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Falcione S, Spronk E, Munsterman D, Joy T, Boghozian R, Jickling GC. Sex Differences in Thrombin Generation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01200-1. [PMID: 37987986 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in stroke exist, including variation in stroke risk and outcome. Differences in thrombin generation may contribute to this variation between females and males. To examine this, we assessed sex differences in thrombin generation between females and males with acute ischemic stroke and the relationship to blood cell gene expression. In 97 patients with acute ischemic stroke, thrombin generation was measured by thrombin generation assay. Blood cell gene expression was measured by microarray. Differences in thrombin generation between sexes were identified and the relationship to blood cell gene expression examined. Genes associated with sex differences in thrombin generation were analyzed by functional pathway analysis. Females and males had similar overall capacity to generate thrombin. The peak thrombin generated in females was 468.8 nM (SD 91.6), comparable to males (479.3nM;SD 90.8; p = 0.58). Lag time, time to peak thrombin, and endogenous thrombin potential were also similar between females and males. While overall thrombin generation was comparable between females and males with stroke, differences in genes that promote this thrombin generation exist. Females with high peak thrombin had an increase in genes that promote thrombosis, and platelet activation. In contrast, males with high peak thrombin had a decrease in genes involved in thrombus degradation. Females and males with acute ischemic stroke have similar capacity to generate thrombin, however, differences may exist in how this thrombin generation is achieved, with females having increased thrombin signaling, and platelet activation, and males having decreased thrombus degradation. This suggests regulatory differences in thrombosis may exist between females and males that may contribute to sex differences in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Falcione
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada.
| | - Elena Spronk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Danielle Munsterman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Twinkle Joy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Roobina Boghozian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada
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2
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Lenhart D, Tischhöfer MT, Gruber R, Maag K, Reiter C, Alban S. Chemical and biological differences between original and mimetic pentosan polysulfates. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121201. [PMID: 37567725 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is a semi-synthetic, heparin-like polysaccharide with manifold therapeutic actions. It is approved for treatment of bladder pain syndrome / interstitial cystitis in humans and treatment of musculoskeletal diseases in animals. PPS is produced by a complex procedure using beech wood as starting material. It consists of a mixture of sulfated glucuronoxylans, whose structural composition cannot be fully characterized by physicochemical analysis. The question arises whether PPS follow-on products are identical with the original and thus meet the requirement for generic drug application. The aim of this study was to investigate whether commercially available PPS products differ in physicochemical characteristics and biological effects from the original. Ten PPS preparations from different manufactures were analyzed using orthogonal analytical techniques including, inter alia, size exclusion chromatography with triple detection, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution mid-infrared spectroscopy in aqueous solution with chemometric evaluation. For functional analysis, we measured the plasma kallikrein generation in human plasma and FXII activation. The study revealed significant structural and biological differences between PPS from different sources. Therefore, follow-on products cannot be considered identical but at best similar to original PPS. However, their similar efficacy and safety have still to be proven by comprehensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lenhart
- bene pharmaChem GmbH & Co.KG, Bayerwaldstr. 7-9, 82538 Geretsried, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Gruber
- bene pharmaChem GmbH & Co.KG, Bayerwaldstr. 7-9, 82538 Geretsried, Germany
| | - Klaus Maag
- bene pharmaChem GmbH & Co.KG, Bayerwaldstr. 7-9, 82538 Geretsried, Germany
| | - Christian Reiter
- Paradigm Biopharmaceuticals, Level 15, 500 Collins St, Vic 3000, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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3
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Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Lever R, Gray E, Page CP. Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs: An Update. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:328-379. [PMID: 36792365 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been used extensively as an antithrombotic and anticoagulant for close to 100 years. This anticoagulant activity is attributed mainly to the pentasaccharide sequence, which potentiates the inhibitory action of antithrombin, a major inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. More recently it has been elucidated that heparin exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via interference of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and this may also contribute to heparin's antithrombotic activity. This illustrates that heparin interacts with a broad range of biomolecules, exerting both anticoagulant and nonanticoagulant actions. Since our previous review, there has been an increased interest in these nonanticoagulant effects of heparin, with the beneficial role in patients infected with SARS2-coronavirus a highly topical example. This article provides an update on our previous review with more recent developments and observations made for these novel uses of heparin and an overview of the development status of heparin-based drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This state-of-the-art review covers recent developments in the use of heparin and heparin-like materials as anticoagulant, now including immunothrombosis observations, and as nonanticoagulant including a role in the treatment of SARS-coronavirus and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hogwood
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Rebeca Lever
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Elaine Gray
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
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4
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Cancian M, Triggianese P, Modica S, Arcoleo F, Bignardi D, Brussino L, Colangelo C, Di Agosta E, Firinu D, Guarino MD, Giardino F, Giliberti M, Montinaro V, Senter R. The impact of puberty on the onset, frequency, location, and severity of attacks in hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency: A survey from the Italian Network for Hereditary and Acquired Angioedema (ITACA). Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1141073. [PMID: 37144145 PMCID: PMC10152551 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1141073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency is influenced by hormonal factors, with a more severe course of disease in women. Our study aims to deepen the impact of puberty on onset, frequency, location and severity of attacks. Methods Retrospective data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and shared by 10 Italian reference centers of the Italian Network for Hereditary and Acquired Angioedema (ITACA). Results The proportion of symptomatic patients increased significantly after puberty (98.2% vs 83.9%, p=0.002 in males; 96.3% vs 68,4%, p<0.001 in females); the monthly mean of acute attacks was significantly higher after puberty, and this occurred both in females (median (IQR) = 0.41(2) in the three years before puberty vs 2(2.17) in the three years after, p<0.001) and in males (1(1.92) vs 1.25(1.56) respectively, p<0.001). The increase was greater in females. No significant differences were detected in attack location before and after puberty. Discussion Overall, our study confirms previous reports on a more severe phenotype in the female gender. Puberty predisposes to increased numbers of angioedema attacks, in particular in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cancian
- UOSD Allergologia, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: Mauro Cancian
| | | | | | - Francesco Arcoleo
- UOC di Patologia Clinica e Immunologia, AOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Brussino
- University Hospital Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ester Di Agosta
- Immunoallergology unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Giardino
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico “G.Rodolico-San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Marica Giliberti
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Senter
- UOSD Allergologia, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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5
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Kramberger K, Barlič-Maganja D, Pražnikar ZJ, Režen T, Rozman D, Pražnikar J, Kenig S. Whole transcriptome expression array analysis of human colon fibroblasts culture treated with Helichrysum italicum supports its use in traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115505. [PMID: 35764197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Helichrysum italicum (HI) is a Mediterranean plant with well-reported use in traditional medicine for a wide range of applications, including digestive and liver disorders, intestinal parasitic infections, wound healing, stomach ache and asthma. However, little is known about the global mechanism behind its pleiotropic activity. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to explain the mechanism behind the previously demonstrated effects of HI and to justify its use in traditional medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS A microarray-based transcriptome analysis was used to discover the global transcriptional alterations in primary colon fibroblasts after exposure to HI infusion for 6 h and 24 h. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR was used to verify the microarray results. RESULTS Altogether we identified 217 differentially expressed genes compared to non-treated cells, and only 8 were common to both treatments. Gene ontology analysis revealed that 24 h treatment with HI infusion altered the expression of genes involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell growth, whereas pathway analysis further showed the importance of interleukin signaling and transcriptional regulation by TP53. For the 6 h treatment only the process of hemostasis appeared in the results of both enrichment analyses. In functional assays, HI infusion increased cell migration and decreased blood clotting and prothrombin time. CONCLUSIONS With the careful evaluation of the role of individual genes, especially SERPING1, ARHGAP1, IL33 and CDKN1A, represented in the enriched pathways and processes, we propose the main mode of HI action, which is wound healing. In addition to its indirect prevention of diseases resulting from the impaired barrier integrity, HI also effects inflammation and metabolic processes directly, as it regulates genes such as LRPPRC, LIPA, ABCA12, PRKAR1A and ANXA6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kramberger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Barlič-Maganja
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Zala Jenko Pražnikar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Tadeja Režen
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jure Pražnikar
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000, Koper, Slovenia.
| | - Saša Kenig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia.
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6
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The Exploration of Complement-Resistance Mechanisms of Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacteria to Support the Development of Novel Therapeutics. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080931. [PMID: 36015050 PMCID: PMC9412335 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics in Bacteria is one of the biggest threats to human health. After decades of attempting to isolate or design antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action against bacterial pathogens, few approaches have been successful. Antibacterial drug discovery is now moving towards targeting bacterial virulence factors, especially immune evasion factors. Gram-negative bacteria present some of the most significant challenges in terms of antibiotic resistance. However, they are also able to be eliminated by the component of the innate immune system known as the complement system. In response, Gram-negative bacteria have evolved a variety of mechanisms by which they are able to evade complement and cause infection. Complement resistance mechanisms present some of the best novel therapeutic targets for defending against highly antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial infections.
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7
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Gianni P, Goldin M, Ngu S, Zafeiropoulos S, Geropoulos G, Giannis D. Complement-mediated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19: A review. World J Exp Med 2022; 12:53-67. [PMID: 36157337 PMCID: PMC9350720 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v12.i4.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes acute microvascular thrombosis in both venous and arterial structures which is highly associated with increased mortality. The mechanisms leading to thromboembolism are still under investigation. Current evidence suggests that excessive complement activation with severe amplification of the inflammatory response (cytokine storm) hastens disease progression and initiates complement-dependent cytotoxic tissue damage with resultant prothrombotic complications. The concept of thromboinflammation, involving overt inflammation and activation of the coagulation cascade causing thrombotic microangiopathy and end-organ damage, has emerged as one of the core components of COVID-19 pathogenesis. The complement system is a major mediator of the innate immune response and inflammation and thus an appealing treatment target. In this review, we discuss the role of complement in the development of thrombotic microangiopathy and summarize the current data on complement inhibitors as COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Gianni
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89070, Germany
| | - Mark Goldin
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, New York, NY 11549, United States
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Feinstein Institutes , New York, NY 11030, United States
| | - Sam Ngu
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, New York, NY 11549, United States
| | - Stefanos Zafeiropoulos
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, NY 11030, United States
| | - Georgios Geropoulos
- Department of General Surgery, University College London Hospitals, London NW12BU, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Giannis
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, New York, NY 11549, United States
- North Shore/Long Island Jewish General Surgery, Northwell Health, New York, NY 11021, United States
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8
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Li H, Zhang H, Jiang H. Combining power of different methods to detect associations in large data sets. Brief Bioinform 2021; 23:6447432. [PMID: 34864853 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the relationship between factors of interest is a fundamental step for further analysis on various scientific problems such as understanding the genetic mechanism underlying specific disease, brain functional connectivity analysis. There are many methods proposed for association analysis and each has its own advantages, but none of them is suitable for all kinds of situations. This brings difficulties and confusions to practitioner on which one to use when facing a real problem. In this paper, we propose to combine power of different methods to detect associations in large data sets. It goes as combining the weaker to be stronger. Numerical results from simulation study and real data applications show that our new framework is powerful. Importantly, the framework can also be applied to other problems. Availability: The R script is available at https://jiangdata.github.io/resources/DM.zip.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Polytechnic Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangxiao Zhang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hangjin Jiang
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Puy C, Pang J, Reitsma SE, Lorentz CU, Tucker EI, Gailani D, Gruber A, Lupu F, McCarty OJT. Cross-Talk between the Complement Pathway and the Contact Activation System of Coagulation: Activated Factor XI Neutralizes Complement Factor H. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1784-1792. [PMID: 33811105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Complement factor H (CFH) is the major inhibitor of the alternative pathway of the complement system and is structurally related to beta2-glycoprotein I, which itself is known to bind to ligands, including coagulation factor XI (FXI). We observed reduced complement activation when FXI activation was inhibited in a baboon model of lethal systemic inflammation, suggesting cross-talk between FXI and the complement cascade. It is unknown whether FXI or its activated form, activated FXI (FXIa), directly interacts with the complement system. We explored whether FXI could interact with and inhibit the activity of CFH. We found that FXIa neutralized CFH by cleavage of the R341/R342 bonds. FXIa reduced the capacity of CFH to enhance the cleavage of C3b by factor I and the decay of C3bBb. The binding of CFH to human endothelial cells was also reduced after incubating CFH with FXIa. The addition of either short- or long-chain polyphosphate enhanced the capacity of FXIa to cleave CFH. FXIa also cleaved CFH that was present on endothelial cells and in the secretome from blood platelets. The generation of FXIa in plasma induced the cleavage of CFH. Moreover, FXIa reduced the cleavage of C3b by factor I in serum. Conversely, we observed that CFH inhibited FXI activation by either thrombin or FXIIa. Our study provides, to our knowledge, a novel molecular link between the contact pathway of coagulation and the complement system. These results suggest that FXIa generation enhances the activity of the complement system and thus may potentiate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Puy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239; .,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Jiaqing Pang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Stéphanie E Reitsma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Christina U Lorentz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239.,Aronora, Inc., Portland, OR 97239
| | - Erik I Tucker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239.,Aronora, Inc., Portland, OR 97239
| | - David Gailani
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - András Gruber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239.,Aronora, Inc., Portland, OR 97239
| | - Florea Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
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10
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Karnaukhova E. C1-Inhibitor: Structure, Functional Diversity and Therapeutic Development. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:467-488. [PMID: 34348603 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210804085636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human C1-Inhibitor (C1INH), also known as C1-esterase inhibitor, is an important multifunctional plasma glycoprotein that is uniquely involved in a regulatory network of complement, contact, coagulation, and fibrinolytic systems. C1INH belongs to a superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitor (serpins) and exhibits its inhibitory activities towards several target proteases of plasmatic cascades, operating as a major anti-inflammatory protein in the circulation. In addition to its inhibitory activities, C1INH is also involved in non-inhibitory interactions with some endogenous proteins, polyanions, cells and infectious agents. While C1INH is essential for multiple physiological processes, it is better known for its deficiency with regards to Hereditary Angioedema (HAE), a rare autosomal dominant disease clinically manifested by recurrent acute attacks of increased vascular permeability and edema. Since the link was first established between functional C1INH deficiency in plasma and HAE in the 1960s, tremendous progress has been made in the biochemical characterization of C1INH and its therapeutic development for replacement therapies in patients with C1INH-dependent HAE. Various C1INH biological activities, recent advances in the HAE-targeted therapies, and availability of C1INH commercial products have prompted intensive investigation of the C1INH potential for treatment of clinical conditions other than HAE. This article provides an updated overview of the structure and biological activities of C1INH, its role in HAE pathogenesis, and recent advances in the research and therapeutic development of C1INH; it also considers some trends for using C1INH therapeutic preparations for applications other than angioedema, from sepsis and endotoxin shock to severe thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Karnaukhova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993. United States
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11
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Santiesteban-Lores LE, Amamura TA, da Silva TF, Midon LM, Carneiro MC, Isaac L, Bavia L. A double edged-sword - The Complement System during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Life Sci 2021; 272:119245. [PMID: 33609539 PMCID: PMC7889033 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, infections caused by coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have posed a threat to public health since they may cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans. The Complement System is activated during viral infection, being a central protagonist of innate and acquired immunity. Here, we report some interactions between these three coronaviruses and the Complement System, highlighting the central role of C3 with the severity of these infections. Although it can be protective, its role during coronavirus infections seems to be contradictory. For example, during SARS-CoV-2 infection, Complement System can control the viral infection in asymptomatic or mild cases; however, it can also intensify local and systemic damage in some of severe COVID-19 patients, due to its potent proinflammatory effect. In this last condition, the activation of the Complement System also amplifies the cytokine storm and the pathogenicity of coronavirus infection. Experimental treatment with Complement inhibitors has been an enthusiastic field of intense investigation in search of a promising additional therapy in severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lourdes Isaac
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Bavia
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Thomson TM, Toscano‐Guerra E, Casis E, Paciucci R. C1 esterase inhibitor and the contact system in COVID-19. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:520-524. [PMID: 32531085 PMCID: PMC7323335 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently associated with severe systemic consequences, including vasculitis, a hyperinflammatory state and hypercoagulation. The mechanisms leading to these life-threatening abnormalities are multifactorial. Based on the analysis of publicly available interactomes, we propose that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection directly causes a deficiency in C1 esterase inhibitor, a pathogen-specific mechanism that may help explain significant systemic abnormalities in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Thomson
- Barcelona Institute for Molecular BiologyNational Science Council (IBMB‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
- Networked Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBER‐EHD)Instituto Nacional de la Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | | | - Ernesto Casis
- Clinical Biochemistry ServiceVall d'Hebrón HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rosanna Paciucci
- Vall d'Hebrón Institute of ResearchBarcelonaSpain
- Clinical Biochemistry ServiceVall d'Hebrón HospitalBarcelonaSpain
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Danobeitia JS, Zens TJ, Chlebeck PJ, Zitur LJ, Reyes JA, Eerhart MJ, Coonen J, Capuano S, D’Alessandro AM, Torrealba JR, Burguete D, Brunner K, Amersfoort E, Ponstein-Simarro Doorten Y, Van Kooten C, Jankowska-Gan E, Burlingham W, Sullivan J, Djamali A, Pozniak M, Yankol Y, Fernandez LA. Targeted donor complement blockade after brain death prevents delayed graft function in a nonhuman primate model of kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1513-1526. [PMID: 31922336 PMCID: PMC7261643 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Delayed graft function (DGF) in renal transplant is associated with reduced graft survival and increased immunogenicity. The complement-driven inflammatory response after brain death (BD) and posttransplant reperfusion injury play significant roles in the pathogenesis of DGF. In a nonhuman primate model, we tested complement-blockade in BD donors to prevent DGF and improve graft survival. BD donors were maintained for 20 hours; kidneys were procured and stored at 4°C for 43-48 hours prior to implantation into ABO-compatible, nonsensitized, MHC-mismatched recipients. Animals were divided into 3 donor-treatment groups: G1 - vehicle, G2 - rhC1INH+heparin, and G3 - heparin. G2 donors showed significant reduction in classical complement pathway activation and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor α and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. DGF was diagnosed in 4/6 (67%) G1 recipients, 3/3 (100%) G3 recipients, and 0/6 (0%) G2 recipients (P = .008). In addition, G2 recipients showed superior renal function, reduced sC5b-9, and reduced urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in the first week posttransplant. We observed no differences in incidence or severity of graft rejection between groups. Collectively, the data indicate that donor-management targeting complement activation prevents the development of DGF. Our results suggest a pivotal role for complement activation in BD-induced renal injury and postulate complement blockade as a promising strategy for the prevention of DGF after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S. Danobeitia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tiffany J. Zens
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Peter J. Chlebeck
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura J. Zitur
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jose A. Reyes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michael J. Eerhart
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer Coonen
- Wisconsin Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Anthony M. D’Alessandro
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jose R. Torrealba
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Daniel Burguete
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kevin Brunner
- Wisconsin Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Cees Van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ewa Jankowska-Gan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William Burlingham
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jeremy Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Arjang Djamali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Myron Pozniak
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yucel Yankol
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Luis A. Fernandez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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14
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Hogwood J, Pitchford S, Mulloy B, Page C, Gray E. Heparin and non-anticoagulant heparin attenuate histone-induced inflammatory responses in whole blood. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233644. [PMID: 32469940 PMCID: PMC7259574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory histones are present in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and are elevated in blood in several inflammatory conditions, sepsis being a major example. Compounds which can attenuate activities of histones are therefore of interest, with heparin being one such material that has previously been shown to bind to histones. Heparin, a successful anticoagulant for nearly a century, has been shown experimentally to bind to histones and exhibit a protective effect in inflammatory conditions. In the present study carried out in whole blood, heparin and selectively desulfated heparin reduced histone induced inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL 6), interleukin 8 (IL 8) and tissue factor and C3a, a complement component. The selectively desulfated heparins, with reduced anticoagulant activities, retained a high degree of effectiveness as an anti-histone agent, whereas fully desulfated heparin was found to be ineffective. The results from this study indicate that the presence of sulfate and other specific structural features are required for heparin to attenuate the inflammatory action of histones in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hogwood
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Ridge, Herts, United Kingdom
- Sacker Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon Pitchford
- Sacker Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Sacker Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Page
- Sacker Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Gray
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Ridge, Herts, United Kingdom
- Sacker Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Contradictory to its effects on thrombin, C1-inhibitor reduces plasmin generation in the presence of thrombomodulin. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2019; 48:81-87. [PMID: 31030323 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-019-01869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
C1-inhibitor (C1INH) was shown to enhance thrombin generation (TG) in the presence of thrombomodulin (TM) by reducing production of activated protein C. Because C1INH is known to inhibit fibrinolytic system proteases, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of moderate (3 IU/ml) and high (16 IU/ml) C1INH concentrations on TG and plasmin generation (PG) in the presence of TM. These concentrations were evaluated based on expected maximum plasma levels following C1INH replacement therapy and recently suggested supraphysiologic dosing. TG and PG were investigated in platelet poor plasmas obtained from 21 healthy donors. An assay designed to monitor the continuous generation of the 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin fluorescence from substrates specific to thrombin or plasmin was used to evaluate the impact of C1INH activity. To characterize the C1INH effects on TG and PG, the thrombin and plasmin concentration peaks and production rates were calculated. TM addition to donor plasma shifted the concentration dependence of C1INH on TG parameters from reduction to enhancement. Conversely, PG parameters were significantly reduced by 16 IU/ml in both the presence and absence of TM. Moderate C1INH concentration (3 IU/ml) reduced TG and PG in the absence of TM but did not significantly affect these parameters in the presence of TM. Finally, 3 IU/ml of C1INH reduced PG more so than TG in the absence of TM. The presented results suggest a mechanism by which C1INH could potentiate thrombosis by inhibition of fibrinolysis.
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16
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Degraded fucoidan fractions and β-1,3-glucan sulfates inhibit CXCL12-induced Erk1/2 activation and chemotaxis in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:968-976. [PMID: 31726164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are natural polysaccharides with pronounced antitumoral activities. Their modes of action include the antagonization of the chemokine CXCL12, which plays a central role in tumor development and metastasis. However, the usually high molecular mass (Mw) of fucoidans represents an obstacle to their medical application. We therefore investigated two series of degraded fucoidan fractions with regard to their CXCL12 binding and inhibition of CXCL12-induced effects in Raji cells. In addition, semisynthetic β-1,3-glucan sulfates were examined to get more information about the impact of Mw and degree of sulfation (DS). Degradation of the fucoidans from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP; 481-77.0 kDa) and Fucus vesiculosus (F.v.-SP; 38.2-20.6 kDa) did not affect the respective binding capacity to CXCL12. Both the Mw independence and the DS dependence were confirmed by the β-1,3-glucan sulfates having significantly higher affinity to CXCL12. The chemokine binding resulted in reduced CXCL12-induced Erk1/2 signaling and chemotaxis of Raji cells which was also independent of the Mw. Solely the oxidatively degraded fucoidan fraction displayed a significantly reduced chemotaxis inhibition. In conclusion, degradation of fucoidans to obtain biopharmaceutically more favorable Mw is possible without impairing their activities targeting CXCL12. Moreover, the β-1,3-glucan sulfates should also be considered as promising candidates for further development.
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Bittkau KS, Dörschmann P, Blümel M, Tasdemir D, Roider J, Klettner A, Alban S. Comparison of the Effects of Fucoidans on the Cell Viability of Tumor and Non-Tumor Cell Lines. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E441. [PMID: 31357497 PMCID: PMC6722501 DOI: 10.3390/md17080441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans extracted from brown algae exert manifold biological activities paving the way for the development of numerous applications including treatments outside tumor therapy such as age-related macular degeneration or tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of fucoidans extracted from six different algae (Fucus vesiculosus, F. serratus, F. distichus subsp. evanescens, Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus, Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima) as well as three reference compounds (Sigma fucoidan, heparin, enoxaparin) on tumor (HL-60, Raji, HeLa, OMM-1, A-375, HCT-116, Hep G2) and non-tumor (ARPE-19, HaCaT) cell lines. All fucoidans were extracted according to a standardized procedure and tested in a commercially available MTS assay. Cell viability was measured after 24 h incubation with test compounds (1-100 µg/mL). Apart from few exceptions, fucoidans and heparins did not impair cell viability. In contrast, fucoidans significantly increased cell viability of suspension cell lines, but not of adherent cells. Fucoidans slightly increased viability of tumor cells and had no impact on the viability of non-tumor cells. The cell viability of HeLa and ARPE-19 cells negatively correlated with protein content and total phenolic content (TPC) of fucoidans, respectively. In summary, none of the tested fucoidans turned out to be anti-proliferative, rendering them interesting for future studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya Saskia Bittkau
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Dörschmann
- University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Blümel
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johann Roider
- University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexa Klettner
- University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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18
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Lahrsen E, Schoenfeld AK, Alban S. Degradation of Eight Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracted from Red and Brown Algae and Its Impact on Structure and Pharmacological Activities. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1200-1214. [PMID: 33405640 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Degradation represents a strategy to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of native algae sulfated polysaccharides (SP) with high Mw. The aim of this study was to compare the degradability of four sulfated xylogalactans (SXG) and four fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides (FRSP) extracted from red and brown algae, respectively, using three simple methods causing no desulfation as well as to examine the chemical and pharmacological changes of the resulting fractions. The achieved degradation proved to be dependent on the basic glycan structure of the SP. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide (3%, 4 h, 50 °C) led to the most efficient degradation of both FRSP and SXG. The Mw decrease was associated with distinct reduction of the activities (complement inhibition (>) elastase inhibition > C1-INH potentiation) and resulted in a modified pharmacological profile. Despite their much lower degree of sulfation, some of the fractions with Mw < 15 kDa exhibited similar or even stronger activities than heparins, whereas they had only weak anticoagulant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lahrsen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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19
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Pharmacokinetics of human recombinant C1-esterase inhibitor and development of anti-drug antibodies in healthy dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 203:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Catarino MD, Silva AMS, Cardoso SM. Phycochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Fucus spp. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E249. [PMID: 30060505 PMCID: PMC6117670 DOI: 10.3390/md16080249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are known to be a good supply of key nutrients including carbohydrates, protein, minerals, polyunsaturated lipids, as well as several other health-promoting compounds capable of acting on a wide spectrum of disorders and/or diseases. While these marine macroalgae are deeply rooted in the East Asian culture and dietary habits, their major application in Western countries has been in the phycocolloid industry. This scenario has however been gradually changing, since seaweed consumption is becoming more common worldwide. Among the numerous edible seaweeds, members of the genus Fucus have a high nutritional value and are considered good sources of dietary fibers and minerals, especially iodine. Additionally, their wealth of bioactive compounds such as fucoidan, phlorotannins, fucoxanthin and others make them strong candidates for multiple therapeutic applications (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-coagulant, anti-diabetes and others). This review presents an overview of the nutritional and phytochemical composition of Fucus spp., and their claimed biological activities, as well as the beneficial effects associated to their consumption. Furthermore, the use of Fucus seaweeds and/or their components as functional ingredients for formulation of novel and enhanced foods is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D Catarino
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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21
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Lahrsen E, Schoenfeld AK, Alban S. Size-dependent pharmacological activities of differently degraded fucoidan fractions from Fucus vesiculosus. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 189:162-168. [PMID: 29580394 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fucose-containing sulfated glycans (syn. fucoidans) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are therefore considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medical applications. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological activities of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus and 18 gradually depolymerized fractions, which were obtained by hydrothermal and H2O2 treatment, respectively. All the activities decreased with decreasing molecular mass (Mw) but to a different extent resulting in some modified pharmacological profiles in dependence on the Mw as well as on the degradation method. H2O2 treatment was not only more efficient, simpler and cheaper than hydrothermal degradation, but also led to superior activity profiles and additionally eliminated co-extracted contaminants. Compared to heparin, the prime example of biologically active sulfated glycans, evenly sized H2O2 fractions exhibited considerable effects being relevant for anti-inflammatory activity, however only negligible anticoagulant activity and FXII activating potency. Due to their improved biopharmaceutical characteristics and favorable activities, degraded fucoidan fractions are worth to be further investigated as anti-inflammatory and anticomplementary agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lahrsen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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22
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Gradual degradation of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus and its effect on structure, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 192:208-216. [PMID: 29691015 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (syn. fucoidans) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are therefore considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medical applications. During the past three decades, research on isolation, molecular characterization, and screening of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities has significantly increased. Until now, however, fucoidans are only used as ingredients in cosmetics and food supplements, especially due to the proclaimed antioxidant activities of fucoidan. One obstacle to medical applications is the usually high molecular mass of native fucoidans, as it is associated with unfavorable biopharmaceutical properties and possibly undesired effects. Therefore, it seems reasonable to develop fucoidan derivatives with reduced size. So far, in this study, fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus was gradually degraded from Mw 38.2 down to 4.9 kDa without concomitant desulfation. Compared to hydrothermal treatment, the degradation with H2O2 showed to be more efficient and additionally eliminated the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of the genuine fucoidan. This confirmed our previous hypothesis that rather co-extracted compounds like terpenoids and polyphenols than the fucoidan itself exhibit these effects.
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23
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Heparin Mimetics: Their Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10040078. [PMID: 28974047 PMCID: PMC5748635 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin mimetics are synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds that are highly sulfated, structurally distinct analogues of glycosaminoglycans. These mimetics are often rationally designed to increase potency and binding selectivity towards specific proteins involved in disease manifestations. Some of the major therapeutic arenas towards which heparin mimetics are targeted include: coagulation and thrombosis, cancers, and inflammatory diseases. Although Fondaparinux, a rationally designed heparin mimetic, is now approved for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism, the search for novel anticoagulant heparin mimetics with increased affinity and fewer side effects remains a subject of research. However, increasingly, research is focusing on the non-anticoagulant activities of these molecules. Heparin mimetics have potential as anti-cancer agents due to their ability to: (1) inhibit heparanase, an endoglycosidase which facilitates the spread of tumor cells; and (2) inhibit angiogenesis by binding to growth factors. The heparin mimetic, PI-88 is in clinical trials for post-surgical hepatocellular carcinoma and advanced melanoma. The anti-inflammatory properties of heparin mimetics have primarily been attributed to their ability to interact with: complement system proteins, selectins and chemokines; each of which function differently to facilitate inflammation. The efficacy of low/non-anticoagulant heparin mimetics in animal models of different inflammatory diseases has been demonstrated. These findings, plus clinical data that indicates heparin has anti-inflammatory activity, will raise the momentum for developing heparin mimetics as a new class of therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
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24
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Kalambay J, Ghazanfar H, Martes Pena KA, Munshi RA, Zhang G, Patel JY. Pathogenesis of Drug Induced Non-Allergic Angioedema: A Review of Unusual Etiologies. Cureus 2017; 9:e1598. [PMID: 29067222 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioedema is the swelling of mucosal and sub-mucosal tissue. Typically, it manifests as the swelling of the face, lips, and tongue. Angioedema can be severe and life threatening when it involves the respiratory tract. Drug induced allergic angioedema and drug induced non-allergic angioedema differ in their mediator, their clinical presentations, and their management. In drug induced non-allergic angioedema, symptoms are resistant to antihistamine and corticosteroid treatment. The aim of the analysis was to identify which medications are associated with drug-induced non-allergic angioedema and to understand the mechanism of action via which of these medication cause angioedema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruhul A Munshi
- Internal Medicine, Chittagong Medical College & Hospital
| | - George Zhang
- Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Jay Y Patel
- Internal Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Anand,Gujarat
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