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Ngwa JS, Yanek LR, Kammers K, Kanchan K, Taub MA, Scharpf RB, Faraday N, Becker LC, Mathias RA, Ruczinski I. Secondary analyses for genome-wide association studies using expression quantitative trait loci. Genet Epidemiol 2022; 46:170-181. [PMID: 35312098 PMCID: PMC9086181 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with complex traits; however, the identified SNPs account for a fraction of trait heritability, and identifying the functional elements through which genetic variants exert their effects remains a challenge. Recent evidence suggests that SNPs associated with complex traits are more likely to be expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). Thus, incorporating eQTL information can potentially improve power to detect causal variants missed by traditional GWAS approaches. Using genomic, transcriptomic, and platelet phenotype data from the Genetic Study of Atherosclerosis Risk family-based study, we investigated the potential to detect novel genomic risk loci by incorporating information from eQTL in the relevant target tissues (i.e., platelets and megakaryocytes) using established statistical principles in a novel way. Permutation analyses were performed to obtain family-wise error rates for eQTL associations, substantially lowering the genome-wide significance threshold for SNP-phenotype associations. In addition to confirming the well known association between PEAR1 and platelet aggregation, our eQTL-focused approach identified a novel locus (rs1354034) and gene (ARHGEF3) not previously identified in a GWAS of platelet aggregation phenotypes. A colocalization analysis showed strong evidence for a functional role of this eQTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius S. Ngwa
- Department of BiostatisticsJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kai Kammers
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kanika Kanchan
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Margaret A. Taub
- Department of BiostatisticsJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Robert B. Scharpf
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nauder Faraday
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Lewis C. Becker
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rasika A. Mathias
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of BiostatisticsJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Kammers K, Taub MA, Mathias RA, Yanek LR, Kanchan K, Venkatraman V, Sundararaman N, Martin J, Liu S, Hoyle D, Raedschelders K, Holewinski R, Parker S, Dardov V, Faraday N, Becker DM, Cheng L, Wang ZZ, Leek JT, Van Eyk JE, Becker LC. Gene and protein expression in human megakaryocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1783-1799. [PMID: 33829634 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is interest in deriving megakaryocytes (MKs) from pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for biological studies. We previously found that genomic structural integrity and genotype concordance is maintained in iPSC-derived MKs. OBJECTIVE To establish a comprehensive dataset of genes and proteins expressed in iPSC-derived MKs. METHODS iPSCs were reprogrammed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) and MKs were derived from the iPSCs in 194 healthy European American and African American subjects. mRNA was isolated and gene expression measured by RNA sequencing. Protein expression was measured in 62 of the subjects using mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS MKs expressed genes and proteins known to be important in MK and platelet function and demonstrated good agreement with previous studies in human MKs derived from CD34+ progenitor cells. The percent of cells expressing the MK markers CD41 and CD42a was consistent in biological replicates, but variable across subjects, suggesting that unidentified subject-specific factors determine differentiation of MKs from iPSCs. Gene and protein sets important in platelet function were associated with increasing expression of CD41/42a, while those related to more basic cellular functions were associated with lower CD41/42a expression. There was differential gene expression by the sex and race (but not age) of the subject. Numerous genes and proteins were highly expressed in MKs but not known to play a role in MK or platelet function; these represent excellent candidates for future study of hematopoiesis, platelet formation, and/or platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kammers
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret A Taub
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- The GeneSTAR Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- The GeneSTAR Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kanika Kanchan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Barbra Streisand Woman's Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Niveda Sundararaman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Barbra Streisand Woman's Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua Martin
- The GeneSTAR Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Senquan Liu
- Division of Hematology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dixie Hoyle
- Division of Hematology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Barbra Streisand Woman's Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ronald Holewinski
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Barbra Streisand Woman's Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Parker
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Barbra Streisand Woman's Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Victoria Dardov
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Barbra Streisand Woman's Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nauder Faraday
- The GeneSTAR Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- The GeneSTAR Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zack Z Wang
- Division of Hematology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Leek
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Barbra Streisand Woman's Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- The GeneSTAR Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Kammers K, Taub MA, Rodriguez B, Yanek LR, Ruczinski I, Martin J, Kanchan K, Battle A, Cheng L, Wang ZZ, Johnson AD, Leek JT, Faraday N, Becker LC, Mathias RA. Transcriptional profile of platelets and iPSC-derived megakaryocytes from whole-genome and RNA sequencing. Blood 2021; 137:959-968. [PMID: 33094331 PMCID: PMC7918180 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified common variants associated with platelet-related phenotypes, but because these variants are largely intronic or intergenic, their link to platelet biology is unclear. In 290 normal subjects from the GeneSTAR Research Study (110 African Americans [AAs] and 180 European Americans [EAs]), we generated whole-genome sequence data from whole blood and RNA sequence data from extracted nonribosomal RNA from 185 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived megakaryocyte (MK) cell lines (platelet precursor cells) and 290 blood platelet samples from these subjects. Using eigenMT software to select the peak single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for each expressed gene, and meta-analyzing the results of AAs and EAs, we identify (q-value < 0.05) 946 cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in derived MKs and 1830 cis-eQTLs in blood platelets. Among the 57 eQTLs shared between the 2 tissues, the estimated directions of effect are very consistent (98.2% concordance). A high proportion of detected cis-eQTLs (74.9% in MKs and 84.3% in platelets) are unique to MKs and platelets compared with peak-associated SNP-expressed gene pairs of 48 other tissue types that are reported in version V7 of the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project. The locations of our identified eQTLs are significantly enriched for overlap with several annotation tracks highlighting genomic regions with specific functionality in MKs, including MK-specific DNAse hotspots, H3K27-acetylation marks, H3K4-methylation marks, enhancers, and superenhancers. These results offer insights into the regulatory signature of MKs and platelets, with significant overlap in genes expressed, eQTLs detected, and enrichment within known superenhancers relevant to platelet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kammers
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Margaret A Taub
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Benjamin Rodriguez
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Population Sciences Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA; and
| | | | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zack Z Wang
- Division of Hematology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Population Sciences Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA; and
| | - Jeffrey T Leek
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Rasika A Mathias
- The GeneSTAR Research Program
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
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Kanchan K, Iyer K, Yanek LR, Carcamo-Orive I, Taub MA, Malley C, Baldwin K, Becker LC, Broeckel U, Cheng L, Cowan C, D'Antonio M, Frazer KA, Quertermous T, Mostoslavsky G, Murphy G, Rabinovitch M, Rader DJ, Steinberg MH, Topol E, Yang W, Knowles JW, Jaquish CE, Ruczinski I, Mathias RA. Genomic integrity of human induced pluripotent stem cells across nine studies in the NHLBI NextGen program. Stem Cell Res 2020; 46:101803. [PMID: 32442913 PMCID: PMC7575060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines have previously been generated through the NHLBI sponsored NextGen program at nine individual study sites. Here, we examined the structural integrity of 506 hiPSC lines as determined by copy number variations (CNVs). We observed that 149 hiPSC lines acquired 258 CNVs relative to donor DNA. We identified six recurrent regions of CNVs on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 16 and 20 that overlapped with cancer associated genes. Furthermore, the genes mapping to regions of acquired CNVs show an enrichment in cancer related biological processes (IL6 production) and signaling cascades (JNK cascade & NFκB cascade). The genomic region of instability on chr20 (chr20q11.2) includes transcriptomic signatures for cancer associated genes such as ID1, BCL2L1, TPX2, PDRG1 and HCK. Of these HCK shows statistically significant differential expression between carrier and non-carrier hiPSC lines. Overall, while a low level of genomic instability was observed in the NextGen generated hiPSC lines, the observation of structural instability in regions with known cancer associated genes substantiates the importance of systematic evaluation of genetic variations in hiPSCs before using them as disease/research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Kanchan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kruthika Iyer
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Margaret A Taub
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire Malley
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Baldwin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chad Cowan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matteo D'Antonio
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- The Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Murphy
- The Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin H Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Topol
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gutmann C, Joshi A, Mayr M. Platelet "-omics" in health and cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:87-96. [PMID: 32646580 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of platelets for cardiovascular disease was established as early as the 19th century. Their therapeutic inhibition stands alongside the biggest achievements in medicine. Still, certain aspects of platelet pathophysiology remain unclear. This includes platelet resistance to antiplatelet therapy and the contribution of platelets to vascular remodelling and extends beyond cardiovascular disease to haematological disorders and cancer. To address these gaps in our knowledge, a better understanding of the underlying molecular processes is needed. This will be enabled by technologies that capture dysregulated molecular processes and can integrate them into a broader network of biological systems. The advent of -omics technologies, such as mass spectrometry proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics; highly multiplexed affinity-based proteomics; microarray- or RNA-sequencing-(RNA-seq)-based transcriptomics, and most recently ribosome footprint-based translatomics, has enabled a more holistic understanding of platelet biology. Most of these methods have already been applied to platelets, and this review will summarise this information and discuss future developments in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gutmann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
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Steichen C, Hannoun Z, Luce E, Hauet T, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A. Genomic integrity of human induced pluripotent stem cells: Reprogramming, differentiation and applications. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:729-747. [PMID: 31692979 PMCID: PMC6828592 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten years after the initial generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from human tissues, their potential is no longer questioned, with over 15000 publications listed on PubMed, covering various fields of research; including disease modeling, cell therapy strategies, pharmacology/toxicology screening and 3D organoid systems. However, despite evidences that the presence of mutations in hiPSCs should be a concern, publications addressing genomic integrity of these cells represent less than 1% of the literature. After a first overview of the mutation types currently reported in hiPSCs, including karyotype abnormalities, copy number variations, single point mutation as well as uniparental disomy, this review will discuss the impact of reprogramming parameters such as starting cell type and reprogramming method on the maintenance of the cellular genomic integrity. Then, a specific focus will be placed on culture conditions and subsequent differentiation protocols and how their may also trigger genomic aberrations within the cell population of interest. Finally, in a last section, the impact of genomic alterations on the possible usages of hiPSCs and their derivatives will also be exemplified and discussed. We will also discuss which techniques or combination of techniques should be used to screen for genomic abnormalities with a particular focus on the necessary quality controls and the potential alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Steichen
- INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers F-86021, France
- Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Bâtiment D1, 6 rue de la milétrie, TSA 51115, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Zara Hannoun
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR_S1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eléanor Luce
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR_S1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Hepatinov, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers F-86021, France
- Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Bâtiment D1, 6 rue de la milétrie, TSA 51115, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
- Service de Biochimie, Pôle Biospharm, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers F-86021, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SUPORT, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers F-86021, France
| | - Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR_S1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Hepatinov, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France
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Reiner AP, Johnson AD. Platelet Genomics. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Red Blood Cells and Platelet Concentrates: From Bench to Bedside. Cells 2017; 7:cells7010002. [PMID: 29280988 PMCID: PMC5789275 DOI: 10.3390/cells7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells and platelets are anucleate blood components indispensable for oxygen delivery and hemostasis, respectively. Derivation of these blood elements from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has the potential to develop blood donor-independent and genetic manipulation-prone products to complement or replace current transfusion banking, also minimizing the risk of alloimmunization. While the production of erythrocytes from iPS cells has challenges to overcome, such as differentiation into adult-type phenotype that functions properly after transfusion, platelet products are qualitatively and quantitatively approaching a clinically-applicable level owing to advances in expandable megakaryocyte (MK) lines, platelet-producing bioreactors, and novel reagents. Guidelines that assure the quality of iPS cells-derived blood products for clinical application represent a novel challenge for regulatory agencies. Considering the minimal risk of tumorigenicity and the expected significant demand of such products, ex vivo production of iPS-derived blood components can pave the way for iPS translation into the clinic.
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