1
|
Wang JA, Wang HF, Cao B, Lei X, Long C. Cultural Dimensions Moderate the Association between Loneliness and Mental Health during Adolescence and Younger Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1774-1819. [PMID: 38662185 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cultural factors, such as country or continent, influence the relationship between loneliness and mental health. However, less is known about how cultural dimensions moderate this relationship during adolescence and younger adulthood, even if these dimensions manifest as country or continent differences. This study aims to examine the potential influence of Hofstede's cultural dimensions on this relationship using a three-level meta-analysis approach. A total of 292 studies with 291,946 participants aged 10 to 24 were included in this study. The results indicate that cultural dimensions, such as individualism vs. collectivism, indulgence vs. restraint, power distance, and long-term vs. short-term orientation, moderated the associations between loneliness and social anxiety, stress, Internet overuse, and negative affect. The association between loneliness and mental health was not moderated by cultural dimensions, such as masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. These findings suggest that culture's influence on the association between loneliness and mental health is based on a domain-specific mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ai Wang
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hai-Fan Wang
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xu Lei
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changquan Long
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fink BN. How Communities Can Help Their Schools from Becoming the Next Active Shooting Site: The Menu Approach. J Community Health 2023; 48:1052-1055. [PMID: 37704901 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Fink
- Department of Population Health, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave, MS# 1027, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scharpf F, Kızıltepe R, Kirika A, Hecker T. A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Correlates of Emotional Violence by Teachers. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2581-2597. [PMID: 35583121 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the deleterious impact of emotional violence on children`s well-being and development. This systematic review focused on a) the prevalence and (b) correlates of emotional violence by teachers. A literature search of quantitative and peer-reviewed studies published in English between 1980 and April 2021 was conducted. Eighty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies represented all geographical regions of the world, were predominantly cross-sectional and of moderate quality. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of their samples, conceptualization, and measurement of emotional violence. Results indicated that emotional violence by teachers is prevalent across cultural settings, although large variations within and between regions are noted. It is related to mental health, behavioral and academic problems of children above and beyond physical violence by teachers and victimization by peers and parents. Boys are at higher risk of experiencing emotional violence by teachers than girls. Family dysfunction, low socioeconomic status (of the family or the community), and violent school environments appear to increase risk as well. The observed patterns of co-occurrence of emotional violence with physical violence by teachers and victimization by peers as well as perpetration of violence against peers and teachers lend support to notions of poly-victimization and cycles of violence in the school settings. Future research should use representative surveys, examine antecedents, and consequences of emotional violence by teachers using longitudinal and experimental designs and evaluate interventions to prevent emotional violence by teachers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Scharpf
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Anette Kirika
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Hecker
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Valdés-Cuervo AA, Yañez-Quijada AI, Parra-Pérez LG, García-Vázquez FI. Community Violence Exposure and Bullying in Mexican Adolescents. The Mediating Role of Moral Emotions. J Genet Psychol 2023; 184:446-460. [PMID: 37498873 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2240397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Community characteristics can explain differences in bullying rates between schools. Underpinned by the social-ecological model, this study examined the relationships among community violence exposure (CVE), moral emotions (guilt and sympathy), and bullying in adolescents. We also explored the moderating role of gender in these relationships. The sample included 915 adolescents (48.6% female and 51.4% male) aged 11-16 (M age = 13.76, SD = 0.82). Students responded to the self-report measures. We used a latent variable structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to examine the relationships between variables. The SEM indicated that CVE was negatively associated with moral emotions (guilt and sympathy) and positively associated with bullying. In addition, CVE had a negative indirect association with bullying through their negative relationship with moral emotions. The structural model is equivalent for both genders, suggesting gender does not moderate these relationships. These findings indicate that CVE are associated with differences in school bullying rates.
Collapse
|
5
|
Morgan PL, Farkas G, Woods AD, Wang Y, Hillemeier MM, Oh Y. Factors Predictive of Being Bullies or Victims of Bullies in US Elementary Schools. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 15:566-582. [PMID: 37408592 PMCID: PMC10322117 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-023-09571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed a population-representative cohort (N=13,611; Mage at kindergarten, first, and second grade = 67.5, 79.5, and 91.5 months, respectively) to identify kindergarten to second grade factors predictive of being bullies or victims during third to fifth grade. We did so by estimating a block recursive structural equation model (SEM) with three sets of predictors. These were: (a) individual and school socio-demographics; (b) family distress and harsh parenting; and (c) individual behavior and achievement. Relations between each of the included variables and the bullying outcomes were simultaneously estimated within the SEM. Thus, each variable served as a control for estimating the effects of the other variables. We used robust standard errors to account for student clustering within schools. Results indicated that externalizing problem behavior strongly predicted being a bully ([ES] = .56, p<.001) and a victim (ES=.29, p<.001). We observed a negative relation between being Hispanic and being a victim (ES = -.10, p<.001) and a positive relation between being Black and being a bully (ES = .11, p<.001). We also observed statistically significant relations between a family's socioeconomic status and being a bully (ES = -.08, p<.001) as well as school poverty and being a victim (ES = .07, p<.001). The results advance the field's limited understanding of risk and protective factors for bullying perpetration or victimization during elementary school and provide additional empirical support for assisting young children already exhibiting externalizing problem behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Morgan
- Department of Education Policy Studies, Penn State, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| | - George Farkas
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| | - Adrienne D. Woods
- Education Division, SRI International, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Education Policy Studies, Penn State, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| | - Marianne M. Hillemeier
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, Penn State, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| | - Yoonkyung Oh
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bukuluki P, Kisaakye P, Wandiembe SP, Bulenzi-Gulere G, Mulindwa B, Bazira D, Letiyo E, Namirembe HNL, Schmidt I, Nabukhonzo Kakande P, Nissling S. Access to information on gender-based violence prevention during COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 57:101846. [PMID: 36776505 PMCID: PMC9897736 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the lockdowns to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda, women and girls, disproportionately, had increased exposure to gender-based violence (GBV). Access to high-quality and empowering information or knowledge to minimise the incidences of GBV for women, girls, men and boys, was, therefore, crucial. The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics of the individuals who were unable to access such information, and if received information, was associated with more awareness in the populace. METHODS The data analysed were from a cross-sectional nationally representative phone survey of individuals aged 18 years and above from all four regions of Uganda. The survey was carried out by Uganda Bureau of Statistics using a purely quantitative approach, and all questions were closed-ended. The sample was stratified by sex, age, and geographical region, and executed in November 2020, six months after COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for data analysis in STATA software. FINDINGS Female respondents with tertiary education (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.85) and male respondents with tertiary education (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.00) were more likely to receive information on GBV prevention. Both female (aOR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.88) and male (aOR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.87) respondents who were working had about a third the odds of being unable to access information about GBV prevention. Female respondents living in urban areas were associated with less odds of being unable to access the information (aOR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.00), while unmarried male respondents had higher odds of being unable to access the information (aOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.89). Respondents who reported being vulnerable to GBV were also more likely to know someone who experienced GBV. This was similar for female respondents (PR = 3.00; 95% CI: 2.26, 3.98) and male respondents (PR = 3.01, 95% CI: 2.3, 3.95) (PR = 5.49; 95% CI = 4.12-7.30). Results also indicated that both male (PR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.43) and female respondents (PR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.37) who did not perceive themselves at risk of GBV were less likely to know a GBV survivor. INTERPRETATION The individuals who were unable to access information had characteristics associated with GBV perpetration or victimization. Monitoring the dissemination and quality of information empowers individuals and communities to develop local solutions to GBV prevention and protection. The design of GBV prevention messages and delivery channels needs to take into consideration the risk factors at the different levels of the socio-ecological model (individual, community, institutional, and society). Interventions aimed at increasing access to information on GBV prevention should consider the different socio-demographic as well as context-specific factors. FUNDING There was no funding source for this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bukuluki
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, School of Social Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda
| | - Peter Kisaakye
- Department of Population Studies, School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University, Uganda
- Corresponding author. Makerere University, P O Box, 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Symon Peter Wandiembe
- Department of Statistical Method and Actuarial Sciences, School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University, Uganda
| | | | | | - Dan Bazira
- Gender Statistics, UN Women, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Evelyn Letiyo
- Ending Violence Against Women, UN Women, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mori N, Arimoto A, Tadaka E. Exploring an Applied Ecological Model of the Effects of Household, School, and Community Environments on Adolescent Mental Health in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16820. [PMID: 36554701 PMCID: PMC9779651 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent mental health is an urgent global public health issue and is affected by household, school, and community environments. However, few studies, and none in Japan, have used applied ecological models to identify environmental factors that affect adolescent mental health. This study aimed to examine an applied ecological model of sequential association between household, school, and community environmental factors and their effects on adolescent mental health in Japan (ECO-AM model). This was a secondary analysis of data from the 2013 Japanese Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions. Participants were 893 adolescents aged 12-14 years and their household heads living in Japan. Data for 728 adolescents were analyzed after excluding participants with missing values (valid response rate: 81.5%). Screening using the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale demonstrated that 33.8% of adolescents had mood and anxiety disorders. Covariance structure analysis yielded a model with strong goodness-of-fit that described associations between mood and anxiety disorder and vitality, and household, school and community environments. The explanatory variables accounted for 36% of mood and anxiety disorder scores. The study emphasizes the importance of the relationship between different environments and suggests that a better understanding of environmental factors would help support adolescent mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Mori
- Public Health and Welfare Bureau, Nagoya 460-0002, Japan
| | - Azusa Arimoto
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tadaka
- Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zinyemba KG, Hlongwana K. Men's conceptualization of gender-based violence directed to women in Alexandra Township, Johannesburg, South Africa. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2235. [PMID: 36451124 PMCID: PMC9713989 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender-based violence (GBV) is a crucial global public health challenge disenfranchising women and girls from enjoying their fundamental human rights, thereby threatening their well-being. While the concept of GBV does not imply that violence is always unidirectional, literature shows that women and girls are the most common victims of this type of violence. One in three women, globally, have suffered physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner or non-partner. Evidence has shown that a number of women who experience GBV varies widely, with 37% being in Eastern Mediterranean, 37.7% in South-East Asia, 29.8% in America, 36.6% in Africa, 44% in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and 53% in South Africa. METHODS Using a semi-structured face-to-face interview with fifteen conveniently sampled adult males, who met the selection criteria, this study explored men's conceptualisation of GBV in Alexandra Township, using qualitative research methods. RESULTS Socio-economic factors and evolving cultural dynamics were perceived to be among the key factors aggravating gender-based violence. Participants viewed poverty and substance abuse as the main causes of violence towards women, a phenomenon tied to the growing frustration emanating from men's inability to provide for their families. Cultural factors related to the patriarchal system and diminishing value of respect between men and women were identified as root causes of GBV. The participants also blamed the government for what they considered to be "too many rights" for women, resulting in men exerting their authority through abuse. Participants also expressed concerns over feminisation of GBV, asserting that men fall prey to GBV too. Partner infidelity and insecurities also contributed to GBV. CONCLUSION The study results provided important insights on how men conceptualize GBV in Alexandra Township, South Africa. These results revealed that socio-economic conditions, alongside some gender stereotypes are pervasive and shape how men view GBV in Alexandra Township. This evidence is necessary for developing interventions aimed at curbing GBV and may also be suggestive of the need to redesign programmes targeting men, so that certain stereotypes can be uprooted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kudakwashe Gracious Zinyemba
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khumbulani Hlongwana
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Cancer & Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Factors Affecting the Prevention of Violence Questionnaire in Female Students: Design and Psychometric Properties. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs-115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: There are scarce Iranian and worldwide research articles on designing the questionnaires of the factors influencing violence prevention. This indicates the need to design a specific questionnaire on factors affecting violence prevention and examine its psychometric properties before using it. Objectives: The present study aimed to design and evaluate psychometric properties (the reliability and validity) of factors affecting violence prevention questionnaire in female students. Methods: The current psychometric research was conducted in Rudsar, Iran during 2017 - 2018. In the first part (designing the questionnaire), data were collected from 50 participants by purposive sampling and using Waltz methodology. In the second part (evaluating psychometric properties of the questionnaire). The validity of the questionnaire was assessed using face, content, and structural validities. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient, and SPSS 20 software was used for data analysis. Results: The initial version of the questionnaire was designed with 212 items. After confirming the validity and reliability, the second version of the questionnaire was extracted with 56 items with an impact score of > 1.5 for all 56 items, the mean CVI = 0.94, and the mean CVR = 0.88. Concerning construct validity, 48 items were extracted with a predictive power of 38.16 based on exploratory factor analysis. The Internal Consistency of Reliability (α = 0.88; ICC = 0.92) was also confirmed. Conclusions: In general, the questionnaire represented acceptable reliability and validity for use in the student population. Therefore, the present questionnaire can predict the risk of violence against female adolescents.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rekienė V, Pakrosnis R. The Importance of Perceived School Climate and Personal Strengths Use for Psychological Functioning among High School Students. PSICHOLOGIJA 2021. [DOI: 10.15388/psichol.2021.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the importance of high school students’ personal strengths use and the perceived school climate on their psychological functioning. The sample of 258 students from a gymnasium filled in measures for adolescent psychological functioning, strengths use and perceived school climate. Contrary to what was expected, the results revealed that personal strengths use did not moderate the relationship between students’ perceived school climate and their psychological functioning. However, both factors – perceived school climate and strengths use – independently of each other, significantly predicted students’ psychological functioning. Therefore, in order to achieve more positive developmental outcomes, it is not enough to create a good climate at school, it is also important to create opportunities for students to use their personal strengths.
Collapse
|
11
|
León-Moreno C, Martínez-Ferrer B, Moreno-Ruiz D, Musitu-Ferrer D. Forgiveness and Loneliness in Peer-Victimized Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:9648-9669. [PMID: 31423940 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519869078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationships between forgiveness, motivations for revenge, avoidance, and benevolence; loneliness, emotional loneliness and positive subjective evaluation of the social network; and peer victimization in schools, relational, overt physical, and overt verbal, based on gender. A battery of instruments was administered to 617 Spanish students (50.7% boys and 49.3% girls), aged between 10 and 16 years (M = 13.04 years, SD = 1.80 years) from primary and secondary education. A multivariate analysis of variance and a multiple block regression for data analysis was used. Study results revealed that the most victimized students showed greater motivation for revenge and avoidance, as well as a greater perception of emotional loneliness and less positive subjective evaluation of their social network. In addition, the findings obtained in the regression analysis (stepwise) indicated that being a boy between 11 and 13 years old and having a high level of emotional loneliness and high avoidance motivation were the most important predictors of peer victimization. Finally, the findings and their possible implications in the design of intervention projects that encourage forgiveness in interpersonal conflicts and integration in social networks as preventive strategies of peer victimization were discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rajan S. School safety and violence: Drawing on a public health approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aps.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Rajan
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies Teachers College Columbia University New York New York USA
- Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reeping PM, Gobaud AN, Branas CC, Rajan S. K-12 School Shootings: Implications for Policy, Prevention, and Child Well-Being. Pediatr Clin North Am 2021; 68:413-426. [PMID: 33678295 PMCID: PMC10111880 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Schools should be considered safe spaces for children; children need to feel secure in order to grow and learn. This article argues that when a school shooting occurs, the harm goes beyond those who are injured or killed, because the presumption of security is shattered, and the mental and emotional health of the students is threatened. There are many interventions for preventing these attacks at the school, state, and federal levels. This article explores evidence behind some of these interventions and describes the delicate balance in implementing interventions without introducing undue stress and anxiety into a child's everyday life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Reeping
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Ariana N Gobaud
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles C Branas
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sonali Rajan
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Columbia University, Teachers College, 525 West 120th Street, 530F Thorndike Hall, Box 114, New York, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Oriol X, Varela J, Miranda R. Gratitude as a Protective Factor for Cyberbullying Victims: Conditional Effects on School and Life Satisfaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052666. [PMID: 33803073 PMCID: PMC7967543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, studies linking the emotion of dispositional gratitude to cyberbullying have attracted attention. However, this is still a seminal research area that requires further scientific studies. Through longitudinal data, this study aims to analyze the mitigating effect of gratitude on cybervictimization and two indicators of adolescent subjective well-being, namely school and life satisfaction. To this end, 221 adolescents attending private schools in Peru (age: mean (M) = 12.09; standard deviation (SD) = 0.89) were selected to respond to a self-administered questionnaire in two waves that were six months apart. Descriptive data show that 27% of cybervictims also suffer other types of traditional bullying. The overlaps between forms of bullying contribute to higher probabilities of experiencing low school and life satisfaction compared to non-victims after six months. The results of the moderation analysis show that experience high gratitude help students to maintain stable levels of life satisfaction regardless of the prevalence of cyberbullying after six months The results are discussed in terms of the relevance of fostering gratitude from early ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Oriol
- Escuela de Educación, Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7550000, Chile;
| | - Jorge Varela
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile;
| | - Rafael Miranda
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Continental, Lima 15046, Peru
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +51-986670543
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Goldner L, Lev-Wiesel R, Binson B. Perceptions of Child Abuse as Manifested in Drawings and Narratives by Children and Adolescents. Front Psychol 2021; 11:562972. [PMID: 33519578 PMCID: PMC7840510 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.562972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Child abuse is an underreported phenomenon despite its high global prevalence. This study investigated how child abuse is perceived by children and adolescents as manifested in their drawings and narratives, based on the well-established notion that drawings serve as a window into children's mental states. A sample of 97 Israeli children and adolescents aged 6-17 were asked to draw and narrate what child abuse meant to them. The drawings and narratives were coded quantitatively. The results indicated that participants did not perceive a distinction between abuse and violence and referred to them interchangeably. Almost half of the participants focused on emotional abuse. The most frequent type of abuse within the family was between parents and children, and the most frequent abuse outside the family was peer victimization. Most of the drawings were figurative and realistic and half of the drawings included words suggestive of the participants' attempts to be heard and fully understood. The vast majority of drawings did not include the figure of the artist, about a third of the drawings employed dissociative techniques (i.e., included positive objects, were unrelated to abuse, used words alone, or did not follow the instructions), and almost half of the narratives were dissociative or characterized by negative resolution, describing feelings such as sadness, humiliation, and loneliness. These findings suggest the emotional pain associated with the abuse or violence and the use of dissociative mechanisms to bypass the pain. The findings are discussed in light of the literature on children's disclosure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limor Goldner
- Sagol Lab for Children at Risk, The Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachel Lev-Wiesel
- Sagol Lab for Children at Risk, The Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bussakorn Binson
- FAA-Emili Sagol Creative Arts Research and Innovation for Well-Being Center, Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hong JS, Yan Y, Gonzalez‐Prendes AA, Espelage DL, Allen‐Meares P. Correlates of school bullying victimization among Black/White biracial adolescents: Are they similar to their monoracial Black and White peers? PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Yueqi Yan
- Biostatistics and Data Support Center, Health Sciences Research Institute University of California at Merced Merced California USA
| | | | - Dorothy L. Espelage
- School of Education University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Paula Allen‐Meares
- College of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moon H, Lee S. Moderating effects of socio‐ecological factors on the relationship between adolescent exposure to media violence and attitudes towards school bullying. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:2921-2932. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Moon
- Department of Nursing Sunchon National University Sunchon Republic of Korea
| | - Seonah Lee
- College of Nursing Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Miller-Graff LE, Scheid CR, Guzmán DB, Grein K. Caregiver and family factors promoting child resilience in at-risk families living in Lima, Peru. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 108:104639. [PMID: 32758713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child victimization is one of the most serious, preventable threats to child health and wellbeing around the world. Contemporary research has demonstrated that polyvictimization, or children's experience of multiple types of victimization, is particularly detrimental. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to evaluate relationships between child victimization and child resilience with a particular focus on caregiver and family promotive factors. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants included N = 385 caregiver-child dyads from a high-risk neighborhood in San Juan de Lurigancho district in Lima, Peru. METHODS Data were collected in the context of a representative survey of houses in the neighborhood; an index child (ages 4-17) was randomly selected for each household and caregivers provided reports on core study constructs. RESULTS Child victimization (β = .35, p < .001) and harsh punishment (β = .17, p < .001) were associated with higher levels of child adjustment problems. Caregiver depression was associated with both higher adjustment problems (β = .22, p < .001) and higher prosocial skills (β = .14, p = .003). Caregiver resilience was associated with lower adjustment problems (β = -.15, p = .01) and higher prosocial skills (β = .14, p = .04). Positive parenting was associated with lower adjustment problems (β = -.15, p < .001) and higher prosocial skills (β = .20, p < .001). Family cohesion (β = .23, p = .001) was positively associated only with children's prosocial skills. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that caregiver resilience and positive parenting are consistent promotive factors for child resilience across indicators, including both adjustment problems and prosocial skills. These promotive factors may therefore be promising potential targets address in the context of interventions aimed at promoting child resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Miller-Graff
- Department of Psychology, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, 390 Corbett Family Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
| | - Caroline R Scheid
- Department of Psychology, 390 Corbett Family Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
| | - Danice Brown Guzmán
- Pulte Institute for Global Development, Ford Program in Human Development and Solidarity, 3150 Jenkins Nanovic Halls, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
| | - Katherine Grein
- Department of Psychology, 390 Corbett Family Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Interpersonal Relationship Aspects as Perceived Risk and Social Support Factors in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents With Depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/jrr.2019.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The goal of this qualitative study was to explore how adolescents with diagnosed depression describe their social relationships with peers, parents and teachers. Several previous findings have revealed the dual role of interpersonal relationships — as a stressor and contributor to different mental disorders, and also as a source of social support for mental health. Previous studies confirmed the value of a qualitative approach in exploring the self-perceived experiences of adolescents. The research group consisted of 28 adolescents, aged 13–17, with a diagnosis of depression. Individual semistructured interviews (Children's Depression Rating Scale Revised; CDRS-R) were applied in this study, which were analysed using thematic analysis. The results have both scientific and practical value, as well as relevance for the development of preventive interventions targeted at well-being and mental health of adolescents.
Collapse
|
20
|
Oriol X, Miranda R, Amutio A. Correlates of Bullying Victimization and Sexual Harassment: Implications for Life Satisfaction in Late Adolescents. J Sch Nurs 2019; 37:202-208. [PMID: 31315504 DOI: 10.1177/1059840519863845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying and sexual harassment are considered widespread public health concerns because they may have negative effects on physical and mental health. However, more studies are necessary that relate these forms of victimization and their overlap with subjective well-being. This study explores the prevalence and association between different forms of bullying victimization, sexual harassment, and life satisfaction using a sample of 47,114 students aged 16-18 years and from 646 Peruvian educational institutions. Face-to-face bullying was the most reported type of victimization, followed by cyberbullying. There was a large degree of overlap between these two forms of bullying as well as between traditional bullying and sexual harassment. This overlap causes a decrease in life satisfaction in late adolescents. Thus, the need of preventing the negative dynamics of violence in order to prevent the overlapping of different violence forms in adolescence is discussed. Finally, implications for school nurses are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Oriol
- Faculty of Education and Social Science, 28087Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Miranda
- Department of Psychology, 187046Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Alberto Amutio
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, 430207Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yun JY, Shim G, Jeong B. Verbal Abuse Related to Self-Esteem Damage and Unjust Blame Harms Mental Health and Social Interaction in College Population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5655. [PMID: 30948757 PMCID: PMC6449380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbal abuse is an emotional abuse intended to inflict intense humiliation-denigration-fear as perceived by exposed person. Network-based approaches have been applied to explore the integrative-segregated patterns of associations among the psychological features and external stimuli for diverse populations; few studies reported for verbal abuse effects in college population. Self-reporting measurements acquired form 5,616 college students were used for network analyses. Escalating cascades of verbal abuse from differential sources (parents, peers, or supervisors; network 1) and directed associations among verbal abuse severity-psychopathology-social interaction (network 2) were estimated using the directed acyclic graphs. Principal connectors of verbal abuse–psychopathology–social interaction were shown using the graph theory metrics calculated from the intra-individual covariance networks (network 3). Directed propagating patterns of verbal abuse phenomena differed by source (network 1). Severe peer-related verbal abuse affected psychomotor changes and influenced irritability (network 2). Verbal abuse of self-esteem damage and unjust blame served as connectors in the verbal abuse-psychopathology-social interaction; influence of smartphone overuse-related distress was stronger in cases with more severe verbal abuse (network 3). Verbal abuse that damages self-esteem and conveys unjust blame harms mental health and social interaction for college population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumsook Shim
- KAIST Clinic Pappalardo Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bumseok Jeong
- KAIST Clinic Pappalardo Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea. .,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea. .,KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miranda R, Oriol X, Amutio A. Risk and protective factors at school: Reducing bullies and promoting positive bystanders' behaviors in adolescence. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:106-115. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Miranda
- Departamento de Psicología; Universidad Continental; Huancayo Peru
| | - Xavier Oriol
- Facultad de Educación; Universidad Andres Bello; Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Alberto Amutio
- Facultad de Relaciones Laborales y Trabajo Social; Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU); Leioa Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chan JY, Harlow AJ, Kinsey R, Gerstein LH, Fung ALC. The examination of authoritarian parenting styles, specific forms of peer-victimization, and reactive aggression in Hong Kong Youth. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034318777781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study utilized a hierarchical regression model to explore the relationship between reactive aggression, forms of peer victimization, and authoritarian parenting styles. Participants included 1,021 Hong Kong youth and their parents ( N = 1,021), drawn from ten primary schools throughout the municipality. Children completed the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire and the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale, while parents completed the Parental Styles Dimensions Questionnaire. Results indicated that authoritarian parenting, parental use of verbal hostility, verbal victimization by peers, social manipulation, and attacks on property by peers, all significantly contributed to the variance in reactive aggression. Conversely, physical attacks by peers, physical coercion by parents, and non-reasoning parenting styles were not found to significantly contribute to the regression model. Additionally, gender was found to predict reactive aggression with boys reporting higher scores than girls. The implications of these findings for future research, as well as the limitations of this study are discussed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Does cortisol moderate the environmental association between peer victimization and depression symptoms? A genetically informed twin study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017. [PMID: 28651103 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many youths who are victimized by peers suffer from depression symptoms. However, not all bullying victims show depression symptoms and individuals' biological sensitivity may play an important moderating role in this regard. In line with this notion, peer victimization has been associated with increased depressive symptoms in youth with higher basal cortisol secretion. It is unclear, however, whether this moderating effect of cortisol really concerns the environmental effect of peer victimization on depression. Indeed, genetic factors can also influence individuals' environmental experiences, including peer victimization, and part of these genetic factors may be those associated with depression. Using a genetically informed design based on 159 monozygotic and 120 dizygotic twin pairs (52% girls) assessed at age 14 years, this study examined whether cortisol secretion moderates the environmental or the genetic association between peer victimization and depression symptoms. Salivary cortisol at awakening was obtained with buccal swabs during four school week days. Peer victimization and depression were assessed via self-reports. Cholesky modeling revealed that peer victimization was associated with depression symptoms via both genetic and environmental pathways. Moreover, the environmental association between peer victimization and depression symptoms steadily increased with increasing levels of morning cortisol. The genetic association between peer victimization and depression symptoms also varied, albeit less, as a function of individuals' cortisol secretion. These findings support the hypothesis that peer victimization increases internalizing psychopathology mainly in youth with heightened biological reactivity to environmental conditions.
Collapse
|