1
|
Liao J, Xie X, Wang N, Wang Y, Zhao J, Chen F, Qu F, Wen W, Miao J, Cui H. Formononetin promotes fatty acid β-oxidation to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155285. [PMID: 38185065 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), carries a high risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With the increasing incidence of NASH, the accompanying medical burden is also increasing rapidly, so the development of safe and reliable drugs is urgent. Formononetin (FMNT) has a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammation, and plays a major role in regulating lipid metabolism, reducing hepatic steatosis and so on, but the mechanism for alleviating NASH is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We firstly established a mouse model on NASH through methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet to investigate the improvement of FMNT as well as the effects of fatty acid β oxidation and SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα pathway. Then, we explored the mechanisms of FMNT regulation in SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα pathway and fatty acid β oxidation based on genes silencing of SIRT1 and PGC1A. In addition, SIRT1 agonist (SRT1720) and inhibitor (EX527) were used to verify the mechanism of FMNT on improvement of NASH. RESULTS Our study found that after FMNT intervention, activities of ALT and AST and TG level were improved, and liver function and hepatocellular steatosis on NASH mice were significantly improved. The detection of β oxidation related indicators showed that FMNT intervention up-regulated FAO capacity, level of carnitine, and the levels of ACADM and CPT1A. The detection of factors related to the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα pathway showed that FMNT activated and promoted the expression of SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα pathway, including up-regulating the expression level of SIRT1, improving the activity of SIRT1, promoting the deacetylation of PGC-1α, and promoting the transcriptional activity of PPARα. Furthermore, after genes silencing of SIRT1 and PGC1A, we found that FMNT intervention could not alleviate NASH, including improvement of hepatocellular steatosis, enhancement of β oxidation, and regulation of SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα pathway. Afterwards, we used SRT1720 as a positive control, and the results indicated that FMNT and SRT1720 intervention had no significant difference on improving hepatocellular steatosis and promoting fatty acid β oxidation. Besides, we found that when EX527 intervention inhibited expression of SIRT1, the improvement of FMNT on NASH was weakened or even disappeared. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrated that FMNT intervention activated SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα pathway to promote fatty acid β oxidation and regulate lipid metabolism in liver, ultimately improved hepatocellular steatosis on NASH mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Liao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China; Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehua Xie
- School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Qu
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weibo Wen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jing Miao
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Huantian Cui
- School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
ACBP/DBI protein neutralization confers autophagy-dependent organ protection through inhibition of cell loss, inflammation, and fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207344119. [PMID: 36191214 PMCID: PMC9565466 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207344119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A (CoA)-binding protein (ACBP), also known as diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), is an extracellular feedback regulator of autophagy. Here, we report that injection of a monoclonal antibody neutralizing ACBP/DBI (α-DBI) protects the murine liver against ischemia/reperfusion damage, intoxication by acetaminophen and concanavalin A, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis caused by methionine/choline-deficient diet as well as against liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation or carbon tetrachloride. α-DBI downregulated proinflammatory and profibrotic genes and upregulated antioxidant defenses and fatty acid oxidation in the liver. The hepatoprotective effects of α-DBI were mimicked by the induction of ACBP/DBI-specific autoantibodies, an inducible Acbp/Dbi knockout or a constitutive Gabrg2F77I mutation that abolishes ACBP/DBI binding to the GABAA receptor. Liver-protective α-DBI effects were lost when autophagy was pharmacologically blocked or genetically inhibited by knockout of Atg4b. Of note, α-DBI also reduced myocardium infarction and lung fibrosis, supporting the contention that it mediates broad organ-protective effects against multiple insults.
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng LC, Zheng JY, Qiu YH, Zheng L, Zheng JY, Liu YQ, Miao XL, Lu XY. Salvianolic acid B ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation and NLRP3 inflammasome in ob/ob mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109099. [PMID: 35932615 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has high occurrence in the global world, which poses serious threats to human health. Salvianolic acid B (SalB), an extract of the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, has the protective effect on metabolic homeostasis. However, the mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we used ob/ob mice, a model of NAFLD, to explore the hepatoprotective effects of SalB. The results showed that SalB significantly reduced the body weights and liver weights, and ameliorated plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), hepatic free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC) levels, and hepatic TG and TC levels in ob/ob mice. SalB reduced the number of lipid droplets and inhibited hepatic lipogenesis by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-Co A desaturase 1 (SCD1), and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). Compared to ob/ob mice, the lower expressions of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and F4/80, were observed after SalB treatment. Importantly, SalB treatment inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and reduced the severity of liver inflammation. Our findings suggested that SalB improved NAFLD pathology in ob/ob mice by reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which might be the potential hepatoprotective mechanism of SalB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Cui Meng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hui Qiu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zheng
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
| | | | | | | | - Xin-Yi Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Biological Resource Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu W, Yan G, Ding Q, Cai J, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Lei H, Zhu YZ. Update of Indoles: Promising molecules for ameliorating metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112957. [PMID: 35462330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders have gradually become public health-threatening problems. The metabolic disorder is a cluster of complex metabolic abnormalities which are featured by dysfunction in glucose and lipid metabolism, and results from the increasing prevalence of visceral obesity. With the core driving factor of insulin resistance, metabolic disorder mainly includes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), micro and macro-vascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia, and the dysfunction of gut microbiota. Strategies and therapeutic attention are demanded to decrease the high risk of metabolic diseases, from lifestyle changes to drug treatment, especially herbal medicines. Indole is a parent substance of numerous bioactive compounds, and itself can be produced by tryptophan catabolism to stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and inhibit the development of obesity. In addition, in heterocycles drug discovery, the indole scaffold is primarily found in natural compounds with versatile biological activity and plays a prominent role in drug molecules synthesis. In recent decades, plenty of natural or synthesized indole deriviatives have been investigated and elucidated to exert effects on regulating glucose hemeostasis and lipd metabolism. The aim of this review is to trace and emphasize the compounds containing indole scaffold that possess immense potency on preventing metabolic disorders, particularly T2DM, obesity and NAFLD, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms, therefore facilitate a better comprehension of their druggability and application in metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Guanyu Yan
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jianghong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Heping Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang SQ, Bao YN, Lv LY, Du XH, Wang YC. Conophylline Suppresses Angiotensin II-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis In Vitro via the BMP4/JNK Pathway. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:305-311. [PMID: 34302205 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects and mechanisms of action of conophylline in different concentrations in the original in vitro model of myocardial fibrosis (treatment of cardiac fibroblasts isolated form the hearts of newborn rats with angiotensin II). Viability, collagen content, and expression of related protein in cardiac fibroblasts were assessed using the MTT-test, Sircol assay, and Western blotting, respectively. Conophylline markedly protected the cultured cells against the development of angiotensin II-induced fibrosis, which was seen from reduced viability of fibroblasts, decreased collagen content, and down-regulation of the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Conophylline did not affect the TGF-β pathway altered by angiotensin II, but markedly decreased the level of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) enhanced by angiotensin II and BMP4 itself. Conophylline produced no effect on phosphorylation of α-SMA and Smad homologue-1/5/8, the classic BMP4 downstream pathway elements, but reduced the level of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) elevated by BMP4. Conophylline did not inhibit the development of myocardial fibrosis in the presence of JNK activator anisomycin. Thus, conophylline inhibited angiotensin II-provoked myocardial fibrosis via the BMP4/JNK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Q Zhang
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Y N Bao
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - L Y Lv
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - X H Du
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Y C Wang
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dendrobium officinale Regulates Fatty Acid Metabolism to Ameliorate Liver Lipid Accumulation in NAFLD Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6689727. [PMID: 34122607 PMCID: PMC8189787 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6689727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale (DOF) is a traditional Chinese edible and officinal plant. Ultrafine DOF powder (DOFP) can regulate lipids and histopathology in the liver, but the underlying mechanisms of hepatic fatty acid (FA) metabolism, which is generally correlated with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether DOFP treatment alters hepatic FA metabolism in NAFLD mice by using multidimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics (MDMS-SL) and analyse the underlying mechanisms. A 3-week DOFP treatment prevented lipid deposition and improved hepatic histopathology in NAFLD mice after withdrawal from the high-sucrose, high-fat (HSHF) diet, and it decreased triglyceride and FA content in the liver. Furthermore, the C16 : 0/C14 : 0 and C18 : 1/18 : 0 ratios in FAs were significantly decreased in the DOFP treatment group, and the C20 : 4/C20 : 3 and C22 : 4/C22 : 3 ratios were increased, and saturated FA was inhibited. Additionally, DOFP treatment significantly increased the content of two FA β-oxidation-related proteins (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1-α and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1). It also decreased the content of a FA synthesis-related protein (fatty acid synthase), a FA desaturation-related protein (stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1), and a FA uptake-related protein (fatty acid transport protein 2). Moreover, DOFP treatment improved dysregulated levels of major phospholipids in the livers of model mice. The results of this study confirm that DOFP treatment in NAFLD mice has liver recovery effects by regulating FA metabolism.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakade Y, Kitano R, Sakamoto K, Kimoto S, Yamauchi T, Inoue T, Kobayashi Y, Ohashi T, Sumida Y, Ito K, Yoneda M. Characteristics of bile acid composition in high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese diabetic rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247303. [PMID: 33626072 PMCID: PMC7904175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acid has attracted attention as a signal transmission molecule in energy metabolism. Although a high-fat diet (HFD) or obesity is known to increase hepatic fat content and alter bile acid composition, the changes in bile acid composition due to HFD or obesity remain to be elucidated. We sought to examine the bile acid composition in high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese diabetic rats. Eight-week-old male spontaneously diabetic Torii fatty (SDTF) rats or control rats were fed an HFD. Twelve weeks post the commencement of HFD, serum and hepatic bile acid compositions and serum GLP-1 levels, which is stimulated by the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA), were measured. The correlation between the bile acid composition and serum GLP-1 levels was also examined. While serum and hepatic levels of cholic acid (CA), a primary bile acid, tended to decrease in HFD-fed control rats, they were significantly decreased in HFD-fed SDTF rats. Hepatic CYP8B1, which plays a role in CA synthesis, the mRNA levels were significantly decreased in HFD-fed control and SDTF rats. In contrast, while serum and hepatic DCA levels were not changed in HFD-fed control rats, they were decreased in HFD-fed SDTF rats. Hepatic DCA/CA did not change in HFD-fed SDTF rats, but significantly increased in HFD-fed control rats. While serum GLP-1 levels were not changed in SDTF rats, they were significantly increased in HFD-fed control rats. Hepatic DCA/CA tended to correlate with serum GLP-1 levels, which tended to negatively correlate with the hepatic triglyceride content in SDTF rats. These results indicate that relatively increased DCA might contribute to an increase in serum GLP-1 levels, which inhibits hepatic steatosis in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiomi Nakade
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rena Kitano
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sakamoto
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kimoto
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taeko Yamauchi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Inoue
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuji Kobayashi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohashi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Ito
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Yoneda
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leng YR, Zhang MH, Luo JG, Zhang H. Pathogenesis of NASH and Promising Natural Products. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:12-27. [PMID: 33516448 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common clinical condition that can lead to advanced liver diseases. The mechanism of the diaease progression, which is lacking effective therapy, remains obsure. Therefore, there is a need to understand the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for disease development and progression in order to develop innovative therapies. To accomplish this goal, experimental animal models that recapitulate the human disease are necessary. Currently, an increasing number of studies have focused on natural constituents from medicinal plants which have been emerged as a new hope for NASH. This review summarized the pathogenesis of NASH, animal models commonly used, and the promising targets for therapeutics. We also reviewed the natural constituents as potential NASH therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Rong Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effect of Adrenergic Agonists on High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249392. [PMID: 33321735 PMCID: PMC7764675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system, consisting of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, plays an important role in regulating metabolic homeostasis. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates hepatic lipid metabolism by regulating adrenergic receptor activation, resulting in the stimulation of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride (TG) production in vivo. However, only a few studies on the relationship between SNS and hepatic steatosis have been reported. Here, we investigate the effect of adrenergic receptor agonists on hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The α-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine (10 mg/kg/d) or the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (30 mg/kg/d) was coadministered with HFD to male mice. After five weeks, hepatic steatosis, TG levels, and hepatic fat metabolism-related biomarkers were examined. HFD treatment induced hepatic steatosis, and cotreatment with phenylephrine, but not isoproterenol, attenuated this effect. Phenylephrine administration upregulated the mRNA levels of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and its target genes (such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) and increased hepatic β-hydroxybutyrate levels. Additionally, phenylephrine treatment increased the expression of the autophagosomal marker LC3-II but decreased that of p62, which is selectively degraded during autophagy. These results indicate that phenylephrine inhibits hepatic steatosis through stimulation of β-oxidation and autophagy in the liver.
Collapse
|
10
|
Feng Z, Pang L, Chen S, Pang X, Huang Y, Qiao Q, Wang Y, Vonglorkham S, Huang Q, Lin X, Wei J. Didymin ameliorates dexamethasone-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt pathways in C57BL/6J mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:107003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
11
|
Ma X, Huang Y, Ding Y, Shi L, Zhong X, Kang M, Li C. Analysis of piRNA expression spectra in a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient diet. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3829-3839. [PMID: 32346447 PMCID: PMC7185076 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common health issue worldwide, and P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have been shown to be differentially expressed in a variety of diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential relationship between piRNA and NAFLD. A NAFLD mouse model was established using a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet and methionine- and choline-sufficient (MCS) diet. Following this, mouse liver tissues were removed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured. Moreover, the liver tissues of the control and model groups were selected for piRNA gene chip analysis to identify piRNAs with differential expression in NAFLD. In addition, the differentially expressed piRNAs screened from the microarray were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). piRNAs with potential research value were also selected for further analysis of target genes, using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The present study identified a total of 1,285 piRNAs with differential expression levels. The results indicated that in the model group, 641 piRNAs were upregulated, while 644 piRNAs were downregulated. Furthermore, piRNAs were enriched in ‘cancer’, ‘Hippo signaling’, ‘Wnt signaling’ and ‘Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling’ pathways. The RT-qPCR results demonstrated that piRNA DQ566704 and piRNA DQ723301 were significantly upregulated in the model group, which was largely consistent with the analysis results of the piRNA arrays. Therefore, the results of the piRNA arrays and the further analyses in the present study were considered reliable. Collectively, the present results suggest that differentially expressed piRNAs exist in NAFLD and may affect the development of NAFLD via related pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ding
- Technology Education Training Department, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Changping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li B, He X, Lei SS, Zhou FC, Zhang NY, Chen YH, Wang YZ, Su J, Yu JJ, Li LZ, Zheng X, Luo R, Kołodyńska D, Xiong S, Lv GY, Chen SH. Hypertensive Rats Treated Chronically With N ω-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) Induced Disorder of Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism and Intestinal Pathophysiology. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1677. [PMID: 32076406 PMCID: PMC7006817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis, results in hypertension and liver injury. This study aimed at investigating the changes of liver lipometabonomics and exploring the underlying mechanisms of liver injury in the L-NAME-treated rats. The male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with L-NAME (40 mg/kg, p.o.) for 8 weeks. After that, the liver, aorta, fecal, and serum were collected for analysis. The results showed that L-NAME induced hypertension and disordered the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-NO pathway in the treated rats. L-NAME could also increase the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST). The multidimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics (MDMS-SL) analysis showed that L-NAME could induce significant changes of the total hepatic lipids and most hepatic triglycerides, as well as fatty acid (FA). A positive correlation was found between the blood pressure and TAG. Immunofluorescence and Western-Blot experiments indicated that the L-NAME treatment significantly influenced some FA β-oxidation, desaturation, and synthesis-related proteins. The increase of intestinal inflammation, decrease of microcirculation and tight junction proteins, as well as alterations of microbial communities were observed in the L-NAME induced hypertensive rats, as well as alterations of microbial communities were notable correlation to TAG and FA species. This study demonstrated that the L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats exhibiting liver injury were the joint action of hepatic abnormal fatty acid metabolism and microcirculation disorder. Furthermore, the gut microflora, as well as the changes of FA β-oxidation (ACOX, CPT1α), desaturation (SCD-1), and synthesis (FAS) may be the potential mechanisms for abnormal fatty acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinglishang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Chen Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning-Yu Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Hui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhi Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Zi Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dorota Kołodyńska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Shan Xiong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee C, Kim J, Wang S, Sung S, Kim N, Lee HH, Seo YS, Jung Y. Hepatoprotective Effect of Kombucha Tea in Rodent Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2369. [PMID: 31086120 PMCID: PMC6539514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kombucha tea (KT) has emerged as a substance that protects the liver from damage; however, its mechanisms of action on the fatty liver remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the potential role of KT and its underlying mechanisms on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). db/db mice that were fed methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diets for seven weeks were treated for vehicle (M + V) or KT (M + K) and fed with MCD for four additional weeks. Histomorphological injury and increased levels of liver enzymes and lipids were evident in the M + V group, whereas these symptoms were ameliorated in the M + K group. The M + K group had more proliferating and less apoptotic hepatocytic cells than the M + V group. Lipid uptake and lipogenesis significantly decreased, and free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation increased in the M + K, when compared with the M + V group. With the reduction of hedgehog signaling, inflammation and fibrosis also declined in the M + K group. Palmitate (PA) treatment increased the accumulation of lipid droplets and decreased the viability of primary hepatocytes, whereas KT suppressed PA-induced damage in these cells by enhancing intracellular lipid disposal. These results suggest that KT protects hepatocytes from lipid toxicity by influencing the lipid metabolism, and it attenuates inflammation and fibrosis, which contributes to liver restoration in mice with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Sihyung Wang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Sumi Sung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Namgyu Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Conophylline inhibits high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210068. [PMID: 30689650 PMCID: PMC6349312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conophylline (CnP), a vinca alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the tropical plant Tabernaemontana divaricate, attenuates hepatic fibrosis in mice. We have previously shown that CnP inhibits non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) using a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mouse model. However, little is known about the CnP mediated inhibition of hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse models. CnP (0.5 and 1 μg/g/body weight) was co-administered along with a high-fat diet to male BALB/c mice. After nine weeks of administering the high-fat diet, hepatic steatosis, triglyceride, and hepatic fat metabolism-related markers were examined. Administration of a high-fat diet for 9 weeks was found to induce hepatic steatosis. CnP dose-dependently attenuated the high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis. The diet also attenuated hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) mRNA levels. PPARA is known to be involved in β-oxidation. CnP upregulated the mRNA levels of hepatic PPARA and its target genes, such as carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) and CPT2, in a dose-dependent manner in the liver. Furthermore, levels of hepatic β-hydroxybutyrate, which is a type of ketone body, were increased by CnP in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, CnP increased the expression of the autophagosomal marker LC3-II and decreased the expression of p62, which are known to be selectively degraded during autophagy. These results indicate that CnP inhibits hepatic steatosis through the stimulation of β-oxidation and autophagy in the liver. Therefore, CnP might prove to be a suitable therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tezuka T, Ota A, Karnan S, Matsuura K, Yokoo K, Hosokawa Y, Vigetti D, Passi A, Hatano S, Umezawa K, Watanabe H. The plant alkaloid conophylline inhibits matrix formation of fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:20214-20226. [PMID: 30377255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conophylline is a Vinca alkaloid from leaves of the tropical plant Ervatamia microphylla and has been shown to mimic the effect of the growth and differentiation factor activin A on pancreatic progenitor cells. However, activin A stimulates fibrosis of pancreatic stellate cells, whereas conophylline inhibits it, suggesting that this compound may serve as an antifibrotic drug. Here we investigated the effects of conophylline on human foreskin fibroblasts, especially focusing on extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. A gene microarray analysis revealed that conophylline remarkably suppressed expression of the gene for hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and of its antisense RNA, whereas the expression of collagen genes was unaffected. Of note, immunostaining experiments revealed that conophylline substantially inhibits incorporation of versican and collagens into the ECM in cells treated with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), which promotes collagen synthesis, but not in cells not treated with TGFβ. Moreover, a protein biosynthesis assay disclosed that conophylline decreases collagen biosynthesis, concomitant with a decrease in total protein biosynthesis, indicating that conophylline-mediated inhibition of fibrosis is not specific to collagen synthesis. Conophylline affected neither TGFβ-induced nuclear translocation of SMAD family member 2/3 (SMAD2/3) nor phosphorylation of SMAD2. However, conophylline substantially inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), suggesting that conophylline inhibits HAS2 expression via TGFβ-mediated activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Taken together, our results indicate that conophylline may be a useful inhibitor of ECM formation in fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Tezuka
- From the Departments of Pharmacy, via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy; Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan and
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Biochemistry, and via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | | | - Katsuhiko Matsuura
- From the Departments of Pharmacy, via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Kazuhisa Yokoo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | | | - Davide Vigetti
- the Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- the Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Sonoko Hatano
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan and
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Molecular Target Medicine and via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan and.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Y, He X, Yuan X, Hong J, Bhat O, Li G, Li PL, Guo J. NLRP3 Inflammasome Formation and Activation in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Therapeutic Target for Antimetabolic Syndrome Remedy FTZ. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2901871. [PMID: 30140364 PMCID: PMC6081604 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2901871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation not only serves as an intracellular machinery triggering inflammation but also produces uncanonical effects beyond inflammation such as changing cell metabolism and increasing cell membrane permeability. The present study was designed to test whether this NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the "two-hit" injury during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and whether it can be a therapeutic target for the action of Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ), a widely used herbal remedy for hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome in China. We first demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation as well as lipid deposition occurred in the liver of mice on the high-fat diet (HFD), as shown by increased NLRP3 aggregation, enhanced production of IL-1β and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and remarkable lipid deposition in liver cells. FTZ extracts not only significantly reduced the NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation but also attenuated the liver steatosis and fibrogenic phenotype changed. In in vitro studies, palmitic acid (PA) was found to increase colocalization of NLRP3 components and enhanced caspase-1 activity in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), indicating enhanced formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by PA. PA also increased lipid deposition. Nlrp3 siRNA can reverse this effect by silencing the NLRP3 inflammasome and both with FTZ. In FTZ-treated cells, not only inflammasome formation and activation was substantially attenuated but also lipid deposition in HSCs was blocked. This inhibition of FTZ on lipid deposition was similar to the effects of glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor. Mechanistically, stimulated membrane raft redox signaling platform formation and increased O2•- production by PA to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in HSCs was blocked by FTZ treatment. It is concluded that FTZ extracts inhibit NASH by its action on both inflammatory response and liver lipid metabolism associated with NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xingxiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jinni Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Owais Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jiao Guo
- Department of Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hongkong and Macao Regions on Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang F, Dai Y, Min C, Li X. Neonatal overfeeding induced glucocorticoid overexposure accelerates hepatic lipogenesis in male rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:30. [PMID: 29743929 PMCID: PMC5930793 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postnatal overfeeding activates tissue glucocorticoid (GC) activity by up-regulating 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) and increasing sensitivity to high-fat (HF) diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of postnatal overfeeding on GC regulation and lipogenesis in the liver and to observe the impact of GC on hepatocyte lipid metabolism. Methods In vivo, Male Sprague-Dawley rat pup litters were adjusted to litter sizes of three (small litter, SL) or ten (normal litter, NL) on postnatal day 3 and then given standard chow from postnatal week 3 (W3) to W13. In vitro, HepG2 cells were stimulated by GC, mifepristone (Mi) or GC + Mi within 48 h, followed by sodium oleate (OA) intervention (or not) for 24 h. Intracellular lipid droplets, triglyceride (TG) concentrations and gene expression related to lipid metabolism were measured in hepatic tissues or HepG2 cells. Results In vivo, weight gain in the body and liver and TG concentrations in the liver were significantly increased in the SL rats compared to the NL rats at W3 and W13 (p < 0.05); mRNA expression of hepatic 11β-HSD1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and their nuclear transcription factor, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) (p < 0.05), was also increased. In vitro, intracellular lipid droplets and TG content in HepG2 cells increased under stimulation with GC or OA (p < 0.05); the increase was more significant following treatment with GC and OA together (p < 0.05). The ACC, SCD1, FASN and SREBP-1c mRNA expression changes were highly similar to the changes in TG content in cells. All the changes induced by GC disappeared when the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was blocked by Mi. Conclusions Postnatal overfeeding induced GC overexposure through 11β-HSD1 up-regulation in the liver. GC activated hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) via GR and led to hepatic lipid accumulation, which increased the risk of NAFLD during adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- 1Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Dai
- 1Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiting Min
- 1Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- 1Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.,2Institute of Paediatric Research, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Therapeutic activity of plant-derived alkaloid conophylline on metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative disease models. Hum Cell 2017; 31:95-101. [PMID: 29249016 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing metabolic syndromes including type-2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and steatohepatitis are serious problems in most countries in the world. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are increasing in many countries. However, therapy for these diseases is not sufficient yet. Thus, effective chemotherapy for these diseases is being expected. Conophylline is an alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Ervatamia microphylla and related plants. It was found to induce beta-cell differentiation in the precursor pancreatic cells. Oral administration of this compound ameliorated type-2 diabetes mellitus model in mice and rats. Later, fibrosis of the pancreatic islets was found to be greatly reduced by conophylline in the pancreatic islets. It also inhibited chemically induced liver cirrhosis. Further study indicated that conophylline inhibited non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the model mice. On the one hand, loss of autophagy often causes protein aggregation to give neural cell death. Conophylline was found to activate autophagy in cultured neural cells. Activation of autophagy ameliorated cellular models of Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Thus, conophylline is likely to be useful for the development of chemotherapy for metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|