1
|
Dorrell RG, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Gueguen N, Nonoyama T, Croteau D, Penot-Raquin M, Adiba S, Bailleul B, Gros V, Pierella Karlusich JJ, Zweig N, Fernie AR, Jouhet J, Maréchal E, Bowler C. Complementary environmental analysis and functional characterization of lower glycolysis-gluconeogenesis in the diatom plastid. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3584-3610. [PMID: 38842420 PMCID: PMC11371179 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic carbon fixed in chloroplasts through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle can be diverted toward different metabolic fates, including cytoplasmic and mitochondrial respiration, gluconeogenesis, and synthesis of diverse plastid metabolites via the pyruvate hub. In plants, pyruvate is principally produced via cytoplasmic glycolysis, although a plastid-targeted lower glycolytic pathway is known to exist in non-photosynthetic tissue. Here, we characterized a lower plastid glycolysis-gluconeogenesis pathway enabling the direct interconversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and phospho-enol-pyruvate in diatoms, ecologically important marine algae distantly related to plants. We show that two reversible enzymes required to complete diatom plastid glycolysis-gluconeogenesis, Enolase and bis-phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM), originated through duplications of mitochondria-targeted respiratory isoforms. Through CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, integrative 'omic analyses, and measured kinetics of expressed enzymes in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, we present evidence that this pathway diverts plastid glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into the pyruvate hub, and may also function in the gluconeogenic direction. Considering experimental data, we show that this pathway has different roles dependent in particular on day length and environmental temperature, and show that the cpEnolase and cpPGAM genes are expressed at elevated levels in high-latitude oceans where diatoms are abundant. Our data provide evolutionary, meta-genomic, and functional insights into a poorly understood yet evolutionarily recurrent plastid metabolic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Dorrell
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology (LCQB), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Metabolomics, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Central Plant Metabolism Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Nolwenn Gueguen
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tomomi Nonoyama
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Dany Croteau
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), Université PSL, Paris 75005, France
| | - Mathias Penot-Raquin
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology (LCQB), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sandrine Adiba
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), Université PSL, Paris 75005, France
| | - Valérie Gros
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Juan José Pierella Karlusich
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Nathanaël Zweig
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Plant Metabolomics, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Central Plant Metabolism Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maciel F, Madureira L, Geada P, Teixeira JA, Silva J, Vicente AA. The potential of Pavlovophyceae species as a source of valuable carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids for human consumption. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108381. [PMID: 38777244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are a group of microorganisms, mostly photoautotrophs with high CO2 fixation capacity, that have gained increased attention in the last decades due to their ability to produce a wide range of valuable metabolites, such as carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, for application in food/feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical industries. Their increasing relevance has highlighted the importance of identifying and culturing new bioactive-rich microalgae species, as well as of a thorough understanding of the growth conditions to optimize the biomass production and master the biochemical composition according to the desired application. Thus, this review intends to describe the main cell processes behind the production of carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in order to understand the possible main triggers responsible for the accumulation of those biocompounds. Their economic value and the biological relevance for human consumption are also summarized. In addition, an extensive review of the impact of culture conditions on microalgae growth performance and their biochemical composition is presented, focusing mainly on the studies involving Pavlovophyceae species. A complementary description of the biochemical composition of these microalgae is also presented, highlighting their potential applications as a promising bioresource of compounds for large-scale production and human and animal consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Maciel
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Leandro Madureira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Geada
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - José António Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Joana Silva
- ALLMICROALGAE, Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril 19, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal.
| | - António Augusto Vicente
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jouhet J, Alves E, Boutté Y, Darnet S, Domergue F, Durand T, Fischer P, Fouillen L, Grube M, Joubès J, Kalnenieks U, Kargul JM, Khozin-Goldberg I, Leblanc C, Letsiou S, Lupette J, Markov GV, Medina I, Melo T, Mojzeš P, Momchilova S, Mongrand S, Moreira ASP, Neves BB, Oger C, Rey F, Santaeufemia S, Schaller H, Schleyer G, Tietel Z, Zammit G, Ziv C, Domingues R. Plant and algal lipidomes: Analysis, composition, and their societal significance. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 96:101290. [PMID: 39094698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Plants and algae play a crucial role in the earth's ecosystems. Through photosynthesis they convert light energy into chemical energy, capture CO2 and produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthetic organisms are primary producers and synthesize the essential omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. They have also unique and highly diverse complex lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, sphingolipids and phytosterols, with nutritional and health benefits. Plant and algal lipids are useful in food, feed, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries but also for green chemistry and bioenergy. The analysis of plant and algal lipidomes represents a significant challenge due to the intricate and diverse nature of their composition, as well as their plasticity under changing environmental conditions. Optimization of analytical tools is crucial for an in-depth exploration of the lipidome of plants and algae. This review highlights how lipidomics analytical tools can be used to establish a complete mapping of plant and algal lipidomes. Acquiring this knowledge will pave the way for the use of plants and algae as sources of tailored lipids for both industrial and environmental applications. This aligns with the main challenges for society, upholding the natural resources of our planet and respecting their limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/INRAE/CEA/Grenoble Alpes Univ., 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Pauline Fischer
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Mara Grube
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Uldis Kalnenieks
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Joanna M Kargul
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Dryland Agriculture and Biotechnology, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Sophia Letsiou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spiridonos str. Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Peter Mojzeš
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana Momchilova
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 9, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Bruna B Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Felisa Rey
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sergio Santaeufemia
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guy Schleyer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev 8531100, Israel
| | - Gabrielle Zammit
- Laboratory of Applied Phycology, Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao X, Cong P, Song Y, Meng N, Fan X, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu J, Xue C. Comprehensive Lipidomic Analysis of Three Edible Microalgae Species Based on RPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39022817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae, integral to marine ecosystems for their rich nutrient content, notably lipids and proteins, were investigated by using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). This study focused on lipid composition in three commonly used microalgae species (Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, and Schizochytrium limacinum) for functional food applications. The analysis unveiled more than 700 lipid molecular species, including glycolipids (GLs), phospholipids (PLs), sphingolipids (SLs), glycerolipids, and betaine lipids (BLs). GLs (19.9-64.8%) and glycerolipids (24.1-70.4%) comprised the primary lipid. Some novel lipid content, such as acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (acMGDG) and acylated digalactosyldiacylglycerols (acDGDG), ranged from 0.62 to 9.68%. The analysis revealed substantial GLs, PLs, and glycerolipid variations across microalgae species. Notably, S. platensis and C. vulgaris displayed a predominance of fatty acid (FA) 18:2 and FA 18:3 in GLs, while S. limacinum exhibited a prevalence of FA 16:0, collectively constituting over 60% of the FAs of GLs. In terms of PLs and glycerolipids, S. platensis and C. vulgaris displayed elevated levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), whereas S. limacinum exhibited a significant presence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed MGDG (16:0/18:1), DG (16:0/22:5), Cer (d18:1/20:0), and LPC (16:1) as promising lipid markers for discriminating between these microalgae samples. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of lipid profiles in three microalgae species, emphasizing their distinct biochemical characteristics and potentially informing us of their high-value utilization in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province266003, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province266003, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province266003, China
| | - Nan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province266003, China
| | - Xiaowei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province266003, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province266003, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province266003, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province266003, China
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266235, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sanchez-Arcos C, Mutalipassi M, Zupo V, von Elert E. Cell-Death Metabolites from Cocconeis scutellum var. parva Identified by Integrating Bioactivity-Based Fractionation and Non-Targeted Metabolomic Approaches. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:320. [PMID: 39057429 PMCID: PMC11278434 DOI: 10.3390/md22070320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epiphytic diatoms growing in Mediterranean seagrass meadows, particularly those of the genus Cocconeis, are abundant and ecologically significant, even in naturally acidified environments. One intriguing aspect of some benthic diatoms is their production of an unidentified cell-death-promoting compound, which induces destruction of the androgenic gland in Hippolyte inermis Leach, 1816, a shrimp exhibiting protandric hermaphroditism, principally under normal environmental pH levels. The consumption of Cocconeis spp. by this shrimp is vital for maintaining the stability of its natural populations. Although many attempts have been made to reveal the identity of the apoptotic compound, it is still unknown. In this study, we strategically integrated a bioactivity-based fractionation, a metabolomic approach, and two different experimental avenues to identify potential apoptotic metabolites from Cocconeis scutellum var. parva responsible for the sex reversal in H. inermis. Our integrated analysis uncovered two potential candidate metabolites, one putatively identified as a lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) (16:1) and the other classified as a fatty acid ester. This is the first time LPG (16:1) has been reported in C. scutellum var. parva and associated with cell-death processes. These candidate metabolites mark substantial progress in elucidating the factors responsible for triggering the removal of the androgenic gland in the early post-larval phases of H. inermis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanchez-Arcos
- Institute for Zoology, Cologne Biocenter University of Cologne, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Mirko Mutalipassi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80122 Napoli, Italy;
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Center, Punta San Pietro, 80077 Ischia, Italy
| | - Eric von Elert
- Institute for Zoology, Cologne Biocenter University of Cologne, 50674 Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin L, Lin J, Zhou M, Yuan Y, Li Z. Lipid remodelling and the conversion of lipids into sugars associated with tolerance to cadmium toxicity during white clover seed germination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14433. [PMID: 38994561 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a leading environmental issue worldwide. The current study was conducted to investigate Cd tolerance of 10 commercial white clover (Trifolium repens) cultivars during seed germination and to further explore differences in lipid remodelling, glycometabolism, and the conversion of lipids into sugars contributing to Cd tolerance in the early phase of seedling establishment as well as the accumulation of Cd in seedlings and mature plants. The results show that Cd stress significantly reduced seed germination of 10 cultivars. Compared to Cd-sensitive Sulky, Cd-tolerant Pixie accelerated amylolysis to produce more glucose, fructose, and sucrose by maintaining higher amylase and sucrase activities under Cd stress. Pixie maintained higher contents of various lipids, higher DGDG/MGDG ratio, and lower unsaturation levels of lipids, which could be beneficial to membrane stability and integrity as well as signal transduction in cells after being subjected to Cd stress. In addition, Pixie upregulated expression levels of key genes (TrACX1, TrACX4, TrSDP6, and TrPCK1) involved in the conversion of lipids into sugars for early seedling establishment under Cd stress. These findings indicate that lipid remodelling, enhanced glycometabolism, and accelerated conversion of lipids into sugars are important adaptive strategies for white clover seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment under Cd stress. In addition, Pixie not only accumulated more Cd in seedlings and mature plants than Sulky but also had significantly better growth and phytoremediation efficiency under Cd stress. Pixie could be used as a suitable and critical germplasm for the rehabilitation and re-establishment of Cd-contaminated areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Lin
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junnan Lin
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu H, Ye Z, Xu Z, Wei L. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Effect of Urea on Metabolism of Nannochloropsis oceanica. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:797. [PMID: 39063552 PMCID: PMC11278182 DOI: 10.3390/life14070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica represents a promising bioresource for the production of biofuels and pharmaceuticals. Urea, a crucial nutrient for the photosynthetic N. oceanica, stimulates the accumulation of substances such as lipids, which influence growth and physiology. However, the specific mechanisms by which N. oceanica responds and adapts to urea addition remain unknown. High-throughput mRNA sequencing and differential gene expression analysis under control and urea-added conditions revealed significant metabolic changes. This involved the differential expression of 2104 genes, with 1354 being upregulated and 750 downregulated, resulting in the reprogramming of crucial pathways such as carbon and nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, and lipid metabolism. The results specifically showed that genes associated with photosynthesis in N. oceanica were significantly downregulated, particularly those related to light-harvesting proteins. Interestingly, urea absorption and transport may depend not only on specialized transport channels such as urease but also on alternative transport channels such as the ABC transporter family and the CLC protein family. In addition, urea caused specific changes in carbon and lipid metabolism. Genes associated with the Calvin cycle and carbon concentration mechanisms were significantly upregulated. In lipid metabolism, the expression of genes associated with lipases and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis was highly activated. Furthermore, the expression of several genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and folate metabolism was enhanced, making important contributions to energy supply and the synthesis and modification of genes and macromolecules. Our observations indicate that N. oceanica actively and dynamically regulates the redistribution of carbon and nitrogen after urea addition, providing references for further research on the effects of urea on N. oceanica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- Hainan Observation and Research Station of Dongzhaigang Mangrove Wetland Ecosystem, Haikou 571129, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Laboratory for Marine Microalgae Ecological Carbon Sinks, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zhenli Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zhengru Xu
- College of Foreign Language, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571157, China
| | - Li Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- Hainan Observation and Research Station of Dongzhaigang Mangrove Wetland Ecosystem, Haikou 571129, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Laboratory for Marine Microalgae Ecological Carbon Sinks, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Koh HG, Jeon S, Kim M, Chang YK, Park K, Park SH, Kang NK. Optimization and mechanism analysis of photosynthetic EPA production in Nannochloropsis salina: Evaluating the effect of temperature and nitrogen concentrations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108729. [PMID: 38754177 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae, recognized as sustainable and eco-friendly photosynthetic microorganisms, play a pivotal role in converting CO2 into value-added products. Among these, Nannochloropsis salina (Microchloropsis salina) stands out, particularly for its ability to produce eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a crucial omega-3 fatty acid with significant health benefits such as anti-inflammatory properties and cardiovascular health promotion. This study focused on optimizing the cultivation conditions of Nannochloropsis salina to maximize EPA production. We thoroughly investigated the effects of varying temperatures and nitrogen (NaNO3) concentrations on biomass, total lipid content, and EPA proportions. We successfully identified optimal conditions at an initial NaNO3 concentration of 1.28 g.L-1 and a temperature of 21 °C. This condition was further validated by response surface methodology, which resulted in the highest EPA productivity reported in batch systems (14.4 mg.L-1.day-1). Quantitative real-time PCR and transcriptomic analysis also demonstrated a positive correlation between specific gene expressions and enhanced EPA production. Through a comprehensive lipid analysis and photosynthetic pigment analysis, we deduced that the production of EPA in Nannochloropsis salina seemed to be produced by the remodeling of chloroplast membrane lipids. These findings provide crucial insights into how temperature and nutrient availability influence fatty acid composition in N. salina, offering valuable guidance for developing strategies to improve EPA production in various microalgae species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gi Koh
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjib Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Klińska-Bąchor S, Demski K, Gong Y, Banaś A. Biochemical characterization of acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and its potential effect on LC-PUFAs biosynthesis in planta. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:309. [PMID: 38649801 PMCID: PMC11036593 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), belonging to ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-LC-PUFAs), are essential components of human diet. They are mainly supplemented by marine fish consumption, although their native producers are oleaginous microalgae. Currently, increasing demand for fish oils is insufficient to meet the entire global needs, which puts pressure on searching for the alternative solutions. One possibility may be metabolic engineering of plants with an introduced enzymatic pathway producing ω3-LC-PUFAs. RESULT In this study we focused on the acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase2b (PtDGAT2b) from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, an enzyme responsible for triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis via acyl-CoA-dependent pathway. Gene encoding PtDGAT2b, incorporated into TAG-deficient yeast strain H1246, was used to confirm its activity and conduct biochemical characterization. PtDGAT2b exhibited a broad acyl-CoA preference with both di-16:0-DAG and di-18:1-DAG, whereas di-18:1-DAG was favored. The highest preference for acyl donors was observed for 16:1-, 10:0- and 12:0-CoA. PtDGAT2b also very efficiently utilized CoA-conjugated ω-3 LC-PUFAs (stearidonic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid and EPA). Additionally, verification of the potential role of PtDGAT2b in planta, through its transient expression in tobacco leaves, indicated increased TAG production with its relative amount increasing to 8%. Its co-expression with the gene combinations aimed at EPA biosynthesis led to, beside elevated TAG accumulation, efficient accumulation of EPA which constituted even 25.1% of synthesized non-native fatty acids (9.2% of all fatty acids in TAG pool). CONCLUSIONS This set of experiments provides a comprehensive biochemical characterization of DGAT enzyme from marine microalgae. Additionally, this study elucidates that PtDGAT2b can be used successfully in metabolic engineering of plants designed to obtain a boosted TAG level, enriched not only in ω-3 LC-PUFAs but also in medium-chain and ω-7 fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Klińska-Bąchor
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Kamil Demski
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Yangmin Gong
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wood PL, Wood MD, Kunigelis SC. Pilot Lipidomics Study of Copepods: Investigation of Potential Lipid-Based Biomarkers for the Early Detection and Quantification of the Biological Effects of Climate Change on the Oceanic Food Chain. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2335. [PMID: 38137936 PMCID: PMC10744631 DOI: 10.3390/life13122335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the health of our oceans is critical for the survival of the oceanic food chain upon which humanity is dependent. Zooplanktonic copepods are among the most numerous multicellular organisms on earth. As the base of the primary consumer food web, they constitute a major biomass in oceans, being an important food source for fish and functioning in the carbon cycle. The potential impact of climate change on copepod populations is an area of intense study. Omics technologies offer the potential to detect early metabolic alterations induced by the stresses of climate change. One such omics approach is lipidomics, which can accurately quantify changes in lipid pools serving structural, signal transduction, and energy roles. We utilized high-resolution mass spectrometry (≤2 ppm mass error) to characterize the lipidome of three different species of copepods in an effort to identify lipid-based biomarkers of copepod health and viability which are more sensitive than observational tools. With the establishment of such a lipid database, we will have an analytical platform useful for prospectively monitoring the lipidome of copepods in a planned long-term five-year ecological study of climate change on this oceanic sentinel species. The copepods examined in this pilot study included a North Atlantic species (Calanus finmarchicus) and two species from the Gulf of Mexico, one a filter feeder (Acartia tonsa) and one a hunter (Labidocerca aestiva). Our findings clearly indicate that the lipidomes of copepod species can vary greatly, supporting the need to obtain a broad snapshot of each unique lipidome in a long-term multigeneration prospective study of climate change. This is critical, since there may well be species-specific responses to the stressors of climate change and co-stressors such as pollution. While lipid nomenclature and biochemistry are extremely complex, it is not essential for all readers interested in climate change to understand all of the various lipid classes presented in this study. The clear message from this research is that we can monitor key copepod lipid families with high accuracy, and therefore potentially monitor lipid families that respond to environmental perturbations evoked by climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy., Harrogate, TN 37752, USA
| | - Michael D. Wood
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital & Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada;
| | - Stan C. Kunigelis
- Imaging and Analysis Center, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy., Harrogate, TN 37752, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Naasko KI, Naylor D, Graham EB, Couvillion SP, Danczak R, Tolic N, Nicora C, Fransen S, Tao H, Hofmockel KS, Jansson JK. Influence of soil depth, irrigation, and plant genotype on the soil microbiome, metaphenome, and carbon chemistry. mBio 2023; 14:e0175823. [PMID: 37728606 PMCID: PMC10653930 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01758-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Carbon is cycled through the air, plants, and belowground environment. Understanding soil carbon cycling in deep soil profiles will be important to mitigate climate change. Soil carbon cycling is impacted by water, plants, and soil microorganisms, in addition to soil mineralogy. Measuring biotic and abiotic soil properties provides a perspective of how soil microorganisms interact with the surrounding chemical environment. This study emphasizes the importance of considering biotic interactions with inorganic and oxidizable soil carbon in addition to total organic carbon in carbonate-containing soils for better informing soil carbon management decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine I. Naasko
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel Naylor
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Emily B. Graham
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Sneha P. Couvillion
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Danczak
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Nikola Tolic
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Carrie Nicora
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Steven Fransen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington, USA
| | - Haiying Tao
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kirsten S. Hofmockel
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Janet K. Jansson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Murison V, Hérault J, Côme M, Guinio S, Lebon A, Chamot C, Bénard M, Galas L, Schoefs B, Marchand J, Bardor M, Ulmann L. Comparison of two Phaeodactylum tricornutum ecotypes under nitrogen starvation and resupply reveals distinct lipid accumulation strategies but a common degradation process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1257500. [PMID: 37810403 PMCID: PMC10556672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1257500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model species frequently used to study lipid metabolism in diatoms. When exposed to a nutrient limitation or starvation, diatoms are known to accumulate neutral lipids in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs). Those lipids are produced partly de novo and partly from the recycle of plastid membrane lipids. Under a nitrogen resupply, the accumulated lipids are catabolized, a phenomenon about which only a few data are available. Various strains of P. tricornutum have been isolated around the world that may differ in lipid accumulation patterns. Methods To get further information on this topic, two genetically distant ecotypes of P. tricornutum (Pt1 and Pt4) have been cultivated under nitrogen deprivation during 11 days followed by a resupply period of 3 days. The importance of cytoplasmic LDs relative to the plastid was assessed by a combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy and cell volume estimation using bright field microscopy pictures. Results and discussion We observed that in addition to a basal population of small LDs (0.005 μm3 to 0.7 μm3) present in both strains all along the experiment, Pt4 cells immediately produced two large LDs (up to 12 μm3 after 11 days) while Pt1 cells progressively produced a higher number of smaller LDs (up to 7 μm3 after 11 days). In this work we showed that, in addition to intracellular available space, lipid accumulation may be limited by the pre-starvation size of the plastid as a source of membrane lipids to be recycled. After resupplying nitrogen and for both ecotypes, a fragmentation of the largest LDs was observed as well as a possible migration of LDs to the vacuoles that would suggest an autophagic degradation. Altogether, our results deepen the understanding of LDs dynamics and open research avenues for a better knowledge of lipid degradation in diatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Murison
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Martine Côme
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Sabrina Guinio
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Alexis Lebon
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Chamot
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Bénard
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire GlycoMEV UR4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, Rouen, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karaś MA, Turska-Szewczuk A, Komaniecka I, Łotocka B. Lipidomics Analysis of Multilamellar Bodies Produced by Amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii in Co-Culture with Klebsiella aerogenes. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030411. [PMID: 36986333 PMCID: PMC10057378 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multilamellar bodies (MLBs) are membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles of lysosomal origin. In some protozoa, they were considered as lipid storage secretory organelles and feasible participants in cell-to-cell communication. However, for Acanthamoeba castellanii, similar vesicles were indicated only as possible transmission vectors of several pathogenic bacteria without attributing them biological roles and activities. Since amoebae belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba are not only of environmental but also of clinical significance, it is of great importance to fully understand their physiology. Thus, determination of MLB lipid composition could partly address these questions. Because MLBs are secreted by amoebae as a result of bacteria digestion, the co-culture technique with the use of “edible” Klebsiella aerogenes was used for their production. Lipids obtained from The MLB fraction, previously purified from bacterial debris, were analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Lipidomic analysis revealed that in MLBs, a very abundant lipid class was a non-phosphorous, polar glycerolipids, diacylglyceryl-O-(N,N,N)-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS). Since DGTSs are regarded as a source of nitrogen and fatty acids, MLBs can be considered as lipid storage organelles produced in stress conditions. Further, the identification of phytoceramides and possible new betaine derivatives indicates that MLBs might have a distinct bioactive potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Anna Karaś
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Turska-Szewczuk
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Łotocka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Feussner K, Abreu IN, Klein M, Feussner I. Metabolite fingerprinting: A powerful metabolomics approach for marker identification and functional gene annotation. Methods Enzymol 2023; 680:325-350. [PMID: 36710017 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted metabolome approaches aim to detect metabolite markers related to stress, disease, developmental or genetic perturbation. In the later context, it is also a powerful means for functional gene annotation. A prerequisite for non-targeted metabolome analyses are methods for comprehensive metabolite extraction. We present three extraction protocols for a highly efficient extraction of metabolites from plant material with a very broad metabolite coverage. The presented metabolite fingerprinting workflow is based on liquid chromatography high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC-HRAM-MS), which provides suitable separation of the complex sample matrix for the analysis of compounds of different polarity by positive and negative electrospray ionization and mass spectrometry. The resulting data sets are then analyzed with the software suite MarVis and the web-based interface MetaboAnalyst. MarVis offers a straightforward workflow for statistical analysis, data merging as well as visualization of multivariate data, while MetaboAnalyst is used in our hands as complementary software for statistics, correlation networks and figure generation. Finally, MarVis provides access to species-specific metabolite and pathway data bases like KEGG and BioCyc and to custom data bases tailored by the user to connect the identified markers or features with metabolites. In addition, identified marker candidates can be interactively visualized and inspected in metabolic pathway maps by KEGG pathways for a more detailed functional annotation and confirmed by mass spectrometry fragmentation experiments or coelution with authentic standards. Together this workflow is a valuable toolbox to identify novel metabolites, metabolic steps or regulatory principles and pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Feussner
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Klein
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hoffmann DY, Shachar-Hill Y. Do betaine lipids replace phosphatidylcholine as fatty acid editing hubs in microalgae? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1077347. [PMID: 36743481 PMCID: PMC9892843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1077347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl editing refers to a deacylation and reacylation cycle on a lipid, which allows for fatty acid desaturation and modification prior to being removed and incorporated into other pools. Acyl editing is an important determinant of glycerolipid synthesis and has been well-characterized in land plants, thus this review begins with an overview of acyl editing in plants. Much less is known about acyl editing in algae, including the extent to which acyl editing impacts lipid synthesis and on which lipid substrate(s) it occurs. This review compares what is known about acyl editing on its major hub phosphatidylcholine (PC) in land plants with the evidence for acyl editing of betaine lipids such as diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (DGTS), the structural analog that replaces PC in several species of microalgae. In land plants, PC is also known to be a major source of fatty acids and diacylglycerol (DAG) for synthesis of the neutral lipid triacylglycerol (TAG). We review the evidence that DGTS contributes substantially to TAG accumulation in algae as a source of fatty acids, but not as a precursor to DAG. We conclude with evidence of acyl editing on other membrane lipid substrates in plants and algae apart from PC or DGTS, and discuss future analyses to elucidate the role of DGTS and other betaine lipids in acyl editing in microalgae.
Collapse
|
16
|
Feng H, Meng P, Zhang S, Chen W, Wang H, Wang C. Insights from comparative transcriptome analysis in the responses of Pb-tolerant fungi Curvularia tsudae to Pb stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114476. [PMID: 38321691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The fungus Curvularia tsudae can survive in environments that are extremely contaminated by heavy metals; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance are not clear. In this study, we determined the effects of lead (Pb) stress on the growth of C. tsudae and used RNA-Seq to identify significant genes and biological processes involved. The present study showed that C. tsudae had an outstanding resistant capacity to Pb stress and could survive at a concentration of 1600 mg L-1 Pb. Although an obvious inhibition on the growth was observed, the fungus exhibited tolerance as it continued to grow at a Pb concentration of 1600 mg L-1 for seven days. A total of 9997 (9020 up and 977 down) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the mycelium of C. tsudae at Pb free (0 mg L-1) and Pb stressed samples. Pathway enrichment analysis identified several biological processes for managing Pb stress. Genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism tended to be modulated in response to Pb stress, while amino acids and the lipid metabolism would also be induced by Pb stress, and up-regulated genes involved in antioxidant substances and ABC transporters may be committed to high Pb tolerance. Our study contributes to the current literature on C. tsudae response to Pb stress and provides a useful reference for fungi as bioremediators in heavy metal-contaminated environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Feng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panpan Meng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shouxia Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Okara Waste as a Substrate for the Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum Enhances the Production of Algal Biomass, Fucoxanthin, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rich nutritional content of okara, the majority remains underutilized and discarded as food waste. In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara with food-grade fungi was performed to extract and solubilize any remnant nutrients locked within the lignocellulosic matrix to produce a nutrient-rich okara fermentate. Fermented okara media (FOM) was used as the sole nutrient source for growing marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Results have shown a two-fold increase in biomass production when grown on FOM (0.52 g L−1) as compared with conventional Guillard’s F/2 media (0.25 g L−1). Furthermore, cellular fucoxanthin content was enhanced significantly by two-fold to reach a final concentration of 15.3 mg g−1 compared to 7.3 mg g−1. Additionally, a significantly higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was produced, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) which yield has increased by nearly three-fold. Metabolomics analysis of intracellular contents in fermented okara culture revealed a significantly enhanced accumulation of nitrogenous metabolites, alongside the decrease in sugar metabolites as compared to F/2 culture, thus indicating metabolic flux towards pathways involved in cellular growth. This study demonstrated an innovative and low-cost strategy of using fermented okara as a nutritious substrate for achieving a sustainable media replacement for high density algal growth with a simultaneous enhancement of production in highly valued nutraceuticals, including fucoxanthin and EPA.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Krawczyk HE, Rotsch AH, Herrfurth C, Scholz P, Shomroni O, Salinas-Riester G, Feussner I, Ischebeck T. Heat stress leads to rapid lipid remodeling and transcriptional adaptations in Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:490-515. [PMID: 35302599 PMCID: PMC9157110 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
After reaching the stigma, pollen grains germinate and form a pollen tube that transports the sperm cells to the ovule. Due to selection pressure between pollen tubes, pollen grains likely evolved mechanisms to quickly adapt to temperature changes to sustain elongation at the highest possible rate. We investigated these adaptions in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes grown in vitro under 22°C and 37°C by a multi-omics approach including lipidomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis. Both glycerophospholipids and galactoglycerolipids increased in saturated acyl chains under heat stress (HS), while triacylglycerols (TGs) changed less in respect to desaturation but increased in abundance. Free sterol composition was altered, and sterol ester levels decreased. The levels of sterylglycosides and several sphingolipid classes and species were augmented. Most amino acid levels increased during HS, including the noncodogenic amino acids γ-amino butyrate and pipecolate. Furthermore, the sugars sedoheptulose and sucrose showed higher levels. Also, the transcriptome underwent pronounced changes with 1,570 of 24,013 genes being differentially upregulated and 813 being downregulated. Transcripts coding for heat shock proteins and many transcriptional regulators were most strongly upregulated but also transcripts that have so far not been linked to HS. Transcripts involved in TG synthesis increased, while the modulation of acyl chain desaturation seemed not to be transcriptionally controlled, indicating other means of regulation. In conclusion, we show that tobacco pollen tubes are able to rapidly remodel their lipidome under HS likely by post-transcriptional and/or post-translational regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Elisa Krawczyk
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Helmut Rotsch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- NGS—Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Institute of Human Genetics, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- NGS—Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Institute of Human Genetics, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Green Biotechnology, Münster 48143, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kato Y, Inabe K, Hidese R, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. Metabolomics-based engineering for biofuel and bio-based chemical production in microalgae and cyanobacteria: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126196. [PMID: 34710610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics, an essential tool in modern synthetic biology based on the design-build-test-learn platform, is useful for obtaining a detailed understanding of cellular metabolic mechanisms through comprehensive analyses of the metabolite pool size and its dynamic changes. Metabolomics is critical to the design of a rational metabolic engineering strategy by determining the rate-limiting reaction and assimilated carbon distribution in a biosynthetic pathway of interest. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are promising photosynthetic producers of biofuels and bio-based chemicals, with high potential for developing a bioeconomic society through bio-based carbon neutral manufacturing. Metabolomics technologies optimized for photosynthetic organisms have been developed and utilized in various microalgal and cyanobacterial species. This review provides a concise overview of recent achievements in photosynthetic metabolomics, emphasizing the importance of microalgal and cyanobacterial cell factories that satisfy industrial requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kato
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inabe
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Hidese
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen H, Wang Q. Regulatory mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in microalgae. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2373-2391. [PMID: 34101323 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal lipids are highly promising feedstocks for biofuel production. Microalgal lipids, especially triacylglycerol, and practical applications of these compounds have received increasing attention in recent years. For the commercial use of microalgal lipids to be feasible, many fundamental biological questions must be addressed based on detailed studies of algal biology, including how lipid biosynthesis occurs and is regulated. Here, we review the current understanding of microalgal lipid biosynthesis, with a focus on the underlying regulatory mechanisms. We also present possible solutions for overcoming various obstacles to understanding the basic biology of microalgal lipid biosynthesis and the practical application of microalgae-based lipids. This review will provide a theoretical reference for both algal researchers and decision makers regarding the future directions of microalgal research, particularly pertaining to microalgal-based lipid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Smith R, Jouhet J, Gandini C, Nekrasov V, Marechal E, Napier JA, Sayanova O. Plastidial acyl carrier protein Δ9-desaturase modulates eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol accumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1247-1259. [PMID: 33725374 PMCID: PMC8360179 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum accumulates up to 35% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n3) and has been used as a model organism to study long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis due to an excellent annotated genome sequence and established transformation system. In P. tricornutum, the majority of EPA accumulates in polar lipids, particularly in galactolipids such as mono- and di-galactosyldiacylglycerol. LC-PUFA biosynthesis is considered to start from oleic acid (18:1n9). EPA can be synthesized via a series of desaturation and elongation steps occurring at the endoplasmic reticulum and newly synthesized EPA is then imported into the plastids for incorporation into galactolipids via an unknown route. The basis for the flux of EPA is fundamental to understanding LC-PUFA biosynthesis in diatoms. We used P. tricornutum to study acyl modifying activities, upstream of 18:1n9, on subsequent LC-PUFA biosynthesis. We identified the gene coding for the plastidial acyl carrier protein Δ9-desaturase, a key enzyme in fatty acid modification and analyzed the impact of overexpression and knock out of this gene on glycerolipid metabolism. This revealed a previously unknown role of this soluble desaturase in EPA synthesis and production of triacylglycerol. This study provides further insight into the distinctive nature of lipid metabolism in the marine diatom P. tricornutum and suggests additional approaches for tailoring oil composition in microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Smith
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsAL5 2JQUK
- Present address:
AlgenuityEden LaboratoryBroadmead RoadStewartbyMK43 9NDUK
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRSIRAECEAIRIGGrenoble38000France
| | - Chiara Gandini
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsAL5 2JQUK
- Present address:
Open Bioeconomy LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Vladimir Nekrasov
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsAL5 2JQUK
| | - Eric Marechal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRSIRAECEAIRIGGrenoble38000France
| | | | - Olga Sayanova
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsAL5 2JQUK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kapoore RV, Wood EE, Llewellyn CA. Algae biostimulants: A critical look at microalgal biostimulants for sustainable agricultural practices. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107754. [PMID: 33892124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For the growing human population to be sustained during present climatic changes, enhanced quality and quantity of crops are essential to enable food security worldwide. The current consensus is that we need to make a transition from a petroleum-based to a bio-based economy via the development of a sustainable circular economy and biorefinery approaches. Both macroalgae (seaweeds) and microalgae have been long considered a rich source of plant biostimulants with an attractive business opportunity in agronomy and agro-industries. To date, macroalgae biostimulants have been well explored. In contrast, microalgal biostimulants whilst known to have positive effects on development, growth and yields of crops, their commercial implementation is constrained by lack of research and cost of production. The present review highlights the current knowledge on potential biostimulatory compounds, key sources and their quantitative information from algae. Specifically, we provide an overview on the prospects of microalgal biostimulants to advance crop production and quality. Key aspects such as specific biostimulant effects caused by extracts of microalgae, feasibility and potential of co-cultures and later co-application with other biostimulants/biofertilizers are highlighted. An overview of the current knowledge, recent advances and achievements on extraction techniques, application type, application timing, current market and regulatory aspects are also discussed. Moreover, aspects involved in circular economy and biorefinery approaches are also covered, such as: integration of waste resources and implementation of high-throughput phenotyping and -omics tools in isolating novel strains, exploring synergistic interactions and illustrating the underlying mode of microalgal biostimulant action. Overall, this review highlights the current and future potential of microalgal biostimulants, algal biochemical components behind these traits and finally bottlenecks and prospects involved in the successful commercialisation of microalgal biostimulants for sustainable agricultural practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Vijay Kapoore
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Eleanor E Wood
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Carole A Llewellyn
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Leyland B, Zarka A, Didi-Cohen S, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I. High Resolution Proteome of Lipid Droplets Isolated from the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae) Strain pt4 provides mechanistic insights into complex intracellular coordination during nitrogen deprivation. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:1642-1663. [PMID: 32779202 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are an organelle conserved amongst all eukaryotes, consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a polar lipid monolayer. Many species of microalgae accumulate LDs in response to stress conditions, such as nitrogen starvation. Here, we report the isolation and proteomic profiling of LD proteins from the model oleaginous pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, strain Pt4 (UTEX 646). We also provide a quantitative description of LD morphological ontogeny, and fatty acid content. Novel cell disruption and LD isolation methods, combined with suspension-trapping and nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, yielded an unprecedented number of LD proteins. Predictive annotation of the LD proteome suggests a broad assemblage of proteins with diverse functions, including lipid metabolism and vesicle trafficking, as well as ribosomal and proteasomal machinery. These proteins provide mechanistic insights into LD processes, and evidence for interactions between LDs and other organelles. We identify for the first time several key steps in diatom LD-associated triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Bioinformatic analyses of the LD proteome suggests multiple protein targeting mechanisms, including amphipathic helices, post-translational modifications, and translocation machinery. This work corroborates recent findings from other strains of P. tricornutum, other diatoms, and other eukaryotic organisms, suggesting that the fundamental proteins orchestrating LDs are conserved, and represent an ancient component of the eukaryotic endomembrane system. We postulate a comprehensive model of nitrogen starvation-induced diatom LDs on a molecular scale, and provide a wealth of candidates for metabolic engineering, with the potential to eventually customize LD contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Leyland
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Aliza Zarka
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Shoshana Didi-Cohen
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Feijão E, Franzitta M, Cabrita MT, Caçador I, Duarte B, Gameiro C, Matos AR. Marine heat waves alter gene expression of key enzymes of membrane and storage lipids metabolism in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:357-368. [PMID: 33002714 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Across the globe, heat waves are getting more intense and frequent. Diatoms are a major group of microalgae at the base of the marine food webs and an important source of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are transferred through the food web. The present study investigates the possible impacts of temperature increase on lipid classes and expression of genes encoding enzymes related to lipid metabolism in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The heat wave exposure caused an increase in the relative amounts of plastidial lipids such as the glycolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) in parallel with a decrease in the neutral lipid fraction, which includes triacylglycerols. In agreement, gene expression analyses revealed an up-regulation of a gene encoding one MGDG synthase and down-regulation of a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), a key enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis. Our results show that heat waves not only negatively impact the abundance of unsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3n-4) as observed by the decrease in their relative abundance in MGDG and neutral lipids, respectively, but also induce changes in the relative amounts of the diverse membrane lipids as well as the proportion of membrane/storage lipids. The expression study of key genes indicates that some of the aforementioned alterations are regulated at the transcription level whereas others appear to be post-transcriptional. The changes observed in plastidial lipids are related to negative impacts on the photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Feijão
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marco Franzitta
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cabrita
- Centro de Estudos Geográficos (CEG), Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território (IGOT), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Branca Edmée Marques, 1600-276, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Gameiro
- IPMA, Instituto Português do Mar e Atmosfera, Div-RP - Divisão de Modelação e Gestão de Recursos de Pesca, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jallet D, Xing D, Hughes A, Moosburner M, Simmons MP, Allen AE, Peers G. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation is required for storage-lipid catabolism in a marine diatom. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:946-958. [PMID: 32535932 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic growth in nature requires the accumulation of energy-containing molecules via photosynthesis during daylight to fuel nighttime catabolism. Many diatoms store photosynthate as the neutral lipid triacylglycerol (TAG). While the pathways of diatom fatty acid and TAG synthesis appear to be well conserved with plants, the pathways of TAG catabolism and downstream fatty acid β-oxidation have not been characterised in diatoms. We identified a putative mitochondria-targeted, bacterial-type acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (PtMACAD1) that is present in Stramenopile and Hacrobian eukaryotes, but not found in plants, animals or fungi. Gene knockout, protein-YFP tags and physiological assays were used to determine PtMACAD1's role in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PtMACAD1 is located in the mitochondria. Absence of PtMACAD1 led to no consumption of TAG at night and slower growth in light : dark cycles compared with wild-type. Accumulation of transcripts encoding peroxisomal-based β-oxidation did not change in response to day : night cycles or to PtMACAD1 knockout. Mutants also hyperaccumulated TAG after the amelioration of N limitation. We conclude that diatoms utilise mitochondrial β-oxidation; this is in stark contrast to the peroxisomal-based pathways observed in plants and green algae. We infer that this pattern is caused by retention of catabolic pathways from the host during plastid secondary endosymbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Jallet
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Denghui Xing
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Alexander Hughes
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Mark Moosburner
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mark P Simmons
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Andrew E Allen
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tomčala A, Michálek J, Schneedorferová I, Füssy Z, Gruber A, Vancová M, Oborník M. Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Chromerids. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1102. [PMID: 32722284 PMCID: PMC7464705 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are essential components of biological membranes, important for the maintenance of cellular structures, especially in organisms with complex life cycles like protozoan parasites. Apicomplexans are obligate parasites responsible for various deadly diseases of humans and livestock. We analyzed the fatty acids produced by the closest phototrophic relatives of parasitic apicomplexans, the chromerids Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis, and investigated the genes coding for enzymes involved in fatty acids biosynthesis in chromerids, in comparison to their parasitic relatives. Based on evidence from genomic and metabolomic data, we propose a model of fatty acid synthesis in chromerids: the plastid-localized FAS-II pathway is responsible for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids reaching the maximum length of 18 carbon units. Short saturated fatty acids (C14:0-C18:0) originate from the plastid are then elongated and desaturated in the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum. We identified giant FAS I-like multi-modular enzymes in both chromerids, which seem to be involved in polyketide synthesis and fatty acid elongation. This full-scale description of the biosynthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives provides important insights into the reductive evolutionary transition of a phototropic algal ancestor to obligate parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Tomčala
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.T.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (Z.F.); (A.G.); (M.V.)
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, CENAKVA, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, Husova 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Michálek
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.T.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (Z.F.); (A.G.); (M.V.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Schneedorferová
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.T.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (Z.F.); (A.G.); (M.V.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltán Füssy
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.T.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (Z.F.); (A.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Ansgar Gruber
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.T.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (Z.F.); (A.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Marie Vancová
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.T.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (Z.F.); (A.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Miroslav Oborník
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.T.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (Z.F.); (A.G.); (M.V.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ischebeck T, Krawczyk HE, Mullen RT, Dyer JM, Chapman KD. Lipid droplets in plants and algae: Distribution, formation, turnover and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:82-93. [PMID: 32147380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant oils represent an energy-rich and carbon-dense group of hydrophobic compounds. These oils are not only of economic interest, but also play important, fundamental roles in plant and algal growth and development. The subcellular storage compartments of plant lipids, referred to as lipid droplets (LDs), have long been considered relatively inert oil vessels. However, research in the last decade has revealed that LDs play far more dynamic roles in plant biology than previously appreciated, including transient neutral lipid storage, membrane remodeling, lipid signaling, and stress responses. Here we discuss recent developments in the understanding of LD formation, turnover and function in land plants and algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Ischebeck
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannah E Krawczyk
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert T Mullen
- University of Guelph, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John M Dyer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- University of North Texas, BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Leyland B, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I. A Review of Diatom Lipid Droplets. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9020038. [PMID: 32098118 PMCID: PMC7168155 DOI: 10.3390/biology9020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic nutrient availability and photon flux density of diatom habitats necessitate buffering capabilities in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis. This is accomplished by the biosynthesis and turnover of storage lipids, which are sequestered in lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are an organelle conserved among eukaryotes, composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a polar lipid monolayer. LDs shield the intracellular environment from the accumulation of hydrophobic compounds and function as a carbon and electron sink. These functions are implemented by interconnections with other intracellular systems, including photosynthesis and autophagy. Since diatom lipid production may be a promising objective for biotechnological exploitation, a deeper understanding of LDs may offer targets for metabolic engineering. In this review, we provide an overview of diatom LD biology and biotechnological potential.
Collapse
|
30
|
Jaussaud A, Lupette J, Salvaing J, Jouhet J, Bastien O, Gromova M, Maréchal E. Stepwise Biogenesis of Subpopulations of Lipid Droplets in Nitrogen Starved Phaeodactylum tricornutum Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:48. [PMID: 32117386 PMCID: PMC7026457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular heterokonts, living in oceans and freshwaters, exposed to frequent environmental variations. They have a sophisticated membrane compartmentalization and are bounded by a siliceous cell-wall. Formation of lipid droplets (LDs), filled with triacylglycerol (TAG), is a common response to stress. The proteome of mature-LDs from Phaeodactylum tricornutum highlighted the lack of proteins involved in early-LD formation, TAG biosynthesis or LD-to-LD connections. These features suggest that cytosolic LDs might reach a size limit. We analyzed the dynamics of LD formation in P. tricornutum (Pt1 8.6; CCAP 1055/1) during 7 days of nitrogen starvation, by monitoring TAG by mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, and LD radius using epifluorescence microscopy and pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance. We confirmed that mature LDs reach a maximal size. Based on pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance, we did not detect any LD-LD fusion. Three LD subpopulations were produced, each with a different maximal size, larger-sized LDs (radius 0.675 ± 0.125 µm) being generated first. Mathematical modeling showed how smaller LDs are produced once larger LDs have reached their maximum radius. In a mutant line having larger cells, the maximal size of the first LD subpopulation was higher (0.941 ± 0.169 µm), while the principle of stepwise formation of distinct LD populations was maintained. Results suggest that LD size is determined by available cytosolic space and sensing of an optimal size reached in the previous LD subpopulation. Future perspectives include the unraveling of LD-size control mechanisms upon nitrogen shortage. This study also provides novel prospects for the optimization of oleaginous microalgae for biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Jaussaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Michigan State University, MI, East Lansing, USA
| | - Juliette Salvaing
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Bastien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Marina Gromova
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Marina Gromova, ; Eric Maréchal,
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Marina Gromova, ; Eric Maréchal,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Haslam RP, Hamilton ML, Economou CK, Smith R, Hassall KL, Napier JA, Sayanova O. Overexpression of an endogenous type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum enhances lipid production and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:87. [PMID: 32467729 PMCID: PMC7227059 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleaginous microalgae represent a valuable resource for the production of high-value molecules. Considering the importance of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) for human health and nutrition the yields of high-value eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) require significant improvement to meet demand; however, the current cost of production remains high. A promising approach is to metabolically engineer strains with enhanced levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs) enriched in EPA and DHA. RESULTS Recently, we have engineered the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to accumulate enhanced levels of DHA in TAG. To further improve the incorporation of omega-3 LC-PUFAs in TAG, we focused our effort on the identification of a type 2 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) capable of improving lipid production and the incorporation of DHA in TAG. DGAT is a key enzyme in lipid synthesis. Following a diatom based in vivo screen of candidate DGATs, a native P. tricornutum DGAT2B was taken forward for detailed characterisation. Overexpression of the endogenous P. tricornutum DGAT2B was confirmed by qRT-PCR and the transgenic strain grew successfully in comparison to wildtype. PtDGAT2B has broad substrate specificity with preferences for C16 and LC-PUFAs acyl groups. Moreover, the overexpression of an endogenous DGAT2B resulted in higher lipid yields and enhanced levels of DHA in TAG. Furthermore, a combined overexpression of the endogenous DGAT2B and ectopic expression of a Δ5-elongase showed how iterative metabolic engineering can be used to increase DHA and TAG content, irrespective of nitrogen treatment. CONCLUSION This study provides further insight into lipid metabolism in P. tricornutum and suggests a metabolic engineering approach for the efficient production of EPA and DHA in microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Haslam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Mary L. Hamilton
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ UK
- St Albans Girls School, St Albans, Hertfordshire, AL3 6DB UK
| | - Chloe K. Economou
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ UK
- Algenuity, Eden Laboratory, Broadmead Road, Stewartby, BEDS, Bedford, MK43 9ND UK
| | - Kirsty L. Hassall
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Johnathan A. Napier
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chaffai R, Cherif A. The cadmium-induced changes in the polar and neutral lipid compositions suggest the involvement of triacylglycerol in the defense response in maize. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:15-23. [PMID: 32158117 PMCID: PMC7036388 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal ion leading to morphological and physiological disorders in plants; a specific toxicity target is the membrane lipids. The total lipids were separated by thin-layer chromatography, and the fatty acid composition of the total (TLs), polar lipids (PLs) and triacylglycerol (TAG)-a neutral lipid-was analyzed in maize seedlings in hydroponics and treated by various Cd concentrations (0-200 µM Cd). The TLs and PLs significantly decreased in roots after Cd treatment, suggesting the onset of lipid peroxidation mediated by oxygen free radicals, that induce alterations of the membrane structure and function. There were also increases in the TAG from 28.2 to 36.9% of TLs, and the TAG/PLs ratio varied from 0.59 to 0.84, in control and after exposure to 200 µM Cd, respectively. The TAG plays potent roles in membrane turnover serving as energy and carbon resources for the biosynthesis of membrane lipids, to preserve membrane structure and function, and therefore cell homeostasis in response to Cd. In shoots, a significant increase in the levels of C16:0, C18:1, and C18:2, while a decrease in that of C18:3 was observed, suggesting inhibition of desaturases enzymes. These lead to impairment of the chloroplast membrane. The total lipid content did not change under Cd stress. The PLs, however, decreased from 22.4 to 13.6 mg g-1 DW; their percent to TLs varied from 86.6 to 52.5%, in control, and after Cd treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the accumulation of TAG may represent a defense strategy by which maize seedlings can withstand the effects of Cd toxicity, leading to reduced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhouane Chaffai
- The University of Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, ISBST, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- The University of Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, ISBST, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mishra A, Medhi K, Malaviya P, Thakur IS. Omics approaches for microalgal applications: Prospects and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121890. [PMID: 31378447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent impetus of phycological research, microalgae have emerged as a potential candidate for various arena of application-driven research. Omics-based tactics are used for disentangling the regulation and network integration for biosynthesis/degradation of metabolic precursors, intermediates, end products, and identifying the networks that regulate the metabolic flux. Multi-omics coupled with data analytics have facilitated understanding of biological processes and allow ample access to diverse metabolic pathways utilized for genetic manipulations making microalgal factories more efficient. The present review discusses state-of-art "Algomics" and the prospect of microalgae and their role in symbiotic association by using omics approaches including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Microalgal based uni- and multi-omics approaches are critically analyzed in wastewater treatment, metal toxicity and remediation, biofuel production, and therapeutics to provide an imminent outlook for an array of environmentally sustainable and economically viable microalgal applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arti Mishra
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kristina Medhi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Malaviya
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Jammu, Jammu (J&K), India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Salama ES, Govindwar SP, Khandare RV, Roh HS, Jeon BH, Li X. Can Omics Approaches Improve Microalgal Biofuels under Abiotic Stress? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:611-624. [PMID: 31085124 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae hold the promise of an inexpensive and sustainable source of biofuels. The existing microalgal cultivation technologies need significant improvement to outcompete other biofuel sources such as terrestrial plants. Application of 'algomics' approaches under different abiotic stress conditions could be an effective strategy for optimization of microalgal growth and production of high-quality biofuels. In this review, we discuss the roles of omics in understanding genome structure and biocomponents metabolism in various microalgal species to optimize sustainable biofuel production. Application of individual and integrated omics revealed that genes and metabolic pathways of microalgae have been altered under multiple stress conditions, resulting in an increase in biocomponents, providing a research platform for expansion of genetic engineering studies in microalgal strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed Salama
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Sanjay P Govindwar
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Rahul V Khandare
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, 410206, India
| | - Hyun-Seog Roh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Xiangkai Li
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kokabi K, Gorelova O, Ismagulova T, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Boussiba S, Solovchenko A, Khozin-Goldberg I. Metabolomic foundation for differential responses of lipid metabolism to nitrogen and phosphorus deprivation in an arachidonic acid-producing green microalga. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:95-115. [PMID: 31128719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The green oleaginous microalga Lobosphaera incisa accumulates storage lipids triacylglycerols (TAG) enriched in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid under nitrogen (N) deprivation. In contrast, under phosphorous (P) deprivation, the production of the monounsaturated oleic acid prevails. We compared physiological responses, ultrastructural, and metabolic consequences of L. incisa acclimation to N and P deficiency to provide novel insights into the key determinants of ARA accumulation. Differential responses to nutrient deprivation on growth performance, carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry, membrane lipid composition and TAG accumulation were demonstrated. Ultrastructural analyses suggested a dynamic role for vacuoles in sustaining cell homeostasis under conditions of different nutrient availability and their involvement in autophagy in L. incisa. Paralleling ARA-rich TAG accumulation in lipid droplets, N deprivation triggered intensive chloroplast dismantling and promoted catabolic processes. Metabolome analysis revealed depletion of amino acids and pyrimidines, and repression of numerous biosynthetic hubs to favour TAG biosynthesis under N deprivation. Under P deprivation, despite the relatively low growth penalties, the presence of the endogenous P reserves and the characteristic lipid remodelling, metabolic signatures of energy deficiency were revealed. Metabolome adjustments to P deprivation included depletion in ATP and phosphorylated nucleotides, increased levels of TCA-cycle intermediates and osmoprotectants. We conclude that characteristic cellular and metabolome adjustments tailor the adaptive responses of L. incisa to N and P deprivation modulating its LC-PUFA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamilya Kokabi
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Olga Gorelova
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ismagulova
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Metabolic Profiling Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Metabolic Profiling Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang B, Marchand J, Thiriet-Rupert S, Carrier G, Saint-Jean B, Lukomska E, Moreau B, Morant-Manceau A, Bougaran G, Mimouni V. Betaine lipid and neutral lipid production under nitrogen or phosphorus limitation in the marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea (Haptophyta). ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
37
|
Touraine B, Vignols F, Przybyla-Toscano J, Ischebeck T, Dhalleine T, Wu HC, Magno C, Berger N, Couturier J, Dubos C, Feussner I, Caffarri S, Havaux M, Rouhier N, Gaymard F. Iron-sulfur protein NFU2 is required for branched-chain amino acid synthesis in Arabidopsis roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1875-1889. [PMID: 30785184 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous proteins require a metallic co-factor for their function. In plastids, the maturation of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins necessitates a complex assembly machinery. In this study, we focused on Arabidopsis thaliana NFU1, NFU2, and NFU3, which participate in the final steps of the maturation process. According to the strong photosynthetic defects observed in high chlorophyll fluorescence 101 (hcf101), nfu2, and nfu3 plants, we determined that NFU2 and NFU3, but not NFU1, act immediately upstream of HCF101 for the maturation of [Fe4S4]-containing photosystem I subunits. An additional function of NFU2 in the maturation of the [Fe2S2] cluster of a dihydroxyacid dehydratase was obvious from the accumulation of precursors of the branched-chain amino acid synthesis pathway in roots of nfu2 plants and from the rescue of the primary root growth defect by supplying branched-chain amino acids. The absence of NFU3 in roots precluded any compensation. Overall, unlike their eukaryotic and prokaryotic counterparts, which are specific to [Fe4S4] proteins, NFU2 and NFU3 contribute to the maturation of both [Fe2S2] and [Fe4S4] proteins, either as a relay in conjunction with other proteins such as HCF101 or by directly delivering Fe-S clusters to client proteins. Considering the low number of Fe-S cluster transfer proteins relative to final acceptors, additional targets probably await identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Touraine
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Vignols
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Hui-Chen Wu
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Magno
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Berger
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christian Dubos
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA Cadarache, CNRS UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Havaux
- CEA Cadarache, CNRS UMR 7265, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | | | - Frédéric Gaymard
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Li-Beisson Y, Thelen JJ, Fedosejevs E, Harwood JL. The lipid biochemistry of eukaryotic algae. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:31-68. [PMID: 30703388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Algal lipid metabolism fascinates both scientists and entrepreneurs due to the large diversity of fatty acyl structures that algae produce. Algae have therefore long been studied as sources of genes for novel fatty acids; and, due to their superior biomass productivity, algae are also considered a potential feedstock for biofuels. However, a major issue in a commercially viable "algal oil-to-biofuel" industry is the high production cost, because most algal species only produce large amounts of oils after being exposed to stress conditions. Recent studies have therefore focused on the identification of factors involved in TAG metabolism, on the subcellular organization of lipid pathways, and on interactions between organelles. This has been accompanied by the development of genetic/genomic and synthetic biological tools not only for the reference green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii but also for Nannochloropsis spp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Advances in our understanding of enzymes and regulatory proteins of acyl lipid biosynthesis and turnover are described herein with a focus on carbon and energetic aspects. We also summarize how changes in environmental factors can impact lipid metabolism and describe present and potential industrial uses of algal lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez Durance F-13108, France.
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Eric Fedosejevs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Feussner K, Feussner I. Comprehensive LC-MS-Based Metabolite Fingerprinting Approach for Plant and Fungal-Derived Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1978:167-185. [PMID: 31119663 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9236-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based nontargeted metabolome approaches aim to detect chemotypes as markers for stress, disease, developmental, or genetic perturbation. Herein, we present a metabolite fingerprinting workflow, which is applicable for the analysis of tissues and fluids derived from plants and fungi. This is based on a broad metabolite coverage by a two-phase extraction and the separate analysis of polar, and nonpolar compounds by positive as well as negative electrospray ionization. For analysis of the resulting comprehensive data sets, the interactive and user-friendly data mining software MarVis-Suite is used. It supports statistical analysis, adduct correction, data merging, as well as visualization of multivariate data. Finally, MarVis shapes marker identification to the organism of interest. Therefore, it provides access to the species-specific databases KEGG and BioCyc and to custom databases tailored by the user.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. .,Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. .,Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Remmers IM, D'Adamo S, Martens DE, de Vos RC, Mumm R, America AH, Cordewener JH, Bakker LV, Peters SA, Wijffels RH, Lamers PP. Orchestration of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum during nitrogen limitation. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
42
|
Lupette J, Jaussaud A, Vigor C, Oger C, Galano JM, Réversat G, Vercauteren J, Jouhet J, Durand T, Maréchal E. Non-Enzymatic Synthesis of Bioactive Isoprostanoids in the Diatom Phaeodactylum following Oxidative Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1344-1357. [PMID: 30237205 PMCID: PMC6236624 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ecological success of diatoms requires a remarkable ability to survive many types of stress, including variations in temperature, light, salinity, and nutrient availability. On exposure to these stresses, diatoms exhibit common responses, including growth arrest, impairment of photosynthesis, production of reactive oxygen species, and accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG). We studied the production of cyclopentane oxylipins derived from fatty acids in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum in response to oxidative stress. P. tricornutum lacks the enzymatic pathway for producing cyclopentane-oxylipins, such as jasmonate, prostaglandins, or thromboxanes. In cells subjected to increasing doses of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we detected nonenzymatic production of isoprostanoids, including six phytoprostanes, three F2t-isoprostanes, two F3t-isoprostanes, and three F4t-neuroprostanes, by radical peroxidation of α-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexanoic acids, respectively. H2O2 also triggered photosynthesis impairment and TAG accumulation. F1t-phytoprostanes constitute the major class detected (300 pmol per 1 million cells; intracellular concentration, ∼4 µm). Only two glycerolipids, phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerylhydroxymethyl-trimethyl-alanine, could provide all substrates for these isoprostanoids. Treatment of P. tricornutum with nine synthetic isoprostanoids produced an effect in the micromolar range, marked by the accumulation of TAG and reduced growth, without affecting photosynthesis. Therefore, the emission of H2O2 and free radicals upon exposure to stresses can lead to glycerolipid peroxidation and nonenzymatic synthesis of isoprostanoids, inhibiting growth and contributing to the induction of TAG accumulation via unknown processes. This characterization of nonenzymatic oxylipins in P. tricornutum opens a field of research on the study of processes controlled by isoprostanoid signaling in various physiological and environmental contexts in diatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biosciences Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Jaussaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biosciences Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, F-34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, F-34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, F-34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Guillaume Réversat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, F-34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Joseph Vercauteren
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, F-34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biosciences Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, F-34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biosciences Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Metabolomic profiles of tropical Chlorella and Parachlorella species in response to physiological changes during exponential and stationary growth phase. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
44
|
Yang M, Meng Y, Chu Y, Fan Y, Cao X, Xue S, Chi Z. Triacylglycerol accumulates exclusively outside the chloroplast in short-term nitrogen-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1478-1487. [PMID: 30266428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In microalgae, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis occurs by parallel pathways involving both the chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum. A better understanding of contribution of each pathway to TAG assembly facilitates enhanced TAG production via rational genetic engineering of microalgae. Here, using a UPLC-MS(/MS) coupled with TLC-GC-based lipidomic platform, the early response of the major glycerolipids to nitrogen stress was analyzed at both the cellular and chloroplastidic levels in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Subcellular lipidomic analysis demonstrated that TAG was accumulated exclusively outside the chloroplast, and remained unaltered inside the chloroplast after 4 h of nitrogen starvation. This study ascertained the existence of the glycolipid, digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), outside the chloroplast and the betaine lipid, diacylglycerol-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS), inside the chloroplast. The newly synthesized DGDG and DGTS prominently increased at the extra-chloroplastidic compartments and served as the major precursors for TAG biosynthesis. In particular, DGDG contributed to the extra-chloroplastidic TAG assembly in form of diacylglycerol (DAG) and DGTS in form of acyl groups. The chloroplastidic membrane lipid, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), was proposed to primarily offer DAG for TAG formation outside the chloroplast. This study provides valuable insights into the subcellular glycerolipidomics and unveils the acyl flux into the extra-chloroplastidic TAG in microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yingying Meng
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yadong Chu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yan Fan
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Song Xue
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Zhanyou Chi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zulu NN, Zienkiewicz K, Vollheyde K, Feussner I. Current trends to comprehend lipid metabolism in diatoms. Prog Lipid Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
46
|
Yang L, Chen J, Qin S, Zeng M, Jiang Y, Hu L, Xiao P, Hao W, Hu Z, Lei A, Wang J. Growth and lipid accumulation by different nutrients in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:40. [PMID: 29456627 PMCID: PMC5809890 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual nutrient depletion is widely used to induce lipid accumulation in microalgae, which also causes cell growth inhibition and decreases the total biomass. Thus, improving the lipid accumulation without biomass loss in the nutrient deficiency cells becomes a potential cost-effective treatment for cheaper biofuels. METHODS In this study, the effects of different nutritional conditions on the growth and contents of lipids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were compared, and the metabolic profiles under different nutritional conditions were also investigated. RESULTS We showed that similar to other microalgae, nitrogen or phosphorus deficiency inhibited the growth of Chlamydomonas and combined nutrition deficiency reduced biomass by up to 31.7%, though lipid contents in cells (g/g dry weight [DW]) were significantly increased. The addition of sodium acetate countered this growth inhibition that resulted from nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, with significantly increased biomass. Furthermore, the combination of 4 g/L sodium acetate supplementation with nitrogen and phosphorous deficiency increased total fatty acid yield (mg/L) by 93.0 and 150.1% compared to nutrient-depleted and normal culture conditions, respectively. Metabolite content was affected by the different nutritional conditions, especially metabolites that are involved in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and metabolism of external substances. CONCLUSION Further research into these metabolites could shed light onto the relationship between cell growth inhibition and fatty acid accumulation in Chlamydomonas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Qin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Lang Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Hao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Anping Lei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Müller AO, Ischebeck T. Characterization of the enzymatic activity and physiological function of the lipid droplet-associated triacylglycerol lipase AtOBL1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1062-1076. [PMID: 29178188 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Similar to seeds, pollen tubes contain lipid droplets that store triacylglycerol (TAG), but the fate of this TAG as well as the enzymes involved in its breakdown are unknown. Therefore, two potential TAG lipases from tobacco and Arabidopsis, NtOBL1 (Oil body lipase 1) and AtOBL1, were investigated, especially with respect to their importance for pollen tube growth. We expressed NtOBL1 and AtOBL1 as fluorescent fusion proteins to study their localization by confocal microscopy. Furthermore, we overexpressed AtOBL1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to characterize it enzymatically. The obl1 mutant was studied in respect to its pollen tube growth in vivo and its seed germination. Both NtOBL1 and AtOBL1 localized to lipid droplets. AtOBL1 was abundant in pollen tubes and seedlings, and acted as a lipase on TAG, diacylglycerol and 1-monoacylglycerol at a pH optimum of 5.5. The obl1 mutant was hampered in pollen tube growth, whereas seedling establishment was not affected under optimal conditions, even though AtOBL1 accounted for a major lipase activity in seeds. TAG could be a direct precursor for the synthesis of membrane lipids in pollen tubes and proteins of the OBL family involved in the flux of acyl groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ophelia Müller
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Grand Challenges in Marine Biotechnology: Overview of Recent EU-Funded Projects. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
49
|
Rotsch AH, Kopka J, Feussner I, Ischebeck T. Central metabolite and sterol profiling divides tobacco male gametophyte development and pollen tube growth into eight metabolic phases. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:129-146. [PMID: 28685881 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While changes in the transcriptome and proteome of developing pollen have been investigated in tobacco and other species, the metabolic consequences remain rather unclear. Here, a broad range of metabolites was investigated in close succession of developmental stages. Thirteen stages of tobacco male gametophyte development were collected, ranging from tetrads to pollen tubes. Subsequently, the central metabolome and sterol composition were analyzed by GC-mass spectrometry (MS), monitoring 77 metabolites and 29 non-identified analytes. The overall results showed that development and tube growth could be divided into eight metabolic phases with the phase including mitosis I being most distinct. During maturation, compounds such as sucrose and proline accumulated. These were degraded after rehydration, while γ-aminobutyrate transiently increased, possibly deriving from proline breakdown. Sterol analysis revealed that tetrads harbor similar sterols as leaves, but throughout maturation unusual sterols increased. Lastly, two further sterols exclusively accumulated in pollen tubes. This study allows a deeper look into metabolic changes during the development of a quasi-single cell type. Metabolites accumulating during maturation might accelerate pollen germination and tube growth, protect from desiccation, and feed pollinators. Future studies of the underlying processes orchestrating the changes in metabolite levels might give valuable insights into cellular regulation of plant metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Rotsch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zulu NN, Popko J, Zienkiewicz K, Tarazona P, Herrfurth C, Feussner I. Heterologous co-expression of a yeast diacylglycerol acyltransferase ( ScDGA1) and a plant oleosin ( AtOLEO3) as an efficient tool for enhancing triacylglycerol accumulation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:187. [PMID: 28725267 PMCID: PMC5514505 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are promising alternate and renewable sources for producing valuable products such as biofuel and essential fatty acids. Although this is the case, there are still challenges impeding on the effective commercial production of microalgal products. For instance, their product yield is still too low. Therefore, this study was oriented towards enhancing triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (strain Pt4). To achieve this, a type 2 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase from yeast (ScDGA1) and the lipid droplet (LD) stabilizing oleosin protein 3 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtOLEO3) were expressed in Pt4. RESULTS The individual expression of ScDGA1 and AtOLEO3 in Pt4 resulted in a 2.3- and 1.4-fold increase in TAG levels, respectively, in comparison to the wild type. The co-expression of both, ScDGA1 and AtOLEO3, was accompanied by a 3.6-fold increase in TAG content. On the cellular level, the lines co-expressing ScDGA1 and AtOLEO3 showed the presence of the larger and increased numbers of lipid droplets when compared to transformants expressing single genes and an empty vector. Under nitrogen stress, TAG productivity was further increased twofold in comparison to nitrogen-replete conditions. While TAG accumulation was enhanced in the analyzed transformants, the fatty acid composition remained unchanged neither in the total lipid nor in the TAG profile. CONCLUSIONS The co-expression of two genes was shown to be a more effective strategy for enhancing TAG accumulation in P. tricornutum strain Pt4 than a single gene strategy. For the first time in a diatom, a LD protein from a vascular plant, oleosin, was shown to have an impact on TAG accumulation and on LD organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nodumo Nokulunga Zulu
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Novagreen Projektmanagement GmbH, 49377 Vechta, Germany
| | - Jennifer Popko
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Tarazona
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|