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Madison I, Gillan L, Peace J, Gabrieli F, Van den Broeck L, Jones JL, Sozzani R. Phosphate starvation: response mechanisms and solutions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6417-6430. [PMID: 37611151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is essential to plant growth and agricultural crop yields, yet the challenges associated with phosphorus fertilization in agriculture, such as aquatic runoff pollution and poor phosphorus bioavailability, are increasingly difficult to manage. Comprehensively understanding the dynamics of phosphorus uptake and signaling mechanisms will inform the development of strategies to address these issues. This review describes regulatory mechanisms used by specific tissues in the root apical meristem to sense and take up phosphate from the rhizosphere. The major regulatory mechanisms and related hormone crosstalk underpinning phosphate starvation responses, cellular phosphate homeostasis, and plant adaptations to phosphate starvation are also discussed, along with an overview of the major mechanism of plant systemic phosphate starvation responses. Finally, this review discusses recent promising genetic engineering strategies for improving crop phosphorus use and computational approaches that may help further design strategies for improved plant phosphate acquisition. The mechanisms and approaches presented include a wide variety of species including not only Arabidopsis but also crop species such as Oryza sativa (rice), Glycine max (soybean), and Triticum aestivum (wheat) to address both general and species-specific mechanisms and strategies. The aspects of phosphorus deficiency responses and recently employed strategies of improving phosphate acquisition that are detailed in this review may provide insights into the mechanisms or phenotypes that may be targeted in efforts to improve crop phosphorus content and plant growth in low phosphorus soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imani Madison
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lydia Gillan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jasmine Peace
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Flavio Gabrieli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DII), Università degli studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jacob L Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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2
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Becklin KM, Viele BM, Coleman HD. Nutrient conditions mediate mycorrhizal effects on biomass production and cell wall chemistry in poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1571-1583. [PMID: 37166359 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale biofuel production from lignocellulosic feedstock is limited by the financial and environmental costs associated with growing and processing lignocellulosic material and the resilience of these plants to environmental stress. Symbiotic associations with arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi represent a potential strategy for expanding feedstock production while reducing nutrient inputs. Comparing AM and EM effects on wood production and chemical composition is a necessary step in developing biofuel feedstocks. Here, we assessed the productivity, biomass allocation and secondary cell wall (SCW) composition of greenhouse-grown Populus tremuloidesMichx. inoculated with either AM or EM fungi. Given the long-term goal of reducing nutrient inputs for biofuel production, we further tested the effects of nutrient availability and nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry on mycorrhizal responses. Associations with both AM and EM fungi increased plant biomass by 14-74% depending on the nutrient conditions but had minimal effects on SCW composition. Mycorrhizal plants, especially those inoculated with EM fungi, also allocated a greater portion of their biomass to roots, which could be beneficial in the field where plants are likely to experience both water and nutrient stress. Leaf nutrient content was weakly but positively correlated with wood production in mycorrhizal plants. Surprisingly, phosphorus played a larger role in EM plants compared with AM plants. Relative nitrogen and phosphorus availability were correlated with shifts in SCW composition. For AM associations, the benefit of increased wood biomass may be partially offset by increased lignin content, a trait that affects downstream processing of lignocellulosic tissue for biofuels. By comparing AM and EM effects on the productivity and chemical composition of lignocellulosic tissue, this work links broad functional diversity in mycorrhizal associations to key biofuel traits and highlights the importance of considering both biotic and abiotic factors when developing strategies for sustainable biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Becklin
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Bethanie M Viele
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Heather D Coleman
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
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3
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One AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Positively Regulates Pi Uptake and Drought Tolerance in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095241. [PMID: 35563632 PMCID: PMC9099566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought decreases the inorganic phosphate (Pi) supply of soil, resulting in Pi starvation of plants, but the molecular mechanism of how plants, especially the perennial trees, are tolerant to drought stress and Pi starvation, is still elusive. In this study, we identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor gene, PalERF2, from Populus alba var. pyramidalis, and it was induced by both mannitol treatment and Pi starvation. Overexpressing and knocking-down of PalERF2 both enhanced and attenuated tolerance to drought stress and Pi deficiency compared to WT, respectively. Moreover, the overexpression of PalERF2 up-regulated the expression levels of Pi starvation-induced (PSI) genes and increased Pi uptake under drought conditions; however, its RNAi poplar showed the opposite phenotypes. Subsequent analysis indicated that PalERF2 directly modulated expressions of drought-responsive genes PalRD20 and PalSAG113, as well as PSI genes PalPHL2 and PalPHT1;4, through binding to the DRE motifs on their promoters. These results clearly indicate that poplars can recruit PalERF2 to increase the tolerance to drought and also elevate Pi uptake under drought stress.
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Kavka M, Majcherczyk A, Kües U, Polle A. Phylogeny, tissue-specific expression, and activities of root-secreted purple acid phosphatases for P uptake from ATP in P starved poplar. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 307:110906. [PMID: 33902862 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants secrete purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) under phosphorus (P) shortage but the contribution of plant PAPs to P acquisition is not well understood. The goals of this study were to investigate comprehensively the transcription patterns of PAPs under P shortage in poplar (Populus × canescens), to identify secreted PAPs and to characterize their contribution to mobilize organic P. Phylogenetic analyses of the PAP family revealed 33 putative members. In this study, distinct, tissue-specific P responsive expression patterns could be shown for 23 PAPs in roots and leaves. Root-associated PAP activities were localized on the root surface by in-vivo staining. The activities of root-surface PAPs increased significantly under low P availability, but were suppressed by a PAP inhibitor and corresponded to elevated P uptake from ATP as an organic P source. By proteomic analyses of the root apoplast, we identified three newly secreted proteins under P shortage: PtPAP1 (Potri.005G233400) and two proteins with unknown functions (Potri.013G100800 and Potri.001G209300). Our results, based on the combination of transcriptome and proteome analyses with phosphatase activity assays, support that PtPAP1 plays a central role in enhanced P acquisition from organic sources, when the phosphate concentrations in soil are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Kavka
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Laboratory for Radio-Isotopes, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Andrzej Majcherczyk
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ursula Kües
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Center of Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Laboratory for Radio-Isotopes, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Center of Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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5
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Clausing S, Pena R, Song B, Müller K, Mayer-Gruner P, Marhan S, Grafe M, Schulz S, Krüger J, Lang F, Schloter M, Kandeler E, Polle A. Carbohydrate depletion in roots impedes phosphorus nutrition in young forest trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2611-2624. [PMID: 33128821 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient imbalances cause the deterioration of tree health in European forests, but the underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigated the consequences of decreasing root carbohydrate reserves for phosphorus (P) mobilisation and uptake by forest trees. In P-rich and P-poor beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests, naturally grown, young trees were girdled and used to determine root, ectomycorrhizal and microbial activities related to P mobilisation in the organic layer and mineral topsoil in comparison with those in nongirdled trees. After girdling, root carbohydrate reserves decreased. Root phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities linking carbon and P metabolism increased. Root and ectomycorrhizal phosphatase activities and the abundances of bacterial genes catalysing major steps in P turnover increased, but soil enzymes involved in P mobilisation were unaffected. The physiological responses to girdling were stronger in P-poor than in P-rich forests. P uptake was decreased after girdling. The soluble and total P concentrations in roots were stable, but fine root biomass declined after girdling. Our results support that carbohydrate depletion results in reduced P uptake, enhanced internal P remobilisation and root biomass trade-off to compensate for the P shortage. As reductions in root biomass render trees more susceptible to drought, our results link tree deterioration with disturbances in the P supply as a consequence of decreased belowground carbohydrate allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Clausing
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Rodica Pena
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Bin Song
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Karolin Müller
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Paula Mayer-Gruner
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Martin Grafe
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analyses, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analyses, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jaane Krüger
- Soil Ecology, University of Freiburg, Bertoldstraße 17, Freiburg (i. Br.), 79085, Germany
| | - Friederike Lang
- Soil Ecology, University of Freiburg, Bertoldstraße 17, Freiburg (i. Br.), 79085, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analyses, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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Cheng L, Min W, Li M, Zhou L, Hsu CC, Yang X, Jiang X, Ruan Z, Zhong Y, Wang ZY, Wang W. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals that GmENO2 Proteins Are Involved in Response to Phosphate Starvation in the Leaves of Glycine max L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E920. [PMID: 33477636 PMCID: PMC7831476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a major crop providing important source for protein and oil for human life. Low phosphate (LP) availability is a critical limiting factor affecting soybean production. Soybean plants develop a series of strategies to adapt to phosphate (Pi) limitation condition. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for LP stress response remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a label-free quantification (LFQ) analysis of soybean leaves grown under low and high phosphate conditions. We identified 267 induced and 440 reduced differential proteins from phosphate-starved leaves. Almost a quarter of the LP decreased proteins are involved in translation processes, while the LP increased proteins are accumulated in chlorophyll biosynthetic and carbon metabolic processes. Among these induced proteins, an enolase protein, GmENO2a was found to be mostly induced protein. On the transcriptional level, GmENO2a and GmENO2b, but not GmENO2c or GmENO2d, were dramatically induced by phosphate starvation. Among 14 enolase genes, only GmENO2a and GmENO2b genes contain the P1BS motif in their promoter regions. Furthermore, GmENO2b was specifically induced in the GmPHR31 overexpressing soybean plants. Our findings provide molecular insights into how soybean plants tune basic carbon metabolic pathway to adapt to Pi deprivation through the ENO2 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.C.); (X.J.); (Z.R.)
| | - Wanling Min
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (W.M.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Man Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (W.M.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lili Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (W.M.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.-C.H.); (X.Y.); (Z.-Y.W.)
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Xuelian Yang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.-C.H.); (X.Y.); (Z.-Y.W.)
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.C.); (X.J.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zhijie Ruan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.C.); (X.J.); (Z.R.)
| | - Yongjia Zhong
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.-C.H.); (X.Y.); (Z.-Y.W.)
| | - Wenfei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.C.); (X.J.); (Z.R.)
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Gautier AT, Cochetel N, Merlin I, Hevin C, Lauvergeat V, Vivin P, Mollier A, Ollat N, Cookson SJ. Scion genotypes exert long distance control over rootstock transcriptome responses to low phosphate in grafted grapevine. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:367. [PMID: 32746781 PMCID: PMC7398338 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grafting is widely used in horticulture and rootstocks are known to modify scion growth and adaptation to soil conditions. However, the role of scion genotype in regulating rootstock development and functioning has remained largely unexplored. In this study, reciprocal grafts of two grapevine genotypes were produced as well as the corresponding homo-graft controls. These plants were subjected to a low phosphate (LP) treatment and transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing was done on root samples collected 27 h after the onset of the LP treatment. RESULTS A set of transcripts responsive to the LP treatment in all scion/rootstock combinations was identified. Gene expression patterns associated with genetic variation in response to LP were identified by comparing the response of the two homo-grafts. In addition, the scion was shown to modify root transcriptome responses to LP in a rootstock dependent manner. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified modules of correlated genes; the analysis of the association of these modules with the phosphate treatment, and the scion and rootstock genotype identified potential hub genes. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the response of grafted grapevine to phosphate supply and identifies potential shoot-to-root signals that could vary between different grapevine genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine T Gautier
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noé Cochetel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Isabelle Merlin
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cyril Hevin
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Virginie Lauvergeat
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Philippe Vivin
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Alain Mollier
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Ollat
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sarah J Cookson
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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Pongrac P, Fischer S, Thompson JA, Wright G, White PJ. Early Responses of Brassica oleracea Roots to Zinc Supply Under Sufficient and Sub-Optimal Phosphorus Supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1645. [PMID: 31998335 PMCID: PMC6962232 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Shoot zinc (Zn) concentration in Brassica oleracea is affected by soil Zn and phosphorus (P) supply. Most problematic is the negative impact of P fertilizers on Zn concentrations in crops, which makes balancing yield and mineral quality challenging. To evaluate early molecular mechanisms involved in the accumulation of large shoot Zn concentrations regardless of the P supply, two B. oleracea accessions differing in root architecture and root exudates were grown hydroponically for two weeks with different combinations of P and Zn supply. Ionome profiling and deep RNA sequencing of roots revealed interactions of P and Zn in planta, without apparent phenotypic effects. In addition, increasing P supply did not reduce tissue Zn concentration. Substantial changes in gene expression in response to different P and/or Zn supplies in roots of both accessions ensured nutritionally sufficient P and Zn uptake. Numerous genes were differentially expressed after changing Zn or P supply and most of them were unique to only one accession, highlighting their different strategies in achieving nutrient sufficiency. Thus, different gene networks responded to the changing P and Zn supply in the two accessions. Additionally, enrichment analysis of gene ontology classes revealed that genes involved in lipid metabolism, response to starvation, and anion transport mechanisms were most responsive to differences in P and Zn supply in both accessions. The results agreed with previously studies demonstrating alterations in P and Zn transport and phospholipid metabolism in response to reduced P and Zn supply. It is anticipated that improved knowledge of genes responsive to P or Zn supply will help illuminate the roles in uptake and accumulation of P and Zn and might identify candidate genes for breeding high-yield-high-Zn brassicas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pongrac
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sina Fischer
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gladys Wright
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dirks I, Köhler J, Rachmilevitch S, Meier IC. The Phosphorus Economy of Mediterranean Oak Saplings Under Global Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:405. [PMID: 31024583 PMCID: PMC6459984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
While a severe decrease in phosphorus (P) availability is already taking place in a large number of ecosystems, drought and nitrogen (N) deposition will likely further decrease the availability of P under global change. Plants have developed physiological strategies to cope with decreasing P resources, but it is unclear how these strategies respond to elevated N deposition and summer droughts. We investigated the influence of N and P availability and soil drought on P uptake (H3 33PO4 feeding experiment) and use efficiencies in young Quercus calliprinos Webb. trees. We hypothesized that (H1) the expected increases in soil N:P ratios will increase the efficiencies of P uptake and use of oak saplings but will decrease the efficiencies of N uptake and use, whereas (H2) drought will affect P uptake efficiency more than N uptake efficiency. In confirmation of (H1) we found that a sharp increase of the soil N:P ratio from 4 to 42 g g-1 significantly increased the instantaneous 33P uptake efficiency (33PUptakeE) by five-fold and long-term P uptake efficiency (PUptakeE) by six-fold, while it decreased N uptake efficiency (NUptakeE) and N use efficiency (NUE). In contradiction to (H1), P use efficiency (PUE) did not respond to the simulated extended gradient of soil N:P ratios but remained relatively constant. (H2) was only partially confirmed as soil drought reduced PUptakeE by up to a fourth at high soil N:P ratios but had no significant effect on NUptakeE. As a consequence, increasing summer droughts may decrease the response of PUptakeE to increasing P limitation, which - in the absence of adjustments of the efficiency of P use - can aggravate growth reductions in this eastern Mediterranean tree species under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Dirks
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Julia Köhler
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ina C. Meier
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Scheerer U, Trube N, Netzer F, Rennenberg H, Herschbach C. ATP as Phosphorus and Nitrogen Source for Nutrient Uptake by Fagus sylvatica and Populus x canescens Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:378. [PMID: 31019519 PMCID: PMC6458296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study elucidated whether roots of temperate forest trees can take up organic phosphorus in the form of ATP. Detached non-mycorrhizal roots of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and gray poplar (Populus x canescens) were exposed under controlled conditions to 33P-ATP and/or 13C/15N labeled ATP in the presence and absence of the acid phosphatase inhibitor MoO4 2-. Accumulation of the respective label in the roots was used to calculate 33P, 13C and 15N uptake rates in ATP equivalents for comparison reason. The present data shown that a significant part of ATP was cleaved outside the roots before phosphate (Pi) was taken up. Furthermore, nucleotide uptake seems more reasonable after cleavage of at least one Pi unit as ADP, AMP and/or as the nucleoside adenosine. Similar results were obtained when still attached mycorrhizal roots of adult beech trees and their natural regeneration of two forest stands were exposed to ATP in the presence or absence of MoO4 2-. Cleavage of Pi from ATP by enzymes commonly present in the rhizosphere, such as extracellular acid phosphatases, ecto-apyrase and/or nucleotidases, prior ADP/AMP/adenosine uptake is highly probable but depended on the soil type and the pH of the soil solution. Although uptake of ATP/ADP/AMP cannot be excluded, uptake of the nucleoside adenosine without breakdown into its constituents ribose and adenine is highly evident. Based on the 33P, 13C, and 15N uptake rates calculated as equivalents of ATP the 'pro and contra' for the uptake of nucleotides and nucleosides is discussed. Short Summary Roots take up phosphorus from ATP as Pi after cleavage but might also take up ADP and/or AMP by yet unknown nucleotide transporter(s) because at least the nucleoside adenosine as N source is taken up without cleavage into its constituents ribose and adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Scheerer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niclas Trube
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Preiner J, Wienkoop S, Weckwerth W, Oburger E. Molecular Mechanisms of Tungsten Toxicity Differ for Glycine max Depending on Nitrogen Regime. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:367. [PMID: 31001297 PMCID: PMC6454624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten (W) finds increasing application in military, aviation and household appliance industry, opening new paths into the environment. Since W shares certain chemical properties with the essential plant micronutrient molybdenum (Mo), it is proposed to inhibit enzymatic activity of molybdoenzymes [e.g., nitrate reductase (NR)] by replacing the Mo-ion bound to the co-factor. Recent studies suggest that W, much like other heavy metals, also exerts toxicity on its own. To create a comprehensive picture of tungsten stress, this study investigated the effects of W on growth and metabolism of soybean (Glycine max), depending on plant nitrogen regime [nitrate fed (N fed) vs. symbiotic N2 fixation (N fix)] by combining plant physiological data (biomass production, starch and nutrient content, N2 fixation, nitrate reductase activity) with root and nodule proteome data. Irrespective of N regime, NR activity and total N decreased with increasing W concentrations. Nodulation and therefore also N2 fixation strongly declined at high W concentrations, particularly in N fix plants. However, N2 fixation rate (g N fixed g-1 nodule dwt) remained unaffected by increasing W concentrations. Proteomic analysis revealed a strong decline in leghemoglobin and nitrogenase precursor levels (NifD), as well as an increase in abundance of proteins involved in secondary metabolism in N fix nodules. Taken together this indicates that, in contrast to the reported direct inhibition of NR, N2 fixation appears to be indirectly inhibited by a decrease in nitrogenase synthesis due to W induced changes in nodule oxygen levels of N fix plants. Besides N metabolism, plants exhibited a strong reduction of shoot (both N regimes) and root (N fed only) biomass, an imbalance in nutrient levels and a failure of carbon metabolic pathways accompanied by an accumulation of starch at high tungsten concentrations, independent of N-regime. Proteomic data (available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010877) demonstrated that the response to high W concentrations was independent of nodule functionality and dominated by several peroxidases and other general stress related proteins. Based on an evaluation of several W responsive proteotypic peptides, we identified a set of protein markers of W stress and possible targets for improved stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Preiner
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Oburger
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zavišić A, Yang N, Marhan S, Kandeler E, Polle A. Forest Soil Phosphorus Resources and Fertilization Affect Ectomycorrhizal Community Composition, Beech P Uptake Efficiency, and Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:463. [PMID: 29706979 PMCID: PMC5908982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient, whose plant-available form phosphate is often low in natural forest ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi mine the soil for P and supply their host with this resource. It is unknown how ectomycorrhizal communities respond to changes in P availability. Here, we used young beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees in natural forest soil from a P-rich and P-poor site to investigate the impact of P amendment on soil microbes, mycorrhizas, beech P nutrition, and photosynthesis. We hypothesized that addition of P to forest soil increased P availability, thereby, leading to enhanced microbial biomass and mycorrhizal diversity in P-poor but not in P-rich soil. We expected that P amendment resulted in increased plant P uptake and enhanced photosynthesis in both soil types. Young beech trees with intact soil cores from a P-rich and a P-poor forest were kept in a common garden experiment and supplied once in fall with triple superphosphate. In the following summer, labile P in the organic layer, but not in the mineral top soil, was significantly increased in response to fertilizer treatment. P-rich soil contained higher microbial biomass than P-poor soil. P treatment had no effect on microbial biomass but influenced the mycorrhizal communities in P-poor soil and shifted their composition toward higher similarities to those in P-rich soil. Plant uptake efficiency was negatively correlated with the diversity of mycorrhizal communities and highest for trees in P-poor soil and lowest for fertilized trees. In both soil types, radioactive P tracing (H333PO4) revealed preferential aboveground allocation of new P in fertilized trees, resulting in increased bound P in xylem tissue and enhanced soluble P in bark, indicating increased storage and transport. Fertilized beeches from P-poor soil showed a strong increase in leaf P concentrations from deficient to luxurious conditions along with increased photosynthesis. Based on the divergent behavior of beech in P-poor and P-rich forest soil, we conclude that acclimation of beech to low P stocks involves dedicated mycorrhizal community structures, low P reserves in storage tissues and photosynthetic inhibition, while storage and aboveground allocation of additional P occurs regardless of the P nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljosa Zavišić
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nan Yang
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory for Radio-Isotopes, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Zavišic A, Polle A. Dynamics of phosphorus nutrition, allocation and growth of young beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees in P-rich and P-poor forest soil. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:37-51. [PMID: 29182787 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate how long-lived forest trees cope with low soil phosphorus (P) availabilities, we characterized P nutrition of beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.) in soils from P-rich and P-poor beech forests throughout an annual growth cycle. Young trees were excavated with intact soil cores in mono-specific beech forests, kept under common garden conditions, and used for 33P labeling, analyses of P uptake, P content and biomass during five phenological stages (dormancy in winter, bud swelling in early spring, mature leaves in early and late summer, and senescent leaves in fall). Seasonal allocation patterns showed that young, emerging leaves were preferred sinks for P under P-poor conditions, thereby keeping foliar P concentrations at levels similar to those of trees grown in P-rich soil. Phosphorus concentrations in stems and roots of trees from the P-poor conditions were lower than those from P-rich conditions. Coarse roots were the main P storage tissue, supplying inorganic P to newly formed leaves, originating from the inorganic and organic P pools under low and high P conditions, respectively. Beech trees in P-poor soil exhibited net biomass increment early in the annual growth along with a strong P deficit, which was replenished by enhanced uptake in late summer and fall. Trees in P-rich soil grew until late summer, and showed a moderate P decline in organic pools and recovery late in fall, which coincided with elevated P uptake from soil. Beech in P-poor soil produced more biomass per unit of P but at a slower growth rate than those in P-rich soil, thereby exhibiting similar P-use efficiencies. Temporal decoupling of growth and P acquisition in combination with internal P trade-off between storage tissues and leaves facilitated flexible acclimation of beech to a wide range of soil P availabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoša Zavišic
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory for Radio-Isotopes, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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