1
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Cope H, Elsborg J, Demharter S, McDonald JT, Wernecke C, Parthasarathy H, Unadkat H, Chatrathi M, Claudio J, Reinsch S, Avci P, Zwart SR, Smith SM, Heer M, Muratani M, Meydan C, Overbey E, Kim J, Chin CR, Park J, Schisler JC, Mason CE, Szewczyk NJ, Willis CRG, Salam A, Beheshti A. Transcriptomics analysis reveals molecular alterations underpinning spaceflight dermatology. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:106. [PMID: 38862781 PMCID: PMC11166967 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spaceflight poses a unique set of challenges to humans and the hostile spaceflight environment can induce a wide range of increased health risks, including dermatological issues. The biology driving the frequency of skin issues in astronauts is currently not well understood. METHODS To address this issue, we used a systems biology approach utilizing NASA's Open Science Data Repository (OSDR) on space flown murine transcriptomic datasets focused on the skin, biochemical profiles of 50 NASA astronauts and human transcriptomic datasets generated from blood and hair samples of JAXA astronauts, as well as blood samples obtained from the NASA Twins Study, and skin and blood samples from the first civilian commercial mission, Inspiration4. RESULTS Key biological changes related to skin health, DNA damage & repair, and mitochondrial dysregulation are identified as potential drivers for skin health risks during spaceflight. Additionally, a machine learning model is utilized to determine gene pairings associated with spaceflight response in the skin. While we identified spaceflight-induced dysregulation, such as alterations in genes associated with skin barrier function and collagen formation, our results also highlight the remarkable ability for organisms to re-adapt back to Earth via post-flight re-tuning of gene expression. CONCLUSION Our findings can guide future research on developing countermeasures for mitigating spaceflight-associated skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Cope
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Jonas Elsborg
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Abzu, Copenhagen, 2150, Denmark
| | | | - J Tyson McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., WA, 20057, USA
| | - Chiara Wernecke
- NASA GeneLab For High Schools Program (GL4HS), Space Biology Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hari Parthasarathy
- NASA GeneLab For High Schools Program (GL4HS), Space Biology Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- College of Engineering and Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hriday Unadkat
- NASA GeneLab For High Schools Program (GL4HS), Space Biology Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Mira Chatrathi
- NASA GeneLab For High Schools Program (GL4HS), Space Biology Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer Claudio
- NASA GeneLab For High Schools Program (GL4HS), Space Biology Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA, USA
| | - Sigrid Reinsch
- NASA GeneLab For High Schools Program (GL4HS), Space Biology Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara R Zwart
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Scott M Smith
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Martina Heer
- IU International University of Applied Sciences, Erfurt and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliah Overbey
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jangkeun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Craig R G Willis
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Amr Salam
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Alibardi L. Immunolabeling for filaggrin and acidic keratins in the granular layer of mammalian epidermis indicates that an acidic-basic interaction is involved in cornification. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102397. [PMID: 38677234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The soft epidermis of mammals derives from the accumulation of keratohyaline granules in the granular layer, before maturing into corneocytes. Main proteins accumulated in the granular layer are pro-filaggrin and filaggrin that determine keratin clumping and later moisturization of the stratum corneum that remains flexible. This soft epidermis allows the high sensitivity of mammalian skin. Presence and thickness of the stratum granulosum varies among different species of mammals and even between different body regions of the same animal, from discontinuous to multilayered. These variations are evident using antibodies for filaggrin, a large protein that share common epitopes among placentals. Here we have utilized filaggrin antibodies (8959 and 466) and an acidic keratin antibody (AK2) for labeling placental, marsupial and monotreme epidermis. AK2 labeling appears mainly to detect K24 keratin, and less likely other acidic keratins. Immunoreactivity for filaggrin is absent in platypus, discontinuous in Echidna and in the tested marsupials. In placentals, it is inconstantly or hardly detected in the thin epidermis of bat, rodents, and lagomorphs with a narrow, mono-stratified and/or discontinuous granular layer. In contrast, where the granular layer is continuous or even stratified, both filaggrin and AK2 antibodies decorate granular cells. The ultrastructural analysis using the AK2 antibody on human epidermis reveals that a weak labeling is associated with keratohyalin granules and filamentous keratins of transitional keratinocytes and corneocytes. This observation suggests that basophilic filaggrin interacts with acidic keratins like K24 and determines keratin condensation into corneocytes of the stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Alibardi
- Comparative Histolab Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Italy.
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3
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Liu H. Effect of Skin Barrier on Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatitis 2024. [PMID: 38738291 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2024.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The skin acts as the body's primary physical and immune barrier, maintaining the skin microbiome and providing a physical, chemical, and immune barrier. A disrupted skin barrier plays a critical role in the onset and advancement of inflammatory skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and contact dermatitis. This narrative review outlines the relationship between AD and skin barrier function in preparation for the search for possible markers for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanye Liu
- From the Beihua University, Jilin, China
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4
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Haqqani AS, Mianoor Z, Star AT, Detcheverry FE, Delaney CE, Stanimirovic DB, Hamel E, Badhwar A. Proteome Profiling of Brain Vessels in a Mouse Model of Cerebrovascular Pathology. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1500. [PMID: 38132326 PMCID: PMC10740654 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular pathology that involves altered protein levels (or signaling) of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) family has been associated with various forms of age-related dementias, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Transgenic mice overexpressing TGFβ1 in the brain (TGF mice) recapitulate VCID-associated cerebrovascular pathology and develop cognitive deficits in old age or when submitted to comorbid cardiovascular risk factors for dementia. We characterized the cerebrovascular proteome of TGF mice using mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics. Cerebral arteries were surgically removed from 6-month-old-TGF and wild-type mice, and proteins were extracted and analyzed by gel-free nanoLC-MS/MS. We identified 3602 proteins in brain vessels, with 20 demonstrating significantly altered levels in TGF mice. For total and/or differentially expressed proteins (p ≤ 0.01, ≥ 2-fold change), using multiple databases, we (a) performed protein characterization, (b) demonstrated the presence of their RNA transcripts in both mouse and human cerebrovascular cells, and (c) demonstrated that several of these proteins were present in human extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in blood. Finally, using human plasma, we demonstrated the presence of several of these proteins in plasma and plasma EVs. Dysregulated proteins point to perturbed brain vessel vasomotricity, remodeling, and inflammation. Given that blood-isolated EVs are novel, attractive, and a minimally invasive biomarker discovery platform for age-related dementias, several proteins identified in this study can potentially serve as VCID markers in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan S. Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Zainab Mianoor
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) Laboratory, 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada; (Z.M.); (F.E.D.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada
| | - Alexandra T. Star
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Flavie E. Detcheverry
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) Laboratory, 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada; (Z.M.); (F.E.D.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada
| | - Christie E. Delaney
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Danica B. Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Edith Hamel
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - AmanPreet Badhwar
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) Laboratory, 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada; (Z.M.); (F.E.D.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
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5
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Gutkind JS, Faraji F, Ramirez S, Clubb L, Sato K, Quiroz PA, Galloway W, Mikulski Z, Hoang T, Medetgul-Ernar K, Marangoni P, Jones K, Officer A, Molinolo A, Kim K, Sakaguchi K, Califano J, Smith Q, Klein O, Tamayo P. YAP-Driven Malignant Reprogramming of Epithelial Stem Cells at Single Cell Resolution. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3426301. [PMID: 37961717 PMCID: PMC10635308 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3426301/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor initiation represents the first step in tumorigenesis during which normal progenitor cells undergo cell fate transition to cancer. Capturing this process as it occurs in vivo, however, remains elusive. Here we employ cell tracing approaches with spatiotemporally controlled oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition to unveil the processes underlying oral epithelial progenitor cell reprogramming into cancer stem cells (CSCs) at single cell resolution. This revealed the rapid emergence of a distinct stem-like cell state, defined by aberrant proliferative, hypoxic, squamous differentiation, and partial epithelial to mesenchymal (pEMT) invasive gene programs. Interestingly, CSCs harbor limited cell autonomous invasive capacity, but instead recruit myeloid cells to remodel the basement membrane and ultimately initiate tumor invasion. CSC transcriptional programs are conserved in human carcinomas and associated with poor patient survival. These findings illuminate the process of cancer initiation at single cell resolution, thus identifying candidate targets for early cancer detection and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- University of California San Diego Health Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Moores Cancer Center
| | | | - Lauren Clubb
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | - Kuniaki Sato
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | | | - William Galloway
- University of California Irvine Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | | | - Thomas Hoang
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | | | - Pauline Marangoni
- Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kyle Jones
- University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Adam Officer
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Quinton Smith
- University of California Irvine Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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6
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Faraji F, Ramirez SI, Clubb LM, Sato K, Quiroz PYA, Galloway WMG, Mikulski Z, Hoang TS, Medetgul-Ernar K, Marangoni P, Jones KB, Officer A, Molinolo AA, Kim K, Sakaguchi K, Califano JA, Smith Q, Klein OD, Tamayo P, Gutkind JS. Direct reprogramming of oral epithelial progenitor cells to cancer stem cells at single cell resolution in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.24.550427. [PMID: 37546810 PMCID: PMC10402053 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor initiation represents the initial step in tumorigenesis during which normal progenitor cells undergo cell fate transition to cancer. Most studies investigating cancer-driving mechanisms in solid tumors rely on analyses of established malignant lesions, and thus cannot directly capture processes underlying the reprogramming of normal progenitor cells into cancer cells. Here, using spatiotemporally controlled oncogene expression in a genetically engineered system we demonstrate that concomitant YAP activation and HPV E6-E7 -mediated inhibition of tumor suppressive pathways is sufficient to rapidly reprogram oral epithelial progenitor cells (OEPCs) into cancer stem cells (CSCs). Single cell analyses of these nascent CSCs revealed hallmark transcriptional programs driving tumor initiation. Importantly, these CSC-enriched expression signatures distinguish normal tissue from malignant head and neck tumors and are associated with poor patient survival. Elucidating mechanisms underlying OEPC to CSC reprogramming may offer new insights to halt the conversion of premalignant cells into invasive carcinoma. HIGHLIGHTS YAP and HPV E6-E7 reprogram oral epithelial progenitor cells into cancer stem cells. Single cell analyses reveal the transcriptional architecture of tumor initiation.CSC transcriptional programs distinguish normal tissue from carcinoma.CSC signatures are associated with poor head and neck cancer survival. Abstract Figure
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7
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Koch M, Kockmann T, Rodriguez E, Wehkamp U, Hiebert P, Ben-Yehuda Greenwald M, Stölzl D, Beer HD, Tschachler E, Weidinger S, Werner S, Auf dem Keller U. Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Reduced NRF2 Activity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:220-231.e7. [PMID: 36108803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is the most common inflammatory skin disease and is characterized by a deficient epidermal barrier and cutaneous inflammation. Genetic studies suggest a key role of keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis, but the alterations in the proteome that occur in the full epidermis have not been defined. Using a pressure-cycling technology and data-independent acquisition approach, we performed quantitative proteomics of epidermis from healthy volunteers and lesional and nonlesional patient skin. Results were validated by targeted proteomics using parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence staining. Proteins that were differentially abundant in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis versus in healthy control reflect the strong inflammation in lesional skin and the defect in keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal stratification that already characterizes nonlesional skin. Most importantly, they reveal impaired activation of the NRF2-antioxidant pathway and reduced abundance of mitochondrial proteins involved in key metabolic pathways in the affected epidermis. Analysis of primary human keratinocytes with small interfering RNA‒mediated NRF2 knockdown revealed that the impaired NRF2 activation and mitochondrial abnormalities are partially interlinked. These results provide insight into the molecular alterations in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis and identify potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koch
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elke Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrike Wehkamp
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Hiebert
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dora Stölzl
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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8
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Gao WZ, Xue HL, Yang JC. Proteomics analysis of the secondary hair follicle cycle in Liaoning cashmere goat. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Datta KK, Patil S, Patel K, Babu N, Raja R, Nanjappa V, Mangalaparthi KK, Dhaka B, Rajagopalan P, Deolankar SC, Kannan R, Kumar P, Prasad TSK, Mathur PP, Kumari A, Manoharan M, Coral K, Murugan S, Sidransky D, Gupta R, Gupta R, Khanna-Gupta A, Chatterjee A, Gowda H. Chronic Exposure to Chewing Tobacco Induces Metabolic Reprogramming and Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties in Esophageal Epithelial Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090949. [PMID: 31438645 PMCID: PMC6770059 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco in its smoke and smokeless form are major risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, molecular alterations associated with smokeless tobacco exposure are poorly understood. In the Indian subcontinent, tobacco is predominantly consumed in chewing form. An understanding of molecular alterations associated with chewing tobacco exposure is vital for identifying molecular markers and potential targets. We developed an in vitro cellular model by exposing non-transformed esophageal epithelial cells to chewing tobacco over an eight-month period. Chronic exposure to chewing tobacco led to increase in cell proliferation, invasive ability and anchorage independent growth, indicating cell transformation. Molecular alterations associated with chewing tobacco exposure were characterized by carrying out exome sequencing and quantitative proteomic profiling of parental cells and chewing tobacco exposed cells. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed increased expression of cancer stem cell markers in tobacco treated cells. In addition, tobacco exposed cells showed the Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) phenotype with decreased expression of enzymes associated with glycolytic pathway and increased expression of a large number of mitochondrial proteins involved in electron transport chain as well as enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Electron micrographs revealed increase in number and size of mitochondria. Based on these observations, we propose that chronic exposure of esophageal epithelial cells to tobacco leads to cancer stem cell-like phenotype. These cells show the characteristic OXPHOS phenotype, which can be potentially targeted as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava K Datta
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Krishna Patel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India
| | - Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Remya Raja
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | | | - Kiran Kumar Mangalaparthi
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India
| | - Bharti Dhaka
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | | | - Sayali Chandrashekhar Deolankar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Kannan
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Premendu P Mathur
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751024, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | | | | | | | | | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Medgenome Labs Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Medgenome Labs Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore 560099, India
| | | | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India.
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India.
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India.
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10
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Mitchell D, Chintala S, Fetcko K, Henriquez M, Tewari BN, Ahmed A, Bentley RT, Dey M. Common Molecular Alterations in Canine Oligodendroglioma and Human Malignant Gliomas and Potential Novel Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2019; 9:780. [PMID: 31475119 PMCID: PMC6702544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous canine (Canis lupus) oligodendroglioma (ODG) holds tremendous potential as an immunocompetent large animal model of human malignant gliomas (MG). However, the feasibility of utilizing this model in pre-clinical studies depends on a thorough understanding of the similarities and differences of the molecular pathways associated with gliomas between the two species. We have previously shown that canine ODG has an immune landscape and expression pattern of commonly described oncogenes similar to that of human MG. In the current study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of canine ODG RNAseq data from 4 dogs with ODG and 2 normal controls to identify highly dysregulated genes in canine tumors. We then evaluated the expression of these genes in human MG using Xena Browser, a publicly available database. STRING-database inquiry was used in order to determine the suggested protein associations of these differentially expressed genes as well as the dysregulated pathways commonly enriched by the protein products of these genes in both canine ODG and human MG. Our results revealed that 3,712 (23%) of the 15,895 differentially expressed genes demonstrated significant up- or downregulation (log2-fold change > 2.0). Of the 3,712 altered genes, ~50% were upregulated (n = 1858) and ~50% were downregulated (n = 1854). Most of these genes were also found to have altered expression in human MG. Protein association and pathway analysis revealed common pathways enriched by members of the up- and downregulated gene categories in both species. In summary, we demonstrate that a similar pattern of gene dysregulation characterizes both human MG and canine ODG and provide additional support for the use of the canine model in order to therapeutically target these common genes. The results of such therapeutic targeting in the canine model can serve to more accurately predict the efficacy of anti-glioma therapies in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sreenivasulu Chintala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kaleigh Fetcko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mario Henriquez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brij N Tewari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Atique Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Ehrlich F, Laggner M, Langbein L, Burger P, Pollreisz A, Tschachler E, Eckhart L. Comparative genomics suggests loss of keratin K24 in three evolutionary lineages of mammals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10924. [PMID: 31358806 PMCID: PMC6662840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins are the main cytoskeletal proteins of epithelial cells and changes in the expression of keratins have contributed to the evolutionary adaptation of epithelia to different environments. Keratin K24 was proposed to be a differentiation marker of epidermal keratinocytes but the significance of K24 expression in the epidermis versus other tissues has remained elusive. Here, we show by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses that K24 is highly expressed in the epithelium of the cornea whereas its expression levels are significantly lower in other stratified epithelia including in the epidermis. To investigate the evolutionary history of K24, we screened the genome sequences of vertebrates for orthologs of the human KRT24 gene. The results of this comparative genomics study suggested that KRT24 originated in a common ancestor of amniotes and that it was lost independently in three clades of mammals, i.e. camels, cetaceans, and a subclade of pinnipeds comprising eared seals and the walrus. Together, the results of this study identify K24 as component of the cytoskeleton in the human corneal epithelium and reveal previously unknown differences of keratin gene content among mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ehrlich
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Laggner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lutz Langbein
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pamela Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Pollreisz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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The expression pattern of keratin 24 in tissue-engineered dermo-epidermal human skin substitutes in an in vivo model. Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:237-244. [PMID: 29039047 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-017-4198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The use of autologous tissue-engineered skin substitutes is a promising approach to cover large skin defects in patients. Preclinical investigation is pivotal to test and improve the quality of these bio-engineered substitutes. In the skin, the epidermis, formed mainly by keratinocytes, provides the first physical barrier protecting from the environment. Proper keratinocyte differentiation and, thus, formation of a stratified epidermis is essential for this function. Keratins, the main structural support of keratinocytes, play a vital role regarding differentiation of keratinocytes. Here, we examined the expression pattern of a recently described keratinocyte differentiation marker, namely Keratin 24, in our skin substitutes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human epidermal keratinocytes, melanocytes, dermal fibroblasts, palmar fibroblasts or sweat gland cells were used to prepare skin substitutes. Fibroblast-containing collagen hydrogels were prepared, and keratinocytes or sweat gland cells and melanocytes were seeded onto the hydrogels. The generated tissue-engineered dermo-epidermal skin analogs were transplanted onto full-thickness skin wounds created on the back of immuno-incompetent rats. The skin substitutes were excised at different time points and histologically examined with regard to Keratin 24 expression. RESULTS We observed the expression of Keratin 24 in keratinocytes of the upper stratum spinosum of the epidermis. In particular, we observed an intensified expression of Keratin 24 13 weeks after transplantation compared to 4 weeks after transplantation. Importantly, we noticed a markedly higher presence of Keratin 24 in more spinous layers if we used palmar fibroblasts or sweat gland cells in our skin substitutes compared non-palmar fibroblasts or epidermal keratinocytes. CONCLUSION Our observations prove that the keratinocyte differentiation marker Keratin 24 is expressed in our dermo-epidermal skin substitutes in a normal pattern. This highlights that our bio-engineered skin analogs mature and reach homeostasis in an in vivo assay. These findings harbor favorable implications regarding future clinical application.
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