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Taylor S, Gruen M, KuKanich K, X Lascelles BD, Monteiro BP, Sampietro LR, Robertson S, Steagall PV. 2024 ISFM and AAFP consensus guidelines on the long-term use of NSAIDs in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X241241951. [PMID: 38587872 PMCID: PMC11103309 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241241951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used and are effective for the management of pain in cats. These Guidelines will support veterinarians in decision-making around prescribing NSAIDs in situations of chronic pain, to minimise adverse effects and optimise pain management. Information is provided on mechanism of action, indications for use, screening prior to prescription, use in the presence of comorbidities, monitoring of efficacy, and avoidance and management of adverse effects. CLINICAL CHALLENGES The cat's unique metabolism should be considered when prescribing any medications, including NSAIDs. Chronic pain may be challenging to detect in this species and comorbidities, particularly chronic kidney disease, are common in senior cats. Management of chronic pain may be complicated by prescription of other drugs with the potential for interactions with NSAIDs. EVIDENCE BASE These Guidelines have been created by a panel of experts brought together by the International Society of Feline Medicine (ISFM) and American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP). Information is based on the available literature, expert opinion and the panel members' experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Taylor
- Panel ChairInternational Society of Feline Medicine, International Cat Care, Tisbury, Wi Itshire, UK
| | - Margaret Gruen
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; and Behavioural Medicine Service - Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, NC, USA
| | - Kate KuKanich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, KS, USA
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program and Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre (CPREC), North Carolina State University, NC, USA
| | - Beatriz P Monteiro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sheilah Robertson
- Lap of Love Veterinary Hospice, Lutz, FL, USA; and Courtesy Lecturer, Shelter Medicine Program, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Paulo V Steagall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, SAR China; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Maniaki E, Murrell J, Langley-Hobbs SJ, Blackwell EJ. Do owner-reported changes in mobility reflect measures of activity, pain and degenerative joint disease in cats? J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231178765. [PMID: 37382593 PMCID: PMC10811984 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231178765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this blinded, nested case-control study was to compare cats with and without early owner-reported mobility changes using subjective and objective outcome measures (owner-completed questionnaires, orthopaedic examination). METHODS A total of 57 cats with and without early owner-reported signs of impaired mobility were allocated to the case (n = 30) and control (n = 27) groups, respectively. Participating owners completed one inclusion and two pre-visit questionnaires (Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index, VetMetrica). Cats were then visited in their own homes, where they underwent an orthopaedic examination, an assessment of their body condition score and temperament, and the placement of an accelerometer on their collar for 2 weeks. RESULTS There was no significant difference between groups for age category, breed, sex, temperament and body condition score. Case cats scored significantly lower for the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (P = 0.003) and the VetMetrica domain of Comfort (P = 0.002), but not Vitality (P = 0.009) or Emotional Wellbeing (P = 0.018). Total pain (P <0.0001), crepitus (P = 0.002) and thickening (P = 0.003) scores were higher in case cats, as was the presence of bilateral disease (P = 0.005, odds ratio 14) and the number of bilaterally affected joints (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Both the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index and orthopaedic examination were able to differentiate cats with early owner-reported signs of impaired mobility from healthy cats. VetMetrica Comfort domain scores indicated a compromised quality of life for cats with early owner-reported signs of impaired mobility compared with healthy cats. Being able to recognise signs of mobility impairment earlier would allow interventions aimed at slowing disease progression, thereby improving feline health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo Murrell
- Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, Bristol, UK
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Monteiro BP, Lascelles BDX, Murrell J, Robertson S, Steagall PVM, Wright B. 2022
WSAVA
guidelines for the recognition, assessment and treatment of pain. J Small Anim Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Monteiro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Université de Montréal 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint‐Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
| | - B. D. X. Lascelles
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory and Surgery Section North Carolina State University 4700 Hillsborough Street Raleigh NC USA
| | - J. Murrell
- Highcroft Veterinary Referrals 615 Wells Rd, Whitchurch Bristol BS149BE UK
| | - S. Robertson
- Senior Medical Director Lap of Love Veterinary Hospice 17804 N US Highway 41 Lutz FL 33549 USA
| | - P. V. M. Steagall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Université de Montréal 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint‐Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
| | - B. Wright
- Mistral Vet 4450 Thompson Pkwy Fort Collins CO 80534 USA
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Cunningham R, Gruen ME, Thomson A, Lascelles BDX. Evaluation of a nutritional supplement for the alleviation of pain associated with feline degenerative joint disease: a prospective, randomized, stratified, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:962-974. [PMID: 34719996 PMCID: PMC10812307 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211053484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pain-alleviating and activity-enhancing effects of glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate (Dasuquin) in cats that had degenerative joint disease (DJD) and owner-noted mobility/activity impairment. We hypothesized that the nutritional supplement would produce pain-relieving and activity-enhancing effects in cats with painful DJD. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, stratified, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 59 cats with DJD pain were assigned to receive a placebo (n = 30) or supplement (n = 29) for 6 weeks after 2 weeks of placebo. Outcome measures (at-home accelerometry and client-specific outcome measures [feline (CSOMf); Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI); quality of life (QoL)]; and veterinarian examination) were collected at days 14, 28, 42 and 56. RESULTS Twenty-seven cats in the treatment group and 30 in the placebo group completed the trial. Within the first 2 weeks (placebo administration to all cats), 78% of all cats had an improvement in CSOMf scores. Both groups showed significant improvement at most time points in CSOMf, FMPI, QoL and pain scores, with the placebo group showing greater improvement than the supplement group (significant for CSOMf [P = 0.01]). Overall, no differences in activity were seen between the groups. Cumulative distribution function analysis indicated that for most levels of activity, the placebo-treated cats were more active; however, the least active cats were more active on the supplement (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study showed a strong placebo effect. The glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate supplement did not show pain-relieving effects when compared with placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Cunningham
- Comparative Behavioral Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Comparative Behavioral Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Thomson
- Comparative Behavioral Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, NC, USA
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Rowlison de Ortiz A, Belda B, Hash J, Enomoto M, Robertson J, Lascelles BDX. Initial exploration of the discriminatory ability of the PetPace collar to detect differences in activity and physiological variables between healthy and osteoarthritic dogs. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:949877. [PMID: 36147035 PMCID: PMC9485802 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.949877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accelerometry has been used to evaluate activity in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) pain, especially in relation to effect of treatment; however no studies have compared accelerometry-measured activity in dogs with OA-pain and healthy dogs. The aims of this study were to (1) compare activity output from the PetPace collar with the validated Actical monitor and (2) determine if PetPace collar outputs (overall activity, activity levels, body position, and vital signs) differed between healthy dogs and dogs with OA-pain. Methods This was an observational, non-interventional study in healthy dogs and dogs with OA-pain. All dogs were outfitted with the PetPace collar and the Actical monitor simultaneously for 14 days. Output from these devices was compared (correlations), and output from the PetPace device was used to explore differences between groups across the activity and vital sign outputs (including calculated heart rate variability indices). Results There was moderate correlation between the PetPace collar and Actical monitor output (R2 = 0.56, p < 0.001). Using data generated by the PetPace collar, OA-pain dogs had lower overall activity counts and spent less time standing than healthy dogs. Healthy dogs spent more time at higher activity levels than OA-pain dogs. Certain heart rate variability indices in OA-pain dogs were lower than in healthy dogs. Conclusions and clinical relevance The results of this study suggest that the PetPace collar can detect differences between healthy dogs and those with OA-pain, and that OA-pain negatively impacts overall activity levels in dogs, and especially higher intensity activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Rowlison de Ortiz
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Office of Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Beatriz Belda
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jon Hash
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Masataka Enomoto
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - James Robertson
- Office of Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - B. Duncan X. Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Thurston Arthritis Center, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Pain Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: B. Duncan X. Lascelles
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Lascelles BDX, Brown DC, Conzemius MG, Gill M, Oshinsky ML, Sharkey M. The beneficial role of companion animals in translational pain research. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:1002204. [PMID: 36133153 PMCID: PMC9483146 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1002204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of spontaneous painful disease in companion pet animals has been highlighted as one of the changes that could be made to help improve translation of basic science to new therapeutics, acting as a bridge between preclinical and clinical studies, with the goal of accelerating the approval of new therapeutics. This review focuses on the utility of companion pet dogs for translational research by reviewing what outcome measures can be measured, and importantly, the relevance of these outcome measures to human translational research. It also details the practical considerations involved in incorporating companion dogs into human therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Duncan X. Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Thurston Arthritis Centre, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Correspondence: B. Duncan X. Lascelles
| | - Dottie C. Brown
- Global Efficacy & Model Development, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, United States
| | - Michael G. Conzemius
- Clinical Investigation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Marie Gill
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael L. Oshinsky
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Sharkey
- Center for Veterinary Medicine Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, United States
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Gruen ME, Lascelles BDX, Colleran E, Gottlieb A, Johnson J, Lotsikas P, Marcellin-Little D, Wright B. 2022 AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:55-76. [PMID: 35195712 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
These updated guidelines present a practical and logical approach to the assessment and management of acute and chronic pain in canine and feline patients. Recognizing pain is fundamental to successful treatment, and diagnostic guides and algorithms are included for assessment of both acute and chronic pain. Particularly for chronic pain, capturing owner evaluation is important, and pain-assessment instruments for pet owners are described. Expert consensus emphasizes proactive, preemptive pain management rather than a reactive, "damage control" approach. The guidelines discuss treatment options centered on preemptive, multimodal analgesic therapies. There is an extensive variety of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapeutic options for the management of acute and chronic pain in cats and dogs. The guidelines include a tiered decision tree that prioritizes the use of the most efficacious therapeutic modalities for the treatment of acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Gruen
- North Carolina State University, Department of Clinical Sciences (M.E.G.)
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- North Carolina State University, Translational Research in Pain, Department of Clinical Sciences (B.D.X.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Denis Marcellin-Little
- University of California, Davis, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (D.M-L.)
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Enomoto M, Lascelles BDX, Robertson JB, Gruen ME. Refinement of the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI) and development of the short-form FMPI. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:142-151. [PMID: 34002643 PMCID: PMC10812168 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211011984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and responsiveness of the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI) using the collective results of multiple clinical studies and iteratively refine the FMPI for future use. METHODS Data were compiled from previously conducted studies involving client-owned cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD) and which used the FMPI. The reliability of the FMPI was assessed using the data from the initial visits of those studies. For the assessment of responsiveness of the FMPI, only placebo-controlled studies that used analgesic treatments were included. Treatment groups from each study were combined and categorized as 'placebo' group and 'analgesic' group. Then, the mean change from baseline in score of each FMPI item and across all items within and between these groups were assessed. Based on the results of the reliability and responsiveness of the FMPI, stepwise elimination was used to remove the items that were least able to distinguish between the placebo and analgesic groups. Finally, after the stepwise elimination, a proposed new FMPI-short form (FMPI-sf) was constructed and its reliability was reassessed using the data sets described above. Individual and combined data sets of the studies were also used to compare the responsiveness of the original FMPI and the FMPI-sf. RESULTS The data from 180 cats from four studies were included. The original FMPI had a reasonable reliability, but low/no responsiveness. The elimination process of FMPI items refined the responsiveness of the instrument while maintaining its reliability. When the responsiveness was compared between the original FMPI (17 items) and the FMPI-sf (nine items), the treatment effect between groups was always greater when the FMPI-sf was used. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The proposed FMPI-sf may be able to better distinguish between placebo and analgesic effects in cats with DJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Enomoto
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James B Robertson
- Biostatistician, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Behavioral Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Yeowell G, Burns D, Fatoye F, Gebrye T, Wright A, Mwacalimba K, Odeyemi I. Indicators of Health-Related Quality of Life in Cats With Degenerative Joint Disease: Systematic Review and Proposal of a Conceptual Framework. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:582148. [PMID: 34869707 PMCID: PMC8636455 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.582148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is becoming increasingly important in companion animals. This study describes a systematic review and development of a proposed conceptual framework to assess HRQoL in cats with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The conceptual framework was developed according to published guidelines. A comprehensive search of the CAB Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was carried out for publications in English from inception to November 12, 2019. Search words used were "cat", "feline", "chronic pain", "pain", and "quality of life". Publications were selected if they were full-text and peer-reviewed, based on primary data, and identified or measured behavioral symptoms of chronic musculoskeletal pain in cats. A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A data extraction form was developed from categories identified in the literature review and piloted on a small number of studies to ascertain the appropriateness for relevant data extraction. Categories were then finalized, and key domains were identified. The domains were then synthesized to develop a conceptual framework. Results: A total of 454 studies were identified, of which 14 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-synthesis. All 14 were assessed to be of good quality. Seven domains related to HRQoL in cats with OA were thematically identified from the data: mobility, physical appearance, energy and vitality, mood, pain expression, sociability, and physical and mental wellbeing. The three main HRQoL domains were pain expression, mobility, and physical and mental wellbeing, which impacted all the others. Pain and mobility impacted all six other domains, with increased pain and decreased mobility negatively impacting physical appearance, energy and vitality, mood, sociability, and physical and mental wellbeing. Conclusions and Relevance: This is the first study to develop an evidence-based conceptual framework for the assessment of HRQoL in cats with OA. The proposed conceptual framework suggests that effective management of chronic pain in cats may improve their overall HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Yeowell
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Burns
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Fatoye
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tadesse Gebrye
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Wright
- Outcomes Research, International Center of Excellence, Zoetis, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Isaac Odeyemi
- Outcomes Research, International Center of Excellence, Zoetis, Dublin, Ireland
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Nixon E, Carlson AR, Routh PA, Hernandez L, Almond GW, Baynes RE, Messenger KM. Comparative effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at castration and tail-docking in neonatal piglets. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254409. [PMID: 34847143 PMCID: PMC8631668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of meloxicam, flunixin, and ketoprofen in piglets undergoing routine castration and tail-docking. Six-day-old male piglets (8/group) received one of five randomized treatments: intramuscular saline (SAL PROC), meloxicam (MEL; 0.4 mg/kg), flunixin (FLU; 2.2 mg/kg), ketoprofen (KETO; 3.0 mg/kg) or sham (SAL SHAM; saline injection, no processing). Two hours post-dose, piglets were castrated and tail-docked. Plasma cortisol, interstitial fluid (ISF) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and activity levels via Actical® monitoring were used to estimate pain. SAL SHAM and FLU exhibited lower cortisol concentrations than SAL PROC at the time of processing (p = 0.003 and p = 0.049, respectively), and all NSAIDs exhibited lower PGE2 than SAL PROC at 3.69 hours (MEL p = 0.050; FLU p = 0.043 and KETO p = 0.031). While not statistically significant, PGE2 was higher in SAL PROC piglets vs. other treatment groups at most time points. There was also a high degree of variability between piglets, especially for SAL PROC. Activity levels were significantly decreased at multiple time points in SAL PROC and MEL piglets following processing. However, FLU and KETO piglets had increased activity levels closer to that of the SAL SHAM group, suggesting that these NSAIDs are more effective than MEL in providing analgesia. These results demonstrate that management strategies including administration of intramuscular flunixin or ketoprofen to reduce pain associated with processing will likely improve piglet health and welfare in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nixon
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Alexandra R. Carlson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Routh
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Liliana Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Glen W. Almond
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Ronald E. Baynes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hadar BN, Lambrecht KJ, Poljak Z, Coe JB, Stone EA, Verbrugghe A, Bernardo TM. A technology-enhanced weight-loss program in multiple-cat households: a randomized controlled trial. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 24:726-738. [PMID: 34672236 PMCID: PMC9315194 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211044412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine whether a technology-enhanced
weight-loss program, using a home pet health technology ecosystem, is an
effective tool in feline weight-loss management in multiple-cat households
and to evaluate its impact on cat behavior. Methods The study was a prospective parallel unmasked block-randomized controlled
trial comparing two weight loss intervention groups: (1) traditional group
with dietary restriction alone (n = 9); (2) technology group that used
dietary restriction, digital scales, smart feeders, activity monitors and
pet treat cameras (n = 6). A 12-week weight-loss program of client-owned
indoor-only two- or three-cat households with at least one overweight cat
was conducted in Canada and the USA. Owner impressions of the technology,
weight loss rates, smart feeder data, activity monitor data and
health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed. Results The study was completed by 9/15 traditional group and 6/10 technology group
cats. Dropouts were mainly due to owner issues unrelated to the study. The
pet health technology ecosystem received favorable reviews (six responders).
Smart feeders and home scales were perceived as valuable additions, while
activity monitors and pet treat cameras were valued lower. The average
weekly weight-loss rate (percent loss of initial body weight) was higher
(P = 0.036) in the technology group (0.694%) than in
the traditional group (0.175%). Although not associated with weight-loss
rates, technology group cats trended toward grazing feeding patterns and
decreased daily activity counts, while HRQoL increased, on average, for all
cats. Conclusions and relevance This introductory investigation suggests that a technology-enhanced
weight-loss program would be accepted by cat owners and may deliver
advantageous outcomes in multiple-cat households, providing an effective and
practical tool in feline weight-loss strategies that will continue to evolve
as new technologies become available. It also illustrates the potential
value of data gathered from home monitoring devices and digital diaries,
providing deeper insights into pet behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barr N Hadar
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Zvonimir Poljak
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jason B Coe
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Theresa M Bernardo
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
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King JN, Seewald W, Forster S, Friton G, Adrian DE, Lascelles BDX. Clinical safety of robenacoxib in cats with chronic musculoskeletal disease. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2384-2394. [PMID: 34196973 PMCID: PMC8478032 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluate the clinical safety of robenacoxib in cats with chronic musculoskeletal disease (CMSD). Animals Four hundred forty‐nine client‐owned cats with CMSD. Methods Pooled analysis of safety variables from 4 prospective randomized blinded clinical trials of robenacoxib (n = 222) versus placebo (n = 227), administered orally once daily for 4 to 12 weeks. Safety was evaluated from reported adverse events (AEs) and abnormalities detected on hematology and serum and urine chemistry analyses. Results The number of cats with at least 1 AE was not significantly different (P = .15) with robenacoxib (n = 106, 47.8%) compared to placebo (n = 93, 41.0%). The relative risk of at least 1 AE (incidence robenacoxib/placebo) was 1.15 (95% confidence interval 0.93‐1.43). There was no significant difference between groups in the number of clinical signs (range, 0‐9) per cat (P = .23). Serum creatinine concentrations were higher during robenacoxib administration compared to placebo (+4.36 μmol/L, 95% confidence interval 0.21‐8.50), but no related adverse clinical effects were detected. In the subgroup of 126 cats with evidence of chronic kidney disease, the relative risk of at least 1 AE (robenacoxib/placebo) was 1.09 (95% confidence interval 0.78‐1.52, P = .61). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Robenacoxib was not associated with increased risk of AEs compared to placebo when administered for 4 to 12 weeks to cats with CMSD. The generalizability of the results to general practice is limited by the fact that cases with severe and uncontrolled concomitant diseases were not included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N King
- Elanco Animal Health, Companion Animal Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Seewald
- Elanco Animal Health, Companion Animal Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Forster
- Elanco Animal Health, Companion Animal Development, Basingstoke, UK
| | - Gabriele Friton
- Elanco Animal Health, Companion Animal Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Derek E Adrian
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Pain Research and Education Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Pain Research and Education Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Thurston Arthritis Center, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Xu Z, Laber E, Staicu AM, Lascelles BDX. Novel approach to modeling high-frequency activity data to assess therapeutic effects of analgesics in chronic pain conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7737. [PMID: 33833306 PMCID: PMC8032701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition often associated with pain, affecting approximately fourteen percent of the population, and increasing in prevalence. A globally aging population have made treating OA-associated pain as well as maintaining mobility and activity a public health priority. OA affects all mammals, and the use of spontaneous animal models is one promising approach for improving translational pain research and the development of effective treatment strategies. Accelerometers are a common tool for collecting high-frequency activity data on animals to study the effects of treatment on pain related activity patterns. There has recently been increasing interest in their use to understand treatment effects in human pain conditions. However, activity patterns vary widely across subjects; furthermore, the effects of treatment may manifest in higher or lower activity counts or in subtler ways like changes in the frequency of certain types of activities. We use a zero inflated Poisson hidden semi-Markov model to characterize activity patterns and subsequently derive estimators of the treatment effect in terms of changes in activity levels or frequency of activity type. We demonstrate the application of our model, and its advance over traditional analysis methods, using data from a naturally occurring feline OA-associated pain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Xu
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Eric Laber
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Staicu
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Thurston Arthritis Center, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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14
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Adrian D, King JN, Parrish RS, King SB, C Budsberg S, Gruen ME, Lascelles BDX. Robenacoxib shows efficacy for the treatment of chronic degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats: a randomized and blinded pilot clinical trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7721. [PMID: 33833276 PMCID: PMC8032665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this pilot clinical trial was to evaluate outcome measures for the assessment of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) robenacoxib in cats with degenerative joint disease-associated pain (DJD-pain). Otherwise healthy cats (n = 109) with DJD-pain entered a parallel group, randomized, blinded clinical trial. Cats received placebo (P) or robenacoxib (R) for two consecutive 3-week periods. Treatment groups were PP, RR, and RP. Actimetry and owner-assessment data were collected. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects and generalized mixed-effects linear models. Activity data showed high within-cat and between-cat variability, and 82.4% of the values were zero. Compared to placebo, mean total activity was higher (5.7%) in robenacoxib-treated cats (p = 0.24); for the 80th percentile of activity, more robenacoxib-treated cats had a > 10% increase in activity after 3 (p = 0.046) and 6 weeks (p = 0.026). Robenacoxib treatment significantly decreased owner-assessed disability, (p = 0.01; 49% reduction in disability; effect size ~ 0.3), and improved temperament (p = 0.0039) and happiness (p = 0.021) after 6 weeks. More robenacoxib-treated cats were successes at 6 weeks (p = 0.018; NNT: 3.8). Adverse effect frequencies were similar across groups. Results identified suitable endpoints for confirmatory studies, while also indicating efficacy of robenacoxib in cats with DJD-pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Adrian
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, USA
| | - Jonathan N King
- Elanco Animal Health, Companion Animal Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rudolph S Parrish
- Elanco Animal Health, Companion Animal Development, Greenfield, IN, USA
- Vista Research LLC, Bath, ME, USA
| | - Stephen B King
- Elanco Animal Health, Companion Animal Development, Greenfield, IN, USA
| | - Steven C Budsberg
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Behavioral Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Pain Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Thurston Arthritis Center, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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15
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Lee WH, Lim MH, Seo HG, Oh BM, Kim S. Hyoid kinematic features for poor swallowing prognosis in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1471. [PMID: 33446787 PMCID: PMC7809117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of prognostic factors for swallowing recovery in patients with post-stroke dysphagia is crucial for determining therapeutic strategies. We aimed at exploring hyoid kinematic features of poor swallowing prognosis in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. Of 122 patients who experienced dysphagia following ischemic stroke, 18 with poor prognosis, and 18 age- and sex-matched patients with good prognosis were selected and retrospectively reviewed. Positional data of the hyoid bone during swallowing were obtained from the initial videofluoroscopic swallowing study after stroke onset. Normalized hyoid profiles of displacement/velocity and direction angle were analyzed using functional regression analysis, and maximal or mean values were compared between the good and poor prognosis patient groups. Kinematic analysis showed that maximal horizontal displacement (P = 0.031) and velocity (P = 0.034) in forward hyoid motions were significantly reduced in patients with poor prognosis compared to those with good prognosis. Mean direction angle for the initial swallowing phase was significantly lower in patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis (P = 0.0498). Our study revealed that reduced horizontal forward and altered initial backward motions of the hyoid bone during swallowing can be novel kinematic features indicating poor swallowing prognosis in patients with post-stroke dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyuk Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gil Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Mo Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do, 12564, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Aging, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Du Roy de Chaumaray M, Marbac M, Navarro F. Mixture of hidden Markov models for accelerometer data. Ann Appl Stat 2020. [DOI: 10.1214/20-aoas1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Dowgray N, Comerford E. Feline musculoskeletal ageing: How are we diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal impairment? J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:1069-1083. [PMID: 33100170 PMCID: PMC10814220 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20965832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE An understanding of the process of musculoskeletal ageing - which all senior and geriatric cats will experience - is vital to maintaining the health and welfare of our ageing cat population. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Assessment of the feline musculoskeletal system is not always straightforward. Diagnosis of impairment relies on input from owners and veterinarians in terms of visual observation, and clinical and orthopaedic examination, in addition to diagnostic imaging. AUDIENCE This review is written for the primary care veterinary team. AIMS The goals are to raise awareness and improve clinical diagnosis of musculoskeletal impairment as a result of ageing. The article also reviews therapeutic options and considers the evidence available for the prevention/deceleration of musculoskeletal ageing and impairment. EVIDENCE BASE There is good evidence of a high prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) and degenerative joint disease (DJD) in older cats. There is also good evidence to indicate that functional impairment and chronic pain are sequelae of musculoskeletal disease. However, there is a paucity of information for what is best practice for the management and treatment of musculoskeletal impairment in a clinical situation. There is also a lack of evidence on how prevention of central stimulation of the nervous system caused by musculoskeletal impairment and, in turn the development of chronic pain, can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eithne Comerford
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, UK
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18
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Yamazaki A, Edamura K, Tanegashima K, Tomo Y, Yamamoto M, Hirao H, Seki M, Asano K. Utility of a novel activity monitor assessing physical activities and sleep quality in cats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236795. [PMID: 32735625 PMCID: PMC7394395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis in cats is more prevalent because cats are living longer with advancement in veterinary medicine. Objective evaluation of behavioral changes in cats with osteoarthritis can facilitate an early diagnosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of a novel activity monitor for analyzing physical activities and sleep quality in cats. First, a novel activity monitor (Plus Cycle®; JARMeC, Kanagawa, Japan), with a built-in three-directional accelerometer and an air pressure sensor specifically designed for cats, was compared to a human activity monitor (Actical®; Philips Respironics, OR, USA) previously used in cats (n = 10). Second, the validity of the measurement accuracy of the amount of physical activity, the number of vibrations, the number of jumps, and the resting and sleeping time was evaluated using Plus Cycle® in healthy cats (n = 6). Finally, the effects of gender and age of cats and time of day on the amount of physical activity, the number of vibrations, the number of jumps, and the resting and sleeping time were investigated in client-owned cats (n = 61). There were strong correlations between Plus Cycle® and Actical® in total activity (p < 0.05) and activity intensity (p < 0.05). When the physical activities were measured using Plus Cycle® in healthy cats, those data were quantified with high accuracy. In addition, it was also found to be very accurate in discriminating the resting and sleeping conditions of cats. In client-owned cats, there were no significant differences with respect to gender in any measured traits. The amount of physical activity and the number of jumps significantly decreased with the age of the cat. In contrast, the resting and sleeping times significantly increased with the age of the cat. In conclusion, Plus Cycle® can accurately and objectively assess physical activities and sleep quality with age of the cat, suggesting that this novel activity monitor can be used to manage the feline musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Edamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Koji Tanegashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuma Tomo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamamoto
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Hirao
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mamiko Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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Sharon KP, Thompson CM, Lascelles BDX, Parrish RS. Novel use of an activity monitor to model jumping behaviors in cats. Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:334-343. [PMID: 32228255 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.4.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop methods to identify and characterize activity monitor (AM) data signatures for jumps performed by cats. ANIMALS 13 healthy, client-owned cats without evidence of osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease. PROCEDURES Each cat was fitted with the same AM, individually placed in an observation room, then simultaneously recorded by 3 video cameras during the observation period (5 to 8 hours). Each cat was encouraged to jump up (JU), jump down (JD), and jump across (JA) during the observation period. Output from the AM was manually annotated for jumping events, each of which was characterized by functional data analysis yielding relevant coefficients. The coefficients were then used in linear discriminant analysis to differentiate recorded jumps as JUs, JDs, or JAs. To assess the model's ability to distinguish among the 3 jump types, a leave-one-out cross-validation method was used, and the misclassification error rate of the overall categorization of the model was calculated. RESULTS Of 731 jumping events, 29 were misclassified. Overall, the mean misclassification error rate per cat was 5.4% (range, 0% to 12.5%), conversely indicating a correct classification rate per cat of 94.6%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the model was successful in correctly identifying JUs, JDs, and JAs in healthy cats. With advancements in AM technology and data processing, there is potential for the model to be applied in clinical settings as a means to obtain objective outcome measures.
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20
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Abstract
This article reviews the current knowledge regarding osteoarthritis-related pain in cats as a structure in which to discuss the assessment of chronic pain in the research and clinical settings. The scientific evidence available for current and emerging drug therapies is described. The importance of environmental enrichment and positive emotions to reduce pain, stress, and anxiety as means to promote feline welfare and human-pet bond is discussed.
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21
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Enomoto M, Lascelles BDX, Gruen ME. Development of a checklist for the detection of degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:1137-1147. [PMID: 32122226 PMCID: PMC7736399 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20907424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based, clinically expedient checklist to identify cats likely to have degenerative joint disease (DJD)-associated pain. METHODS Data were compiled from previously conducted studies that employed a standardized subjective outcome measure consisting of a series of questions. These studies included a prevalence study (with DJD non-informed owners) and therapeutic trials (with DJD-informed owners). For each cat, and each question, response scores were converted to 'impaired' and 'unimpaired'. Cats were categorized as 'DJD pain' and 'non-DJD' based on orthopedic pain and radiographic DJD scores. These binary data were compared between cat phenotypes (non-DJD and DJD pain) for each question. Sensitivity and specificity of each question were calculated using the binary data; based on this, potential questions for the checklist were selected. Sensitivity and specificity across this group of questions were calculated, and questions sequentially removed to optimize length, sensitivity and specificity. Finally, the proposed checklist was applied to a novel data set to evaluate its ability to identify cats with DJD pain. RESULTS In total, 249 DJD pain cats and 53 non-DJD cats from five studies were included. Nine questions with adequate sensitivity and specificity were initially identified. Following sequential removal of questions, a checklist with six binary questions was proposed. Based on the data from the cohorts of DJD-informed and DJD non-informed owners, the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed checklist were approximately 99% and 100%, and 55% and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The proposed checklist represents a data-driven approach to construct a screening checklist for DJD pain in cats. This checklist provides a clinically expedient tool likely to increase veterinarians' ability to screen for DJD pain in cats. The identified behaviors comprising the checklist may further provide a foundation for increasing awareness of DJD pain among cat owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Enomoto
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Behavioral Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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22
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Stadig S, Lascelles BDX, Nyman G, Bergh A. Evaluation and comparison of pain questionnaires for clinical screening of osteoarthritis in cats. Vet Rec 2019; 185:757. [PMID: 31619513 PMCID: PMC6996100 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of long-standing pain and physical dysfunction. Performing a physical examination of a cat is often challenging. There is a need for disease-specific questionnaires or the so-called clinical metrology instruments (CMIs) to facilitate diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of feline OA. The CMI provides the owners an assessment of the cat's behavioural and lifestyle changes in the home environment. The purpose of the study was to evaluate readability, internal consistency, reliability and discriminatory ability of four CMIs. METHODS This is a prospective, cross-sectional study with 142 client-owned cats. Feline OA was diagnosed based on medical history, orthopaedic examination and radiography. RESULTS The results indicate that all four instruments have sound readability, internal consistency, are reliable over time and have good discriminatory ability. Preliminary cut-off values with optimal sensitivity and specificity were suggested for each instrument. The osteoarthritic cats showed significant changes in behavioural response to pain during orthopaedic examination, compared with sound cats. CONCLUSION The results indicate that all four questionnaires make an important contribution in a clinical setting, and that the cat's behavioural response to pain during physical examination should be a parameter to take into account as a possible indication of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stadig
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gorel Nyman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Gruen ME, Samson DR, Lascelles BDX. Functional linear modeling of activity data shows analgesic-mediated improved sleep in dogs with spontaneous osteoarthritis pain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14192. [PMID: 31578432 PMCID: PMC6775071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, pain due to osteoarthritis has been demonstrated to be associated with insomnia and sleep disturbances that affect perception of pain, productivity, and quality of life. Dogs, which develop spontaneous osteoarthritis and represent an increasingly used model for human osteoarthritis, would be expected to show similar sleep disturbances. Further, these sleep disturbances should be mitigated by analgesic therapy. Previous efforts to quantify sleep in osteoarthritic dogs using accelerometry have not demonstrated a beneficial effect of analgesic therapy; this is despite owner-reported improvements in dogs' sleep quality. However, analytic techniques for time-series accelerometry data have advanced with the development of functional linear modeling. Our aim was to apply functional linear modeling to accelerometry data from osteoarthritic dogs participating in a cross-over non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (meloxicam) drug trial. Significant differences in activity patterns were seen dogs receiving drug (meloxicam) vs. placebo, suggestive of improved nighttime resting (sleep) and increased daytime activity. These results align with owner-reported outcome assessments of sleep quality and further support dogs as an important translational model with benefits for both veterinary and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Gruen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Comparative Pain Research and Education Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - D R Samson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - B D X Lascelles
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Pain Research and Education Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Translational Research in Pain Program, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Thurston Arthritis Center, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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24
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Su DK, Murphy M, Hand A, Zhu X, Witzel-Rollins A. Impact of feeding method on overall activity of indoor, client-owned dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:438-443. [PMID: 31012110 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the total daily activity time, walking time and running time using food-dispensing toys versus bowls in a group of client-owned, primarily indoor dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A two-way, two period, randomised repeated measures mixed-effects crossover study performed on 26 client-owned, primarily indoor dogs. RESULTS Toy feeding increased average daily total activity time by 12% and walking time by 26%. Average daily total activity time and walking time were reduced by 8 and 7% respectively with each increase in year of age. Gender, body condition and muscle condition had no significant effect on average daily total activity or walking time. Toy feeding, time, their interaction, age, gender, body condition and muscle condition had no significant effect on average daily running time. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Feeding toys may be helpful during weight loss programs to achieve the goal of increasing daily exercise duration in dogs that need to lose weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Su
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - M Murphy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - A Hand
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - X Zhu
- Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - A Witzel-Rollins
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
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25
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A Review of Statistical Analyses on Physical Activity Data Collected from Accelerometers. STATISTICS IN BIOSCIENCES 2019; 11:465-476. [PMID: 32863980 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-019-09250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies for the associations between physical activity and disease risk have been supported by newly developed wearable accelerometer-based devices. These devices record raw activity/movement information in real time on a second-by-second basis and the data can be converted to a variety of summary metrics, such as energy expenditure, sedentary time and moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity. Here we review some of the methods used to analyze the accelerometer data and the R packages that can generate activity related variables from raw data. We also discuss longitudinal data and functional data approaches to perform analyses for various research purposes.
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Majuta LA, Mitchell SA, Kuskowski MA, Mantyh PW. Anti-nerve growth factor does not change physical activity in normal young or aging mice but does increase activity in mice with skeletal pain. Pain 2018; 159:2285-2295. [PMID: 29994990 PMCID: PMC6233725 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) therapy has shown significant promise in attenuating several types of skeletal pain. However, whether anti-NGF therapy changes the level of physical activity in individuals with or without skeletal pain is largely unknown. Here, automated day/night activity boxes monitored the effects of anti-NGF treatment on physical activity in normal young (3 months old) and aging (18-23 months old) mice and mice with bone fracture pain. Although aging mice were clearly less active and showed loss of bone mass compared with young mice, anti-NGF treatment had no effect on any measure of day/night activity in either the young or aging mice. By contrast, in mice with femoral fracture pain, anti-NGF treatment produced a clear increase (10%-27%) in horizontal activity, vertical rearing, and velocity of travel compared with the Fracture + Vehicle group. These results suggest, just as in humans, mice titrate their level of physical activity to their level of skeletal pain. The level of skeletal pain may in part be determined by the level of free NGF that seems to rise after injury but not normal aging of the skeleton. In terms of bone healing, animals that received anti-NGF showed an increase in the size of calcified callus but no increase in the number of displaced fractures or time to cortical union. As physical activity is the best nondrug treatment for many patients with skeletal pain, anti-NGF may be useful in reducing pain and promoting activity in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Majuta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | | | | | - Patrick W. Mantyh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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Naik R, Witzel A, Albright JD, Siegfried K, Gruen ME, Thomson A, Price J, Lascelles BDX. Pilot study evaluating the effect of feeding method on overall activity of neutered indoor pet cats. J Vet Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Klinck MP, Gruen ME, del Castillo JR, Guillot M, Thomson AE, Heit M, Lascelles BDX, Troncy E. Development and preliminary validity and reliability of the montreal instrument for cat arthritis testing, for use by caretaker/owner, MI-CAT(C), via a randomised clinical trial. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lascelles BDX, Brown DC, Maixner W, Mogil JS. Spontaneous painful disease in companion animals can facilitate the development of chronic pain therapies for humans. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:175-183. [PMID: 29180098 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To outline the role that spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) in companion animals can play in translational research and therapeutic pharmacological development. OUTLINE Narrative review summarizing the opportunities and limitations of naturally occurring, spontaneous OA as models of human OA pain, with a focus on companion animal pets. The background leading to considering inserting spontaneous disease models in the translational paradigm is provided. The utility of this model is discussed in terms of outcome measures that have been validated as being related to pain, and in terms of the potential for target discovery is outlined. The limitations to using companion animal pets as models of human disease are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Although many steps along the translational drug development pathway have been identified as needing improvement, spontaneous painful OA in companion animals offers translational potential. Such 'models' may better reflect the complex genetic, environmental, temporal and physiological influences present in humans and current data suggests the predictive validity of the models are good. The opportunity for target discovery exists but is, as yet, unproven.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D X Lascelles
- Comparative Pain Research Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Center for Pain Research and Innovation, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - D C Brown
- Translational Comparative Medicine Research, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA
| | - W Maixner
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J S Mogil
- Department of Psychology, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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