1303-1329. [PMID: 33594721 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The moral foundations theory (MFT) is an influential multifactorial model that posits how decision-making in the moral context originates from a set of six intuitive moral foundations: care, fairness, authority, loyalty, purity, and liberty. The established measure of these foundations-the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ)-has been used extensively in a range of empirical projects. However, recent analyses of its factor structure and the internal consistency of each of the foundation clusters have called its validity into question. In this paper, data from a large sample of British voters were used to re-examine the factor structure of the MFQ. As opposed to a 6-factor structure, only three meaningful clusters emerged in an exploratory principal factors analysis (Study 1; N = 428): traditionalism, compassion, and liberty. This structure was broadly confirmed in an independent sample (Study 2; N = 322). Concurrent validity was established via correlations with measures of 'social change' and 'systemic inequality' insecurities (Study 1) and voting behaviour and preferences (Study 2). Significant differences on each of the three factors of the revised MFQ (MFQ-r) were observed between the voters of different political parties (Study 1) and sides of the Brexit issue (Study 2). Implications for moral foundations theory and its measurement are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Harper
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Darren Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, UK
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23
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Zaikauskaite L, Chen X, Tsivrikos D. The effects of idealism and relativism on the moral judgement of social vs. environmental issues, and their relation to self-reported pro-environmental behaviours. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239707. [PMID: 33104691 PMCID: PMC7588084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that moral philosophies, such as idealism and relativism, could be used as robust predictors of judgements and behaviours related to common moral issues, such as business ethics, unethical beliefs, workplace deviance, marketing practices, gambling, etc. However, little consideration has been given to using moral philosophies to predict environmentally (un)friendly attitudes and behaviours, which could also be classified as moral. In this study, we have assessed the impact of idealism and relativism using the Ethics Position Theory. We have tested its capacity to predict moral identity, moral judgement of social vs. environmental issues, and self-reported pro-environmental behaviours. The results from an online MTurk study of 432 US participants revealed that idealism had a significant impact on all the tested variables, but the case was different with relativism. Consistently with the findings of previous studies, we found relativism to be a strong predictor of moral identity and moral judgement of social issues. In contrast, relativism only weakly interacted with making moral judgements of environmental issues, and had no effects in predicting pro-environmental behaviours. These findings suggest that Ethics Position Theory could have a strong potential for defining moral differences between environmental attitudes and behaviours, capturing the moral drivers of an attitude-behaviour gap, which continuously stands as a barrier in motivating people to become more pro-environmental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zaikauskaite
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Tsivrikos
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Wang TM, van Witteloostuijn A, Heine F. A Moral Theory of Public Service Motivation. Front Psychol 2020; 11:517763. [PMID: 33041907 PMCID: PMC7530182 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.517763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morality constructs the relationship between the self and others, providing a sense of appropriateness that facilitates and coordinates social behaviors. We start from Moral Foundation Theory (MFT), and argue that multiple moral domains can shape the meaning of public service and engender Public Service Motivation (PSM). From the lens of cognitive science, we develop a causal map for PSM by understanding the social cognition process underlying PSM, focusing on five innate moralities as the potential antecedents of PSM: Care, Fairness, Authority, Loyalty, and Sanctity. Extending moral domains beyond compassion and justice can provide a disaggregated view of PSM, which may help to identify institutional and cultural variation in the meaning of PSM. We discuss the theoretical implications of synthesizing MFT and PSM literatures, and provide directions for future research that could improve our understanding of PSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Min Wang
- Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Arjen van Witteloostuijn
- School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Antwerp Management School, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Florian Heine
- Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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25
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Piejka A, Okruszek Ł. Do you believe what you have been told? Morality and scientific literacy as predictors of pseudoscience susceptibility. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Łukasz Okruszek
- Institute of PsychologyPolish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
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26
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The role of moral reasoning & personality in explaining lyrical preferences. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228057. [PMID: 31978181 PMCID: PMC6980482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has supported that personality traits can act to a precursor to media preferences. Due to the ongoing association between morality and media preferences in public and political discourse (e.g., blaming immoral behaviours on media preferences), this research sought to expand the knowledge about factors that contribute to media preferences by investigating if moral reasoning styles explain some of the variance that was not already explained by personality traits. A specific form of media preferences were chosen – lyrical preferences in metal music – as claims between metal lyrical themes and behaviour have been ongoing since the 1980s, despite a lack of empirical evidence to support these claims. A lyrical preferences scale was developed, and utilizing this scale, it was found that different types of metal fans exhibit different moral reasoning styles dependent on their metal sub-genre identification. Further, it was found that moral reasoning styles explain a portion of the variance in lyrical preferences that weren’t already explained by personality traits. In particular, lyrical preferences were often thematically consistent with moral reasoning content and personality traits, such as that individuals that preferred lyrics about celebrating metal culture and unity had higher levels of the group loyalty moral reasoning domain alongside being higher in extraversion. The implications of moral reasoning styles and personality traits as being precursors to media preferences are discussed.
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27
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The Moral Foundations of Environmentalism: Care- and Fairness-Based Morality Interact With Political Liberalism to Predict Pro-Environmental Actions. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2019. [DOI: 10.32872/spb.v14i2.32633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is robust evidence showing associations between political ideology and environmentalism such that self-identified political liberals tend to hold greater pro-environmental positions than conservatives. Drawing from research on moral foundations, we report two studies examining the extent to which political ideology and individualising foundations of care- and fairness-based morality interact to predict environmentalism. Results support the predicted moderating role of individualising foundations, with no moderating effects for the binding foundations of loyalty-, authority- and sanctity-based morality. Liberal ideology was a stronger predictor of electricity conservation with increasingly high levels of individualising morals (Study 1, N = 144), while conservative ideology was a stronger predictor of positive feelings towards the Green Party with increasingly high levels of individualising morals (Study 2, N = 233). The results indicate that individualising morals might intensify environmentalism for those who already lean towards a pro-environmental stand but also for those who lean away from a pro-environmental stand. The findings confirm the important role of both care- and fairness-based morality in addressing environmental problems.
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28
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O'Grady T, Vandegrift D, Wolek M, Burr G. On the determinants of other-regarding behavior: Field tests of the moral foundations questionnaire☆,☆☆,★,★★. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Design for Sustainability: The Effect of Lettering Case on Environmental Concern from a Green Advertising Perspective. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent green advertising research has focused on the effectiveness of different advertising claims and people’s interactions with the environment or environmental concerns, indicating the significant role of visual appeals in influencing people’s environmental attitudes. However, surprisingly, only a limited amount of research has addressed the effect of lettering case in green advertising on people’s perceptions and their consequent environmental concerns. This study tries to fill in this research gap by showing that uppercase (vs. lowercase) advertising taglines on environmental threats could improve people’s fear arousal, advertising congruence, environmental concern and the mediating role of fear arousal and congruence in this process. The managerial implications and limitations are also discussed in this study.
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30
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Süssenbach P, Rees J, Gollwitzer M. When the going gets tough, individualizers get going: On the relationship between moral foundations and prosociality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Wamsler C. Mind the gap: The role of mindfulness in adapting to increasing risk and climate change. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2018; 13:1121-1135. [PMID: 30147799 PMCID: PMC6086299 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-017-0524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming clear that increasingly complex global challenges cannot simply be solved by new technology or governments alone. We also need to develop new social practices and encourage a broader cultural shift towards sustainability. Against this background, this paper explores the role of mindfulness in adapting to increasing risk and climate change. Based on a literature review, it assesses current research on 'mindful climate adaptation', and explores how individual mindfulness is linked to climate adaptation. While in practice mindfulness-based approaches to climate adaptation have gained widespread recognition (e.g., by the United Nations), the results show that related research is scarce and fragmented. There is almost no research into the role of mindfulness in climate adaptation. At the same time, new scientific domains are opening up in cognate fields that illuminate the mindfulness-adaptation nexus from certain perspectives. These fields include: (1) disaster management; (2) individual well-being; (3) organisational management; (4) environmental behaviour; (5) social justice; and (6) knowledge production. As new concepts and approaches emerge, they require critical construct validation and empirical testing. The importance of further investigation is supported by a complementary empirical study, which shows that individual mindfulness disposition coincides with increased motivation to take (or support) climate adaptation actions. The paper concludes that mindfulness has the potential to facilitate adaptation at all scales (through cognitive, managerial, structural, ontological, and epistemological change processes) and should, therefore, become a core element in climate and associated sustainability research. Finally, it sketches the conceptual trajectories of the mindfulness-adaptation nexus and presents a pioneering, comprehensive framework for 'mindful climate adaptation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wamsler
- Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS), Lund University, Box 170, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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32
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Amin AB, Bednarczyk RA, Ray CE, Melchiori KJ, Graham J, Huntsinger JR, Omer SB. Association of moral values with vaccine hesitancy. Nat Hum Behav 2017; 1:873-880. [PMID: 31024188 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-017-0256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Clusters of unvaccinated children are particularly susceptible to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease 1,2 . Existing messaging interventions demonstrate short-term success, but some may backfire and worsen vaccine hesitancy 3 . Values-based messages appeal to core morality, which influences the attitudes individuals then have on topics like vaccination 4-7 . We must understand how underlying morals, not just attitudes, differ by hesitancy type to develop interventions that work with individual values. Here, we show in two correlational studies that harm and fairness foundations are not significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy, but purity and liberty foundations are. We found that medium-hesitancy parents were twice as likely as low-hesitancy parents to highly emphasize purity (adjusted odds ratio: 2.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.27-3.40). High-hesitancy respondents were twice as likely to strongly emphasize purity (adjusted odds ratio: 2.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.39-3.31) and liberty (adjusted odds ratio: 2.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.50-3.21). Our results demonstrate that endorsement of harm and fairness-ideas often emphasized in traditional vaccine-focused messages-are not predictive of vaccine hesitancy. This, combined with significant associations of purity and liberty with hesitancy, indicates a need for inclusion of broader themes in vaccine discussions. These findings have the potential for application to other health decisions and communications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnika B Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Robert A Bednarczyk
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cara E Ray
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kala J Melchiori
- Department of Psychology, College of Health and Behavioral Studies, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Jesse Graham
- Department of Management, Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Huntsinger
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saad B Omer
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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