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Zlatanova M, Nešić A, Trbojević-Ivić J, Četić D, Gavrović-Jankulović M. Targeting NF-κB Signaling: Selected Small Molecules Downregulate Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Both Food Allergen and LPS-Induced Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5798. [PMID: 38891984 PMCID: PMC11172266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although inflammation is primarily a protective response guarding the human body, it can result in a variety of chronic diseases such as allergies, auto-immune, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In NF-κB-mediated inflammation, many small molecules and food compounds characterized as nutraceuticals have shown positive effects associated with immunomodulatory properties. We investigated the effects of selected bioactive small molecules, commonly found in food components, vanillyl alcohol (VA) and lauric acid (LA), on different cell lines exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the food allergen actinidin (Act d 1). Pro-inflammatory cytokines were downregulated in response to both VA and LA, and this downregulation was caused by a decrease in the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the translocation of p65, the pathway's major component. Small nutraceutical molecules, VA and LA, showed not only inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also inhibition of the NF-κB activation, and reduced translocation of the p65 component. The present study may contribute to the therapeutic use of these molecules for various inflammatory diseases, which have in common an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Zlatanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (A.N.)
| | - Andrijana Nešić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (A.N.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine (ITM), Medical School Hamburg (MSH), 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Danilo Četić
- Department for Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Marija Gavrović-Jankulović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (A.N.)
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2
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Chen W, Han LM, Chen XZ, Yi PC, Li H, Ren YY, Gao JH, Zhang CY, Huang J, Wang WX, Hu ZL, Hu CM. Engineered endolysin of Klebsiella pneumoniae phage is a potent and broad-spectrum bactericidal agent against "ESKAPEE" pathogens. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1397830. [PMID: 38784808 PMCID: PMC11112412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1397830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPEE pathogens poses significant clinical challenges, especially in polymicrobial infections. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins offer promise in combating this crisis, but face practical hurdles. Our study focuses on engineering endolysins from a Klebsiella pneumoniae phage, fusing them with ApoE23 and COG133 peptides. We assessed the resulting chimeric proteins' bactericidal activity against ESKAPEE pathogens in vitro. ApoE23-Kp84B (CHU-1) reduced over 3 log units of CFU for A. baumannii, E. faecalis, K. pneumoniae within 1 h, while COG133-Kp84B (CHU-2) showed significant efficacy against S. aureus. COG133-L1-Kp84B, with a GS linker insertion in CHU-2, exhibited outstanding bactericidal activity against E. cloacae and P. aeruginosa. Scanning electron microscopy revealed alterations in bacterial morphology after treatment with engineered endolysins. Notably, CHU-1 demonstrated promising anti-biofilm and anti-persister cell activity against A. baumannii and E. faecalis but had limited efficacy in a bacteremia mouse model of their coinfection. Our findings advance the field of endolysin engineering, facilitating the customization of these proteins to target specific bacterial pathogens. This approach holds promise for the development of personalized therapies tailored to combat ESKAPEE infections effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Mei Han
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yi
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun-Yao Ren
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Han Gao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-Yun Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
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3
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Hong J, Li T, Chao Y, Xu Y, Zhu Z, Zhou Z, Gu W, Qu Q, Li D. Molecular basis of the inositol deacylase PGAP1 involved in quality control of GPI-AP biogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8. [PMID: 38167496 PMCID: PMC10761859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The secretion and quality control of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) necessitates post-attachment remodeling initiated by the evolutionarily conserved PGAP1, which deacylates the inositol in nascent GPI-APs. Impairment of PGAP1 activity leads to developmental diseases in humans and fatality and infertility in animals. Here, we present three PGAP1 structures (2.66-2.84 Å), revealing its 10-transmembrane architecture and product-enzyme interaction details. PGAP1 holds GPI-AP acyl chains in an optimally organized, guitar-shaped cavity with apparent energetic penalties from hydrophobic-hydrophilic mismatches. However, abundant glycan-mediated interactions in the lumen counterbalance these repulsions, likely conferring substrate fidelity and preventing off-target hydrolysis of bulk membrane lipids. Structural and biochemical analyses uncover a serine hydrolase-type catalysis with atypical features and imply mechanisms for substrate entrance and product release involving a drawing compass movement of GPI-APs. Our findings advance the mechanistic understanding of GPI-AP remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yulin Chao
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yidan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhini Zhu
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weijie Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qianhui Qu
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dianfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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4
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Moerings BG, Abbring S, Tomassen MM, Schols HA, Witkamp RF, van Norren K, Govers C, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Mes JJ. Rice-derived arabinoxylan fibers are particle size-dependent inducers of trained immunity in a human macrophage-intestinal epithelial cell co-culture model. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 8:100666. [PMID: 38179220 PMCID: PMC10765302 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Arabinoxylans have been identified for a wide range of purported health-promoting applications, primarily attributed to its immunomodulatory effects. Previously, we have reported the ability of arabinoxylans to induce non-specific memory in innate immune cells, commonly referred to as "trained innate immunity". In the present study, we investigated the effect of particle size on innate immune training and resilience in primary human macrophages as well as in a more physiologically relevant macrophage-intestinal epithelial cell co-culture model. We demonstrated that smaller (>45 & < 90 μm) compared to larger (>90 μm) particle size fractions of rice bran-derived arabinoxylan preparations have a higher enhancing effect on training and resilience in both models. Smaller particle size fractions elevated TNF-α production in primary macrophages and enhanced Dectin-1 receptor activation in reporter cell lines compared to larger particles. Responses were arabinoxylan source specific as only the rice-derived arabinoxylans showed these immune-supportive effects. This particle size-dependent induction of trained immunity was confirmed in the established co-culture model. These findings demonstrate the influence of particle size on the immunomodulatory potential of arabinoxylans, provide further insight into the structure-activity relationship, and offer new opportunities to optimize the immune-enhancing effects of these dietary fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart G.J. Moerings
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Abbring
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monic M.M. Tomassen
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renger F. Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jurriaan J. Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Araujo AP, Oliveira MLS, Miyaji EN. Negligible role for pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) in the nasopharyngeal colonization of mice with a serotype 6B pneumococcal strain. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106391. [PMID: 37839762 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizes the human nasopharynx asymptomatically, but it can also cause several diseases, including otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. The colonization of the nasopharynx by the bacteria is an essential step for the pneumococcus to invade other sites and cause diseases. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and Pneumococcal surface Protein C (PspC) are important virulence factors and have been described to play roles in adhesion and immune evasion. In this study, we immunized mice subcutaneously with the recombinant α-helical region of PspA and/or PspC combined with different adjuvants to assess protection against colonization with the serotype 6B strain BHN418. Though high serum levels of specific IgG were detected, none of the formulations led to reduction in the colonization of the nasopharynx. The negative result may be due to the poor induction of IgG2c, which has been previously correlated with protection against pneumococcal colonization in mice. Furthermore, BHN418 pspA and pspC single and double knockouts were evaluated in colonization experiments and no differences in bacterial load were observed. In competition assays with the wild-type strain, borderline to no reduction was observed in the loads of the knockouts. Our results contrast with data from the literature using other pneumococcal strains, showing that the role of PspA and PspC in colonization can vary depending on the background of the knockout strain studied. BHN418 has been selected for its capacity to colonize humans in experimental challenge studies and may have redundant factors that compensate for the lack of PspA and PspC during nasopharyngeal colonization of mice.
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6
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Kapingidza AB, Marston DJ, Harris C, Wrapp D, Winters K, Mielke D, Xiaozhi L, Yin Q, Foulger A, Parks R, Barr M, Newman A, Schäfer A, Eaton A, Flores JM, Harner A, Catanzaro NJ, Mallory ML, Mattocks MD, Beverly C, Rhodes B, Mansouri K, Van Itallie E, Vure P, Dunn B, Keyes T, Stanfield-Oakley S, Woods CW, Petzold EA, Walter EB, Wiehe K, Edwards RJ, Montefiori DC, Ferrari G, Baric R, Cain DW, Saunders KO, Haynes BF, Azoitei ML. Engineered immunogens to elicit antibodies against conserved coronavirus epitopes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7897. [PMID: 38036525 PMCID: PMC10689493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 primarily target the receptor binding domain of the spike protein, which continually mutates to escape acquired immunity. Other regions in the spike S2 subunit, such as the stem helix and the segment encompassing residues 815-823 adjacent to the fusion peptide, are highly conserved across sarbecoviruses and are recognized by broadly reactive antibodies, providing hope that vaccines targeting these epitopes could offer protection against both current and emergent viruses. Here we employ computational modeling to design scaffolded immunogens that display the spike 815-823 peptide and the stem helix epitopes without the distracting and immunodominant receptor binding domain. These engineered proteins bind with high affinity and specificity to the mature and germline versions of previously identified broadly protective human antibodies. Epitope scaffolds interact with both sera and isolated monoclonal antibodies with broadly reactivity from individuals with pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 immunity. When used as immunogens, epitope scaffolds elicit sera with broad betacoronavirus reactivity and protect as "boosts" against live virus challenge in mice, illustrating their potential as components of a future pancoronavirus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brenda Kapingidza
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J Marston
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Caitlin Harris
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Winters
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dieter Mielke
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lu Xiaozhi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qi Yin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Foulger
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rob Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Newman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justine Mae Flores
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Austin Harner
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas J Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael L Mallory
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melissa D Mattocks
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher Beverly
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brianna Rhodes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Van Itallie
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pranay Vure
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brooke Dunn
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Taylor Keyes
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Christopher W Woods
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Diagnostic Innovation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Petzold
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Diagnostic Innovation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel B Walter
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mihai L Azoitei
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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7
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Friganović T, Weitner T. Reducing the Inner Filter Effect in Microplates by Increasing Absorbance? Linear Fluorescence in Highly Concentrated Fluorophore Solutions in the Presence of an Added Absorber. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13036-13045. [PMID: 37606558 PMCID: PMC10483458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence attenuation caused by the absorption of the excitation and/or emission light is called the Inner Filter Effect (IFE) and can lead to a nonlinear fluorescence concentration response. In this article, we propose the AddAbs (Added Absorber) method, which counterintuitively corrects IFE by increasing the absorbance of the sample. In this method, an equal amount of a highly absorbing chromophore is added to each sample to compensate for the nonuniform quenching caused by different fluorophore concentrations. The AddAbs method was able to provide a linear fluorescence response (R2 > 0.999) for very concentrated fluorophore solutions with extreme IFE over more than 97% of the concentration range with less than 1% deviation in calibration slope. The true limit for the AddAbs method with respect to fluorophore concentration was apparently not reached and could be higher than measured (Aex,1cm > 33.94). The IFE-corrected data are obtained by a single fluorescence measurement per sample without additional mathematical procedures. The method also does not require absorbance measurements, so it can be performed in non-transparent microplates with similar results. In addition, preliminary measurements indicate that the method is also suitable for measurements in standard cuvettes using a fluorimeter with a 90° angle setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Friganović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tin Weitner
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Kim SM, Park S, Hwang SH, Lee EY, Kim JH, Lee GS, Lee G, Chang DH, Lee JG, Hwang J, Lee Y, Kyung M, Kim EK, Kim JH, Kim TH, Moon JH, Kim BC, Ko G, Kim SY, Ryu JH, Lee JS, Lee CH, Kim JY, Kim S, Lee WJ, Kim MH. Secreted Akkermansia muciniphila threonyl-tRNA synthetase functions to monitor and modulate immune homeostasis. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1021-1037.e10. [PMID: 37269833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Commensal bacteria are critically involved in the establishment of tolerance against inflammatory challenges, the molecular mechanisms of which are just being uncovered. All kingdoms of life produce aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs). Thus far, the non-translational roles of ARSs have largely been reported in eukaryotes. Here, we report that the threonyl-tRNA synthetase (AmTARS) of the gut-associated bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila is secreted and functions to monitor and modulate immune homeostasis. Secreted AmTARS triggers M2 macrophage polarization and orchestrates the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 via its unique, evolutionary-acquired regions, which mediates specific interactions with TLR2. This interaction activates the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, which converge on CREB, leading to an efficient production of IL-10 and suppression of the central inflammatory mediator NF-κB. AmTARS restores IL-10-positive macrophages, increases IL-10 levels in the serum, and attenuates the pathological effects in colitis mice. Thus, commensal tRNA synthetases can act as intrinsic mediators that maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Man Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Shinhye Park
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Hwang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ga Seul Lee
- Core Research Facility & Analysis Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Giljae Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Chang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jae-Geun Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jungwon Hwang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Minsoo Kyung
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics and School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics and School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Moon
- Core Research Facility & Analysis Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Byoung-Chan Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; HealthBiome, Inc., Bioventure Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; KoBioLabs, Inc., Seoul 08826, Korea; Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Ryu
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics and School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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9
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Carneiro GB, Castro JT, Davi M, Miyaji EN, Ladant D, Oliveira MLS. Immune responses and protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae elicited by recombinant Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (CyaA) carrying fragments of pneumococcal surface protein A, PspA. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00570-4. [PMID: 37236818 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common agent of important human diseases such as otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. Current available vaccines that target capsular polysaccharides induce protection against invasive disease and nasopharyngeal colonization in children, yet their efficacy is limited to the serotypes included in the formulations. The virulence factor Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA) interacts with host immune system and helps the bacteria to evade phagocytosis. Due to its essential role in virulence, PspA is an important vaccine candidate. Here we have tested a delivery system based on the adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis (CyaA) to induce immune responses against PspA in mice. CyaA was engineered to express fragments of the N-terminal region of PspAs from clades 2 and 4 (A2 and A4) and the resulting proteins were used in immunization experiments in mice. The recombinant CyaA-A2 and CyaA-A4 proteins were able to induce high levels of anti-PspA antibodies that reacted with pneumococcal strains expressing either PspA2 or PspA4. Moreover, reactivity of the antibodies against pneumococcal strains that express PspAs from clades 3 and 5 (PspA3 and PspA5) was also observed. A formulation containing CyaA-A2 and CyaA-A4 was able to protect mice against invasive pneumococcal challenges with isolates that express PspA2, PspA4 or PspA5. Moreover, a CyaA-A2-A4 fusion protein induced antibodies at similar levels and with similar reactivity as the formulation containing both proteins, and protected mice against the invasive challenge. Our results indicate that CyaA-PspA proteins are good candidates to induce broad protection against pneumococcal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilyne Davi
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Paris, France.
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10
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Yu TG, Cha JS, Kim G, Sohn YK, Yoo Y, Kim U, Song JJ, Cho HS, Kim HS. Oligomeric states of ASC specks regulate inflammatory responses by inflammasome in the extracellular space. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:142. [PMID: 37120628 PMCID: PMC10148886 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes and play a crucial role in host defense against pathogens. Downstream inflammatory responses through inflammasomes are known to be related to the oligomerization degree of ASC specks, but the detailed mechanism still remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that oligomerization degrees of ASC specks regulate the caspase-1 activation in the extracellular space. A protein binder specific for a pyrin domain (PYD) of ASC (ASCPYD) was developed, and structural analysis revealed that the protein binder effectively inhibits the interaction between PYDs, disassembling ASC specks into low oligomeric states. ASC specks with a low oligomerization degree were shown to enhance the activation of caspase-1 by recruiting and processing more premature caspase-1 through interactions between CARD of caspase-1 (caspase-1CARD) and CARD of ASC (ASCCARD). These findings can provide insight into controlling the inflammasome-mediated inflammatory process as well as the development of inflammasome-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Geun Yu
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Cha
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Gijeong Kim
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyoung Sohn
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- R&D Center, Sugentech, Inc., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Youngki Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Uijin Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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11
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Kreitz J, Friedrich MJ, Guru A, Lash B, Saito M, Macrae RK, Zhang F. Programmable protein delivery with a bacterial contractile injection system. Nature 2023; 616:357-364. [PMID: 36991127 PMCID: PMC10097599 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Endosymbiotic bacteria have evolved intricate delivery systems that enable these organisms to interface with host biology. One example, the extracellular contractile injection systems (eCISs), are syringe-like macromolecular complexes that inject protein payloads into eukaryotic cells by driving a spike through the cellular membrane. Recently, eCISs have been found to target mouse cells1-3, raising the possibility that these systems could be harnessed for therapeutic protein delivery. However, whether eCISs can function in human cells remains unknown, and the mechanism by which these systems recognize target cells is poorly understood. Here we show that target selection by the Photorhabdus virulence cassette (PVC)-an eCIS from the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus asymbiotica-is mediated by specific recognition of a target receptor by a distal binding element of the PVC tail fibre. Furthermore, using in silico structure-guided engineering of the tail fibre, we show that PVCs can be reprogrammed to target organisms not natively targeted by these systems-including human cells and mice-with efficiencies approaching 100%. Finally, we show that PVCs can load diverse protein payloads, including Cas9, base editors and toxins, and can functionally deliver them into human cells. Our results demonstrate that PVCs are programmable protein delivery devices with possible applications in gene therapy, cancer therapy and biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kreitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mirco J Friedrich
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akash Guru
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Blake Lash
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Makoto Saito
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rhiannon K Macrae
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Chantree P, Tarasuk M, Prathaphan P, Ruangtong J, Jamklang M, Chumkiew S, Martviset P. Type I Cystatin Derived from Fasciola gigantica Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Inflammatory Responses. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030395. [PMID: 36986318 PMCID: PMC10051455 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an inverse relationship between the high incidence of helminth infection and the low incidence of inflammatory disease. Hence, it may be that helminth molecules have anti-inflammatory effects. Helminth cystatins are being extensively studied for anti-inflammatory potential. Therefore, in this study, the recombinant type I cystatin (stefin-1) of Fasciola gigantica (rFgCyst) was verified to have LPS-activated anti-inflammatory potential, including in human THP-1-derived macrophages and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. The results from the MTT assay suggest that rFgCyst did not alter cell viability; moreover, it exerted anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 at the gene transcription and protein expression levels, as determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Further, the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α determined by ELISA and the NO production level determined by the Griess test were decreased. Furthermore, in Western blot analysis, the anti-inflammatory effects involved the downregulation of pIKKα/β, pIκBα, and pNF-κB in the NF-κB signaling pathway, hence reducing the translocation from the cytosol into the nucleus of pNF-κB, which subsequently turned on the gene of proinflammatory molecules. Therefore, cystatin type 1 of F. gigantica is a potential candidate for inflammatory disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathanin Chantree
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Research Group in Medical Biomolecules, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mayuri Tarasuk
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Parisa Prathaphan
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jittiporn Ruangtong
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mantana Jamklang
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Chumkiew
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Martviset
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Research Group in Medical Biomolecules, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-863590511
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13
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von Richthofen HJ, Hafkamp FMJ, van Haperen A, de Jong EC, Meyaard L. VSTM1-v2 does not drive human Th17 cell differentiation: A replication study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284404. [PMID: 37053248 PMCID: PMC10101491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1) is an immune inhibitory receptor expressed on human myeloid cells. We previously showed that dendritic cell (DC)-driven Th17 cell differentiation of human naive CD4+ T cells requires presence of neutrophils, which is inhibited by SIRL-1 ligation. VSTM1-v2 is a soluble isoform of SIRL-1, which was previously proposed to function as a Th17 polarizing cytokine. Here, we investigated the effect of VSTM1-v2 on DC-driven Th17 cell development. Neutrophils induced DC-driven Th17 cell differentiation, which was not enhanced by VSTM1-v2. Similarly, we found no effect of VSTM1-v2 on cytokine-driven Th17 cell development. Thus, our results do not support a role for VSTM1-v2 in Th17 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J von Richthofen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florianne M J Hafkamp
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van Haperen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Dent M, Mayer KL, Verjan Garcia N, Guo H, Kajiura H, Fujiyama K, Matoba N. Impact of glycoengineering and antidrug antibodies on the anticancer activity of a plant-made lectin-Fc fusion protein. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:2217-2230. [PMID: 35900183 PMCID: PMC9616523 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are an efficient production platform for manufacturing glycoengineered monoclonal antibodies and antibody-like molecules. Avaren-Fc (AvFc) is a lectin-Fc fusion protein or lectibody produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, which selectively recognizes cancer-associated high-mannose glycans. In this study, we report the generation of a glycovariant of AvFc that is devoid of plant glycans, including the core α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose residues. The successful removal of these glycans was confirmed by glycan analysis using HPLC. This variant, AvFcΔXF , has significantly higher affinity for Fc gamma receptors and induces higher levels of luciferase expression in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) reporter assay against B16F10 murine melanoma cells without inducing apoptosis or inhibiting proliferation. In the B16F10 flank tumour mouse model, we found that systemic administration of AvFcΔXF , but not an aglycosylated AvFc variant lacking affinity for Fc receptors, significantly delayed the growth of tumours, suggesting that Fc-mediated effector functions were integral. AvFcΔXF treatment also significantly reduced lung metastasis of B16F10 upon intravenous challenge whereas a sugar-binding-deficient mutant failed to show efficacy. Lastly, we determined the impact of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) on drug activity in vivo by pretreating animals with AvFcΔXF before implanting tumours. Despite a significant ADA response induced by the pretreatment, we found that the activity of AvFcΔXF was unaffected by the presence of these antibodies. These results demonstrate that glycoengineering is a powerful strategy to enhance AvFc's antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dent
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Katarina L. Mayer
- UofL Health – Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Noel Verjan Garcia
- UofL Health – Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Haixun Guo
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Center for Predictive MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for BiotechnologyOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- UofL Health – Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Center for Predictive MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
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15
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Effect of Sulfate, Citrate, and Tartrate Anions on the Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Behavior of Water + Surfactant. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloud point extraction is a versatile method aimed at separating compounds from complex mixtures and arouses great technological interest, particularly among the biochemical industries. However, one must have deep knowledge of the liquid–liquid equilibrium behavior of systems to properly use the method. Thus, we used thermodynamic parameters to evaluate the effect of citrate, sulfate, and tartrate anions on the phase separation of water + Triton X-114® mixtures at 283.2 K, 293.2 K, and 303.2 K. In these systems, increasing the temperature and the anion molar fraction expanded the biphasic region in the following order: C6H5O73-> SO42- > C4H4O62−. Unlike other studies based on the Hofmeister series, the Gibbs free energy of micellization correlated the anion effect on the biphasic region with the spontaneity of the micelle formation. The water molecules structured around these anions were evaluated according to the shell volume of the immobilized water by electrostriction, volume of water around the hydration shell, Gibbs free energy of hydration, and Gibbs free energy of electrostriction (ΔGel12). The citrate anion presented a higher ΔGel12 of −1781.49 kJ mol−1, due to the larger number of electrons around it. In addition, the partition coefficient of the surfactant in the two liquid phases revealed a linear dependence upon the anion mole fractions by following the previous anion sequence and temperature in the phase separation.
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16
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Rafeek RAM, Hamlin AS, Andronicos NM, Lawlor CS, McMillan DJ, Sriprakash KS, Ketheesan N. Characterization of an experimental model to determine streptococcal M protein–induced autoimmune cardiac and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:653-666. [PMID: 35792671 PMCID: PMC9545610 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Group A streptococcal (GAS) infection is associated with a spectrum of autoimmune diseases including acute rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease (ARF/RHD) and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Antibodies against GAS M proteins cross‐react with host tissue proteins in the heart and brain leading to the symptomatology observed in ARF/RHD. As throat carriage of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) has been reported to be relatively high in some ARF/RHD endemic regions compared with GAS, and both SDSE and GAS express coiled‐coil surface protein called M protein, we hypothesized that streptococci other than GAS can also associated with ARF/RHD and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Neurobehavioral assessments and electrocardiography were performed on Lewis rats before and after exposure to recombinant GAS and SDSE M proteins. Histological assessments were performed to confirm inflammatory changes in cardiac and neuronal tissues. ELISA and Western blot analysis were performed to determine the cross‐reactivity of antibodies with host connective, cardiac and neuronal tissue proteins. Lewis rats injected with M proteins either from GAS or SDSE developed significant cardiac functional and neurobehavioral abnormalities in comparison to control rats injected with phosphate‐buffered saline. Antibodies against GAS and SDSE M proteins cross‐reacted with cardiac, connective and neuronal proteins. Serum from rats injected with streptococcal antigens showed higher immunoglobulin G binding to the striatum and cortex of the brain. Cardiac and neurobehavioral abnormalities observed in our experimental model were comparable to the cardinal symptoms observed in patients with ARF/RHD. Here for the first time, we demonstrate in an experimental model that M proteins from different streptococcal species could initiate and drive the autoimmune‐mediated cardiac tissue damage and neurobehavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukshan AM Rafeek
- School of Science & Technology University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
| | - Adam S Hamlin
- School of Science & Technology University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
| | | | - Craig S Lawlor
- School of Science & Technology University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
| | - David J McMillan
- School of Science & Technology University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
- School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Genecology Research Centre University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs QLDAustralia
| | - Kadaba S Sriprakash
- School of Science & Technology University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
- Infection and Inflammation Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLDAustralia
| | - Natkunam Ketheesan
- School of Science & Technology University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
- School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Genecology Research Centre University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs QLDAustralia
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17
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Ko JH, Forsythe NL, Gelb MB, Messina KMM, Lau UY, Bhattacharya A, Olafsen T, Lee JT, Kelly KA, Maynard HD. Safety and Biodistribution Profile of Poly(styrenyl acetal trehalose) and Its Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Conjugate. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3383-3395. [PMID: 35767465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(styrenyl acetal trehalose) (pSAT), composed of trehalose side chains linked to a polystyrene backbone via acetals, stabilizes a variety of proteins and enzymes against fluctuations in temperature. A promising application of pSAT is conjugation of the polymer to therapeutic proteins to reduce renal clearance. To explore this possibility, the safety of the polymer was first studied. Investigation of acute toxicity of pSAT in mice showed that there were no adverse effects of the polymer at a high (10 mg/kg) concentration. The immune response (antipolymer antibody and cytokine production) in mice was also studied. No significant antipolymer IgG was detected for pSAT, and only a transient and low level of IgM was elicited. pSAT was also safe in terms of cytokine response. The polymer was then conjugated to a granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), a therapeutic protein that is approved by the Federal Drug Administration, in order to study the biodistribution of a pSAT conjugate. A site-selective, two-step synthesis approach was developed for efficient conjugate preparation for the biodistribution study resulting in 90% conjugation efficiency. The organ distribution of GCSF-pSAT was measured by positron emission tomography and compared to controls GCSF and GCSF-poly(ethylene glycol), which confirmed that the trehalose polymer conjugate improved the in vivo half-life of the protein by reducing renal clearance. These findings suggest that trehalose styrenyl polymers are promising for use in therapeutic protein-polymer conjugates for reduced renal clearance of the biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil L Forsythe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Madeline B Gelb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kathryn M M Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Uland Y Lau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tove Olafsen
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jason T Lee
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathleen A Kelly
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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18
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Eroglu E, Yen CYT, Tsoi YL, Witman N, Elewa A, Joven Araus A, Wang H, Szattler T, Umeano CH, Sohlmér J, Goedel A, Simon A, Chien KR. Epicardium-derived cells organize through tight junctions to replenish cardiac muscle in salamanders. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:645-658. [PMID: 35550612 PMCID: PMC9106584 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the epicardium, the outermost layer of the heart, to cardiac regeneration has remained controversial due to a lack of suitable analytical tools. By combining genetic marker-independent lineage-tracing strategies with transcriptional profiling and loss-of-function methods, we report here that the epicardium of the highly regenerative salamander species Pleurodeles waltl has an intrinsic capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Following cryoinjury, CLDN6+ epicardium-derived cells appear at the lesion site, organize into honeycomb-like structures connected via focal tight junctions and undergo transcriptional reprogramming that results in concomitant differentiation into de novo cardiomyocytes. Ablation of CLDN6+ differentiation intermediates as well as disruption of their tight junctions impairs cardiac regeneration. Salamanders constitute the evolutionarily closest species to mammals with an extensive ability to regenerate heart muscle and our results highlight the epicardium and tight junctions as key targets in efforts to promote cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Eroglu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christopher Y T Yen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yat-Long Tsoi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Elewa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Joven Araus
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tamara Szattler
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chimezie H Umeano
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper Sohlmér
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Goedel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - András Simon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Kay EJ, Mauri M, Willcocks SJ, Scott TA, Cuccui J, Wren BW. Engineering a suite of E. coli strains for enhanced expression of bacterial polysaccharides and glycoconjugate vaccines. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:66. [PMID: 35449016 PMCID: PMC9026721 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycoengineering, in the biotechnology workhorse bacterium, Escherichia coli, is a rapidly evolving field, particularly for the production of glycoconjugate vaccine candidates (bioconjugation). Efficient production of glycoconjugates requires the coordinated expression within the bacterial cell of three components: a carrier protein, a glycan antigen and a coupling enzyme, in a timely fashion. Thus, the choice of a suitable E. coli host cell is of paramount importance. Microbial chassis engineering has long been used to improve yields of chemicals and biopolymers, but its application to vaccine production is sparse. RESULTS In this study we have engineered a family of 11 E. coli strains by the removal and/or addition of components rationally selected for enhanced expression of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides with the scope of increasing yield of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Importantly, all strains express a detoxified version of endotoxin, a concerning contaminant of therapeutics produced in bacterial cells. The genomic background of each strain was altered using CRISPR in an iterative fashion to generate strains without antibiotic markers or scar sequences. CONCLUSIONS Amongst the 11 modified strains generated in this study, E. coli Falcon, Peregrine and Sparrowhawk all showed increased production of S. pneumoniae serotype 4 capsule. Eagle (a strain without enterobacterial common antigen, containing a GalNAc epimerase and PglB expressed from the chromosome) and Sparrowhawk (a strain without enterobacterial common antigen, O-antigen ligase and chain length determinant, containing a GalNAc epimerase and chain length regulators from Streptococcus pneumoniae) respectively produced an AcrA-SP4 conjugate with 4 × and 14 × more glycan than that produced in the base strain, W3110. Beyond their application to the production of pneumococcal vaccine candidates, the bank of 11 new strains will be an invaluable resource for the glycoengineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Kay
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marta Mauri
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sam J Willcocks
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Timothy A Scott
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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20
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Wu Y, Lu Y, Huang Y, Lin H, Xu M, Ahmed I, Chen G, Chen Y, Li Z. Fish allergens of turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus) parvalbumin triggers food allergy via inducing maturation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells and driving Th2 immune response. Food Funct 2022; 13:4194-4204. [PMID: 35322825 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic food allergy has become a key food safety problem and therefore it is urgent to study the mechanism of aquatic food allergy. Turbot parvalbumin (PV) is a major marine food allergen that could cause allergic reactions but the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain to be defined. In this study, we used flow cytometry and ELISA, a coupled co-culture system of dendritic cells and T cells, and revealed that PV could promote the maturation of dendritic cells, mainly by inducing bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to express MHC II and CD86, and promote the cytokines/chemokines IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-23, and IL-12p70, whereas inhibiting TNF-α expression. Our results suggested that murine BMDCs play a crucial role in the effect of PV on the induction of Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
| | - Youyou Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Yuhao Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
| | - Mengyao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
| | - Guanzhi Chen
- Dermatological department, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
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21
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Evidence for Paracrine Protective Role of Exogenous αA-Crystallin in Retinal Ganglion Cells. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0045-22.2022. [PMID: 35168949 PMCID: PMC8906792 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0045-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and secretion of neurotrophic factors have long been known as a key mechanism of neuroglial interaction in the central nervous system. In addition, several other intrinsic neuroprotective pathways have been described, including those involving small heat shock proteins such as α-crystallins. While initially considered as a purely intracellular mechanism, both αA-crystallins and αB-crystallins have been recently reported to be secreted by glial cells. While an anti-apoptotic effect of such secreted αA-crystallin has been suggested, its regulation and protective potential remain unclear. We recently identified residue threonine 148 (T148) and its phosphorylation as a critical regulator of αA-crystallin intrinsic neuroprotective function. In the current study, we explored how mutation of this residue affected αA-crystallin chaperone function, secretion, and paracrine protective function using primary glial and neuronal cells. After demonstrating the paracrine protective effect of αA-crystallins secreted by primary Müller glial cells (MGCs), we purified and characterized recombinant αA-crystallin proteins mutated on the T148 regulatory residue. Characterization of the biochemical properties of these mutants revealed an increased chaperone activity of the phosphomimetic T148D mutant. Consistent with this observation, we also show that exogeneous supplementation of the phosphomimetic T148D mutant protein protected primary retinal neurons from metabolic stress despite similar cellular uptake. In contrast, the nonphosphorylatable mutant was completely ineffective. Altogether, our study demonstrates the paracrine role of αA-crystallin in the central nervous system as well as the therapeutic potential of functionally enhanced αA-crystallin recombinant proteins to prevent metabolic-stress induced neurodegeneration.
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22
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Berg SIT, Knapp J, Braunstein M, Shirriff C. The small heat shock protein HSPB5 attenuates the severity of lupus nephritis in lupus-prone mice. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:192-202. [PMID: 35137667 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2027921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. The current treatments for LN are accompanied with severe immunotoxicity and have limits of effectiveness. Since our in vitro experiments demonstrated that a small heat shock protein (HSP), alpha-B crystallin (HSPB5; CRYAB), selectively modulates myeloid cells towards anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic phenotypes, the aim of this study was to investigate whether HSPB5 can attenuate the severity of LN. MRL/lpr mice were treated intravenously with HSPB5 at 2.5 or 10 μg/dose twice per week after disease onset, from 11 to 21 weeks of age. Disease progression was monitored by weekly measurements of proteinuria, and sera, spleens, and kidneys were collected for assessment at the terminal time point. Treatment with 10 μg HSPB5 substantially reduced endocapillary proliferation and tubular atrophy, which significantly reduced proteinuria and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Compared to vehicle, 10 μg HSPB5 treatment substantially decreased activation/proliferation of splenocytes, increased IL-10+ macrophages, T and B regulatory cells (Treg, Breg), increased serum IL-10, and lowered expression of IL-6 in kidneys, which correlated with improved kidney function and pathology. This study demonstrated the utility of exogenous human HSPB5 to attenuate severe nephropathy in MRL/lpr mice and provides evidence in favour of a novel therapeutic approach for lupus nephritis.
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23
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Young ID, Nepogodiev SA, Black IM, Le Gall G, Wittmann A, Latousakis D, Visnapuu T, Azadi P, Field RA, Juge N, Kawasaki N. Lipopolysaccharide associated with β-2,6 fructan mediates TLR4-dependent immunomodulatory activity in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118606. [PMID: 34893207 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Levan, a β-2,6 fructofuranose polymer produced by microbial species, has been reported for its immunomodulatory properties via interaction with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) which recognises lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions remain elusive. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory properties of levan using thoroughly-purified and characterised samples from Erwinia herbicola and other sources. E. herbicola levan was purified by gel-permeation chromatography and LPS was removed from the levan following a novel alkali treatment developed in this study. E. herbicola levan was then characterised by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and NMR. We found that levan containing LPS, but not LPS-depleted levan, induced TLR4-mediated cytokine production by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and/or activated TLR4 reporter cells. These data indicated that the immunomodulatory properties of the levan toward TLR4-expressing immune cells were mediated by the LPS. This work also demonstrates the importance of LPS removal when assessing the immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Young
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Sergey A Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ian M Black
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Gwenaelle Le Gall
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Alexandra Wittmann
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | | | - Triinu Visnapuu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Norihito Kawasaki
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
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24
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In Vitro Methodologies to Study the Role of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020363. [PMID: 35057544 PMCID: PMC8777776 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can be present in food or be endogenously produced in biological systems. Their formation has been associated with chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The implication of AGEs in neurodegeneration is related to their ability to bind to AGE-specific receptors and the ability of their precursors to induce the so-called “dicarbonyl stress”, resulting in cross-linking and protein damage. However, the mode of action underlying their role in neurodegeneration remains unclear. While some research has been carried out in observational clinical studies, further in vitro studies may help elucidate these underlying modes of action. This review presents and discusses in vitro methodologies used in research on the potential role of AGEs in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The overview reveals the main concepts linking AGEs to neurodegeneration, the current findings, and the available and advisable in vitro models to study their role. Moreover, the major questions regarding the role of AGEs in neurodegenerative diseases and the challenges and discrepancies in the research field are discussed.
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25
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Ghabdian S, Parande Shirvan S, Maleki M, Borji H. Exacerbation of allergic asthma by somatic antigen of Echinococcus granulosus in allergic airway inflammation in BALB/c mice. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:16. [PMID: 34991711 PMCID: PMC8734303 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ample evidence demonstrating a reverse relationship between helminth infection and immune-mediated diseases. Accordingly, several studies have shown that Echinococcus granulosus infection and hydatid cyst compounds are able to suppress immune responses in allergic airway inflammation. Previous studies have documented the ability of hydatid cysts to suppress aberrant Th2 immune response in a mouse model of allergic asthma. However, there is a paucity of research on the effects of protoscoleces on allergic asthma. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of somatic antigens of protoscoleces in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)/aluminum hydroxide (alum) was injected intraperitoneally to sensitize BALB/c mice over a period of 0 to 7 days, followed by challenge with 1% OVA. The treatment group received somatic antigens of protoscoleces emulsified with PBS on these days in each sensitization before being challenged with 1% OVA on days 14, 15, and 16. The effects of somatic antigens of protoscoleces on allergic airway inflammation were evaluated by examining histopathological changes, the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage, cytokine production in the homogenized lung tissue (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ), and total antioxidant capacity in serum. RESULTS Overall, administration of somatic antigens of protoscoleces exacerbated allergic airway inflammation via increased Th2 cytokine levels in the lung homogenate, recruitment of eosinophils into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and pathological changes. In addition, total antioxidant capacity and IFN-γ levels declined following the administration of somatic antigens. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that the co-administration of somatic products of protoscoleces with OVA/alum contributed to the exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation in BALB/c mice. Currently, the main cause of allergic-type inflammation exacerbation is unknown, and further research is needed to understand the mechanism of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghabdian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Parande Shirvan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Maleki
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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ANZUM R, ALAWAMLEH HSK, BOKOV DO, JALIL AT, HOI HT, ABDELBASSET WK, THOI NT, WIDJAJA G, KUROCHKIN A. A review on separation and detection of copper, cadmium, and chromium in food based on cloud point extraction technology. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.80721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabeya ANZUM
- International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - Dmitry Olegovich BOKOV
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation; Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Federation
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27
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Chen X, Teoh WP, Stock MR, Resko ZJ, Alonzo F. Branched chain fatty acid synthesis drives tissue-specific innate immune response and infection dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009930. [PMID: 34496007 PMCID: PMC8452012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-derived acyl chains of phospholipids and lipoproteins are central to bacterial membrane fluidity and lipoprotein function. Though it can incorporate exogenous unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), Staphylococcus aureus synthesizes branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), not UFA, to modulate or increase membrane fluidity. However, both endogenous BCFA and exogenous UFA can be attached to bacterial lipoproteins. Furthermore, S. aureus membrane lipid content varies based upon the amount of exogenous lipid in the environment. Thus far, the relevance of acyl chain diversity within the S. aureus cell envelope is limited to the observation that attachment of UFA to lipoproteins enhances cytokine secretion by cell lines in a TLR2-dependent manner. Here, we leveraged a BCFA auxotroph of S. aureus and determined that driving UFA incorporation disrupted infection dynamics and increased cytokine production in the liver during systemic infection of mice. In contrast, infection of TLR2-deficient mice restored inflammatory cytokines and bacterial burden to wildtype levels, linking the shift in acyl chain composition toward UFA to detrimental immune activation in vivo. In in vitro studies, bacterial lipoproteins isolated from UFA-supplemented cultures were resistant to lipase-mediated ester hydrolysis and exhibited heightened TLR2-dependent innate cell activation, whereas lipoproteins with BCFA esters were completely inactivated after lipase treatment. These results suggest that de novo synthesis of BCFA reduces lipoprotein-mediated TLR2 activation and improves lipase-mediated hydrolysis making it an important determinant of innate immunity. Overall, this study highlights the potential relevance of cell envelope acyl chain repertoire in infection dynamics of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago–Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wei Ping Teoh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago–Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Madison R. Stock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago–Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zachary J. Resko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago–Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Francis Alonzo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago–Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
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28
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Functional perspective of black fungi (Auricularia auricula): Major bioactive components, health benefits and potential mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Tsai TY, Huang MT, Sung PS, Peng CY, Tao MH, Yang HI, Chang WC, Yang AS, Yu CM, Lin YP, Bau CY, Huang CJ, Pan MH, Wu CY, Hsiao CD, Yeh YH, Duan S, Paulson JC, Hsieh SL. SIGLEC-3 (CD33) serves as an immune checkpoint receptor for HBV infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e141965. [PMID: 34060491 DOI: 10.1172/jci141965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is rarely eradicated by current antiviral nucleos(t)ide analogues. We found that α2,6-biantennary sialoglycans of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) bound human SIGLEC-3 (CD33) by IP and ELISA, and the binding affinity between SIGLEC-3 and α2,6-biantennary sialoglycans was determined by biolayer interferometry (equilibrium dissociation constant [KD]: 1.95 × 10-10 ± 0.21 × 10-10 M). Moreover, HBV activated SIGLEC-3 on myeloid cells and induced immunosuppression by stimulating immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif phosphorylation and SHP-1/-2 recruitment via α2,6-biantennary sialoglycans on HBsAg. An antagonistic anti-SIGLEC-3 mAb reversed this effect and enhanced cytokine production in response to TLR-7 agonist GS-9620 in PBMCs from CHB patients. Moreover, anti-SIGLEC-3 mAb alone was able to upregulate the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation, such as CD80, CD86, CD40, MHC-I, MHC-II, and PD-L1 in CD14+ cells. Furthermore, SIGLEC-3 SNP rs12459419 C, which expressed a higher amount of SIGLEC-3, was associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in CHB patients (HR: 1.256, 95% CI: 1.027-1.535, P = 0.0266). Thus, blockade of SIGLEC-3 is a promising strategy to reactivate host immunity to HBV and lower the incidence of HCC in the CHB patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yu Tsai
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Shan Sung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Suei Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Bau
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hung Pan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Hung Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiteng Duan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Samaras JJ, Mauri M, Kay EJ, Wren BW, Micheletti M. Development of an automated platform for the optimal production of glycoconjugate vaccines expressed in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:104. [PMID: 34030723 PMCID: PMC8142613 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Glycan Coupling Technology (PGCT) uses purposely modified bacterial cells to produce recombinant glycoconjugate vaccines. This vaccine platform holds great potential in this context, namely due to its modular nature, the simplified production process in comparison to traditional chemical conjugation methods, and its amenability to scaled-up operations. As a result, a considerable reduction in production time and cost is expected, making PGCT-made vaccines a suitable vaccine technology for low-middle income countries, where vaccine coverage remains predominantly low and inconsistent. This work aims to develop an integrated whole-process automated platform for the screening of PGCT-made glycoconjugate vaccine candidates. The successful translation of a bench scale process for glycoconjugate production to a microscale automated setting was achieved. This was integrated with a numerical computational software that allowed hands-free operation and a platform adaptable to biological variation over the course of a production process. Platform robustness was proven with both technical and biological replicates and subsequently the platform was used to screen for the most favourable conditions for production of a pneumococcal serotype 4 vaccine candidate. This work establishes an effective automated platform that enabled the identification of the most suitable E. coli strain and genetic constructs to be used in ongoing early phase research and be further brought into preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin J. Samaras
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Marta Mauri
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Emily J. Kay
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Brendan W. Wren
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Martina Micheletti
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
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The Immunomodulatory Properties of β-2,6 Fructans: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041309. [PMID: 33921025 PMCID: PMC8071392 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides such as β-2,1-linked fructans including inulin or fructose oligosaccharides are well-known prebiotics with recognised immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, other fructan types covering β-2,6-linked fructans, particularly microbial levans, have gained increasing interest in the field. β-2,6-linked fructans of different degrees of polymerisation can be synthesised by plants or microbes including those that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for these β-2,6 fructans in modulating immune function. Here, we provide an overview of the sources and structures of β-2,6 fructans from plants and microbes and describe their ability to modulate immune function in vitro and in vivo along with the suggested mechanisms underpinning their immunomodulatory properties. Further, we discuss the limitations and perspectives pertinent to current studies and the potential applications of β-2,6 fructans including in gut health.
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32
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Teodorowicz M, Zenker HE, Ewaz A, Tsallis T, Mauser A, Gensberger‐Reigl S, de Jong NW, Hettinga KA, Wichers HJ, van Neerven RJJ, Savelkoul HFJ. Enhanced Uptake of Processed Bovine β-Lactoglobulin by Antigen Presenting Cells: Identification of Receptors and Implications for Allergenicity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000834. [PMID: 33559978 PMCID: PMC8244112 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a major cow milk allergen encountered by the immune system of infants fed with milk-based formulas. To determine the effect of processing on immunogenicity of BLG, this article characterized how heated and glycated BLG are recognized and internalized by APCs. Also, the effect of heat-induced structural changes as well as gastrointestinal digestion on immunogenicity of BLG is evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS The binding and uptake of BLG from raw cow milk and heated either alone (BLG-H) or with lactose/glucose (BLG-Lac and BLG-Glu) to the receptors present on APCs are analyzed by ELISA and cell-binding assays. Heated and glycated BLG is internalized via galectin-3 (Gal-3)and scavenger receptors (CD36 and SR-AI) while binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (R AGE) does not cause internalization. Receptor affinity of BLG is dependent on increased hydrophobicity, β-sheet exposure and aggregation. Digested glycated BLG maintained binding to sRAGE and Gal-3 but not to CD36 and SR-AI, and is detected on the surface of APCs. This suggests a mechanism via which digested glycated BLG may trigger innate (via RAGE) and adaptive immunity (via Gal-3). CONCLUSIONS This study defines structural characteristics of heated and glycated BLG determining its interaction with APCs via specific receptors thus revealing enhanced immunogenicity of glycated versus heated BLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Teodorowicz
- Cell Biology & ImmunologyWageningen University & Research CentreWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Hannah E. Zenker
- Food Quality & Design GroupWageningen University & Research CentreWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Arifa Ewaz
- Cell Biology & ImmunologyWageningen University & Research CentreWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Theodoros Tsallis
- Cell Biology & ImmunologyWageningen University & Research CentreWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Andreas Mauser
- Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenGermany
| | - Sabrina Gensberger‐Reigl
- Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenGermany
| | - Nicolette W. de Jong
- Internal Medicine, Allergology & Clinical ImmunologyErasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kasper A. Hettinga
- Food Quality & Design GroupWageningen University & Research CentreWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Harry J. Wichers
- Food & Biobased ResearchWageningen University & Research CentreWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - R. J. Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology & ImmunologyWageningen University & Research CentreWageningenthe Netherlands
- Friesland CampinaAmersfoortthe Netherlands
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology & ImmunologyWageningen University & Research CentreWageningenthe Netherlands
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Site-specific antigen-adjuvant conjugation using cell-free protein synthesis enhances antigen presentation and CD8 + T-cell response. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6267. [PMID: 33737644 PMCID: PMC7973483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-adjuvant conjugation is known to enhance antigen-specific T-cell production in vaccine models, but scalable methods are required to generate site-specific conjugation for clinical translation of this technique. We report the use of the cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) platform as a rapid method to produce large quantities (> 100 mg/L) of a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), with site-specific incorporation of p-azidomethyl-l-phenylalanine (pAMF) at two solvent-exposed sites away from immunodominant epitopes. Using copper-free click chemistry, we conjugated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists to the pAMF sites on the mutant OVA protein. The OVA-CpG conjugates demonstrate enhanced antigen presentation in vitro and increased antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell production in vivo. Moreover, OVA-CpG conjugation reduced the dose of CpG needed to invoke antigen-specific T-cell production tenfold. These results highlight how site-specific conjugation and CFPS technology can be implemented to produce large quantities of covalently-linked antigen-adjuvant conjugates for use in clinical vaccines.
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Silva F, Sitia L, Allevi R, Bonizzi A, Sevieri M, Morasso C, Truffi M, Corsi F, Mazzucchelli S. Combined Method to Remove Endotoxins from Protein Nanocages for Drug Delivery Applications: The Case of Human Ferritin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020229. [PMID: 33562060 PMCID: PMC7915212 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein nanocages represent an emerging candidate among nanoscaled delivery systems. Indeed, they display unique features that proved to be very interesting from the nanotechnological point of view such as uniform structure, stability in biological fluids, suitability for surface modification to insert targeting moieties and loading with different drugs and dyes. However, one of the main concerns regards the production as recombinant proteins in E. coli, which leads to a product with high endotoxin contamination, resulting in nanocage immunogenicity and pyrogenicity. Indeed, a main challenge in the development of protein-based nanoparticles is finding effective procedures to remove endotoxins without affecting protein stability, since every intravenous injectable formulation that should be assessed in preclinical and clinical phase studies should display endotoxins concentration below the admitted limit of 5 EU/kg. Different strategies could be employed to achieve such a result, either by using affinity chromatography or detergents. However, these strategies are not applicable to protein nanocages as such and require implementations. Here we propose a combined protocol to remove bacterial endotoxins from nanocages of human H-ferritin, which is one of the most studied and most promising protein-based drug delivery systems. This protocol couples the affinity purification with the Endotrap HD resin to a treatment with Triton X-114. Exploiting this protocol, we were able to obtain excellent levels of purity maintaining good protein recovery rates, without affecting nanocage interactions with target cells. Indeed, binding assay and confocal microscopy experiments confirm that purified H-ferritin retains its capability to specifically recognize cancer cells. This procedure allowed to obtain injectable formulations, which is preliminary to move to a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Silva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Leopoldo Sitia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Raffaele Allevi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Arianna Bonizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Sevieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Carlo Morasso
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Truffi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (S.M.)
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Korotchenko E, Schießl V, Scheiblhofer S, Schubert M, Dall E, Joubert IA, Strandt H, Neuper T, Sarajlic M, Bauer R, Geppert M, Joedicke D, Wildner S, Schaller S, Winkler S, Gadermaier G, Horejs‐Hoeck J, Weiss R. Laser-facilitated epicutaneous immunotherapy with hypoallergenic beta-glucan neoglycoconjugates suppresses lung inflammation and avoids local side effects in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:210-222. [PMID: 32621318 PMCID: PMC7818228 DOI: 10.1111/all.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Allergen‐specific immunotherapy via the skin targets a tissue rich in antigen‐presenting cells, but can be associated with local and systemic side effects. Allergen‐polysaccharide neoglycogonjugates increase immunization efficacy by targeting and activating dendritic cells via C‐type lectin receptors and reduce side effects. Objective We investigated the immunogenicity, allergenicity, and therapeutic efficacy of laminarin‐ovalbumin neoglycoconjugates (LamOVA). Methods The biological activity of LamOVA was characterized in vitro using bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells. Immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy were analyzed in BALB/c mice. Epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) was performed using fractional infrared laser ablation to generate micropores in the skin, and the effects of LamOVA on blocking IgG, IgE, cellular composition of BAL, lung, and spleen, lung function, and T‐cell polarization were assessed. Results Conjugation of laminarin to ovalbumin reduced its IgE binding capacity fivefold and increased its immunogenicity threefold in terms of IgG generation. EPIT with LamOVA induced significantly higher IgG levels than OVA, matching the levels induced by s.c. injection of OVA/alum (SCIT). EPIT was equally effective as SCIT in terms of blocking IgG induction and suppression of lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, but SCIT was associated with higher levels of therapy‐induced IgE and TH2 cytokines. EPIT with LamOVA induced significantly lower local skin reactions during therapy compared to unconjugated OVA. Conclusion Conjugation of ovalbumin to laminarin increased its immunogenicity while at the same time reducing local side effects. LamOVA EPIT via laser‐generated micropores is safe and equally effective compared to SCIT with alum, without the need for adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viktoria Schießl
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | | | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Elfriede Dall
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | | | - Helen Strandt
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Theresa Neuper
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Muamera Sarajlic
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Renate Bauer
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Mark Geppert
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - David Joedicke
- Research and Development University of Applied Biosciences Upper Austria Hagenberg Austria
| | - Sabrina Wildner
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Susanne Schaller
- Research and Development University of Applied Biosciences Upper Austria Hagenberg Austria
| | - Stephan Winkler
- Research and Development University of Applied Biosciences Upper Austria Hagenberg Austria
| | | | | | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
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Nissen SK, Ferreira SA, Nielsen MC, Schulte C, Shrivastava K, Hennig D, Etzerodt A, Graversen JH, Berg D, Maetzler W, Panhelainen A, Møller HJ, Brockmann K, Romero-Ramos M. Soluble CD163 Changes Indicate Monocyte Association With Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 36:963-976. [PMID: 33332647 PMCID: PMC8247308 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a significant immune component, as demonstrated by changes in immune biomarkers in patients' biofluids. However, which specific cells are responsible for those changes is unclear because most immune biomarkers can be produced by various cell types. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore monocyte involvement in PD. METHODS We investigated the monocyte-specific biomarker sCD163, the soluble form of the receptor CD163, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in two experiments, and compared it with other biomarkers and clinical data. Potential connections between CD163 and alpha-synuclein were studied in vitro. RESULTS CSF-sCD163 increased in late-stage PD and correlated with the PD biomarkers alpha-synuclein, Tau, and phosphorylated Tau, whereas it inversely correlated with the patients' cognitive scores, supporting monocyte involvement in neurodegeneration and cognition in PD. Serum-sCD163 increased only in female patients, suggesting a sex-distinctive monocyte response. CSF-sCD163 also correlated with molecules associated with adaptive and innate immune system activation and with immune cell recruitment to the brain. Serum-sCD163 correlated with proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, suggesting a relation to chronic systemic inflammation. Our in vitro study showed that alpha-synuclein activates macrophages and induces shedding of sCD163, which in turn enhances alpha-synuclein uptake by myeloid cells, potentially participating in its clearance. CONCLUSIONS Our data present sCD163 as a potential cognition-related biomarker in PD and suggest a role for monocytes in both peripheral and brain immune responses. This may be directly related to alpha-synuclein's proinflammatory capacity but could also have consequences for alpha-synuclein processing. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Dorle Hennig
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- DANDRITE and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Daniela Berg
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Panhelainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Hydrophobicity drives receptor-mediated uptake of heat-processed proteins by THP-1 macrophages and dendritic cells, but not cytokine responses. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236212. [PMID: 32797100 PMCID: PMC7428126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an impact of processing on immunogenicity of food proteins has clearly been demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We applied 3 different processing methods: wet heating (60 °C) and low- or high-temperature (50 °C or 130 °C, respectively) dry-heating in absence or presence of reducing sugars, to β-lactoglobulin (BLG), lysozyme and thyroglobulin, which represent dietary proteins with different pI or molecular weight. Uptake of the soluble fraction of the samples was tested in two types of, genetically homogeneous, antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells derived from THP-1 monocytes). This revealed a strong correlation between the uptake of the different protein samples by macrophages and dendritic cells, and confirmed the key role of hydrophobicity, over aggregation, in determining the uptake. Several uptake routes were shown to contribute to the uptake of BLG by macrophages. However, cytokine responses following exposure of macrophages to BLG samples were not related to the levels of uptake. Together, our results demonstrate that heat-treatment-induced increased hydrophobicity is the prime driving factor in uptake, but not in cytokine production, by THP-1 macrophages.
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38
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Kim HM, Tian S, Wang S. An affordable plasmid miniprep suitable for proficient microinjection in Caenorhabditis elegans. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:350. [PMID: 32728517 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of techniques, including CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, have been developed to produce genetically modified cell lines and animal models. In many cases, the success of the genome-editing techniques is dependent on the quality of the introduced DNA. However, the preparation of high-quality plasmids required for small-scale microinjection has not been explored. Here, we compared various types of plasmid preparation methods for their microinjection proficiency and developed an efficient and affordable plasmid mini preparation method suitable for Caenorhabditis elegans microinjection. By combining the advantages of Triton X-114 and column-based mini preparation (hence, we named it TXC), the new TXC method was affordable, efficient, and equivalent to expensive plasmid midiprep method based on microinjection efficiency. Besides, TXC was compatible with general molecular biology grade reactions and worked proficiently for different types of plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Kim
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Sisi Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Shouyue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
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Sato K, Yamamoto H, Nomura T, Kasamatsu J, Miyasaka T, Tanno D, Matsumoto I, Kagesawa T, Miyahara A, Zong T, Oniyama A, Kawamura K, Yokoyama R, Kitai Y, Ishizuka S, Kanno E, Tanno H, Suda H, Morita M, Yamamoto M, Iwakura Y, Ishii K, Kawakami K. Production of IL-17A at Innate Immune Phase Leads to Decreased Th1 Immune Response and Attenuated Host Defense against Infection with Cryptococcus deneoformans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:686-698. [PMID: 32561568 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by many types of innate immune cells and Th17 cells and is involved in the elimination of extracellularly growing microorganisms, yet the role of this cytokine in the host defense against intracellularly growing microorganisms is not well known. Cryptococcus deneoformans is an opportunistic intracellular growth fungal pathogen that frequently causes fatal meningoencephalitis in patients with impaired immune responses. In the current study, we analyzed the role of IL-17A in the host defense against C. deneoformans infection. IL-17A was quickly produced by γδT cells at an innate immune phase in infected lungs. In IL-17A gene-disrupted mice, clearance of this fungal pathogen and the host immune response mediated by Th1 cells were significantly accelerated in infected lungs compared with wild-type mice. Similarly, killing of this fungus and production of inducible NO synthase and TNF-α were significantly enhanced in IL-17A gene-disrupted mice. In addition, elimination of this fungal pathogen, Th1 response, and expression of IL-12Rβ2 and IFN-γ in NK and NKT cells were significantly suppressed by treatment with rIL-17A. The production of IL-12p40 and TNF-α from bone marrow-derived dendritic cells stimulated with C. deneoformans was significantly suppressed by rIL-17A. In addition, rIL-17A attenuated Th1 cell differentiation in splenocytes from transgenic mice highly expressing TCR for mannoprotein 98, a cryptococcal Ag, upon stimulation with recombinant mannoprotein 98. These data suggest that IL-17A may be involved in the negative regulation of the local host defense against C. deneoformans infection through suppression of the Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sato
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nomura
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jun Kasamatsu
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-0905, Japan
| | - Daiki Tanno
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ikumi Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kagesawa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Anna Miyahara
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tong Zong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akiho Oniyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kotone Kawamura
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Rin Yokoyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shigenari Ishizuka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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40
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Efficacy of a Protein Vaccine and a Conjugate Vaccine Against Co-colonization with Vaccine-type and Non-vaccine Type Pneumococci in Mice. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040278. [PMID: 32290340 PMCID: PMC7238145 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has led to substitution of vaccine-type (VT) strains by non-vaccine type (NVT) strains in nasopharyngeal carriage. We compared the efficacy of PCV13 and a nasal protein formulation containing pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) adjuvanted with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wP) in the protection against co-colonization challenge models in mice with VT and NVT strains expressing different PspAs. Immunized mice were challenged with two different mixtures: i. VT4 (PspA3) + NVT33 (PspA1) and ii. VT23F (PspA2) + NVT15B/C (PspA4). Results from the first mixture showed a reduction in loads of VT4 strain in the nasopharynx of mice immunized with PCV13. A statistical difference between the loads of the VT and NVT strains was observed, indicating a competitive advantage for the NVT strain in PCV13-immunized animals. In the second mixture, no reduction was observed for the VT23F strain, probably due to low levels of anti-23F polysaccharide IgG induced by PCV13. Interestingly, a combination of the PspA formulation containing wP with PCV13 led to a reduction in colonization with both strains of the two mixtures tested, similar to the groups immunized nasally with wP or PspA plus wP. These results indicate that a combination of vaccines may be a useful strategy to overcome pneumococcal serotype replacement.
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41
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Wang J, Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang A, Wei Q, Liu D, Zhang G. Large-scale manufacture of VP2 VLP vaccine against porcine parvovirus in Escherichia coli with high-density fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3847-3857. [PMID: 32130468 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) virus-like particles (VLPs) are a potential vaccine candidate for the prevention of parvovirus-induced reproductive failure in pregnant sows. Currently, the Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression system is the most cost-efficient to express recombinant proteins. To overcome the limitations of protein misfolding and to prepare soluble highly bioactive antigen and high yields of protein, we optimized the PPV-VP2 gene, subcloned it into pET24a, pET26b, pET28a, and pET30a, and transformed it into E. coli BL21(DE3)-Tf16 competent cells. The pET28a plasmid was selected for further manipulations because it expressed high levels of the bioactive PPV-VP2 protein. Under optimal high-density fermenting conditions in a 70-L fermenter, the total yield of wet weight E. coli cells was 124.86 g/L, and PPV-VP2 protein was 2.5 g/L. After large-scale purification with Triton X-114 two-phase extraction as well as activated carbon powder adsorption, hemagglutination (HA) titers in the purified PPV-VP2 protein reached 219 and endotoxin was reduced to 2500 EU/mL. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicated that the purified PPV-VP2 protein self-assembled into VLPs. Immunogenicity assays in guinea pigs and pigs indicated that the ISA-201 VG adjuvanted PPV-VP2 VLP vaccine elicited hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) antibody titers comparable with PPV commercial inactivated vaccines, whereas viral loads in the spleen and liver of challenged guinea pigs were significantly reduced. In conclusion, our study provides a method for producing the PPV-VLP vaccine against PPV infection in E. coli and may offer a novel strategy for the soluble expression of other vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Henan Zhongze Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 451162, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Henan Zhongze Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 451162, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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42
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Amelioration of type 1 diabetes by recombinant fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and cystatin derived from Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model. Parasitol Res 2019; 119:203-214. [PMID: 31845020 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with helminth parasites or the administration of their antigens can prevent or attenuate autoimmune diseases. To date, the specific molecules that prime the amelioration are only limited. In this study, recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin (rSjcystatin) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (rSjFBPA) were administered to female NOD mice via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to characterize the immunological response by the recombinant proteins. We have shown that the administration of rSjcystatin or rSjFBPA significantly reduced the diabetes incidence and ameliorated the severity of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Disease attenuation was associated with suppressed interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production in autoreactive T cells and with a switch to the production of Th2 cytokines. Following rSjcystatin or rSjFBPA injection, regulatory T cells (Tregs) were remarkably increased, which was accompanied by increased expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Our study suggests that helminth-derived proteins may be useful in strategies to limit pathology by promoting the Th2 response and upregulating Tregs during the inflammatory tissue-damage process in T1DM.
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43
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Wang C, Beiss V, Steinmetz NF. Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticles and Empty Virus-Like Particles Show Distinct but Overlapping Immunostimulatory Properties. J Virol 2019; 93:e00129-19. [PMID: 31375592 PMCID: PMC6803287 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00129-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a plant virus that has been developed for multiple biomedical and nanotechnology applications, including immunotherapy. Two key platforms are available: virus nanoparticles (VNPs) based on the complete CMPV virion, including the genomic RNA, and virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) based on the empty CPMV (eCPMV) virion. It is unclear whether these platforms differ in terms of immunotherapeutic potential. We therefore compared their physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activities following in situ vaccination of an aggressive ovarian tumor mouse model (ID8-Defb29/Vegf-A). In physicochemical terms, CPMV and eCPMV were very similar, and both significantly increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice and showed promising antitumor efficacy. However, they demonstrated distinct yet overlapping immunostimulatory effects due to the presence of virus RNA in wild-type particles, indicating their suitability for different immunotherapeutic strategies. Specifically, we found that the formulations had similar effects on most secreted cytokines and immune cells, but the RNA-containing CPMV particles were uniquely able to boost populations of potent antigen-presenting cells, such as tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and activated dendritic cells. Our results will facilitate the development of CPMV and eCPMV as immunotherapeutic vaccine platforms with tailored responses.IMPORTANCE The engagement of antiviral effector responses caused by viral infection is essential when using viruses or virus-like particles (VLPs) as an immunotherapeutic agent. Here, we compare the chemophysical and immunostimulatory properties of wild-type cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) (RNA containing) and eCPMV (RNA-free VLPs) produced from two expression systems (agrobacterium-based plant expression system and baculovirus-insect cell expression). CPMV and eCPMV could each be developed as novel adjuvants to overcome immunosuppression and thus promote tumor regression in ovarian cancer (and other tumor types). To our knowledge, this is the first study to define the immunotherapeutic differences between CPMV and eCPMV, which is essential for the further development of biomedical applications for plant viruses and the selection of rational combinations of immunomodulatory reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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44
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Son S, Park J, Seo H, Lee HT, Heo YS, Kim HS. A small-sized protein binder specific for human PD-1 effectively suppresses the tumour growth in tumour mouse model. J Drug Target 2019; 28:419-427. [PMID: 31524014 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1669042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have drawn a consider attention as an effective cancer immunotherapy, and several monoclonal antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint receptors, such as human programmed cell death-1 (hPD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), are clinically used for treatment of various cancers. Here we present the development of a small-sized protein binder which specifically binds to hPD-1. The protein binder, which is composed of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules, was selected against hPD-1 through phage display, and its binding affinity was maturated up to 17 nM by modular evolution approach. The protein binder was shown to be highly specific for hPD-1, effectively inhibiting the interaction between hPD-1 and its ligand, hPD-L1. The protein binder restored T-cell function in vitro, and exhibited a strong anti-tumour activity in tumour mouse model, indicating that it acts as an effective checkpoint blockade. Based on the results, the developed protein binder specific for hPD-1 is likely to find a potential use in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyodeok Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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45
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Araujo LDCT, Rodriguez-Fernández DE, Wibrantz M, Karp SG, Junior GD, Souza EMD, Soccol CR, Thomaz-Soccol V. Recovery of recombinant proteins CFP10 and ESAT6 from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies for tuberculosis diagnosis: a statistical optimization approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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46
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Razdan S, Wang JC, Barua S. PolyBall: A new adsorbent for the efficient removal of endotoxin from biopharmaceuticals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8867. [PMID: 31222053 PMCID: PMC6586805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of endotoxin, also known as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as a side product appears to be a major drawback for the production of certain biomolecules that are essential for research, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. In the biotechnology industry, gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli) are widely used to produce recombinant products such as proteins, plasmid DNAs and vaccines. These products are contaminated with LPS, which may cause side effects when administered to animals or humans. Purification of LPS often suffers from product loss. For this reason, special attention must be paid when purifying proteins aiming a product as free as possible of LPS with high product recovery. Although there are a number of methods for removing LPS, the question about how LPS removal can be carried out in an efficient and economical way is still one of the most intriguing issues and has no satisfactory solution yet. In this work, polymeric poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) (dP = 780 ± 285 nm) were synthesized at a relatively low cost and demonstrated to possess sufficient binding sites for LPS adsorption and removal with ~100% protein recovery. The PCL NPs removed greater than 90% LPS from protein solutions suspended in water using only one milligram (mg) of NPs, which was equivalent to ~1.5 × 106 endotoxin units (EU) per mg of particle. The LPS removal efficacy increased to a higher level (~100%) when phosphate buffered saline (PBS containing 137 mM NaCl) was used as a protein suspending medium in place of water, reflecting positive effects of increasing ionic strength on LPS binding interactions and adsorption. The results further showed that the PCL NPs not only achieved 100% LPS removal but also ~100% protein recovery for a wide concentration range from 20-1000 μg/ml of protein solutions. The NPs were highly effective in different buffers and pHs. To scale up the process further, PCL NPs were incorporated into a supporting cellulose membrane which promoted LPS adsorption further up to ~100% just by running the LPS-containing water through the membrane under gravity. Its adsorption capacity was 2.8 × 106 mg of PCL NPs, approximately 2 -fold higher than that of NPs alone. This is the first demonstration of endotoxin separation with high protein recovery using polymer NPs and the NP-based portable filters, which provide strong adsorptive interactions for LPS removal from protein solutions. Additional features of these NPs and membranes are biocompatible (environment friendly) recyclable after repeated elution and adsorption with no significant changes in LPS removal efficiencies. The results indicate that PCL NPs are an effective LPS adsorbent in powder and membrane forms, which have great potential to be employed in large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Razdan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Jee-Ching Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Sutapa Barua
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.
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47
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Alvestegui A, Olivares-Morales M, Muñoz E, Smith R, Nataro JP, Ruiz-Perez F, Farfan MJ. TLR4 Participates in the Inflammatory Response Induced by the AAF/II Fimbriae From Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli on Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:143. [PMID: 31131263 PMCID: PMC6509964 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) infections are one of the most frequent causes of persistent diarrhea in children, immunocompromised patients and travelers worldwide. The most prominent colonization factors of EAEC are aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF). EAEC prototypical strain 042 harbors the AAF/II fimbriae variant, which mediates adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and participates in the induction of an inflammatory response against this pathogen. However, the mechanism and the cell receptors implicated in eliciting this response have not been fully characterized. Since previous reports have shown that TLR4 recognize fimbriae from different pathogens, we evaluated the role of this receptor in the response elicited against EAEC by intestinal cells. Using a mutual antagonist against TLR2 and TLR4 (OxPAPC), we observed that blocking of these receptors significantly reduces the secretion of the inflammatory marker IL-8 in response to EAEC and AAF/II fimbrial extract in HT-29 cells. Using a TLR4-specific antagonist (TAK-242), we observed that the secretion of this cytokine was significantly reduced in HT-29 cells infected with EAEC or incubated with AAF/II fimbrial extract. We evaluated the participation of AAF/II fimbriae in the TLR4-mediated secretion of 38 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors involved in inflammation. A reduction in the secretion of IL-8, GRO, and IL-4 was observed. Our results suggest that TLR4 participates in the secretion of several inflammation biomarkers in response to AAF/II fimbriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Alvestegui
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Olivares-Morales
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ernesto Muñoz
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rachel Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James P Nataro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Fernando Ruiz-Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mauricio J Farfan
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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48
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Kobayashi-Tsukumo H, Oiji K, Xie D, Sawada Y, Yamashita K, Ogata S, Kojima H, Itagaki H. Eliminating the contribution of lipopolysaccharide to protein allergenicity in the human cell-line activation test (h-CLAT). J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:283-297. [PMID: 30944281 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed a test for detecting naturally occurring protein-induced skin sensitization based on the markers and criteria of the human cell-line activation test (h-CLAT) and showed that the h-CLAT was useful for assessing the allergenic potency of proteins. However, test proteins were contaminated with varying amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which might have contributed to the stimulation of CD86 and CD54 expression. In this study, we developed a method to exclude the effects of LPS in the assessment of skin sensitization by naturally occurring proteins. We tested two inhibitors [the caspase-1 inhibitor acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethylketone (Ac-YVAD-cmk; hereafter referred to as YVAD), which can mitigate the LPS-induced increases in CD54 expression, and polymyxin B (PMB), which suppresses the effect of LPS by binding to its lipid moiety (i.e., the toxic component of LPS)]. After a 24 hr exposure, YVAD and PMB reduced LPS-induced CD86 and CD54 expression. In particular, the effect of PMB was dependent upon pre-incubation time and temperature, with the most potent effect observed following pre-incubation at 37°C for 24 hr. Moreover, only pre-incubation with cell-culture medium (CCM) at 37°C for 24 hr showed an inhibitory effect similar to that of PMB, with this result possibly caused by components of CCM binding to LPS. Similar effects were observed in the presence of ovalbumin (with 1070 EU/mg LPS) and ovomucoid, and lysozyme (with 2.82 and 0.234 EU/mg LPS, respectively) in CCM. These results indicated that PMB and CCM effectively eliminated the effects of LPS during assessment of protein allergenicity, thereby allowing a more accurate evaluation of the potential of proteins to induce skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Kobayashi-Tsukumo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Yokohama National University.,Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Kanami Oiji
- College of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Yokohama National University
| | - Yuka Sawada
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Yokohama National University
| | | | - Shinichi Ogata
- Department of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University
| | - Hajime Kojima
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroshi Itagaki
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Yokohama National University
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49
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Teixeira-Pinto RGR, Molino JVD, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Pessoa A, Valentini SR, Pereira JFB, Lopes AM. Effect of electrolytes as adjuvants in GFP and LPS partitioning on aqueous two-phase systems: 2. Nonionic micellar systems. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Li S, Gong P, Zhang N, Li X, Tai L, Wang X, Yang Z, Yang J, Zhu X, Zhang X, Li J. 14-3-3 Protein of Neospora caninum Modulates Host Cell Innate Immunity Through the Activation of MAPK and NF-κB Pathways. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:37. [PMID: 30740096 PMCID: PMC6355710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite, the etiologic agent of neosporosis, and a major cause of reproductive loss in cattle. There is still a lack of effective prevention and treatment measures. The 14-3-3 protein is a widely expressed acidic protein that spontaneously forms dimers within apicomplexan parasites. This protein has been isolated and sequenced in many parasites; however, there are few reports about the N. caninum 14-3-3 protein. Here, we successfully expressed and purified a recombinant fusion protein of Nc14-3-3 (rNc14-3-3) and prepared a polyclonal antibody. Immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy studies of tachyzoites or N. caninum-infected cells suggested that 14-3-3 was localized in the cytosol and the membrane. Western blotting analysis indicated that rNc14-3-3 could be recognized by N. caninum-infected mouse sera, suggesting that 14-3-3 may be an infection-associated antigen that is involved in the host immune response. We demonstrated that rNc14-3-3 induced cytokine expression by activating the MAPK and AKT signaling pathways, and inhibitors of p38, ERK, JNK, and AKT could significantly decrease the production of IL-6, IL-12p40, and TNF-α. In addition, phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB/p65) was observed in wild-type peritoneal macrophages (PMs) treated with rNc14-3-3, and the protein level of NF-κB/p65 was reduced in the cytoplasm but increased correspondingly in the nucleus after 2 h of treatment. These results were also observed in deficient in TLR2-/- PMs. Taken together, our results indicated that the N. caninum 14-3-3 protein can induce effective immune responses and stimulate cytokine expression by activating the MAPK, AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways but did not dependent TLR2, suggesting that Nc14-3-3 is a novel vaccine candidate against neosporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lixin Tai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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