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Al-Yahya S, Al-Saif M, Al-Ghamdi M, Moghrabi W, Khabar KS, Al-Souhibani N. Post-transcriptional regulation of BIRC5/survivin expression and induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells by tristetraprolin. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-15. [PMID: 38111129 PMCID: PMC10761079 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2286101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer and is a target of various therapeutic interventions. BIRC5 is an inhibitor of apoptosis that is aberrantly expressed in cancer leading to sustained growth of tumours. Post-transcriptional control mechanisms involving RNA-binding proteins and AU-rich elements (AREs) are fundamental to many cellular processes and changes in the expression or function of these proteins can promote an aberrant and pathological phenotype. BIRC5 mRNA has an ARE in its 3' UTR making it a candidate for regulation by the RNA binding proteins tristetraprolin (TTP) and HuR (ELAVL1). In this study, we investigated the binding of TTP and HuR by RNA-immunoprecipitation assays and found that these proteins were associated with BIRC5 mRNA to varying extents. Consequently, BIRC5 expression decreased when TTP was overexpressed and apoptosis was induced. In the absence of TTP, BIRC5 mRNA was stabilized, protein expression increased and the number of apoptotic cells declined. As an ARE-mRNA stabilizing protein, recombinant HuR led to upregulation of BIRC5 expression, whereas HuR silencing was concomitant with downregulation of BIRC5 mRNA and protein and increased cell death. Survival analyses demonstrated that increased TTP and low BIRC5 expression predicted an overall better prognosis compared to dysregulated TTP and high BIRC5. Thus, the results present a novel target of ARE-mediated post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad Al-Yahya
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher Al-Saif
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Ghamdi
- Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Moghrabi
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S.A. Khabar
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Al-Souhibani
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Finan JM, Sutton TL, Dixon DA, Brody JR. Targeting the RNA-Binding Protein HuR in Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3507-3516. [PMID: 37683260 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) is a well-established regulator of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various human diseases, particularly cancer. In cancer, HuR is considered "active" when it shows increased subcellular localization in the cytoplasm, in addition to its normal nuclear localization. Cytoplasmic HuR plays a crucial role in stabilizing and enhancing the translation of prosurvival mRNAs that are involved in stress responses relevant to cancer progression, such as hypoxia, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In general, due to HuR's abundance and function in cancer cells compared with normal cells, it is an appealing target for oncology research. Exploiting the principles underlying HuR's role in tumorigenesis and resistance to stressors, targeting HuR has the potential for synergy with existing and novel oncologic therapies. This review aims to explore HuR's role in homeostasis and cancer pathophysiology, as well as current targeting strategies, which include silencing HuR expression, preventing its translocation and dimerization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and inhibiting mRNA binding. Furthermore, this review will discuss recent studies investigating the potential synergy between HuR inhibition and traditional chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Finan
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Thomas L Sutton
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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3
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Badaoui M, Sobolewski C, Luscher A, Bacchetta M, Köhler T, van Delden C, Foti M, Chanson M. Targeting HuR-Vav3 mRNA interaction prevents Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion to the cystic fibrosis airway epithelium. JCI Insight 2023; 8:161961. [PMID: 36602863 PMCID: PMC9977432 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic bacterial infections leading to progressive bronchiectasis and respiratory failure. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is the predominant opportunistic pathogen infecting the CF airways. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 plays a critical role in Pa adhesion to the CF airways by inducing luminal fibronectin deposition that favors bacteria trapping. Here we report that Vav3 overexpression in CF is caused by upregulation of the mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR. We found that HuR accumulates in the cytoplasm of CF airway epithelial cells and that it binds to and stabilizes Vav3 mRNA. Interestingly, disruption of the HuR-Vav3 mRNA interaction improved the CF epithelial integrity, inhibited the formation of the fibronectin-made bacterial docking platforms, and prevented Pa adhesion to the CF airway epithelium. These findings indicate that targeting HuR represents a promising antiadhesive approach in CF that can prevent initial stages of Pa infection in a context of emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandre Luscher
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Cook ME, Bradstreet TR, Webber AM, Kim J, Santeford A, Harris KM, Murphy MK, Tran J, Abdalla NM, Schwarzkopf EA, Greco SC, Halabi CM, Apte RS, Blackshear PJ, Edelson BT. The ZFP36 family of RNA binding proteins regulates homeostatic and autoreactive T cell responses. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabo0981. [PMID: 36269839 PMCID: PMC9832469 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins are important regulators of T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. The zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36) family genes (Zfp36, Zfp36l1, and Zfp36l2) encode RNA binding proteins that promote the degradation of transcripts containing AU-rich elements. Numerous studies have demonstrated both individual and shared functions of the ZFP36 family in immune cells, but their collective function in T cells remains unclear. Here, we found a redundant and critical role for the ZFP36 proteins in regulating T cell quiescence. T cell-specific deletion of all three ZFP36 family members in mice resulted in early lethality, immune cell activation, and multiorgan pathology characterized by inflammation of the eyes, central nervous system, kidneys, and liver. Mice with T cell-specific deletion of any two Zfp36 genes were protected from this spontaneous syndrome. Triply deficient T cells overproduced proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF, and GM-CSF, due to increased mRNA stability of these transcripts. Unexpectedly, T cell-specific deletion of both Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 rendered mice resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitits due to failed priming of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 double-deficient CD4+ T cells had poor proliferation during in vitro T helper cell polarization. Thus, the ZFP36 family redundantly regulates T cell quiescence at homeostasis, but ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 are specifically required for antigen-specific T cell clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tara R. Bradstreet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ashlee M. Webber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jongshin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
- Current address: Medical Science and Engineering Program, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang, Korea
| | - Andrea Santeford
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin M. Harris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maegan K. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Tran
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nada M. Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Schwarzkopf
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
- Current address: Wugen, Inc.; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suellen C. Greco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carmen M. Halabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajendra S. Apte
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health; Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian T. Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
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5
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Adachi Y, Masuda M, Sakakibara I, Uchida T, Niida Y, Mori Y, Kamei Y, Okumura Y, Ohminami H, Ohnishi K, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Nikawa T, Taketani Y. All-trans retinoic acid changes muscle fiber type via increasing GADD34 dependent on MAPK signal. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/7/e202101345. [PMID: 35318262 PMCID: PMC8960774 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ATRA increases GADD34 expression by decreasing the expression of Six1, which down-regulates the transcriptional activity with TLE3 and increasing mRNA stability through blocking the interaction between TTP and ARE on GADD34 mRNA, resulting in muscle fiber type change. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increases the sensitivity to unfolded protein response in differentiating leukemic blasts. The downstream transcriptional factor of PERK, a major arm of unfolded protein response, regulates muscle differentiation. However, the role of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34), one of the downstream factors of PERK, and the effects of ATRA on GADD34 expression in muscle remain unclear. In this study, we identified ATRA increased the GADD34 expression independent of the PERK signal in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice. ATRA up-regulated GADD34 expression through the transcriptional activation of GADD34 gene via inhibiting the interaction of homeobox Six1 and transcription co-repressor TLE3 with the MEF3-binding site on the GADD34 gene promoter in skeletal muscle. ATRA also inhibited the interaction of TTP, which induces mRNA degradation, with AU-rich element on GADD34 mRNA via p-38 MAPK, resulting in the instability of GADD34 mRNA. Overexpressed GADD34 in C2C12 cells changes the type of myosin heavy chain in myotubes. These results suggest ATRA increases GADD34 expression via transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, which changes muscle fiber type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Adachi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Iori Sakakibara
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchida
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Niida
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Kamei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohminami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kohta Ohnishi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Taketani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wei Z, Dong H, Yang D, Deng Y, Li J, Shi S, Sun Y, Lu H, Yuan J, Ni B, Wu Y, Tian Y, Han C. TTP-mediated regulation of mRNA stability in immune cells contributes to adaptive immunity, immune tolerance and clinical applications. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2150-2156. [PMID: 33866923 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1917185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) form a sentinel network to induce protective immunity against pathogens or self-tolerance. mRNA stability is an important part of the post-transcriptional regulation (PTR) that controls the maturation and function of DCs. In this review, we summarize the effects of TTP-mediated regulation of mRNA stability in DCs, focusing on DC maturation and antigen presentation, T cell activation and differentiation, immune tolerance and inflammation. We also discuss the potential DC-based immune treatment for HIV+ patients through regulation of mRNA stability. This review proposes the regulation of mRNA stability as a novel immune therapy for various inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis and dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Deng
- School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Saiyu Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Huimin Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jizhao Yuan
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China.,School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chao Han
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
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7
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Tomecki R, Drazkowska K. An integrative approach uncovers transcriptome-wide determinants of mRNA stability regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS J 2021; 288:3418-3423. [PMID: 33590687 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
mRNA degradation rate is one of the key stages of gene expression regulation in eukaryotic cells. To date, intertwined processes of post-transcriptional control have been widely investigated, but focused rather on the examination of mechanisms controlling stability of particular protein-coding transcripts. Currently, a wealth of information from structural, biochemical, and high-throughput studies makes it tempting to define general rules governing mRNA stability that could be considered as versatile and valid on a genome-wide scale. Basu et al. analyzed multiple experimental and computational data on Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNA half-lives as well as on secondary structures and protein-binding sites within transcripts, and collated it with available structures of ribonucleases, that is, enzymes responsible for mRNA degradation. This approach allowed to conclude how particular mRNA features such as lengths of unstructured terminal or internal regions or sequestration into ribonucleoprotein complexes impact half-lives of protein-coding transcripts and to define genome-scale principles of mRNA stability control in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Tomecki
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Simion V, Zhou H, Haemmig S, Pierce JB, Mendes S, Tesmenitsky Y, Pérez-Cremades D, Lee JF, Chen AF, Ronda N, Papotti B, Marto JA, Feinberg MW. A macrophage-specific lncRNA regulates apoptosis and atherosclerosis by tethering HuR in the nucleus. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6135. [PMID: 33262333 PMCID: PMC7708640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging regulators of pathophysiological processes including atherosclerosis. Using RNA-seq profiling of the intima of lesions, here we identify a macrophage-specific lncRNA MAARS (Macrophage-Associated Atherosclerosis lncRNA Sequence). Aortic intima expression of MAARS increases by 270-fold with atherosclerotic progression and decreases with regression by 60%. MAARS knockdown reduces atherosclerotic lesion formation by 52% in LDLR-/- mice, largely independent of effects on lipid profile and inflammation, but rather by decreasing macrophage apoptosis and increasing efferocytosis in the vessel wall. MAARS interacts with HuR/ELAVL1, an RNA-binding protein and important regulator of apoptosis. Overexpression and knockdown studies verified MAARS as a critical regulator of macrophage apoptosis and efferocytosis in vitro, in an HuR-dependent manner. Mechanistically, MAARS knockdown alters HuR cytosolic shuttling, regulating HuR targets such as p53, p27, Caspase-9, and BCL2. These findings establish a mechanism by which a macrophage-specific lncRNA interacting with HuR regulates apoptosis, with implications for a broad range of vascular disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Simion
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haoyang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob B Pierce
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shanelle Mendes
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yevgenia Tesmenitsky
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Pérez-Cremades
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James F Lee
- The Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex F Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Bianca Papotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- The Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Schultz CW, Preet R, Dhir T, Dixon DA, Brody JR. Understanding and targeting the disease-related RNA binding protein human antigen R (HuR). WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 11:e1581. [PMID: 31970930 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered gene expression is a characteristic feature of many disease states such as tumorigenesis, and in most cancers, it facilitates cancer cell survival and adaptation. Alterations in global gene expression are strongly impacted by post-transcriptional gene regulation. The RNA binding protein (RBP) HuR (ELAVL1) is an established regulator of post-transcriptional gene regulation and is overexpressed in most human cancers. In many cancerous settings, HuR is not only overexpressed, but it is "overactive" as denoted by increased subcellular localization within the cytoplasm. This dysregulation of HuR expression and cytoplasmic localization allows HuR to stabilize and increase the translation of various prosurvival messenger RNA (mRNAs) involved in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers and various diseases. Based on almost 20 years of work, HuR is now recognized as a therapeutic target. Herein, we will review the role HuR plays in the pathophysiology of different diseases and ongoing therapeutic strategies to target HuR. We will focus on three ongoing-targeted strategies: (1) inhibiting HuR's translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; (2) inhibiting the ability of HuR to bind target RNA; and (3) silencing HuR expression levels. In an oncologic setting, HuR has been demonstrated to be critical for a cancer cell's ability to survive a variety of cancer relevant stressors (including drugs and elements of the tumor microenvironment) and targeting this protein has been shown to sensitize cancer cells further to insult. We strongly believe that targeting HuR could be a powerful therapeutic target to treat different diseases, particularly cancer, in the near future. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease NRA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability Translation > Translation Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Schultz
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ranjan Preet
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Teena Dhir
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Pisapia L, Hamilton RS, Farina F, D’Agostino V, Barba P, Strazzullo M, Provenzani A, Gianfrani C, Del Pozzo G. Tristetraprolin/ZFP36 Regulates the Turnover of Autoimmune-Associated HLA-DQ mRNAs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121570. [PMID: 31817224 PMCID: PMC6953012 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA class II genes encode highly polymorphic heterodimeric proteins functioning to present antigens to T cells and stimulate a specific immune response. Many HLA genes are strongly associated with autoimmune diseases as they stimulate self-antigen specific CD4+ T cells driving pathogenic responses against host tissues or organs. High expression of HLA class II risk genes is associated with autoimmune diseases, influencing the strength of the CD4+ T-mediated autoimmune response. The expression of HLA class II genes is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Protein components of the RNP complex binding the 3'UTR and affecting mRNA processing have previously been identified. Following on from this, the regulation of HLA-DQ2.5 risk genes, the main susceptibility genetic factor for celiac disease (CD), was investigated. The DQ2.5 molecule, encoded by HLA-DQA1*05 and HLA-DQB1*02 alleles, presents the antigenic gluten peptides to CD4+ T lymphocytes, activating the autoimmune response. The zinc-finger protein Tristetraprolin (TTP) or ZFP36 was identified to be a component of the RNP complex and has been described as a factor modulating mRNA stability. The 3'UTR of CD-associated HLA-DQA1*05 and HLA-DQB1*02 mRNAs do not contain canonical TTP binding consensus sequences, therefore an in silico approach focusing on mRNA secondary structure accessibility and stability was undertaken. Key structural differences specific to the CD-associated mRNAs were uncovered, allowing them to strongly interact with TTP through their 3'UTR, conferring a rapid turnover, in contrast to lower affinity binding to HLA non-CD associated mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pisapia
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso” CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.F.); (P.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Russell S. Hamilton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK;
| | - Federica Farina
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso” CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.F.); (P.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Vito D’Agostino
- Centre for Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Pasquale Barba
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso” CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.F.); (P.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Strazzullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso” CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.F.); (P.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Centre for Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Del Pozzo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso” CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.F.); (P.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Bhandare S, Goldberg DS, Dowell R. Correction: Discriminating between HuR and TTP binding sites using the k-spectrum kernel method. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175988. [PMID: 28403197 PMCID: PMC5389849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174052.].
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