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García-Miranda A, Montes-Alvarado JB, Sarmiento-Salinas FL, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Castañeda-Saucedo E, Navarro-Tito N, Maycotte P. Regulation of mitochondrial metabolism by autophagy supports leptin-induced cell migration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1408. [PMID: 38228661 PMCID: PMC10791685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, which promotes tumor progression by activating canonical signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK. Recent studies have shown that leptin induces autophagy, and this process is involved in leptin-induced characteristics of malignancy. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process associated with different hallmarks of cancer, such as cell survival, migration, and metabolic reprogramming. However, its relationship with metabolic reprogramming has not been clearly described. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of leptin-induced autophagy in cancer cell metabolism and its association with cellular proliferation and migration in breast cancer cells. We used ER+/PR+ and triple-negative breast cancer cell lines treated with leptin, autophagy inhibition, or mitochondrial metabolism inhibitors. Our results show that leptin induces autophagy, increases proliferation, mitochondrial ATP production and mitochondrial function in ER+/PR+ cells. Importantly, autophagy was required to maintain metabolic changes and cell proliferation driven by leptin. In triple-negative cells, leptin did not induce autophagy or cell proliferation but increased glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP production, mitochondrial function, and cell migration. In triple negative cells, autophagy was required to support metabolic changes and cell migration, and autophagy inhibition decreased cellular migration similar to mitochondrial inhibitors. In conclusion, leptin-induced autophagy supports mitochondrial metabolism in breast cancer cells as well as glycolysis in triple negative cells. Importantly, leptin-induced mitochondrial metabolism promoted cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin García-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - José Benito Montes-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Metabólica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Lilí Sarmiento-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Metabólica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, 03940, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, México
| | - Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Metabólica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico.
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Akrida I, Papadaki H. Adipokines and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2419-2433. [PMID: 36715963 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for cancer development. Within the tumor microenvironment, adipocytes interact with cancer cells, immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and orchestrate several signaling pathways by secreting bioactive molecules, including adipokines. Adipokines or adipocytokines are produced predominantly by adipocytes and function as autocrine, paracrine and endocrine mediators. Adipokines can exert pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, and they play a pivotal role in the state of chronic low-grade inflammation that characterizes obesity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a complex biological process whereby epithelial cells acquire the invasive, migratory mesenchymal phenotype is well-known to be implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that there is a link between adipokines and EMT. This may contribute to the correlation that has been documented between obesity and cancer progression. This review summarizes the existing body of evidence supporting an association between the process of EMT in cancer and the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin/NAMPT, lipocalin-2/NGAL, as well as other newly discovered adipokines including chemerin, nesfatin-1/nucleobindin-2, AZGP1, SFRP5 and FABP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Akrida
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Patras, Rion, Greece.
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion, Greece.
- Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion, Greece.
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion, Greece
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Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Malczewska-Herman A, Kos-Kudła B. Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4250. [PMID: 37686525 PMCID: PMC10486522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones produced by adipocytes, leptin and adiponectin, are associated with the process of carcinogenesis. Both of these adipokines have well-proven oncologic potential and can affect many aspects of tumorigenesis, from initiation and primary tumor growth to metastatic progression. Involvement in the formation of cancer includes interactions with the tumor microenvironment and its components, such as tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinases. Furthermore, these adipokines participate in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and connect to angiogenesis, which is critical for cancer invasiveness and cancer cell migration. In addition, an enormous amount of evidence has demonstrated that altered concentrations of these adipocyte-derived hormones and the expression of their receptors in tumors are associated with poor prognosis in various types of cancer. Therefore, leptin and adiponectin dysfunction play a prominent role in cancer and impact tumor invasion and metastasis in different ways. This review clearly and comprehensively summarizes the recent findings and presents the role of leptin and adiponectin in cancer initiation, promotion and progression, focusing on associations with the tumor microenvironment and its components as well as roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.M.-H.); (B.K.-K.)
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Ordaz-Ramos A, Tellez-Jimenez O, Vazquez-Santillan K. Signaling pathways governing the maintenance of breast cancer stem cells and their therapeutic implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221175. [PMID: 37492224 PMCID: PMC10363614 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) represent a distinct subpopulation of cells with the ability to self-renewal and differentiate into phenotypically diverse tumor cells. The involvement of CSC in treatment resistance and cancer recurrence has been well established. Numerous studies have provided compelling evidence that the self-renewal ability of cancer stem cells is tightly regulated by specific signaling pathways, which exert critical roles to maintain an undifferentiated phenotype and prevent the differentiation of CSCs. Signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, and Hippo have been implicated in the promotion of self-renewal of many normal and cancer stem cells. Given the pivotal role of BCSCs in driving breast cancer aggressiveness, targeting self-renewal signaling pathways holds promise as a viable therapeutic strategy for combating this disease. In this review, we will discuss the main signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of the self-renewal ability of BCSC, while also highlighting current strategies employed to disrupt the signaling molecules associated with stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ordaz-Ramos
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
| | - Olivia Tellez-Jimenez
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
| | - Karla Vazquez-Santillan
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
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Al Qteishat A, Aringazina R, Ermakov D, Demianenko E. Adipocytokine imbalance and breast cancer in obese women. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S827-S834. [PMID: 38384062 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2566_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Breast cancer is the most common diagnosis established in women with malignant tumors. AIMS The purpose is to investigate the blood contents of adiponectin and leptin in women with breast cancer and obesity. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A total of 140 women aged 40-50 were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Group 1 included 70 women from classes 1 or 2 obesity. Group 2 included 70 women with stage 1 or 2 breast cancer and classes 1 or 2 obesity. The control group included 30 apparently healthy women, with mean age of 42.5 ± 2.5 years. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Statistical processing of the results obtained was performed using Statistica. RESULTS Groups 1 and 2 were statistically significantly different from each other across all parameters, except for leptin resistance. In group 2, the course of breast cancer with concomitant obesity is characterized by disrupted adipocytokine homeostasis, which manifests as a 1.94-fold decrease in the blood content of adiponectin (P < 0.05), a 4.14-fold increase in the blood content of leptin (P < 0.05), and an 8.00-fold increase in the leptin/adiponectin ratio (P < 0.05). Poorly differentiated breast tumors exhibit a more pronounced imbalance in the blood levels of adipocytokines. Thus, the serum content of leptin in women with poorly differentiated tumors (G3) was 1.79 times (P < 0.05) higher than in women with moderately differentiated tumors (G2). CONCLUSIONS The course of breast cancer with concomitant obesity is characterized by disrupted adipocytokine homeostasis and decreased adiponectin concentration in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Qteishat
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Raisa Aringazina
- Department of Internal Diseases No. 1, Non-Commercial Joint-Stock Society, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy Ermakov
- Department of Pharmacy, Sechenov First State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Demianenko
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Lugansk State Medical University, Lugansk, Ukraine
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Harris BHL, Macaulay VM, Harris DA, Klenerman P, Karpe F, Lord SR, Harris AL, Buffa FM. Obesity: a perfect storm for carcinogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:491-515. [PMID: 36038791 PMCID: PMC9470699 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related cancers account for 40% of the cancer cases observed in the USA and obesity is overtaking smoking as the most widespread modifiable risk factor for carcinogenesis. Here, we use the hallmarks of cancer framework to delineate how obesity might influence the carcinogenic hallmarks in somatic cells. We discuss the effects of obesity on (a) sustaining proliferative signaling; (b) evading growth suppressors; (c) resisting cell death; (d) enabling replicative immortality; (e) inducing angiogenesis; (f) activating invasion and metastasis; (g) reprogramming energy metabolism; and (h) avoiding immune destruction, together with its effects on genome instability and tumour-promoting inflammation. We present the current understanding and controversies in this evolving field, and highlight some areas in need of further cross-disciplinary focus. For instance, the relative importance of the many potentially causative obesity-related factors is unclear for each type of malignancy. Even within a single tumour type, it is currently unknown whether one obesity-related factor consistently plays a predominant role, or if this varies between patients or, even in a single patient with time. Clarifying how the hallmarks are affected by obesity may lead to novel prevention and treatment strategies for the increasingly obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK. .,St Anne's College, 56 Woodstock Rd, Oxford, OX2 6HS, UK.
| | - Valentine M Macaulay
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Simon R Lord
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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A kinase inhibitor screen reveals MEK1/2 as a novel therapeutic target to antagonize IGF1R-mediated antiestrogen resistance in ERα-positive luminal breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115233. [PMID: 36041543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antiestrogen resistance of breast cancer has been related to enhanced growth factor receptor expression and activation. We have previously shown that ectopic expression and subsequent activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) or the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in MCF7 or T47D breast cancer cells results in antiestrogen resistance. In order to identify novel therapeutic targets to prevent this antiestrogen resistance, we performed kinase inhibitor screens with 273 different inhibitors in MCF7 cells overexpressing IGF1R or EGFR. Kinase inhibitors that antagonized antiestrogen resistance but are not directly involved in IGF1R or EGFR signaling were prioritized for further analyses. Various ALK (anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase) inhibitors inhibited cell proliferation in IGF1R expressing cells under normal and antiestrogen resistance conditions by preventing IGF1R activation and subsequent downstream signaling; the ALK inhibitors did not affect EGFR signaling. On the other hand, MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)1/2 inhibitors, including PD0325901, selumetinib, trametinib and TAK733, selectively antagonized IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance but did not affect cell proliferation under normal growth conditions. RNAseq analysis revealed that MEK inhibitors PD0325901 and selumetinib drastically altered cell cycle progression and cell migration networks under IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance. In a group of 219 patients with metastasized ER+ breast cancer, strong pMEK staining showed a significant correlation with no clinical benefit of first-line tamoxifen treatment. We propose a critical role for MEK activation in IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance and anticipate that dual-targeted therapy with a MEK inhibitor and antiestrogen could improve treatment outcome.
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Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells, Obesity and the Tumor Microenvironment of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163908. [PMID: 36010901 PMCID: PMC9405791 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adipose tissue is the major microenvironment of breast cancer. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs/MSCs) are key players in adipose tissue. ASCs/MSCs, particularly in the obese state, are critical in remodeling the tumor microenvironment and promoting breast cancer progression. In this review, we have addressed the impact of obesity on ASCs/MSCs, summarized the crosstalk between ASCs/MSCs and breast cancer cells, discussed related molecular mechanisms, and highlighted related research perspectives. Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and a common cause of cancer-related death in women. It is well recognized that obesity is associated with an enhanced risk of more aggressive breast cancer as well as reduced patient survival. Adipose tissue is the major microenvironment of breast cancer. Obesity changes the composition, structure, and function of adipose tissue, which is associated with inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Interestingly, adipose tissue is rich in ASCs/MSCs, and obesity alters the properties and functions of these cells. As a key component of the mammary stroma, ASCs play essential roles in the breast cancer microenvironment. The crosstalk between ASCs and breast cancer cells is multilateral and can occur both directly through cell–cell contact and indirectly via the secretome released by ASC/MSC, which is considered to be the main effector of their supportive, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory functions. In this narrative review, we aim to address the impact of obesity on ASCs/MSCs, summarize the current knowledge regarding the potential pathological roles of ASCs/MSCs in the development of breast cancer, discuss related molecular mechanisms, underline the possible clinical significance, and highlight related research perspectives. In particular, we underscore the roles of ASCs/MSCs in breast cancer cell progression, including proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell development, immune evasion, therapy resistance, and the potential impact of breast cancer cells on ASCS/MSCs by educating them to become cancer-associated fibroblasts. We conclude that ASCs/MSCs, especially obese ASCs/MSCs, may be key players in the breast cancer microenvironment. Targeting these cells may provide a new path of effective breast cancer treatment.
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Liang H, Li L, Zhu S, Tan J, Yang B, Wang X, Wu G, Xie C, Li L, Liu Z, Li Y, Song H, Chen G, Lin L. MicroRNA-744-5p suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis of osteosarcoma through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway by targeting transforming growth factor-beta 1. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12309-12325. [PMID: 35593122 PMCID: PMC9276001 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2072619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Accumulating evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the progression of OS. In this study, we found that miR-744-5p was the least expressed miRNA in patients with OS by analyzing GSE65071 from the GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO) database. Through real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, colony formation assay, 5-Ethynyl-2-Deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, transwell migration, and invasion assays, we demonstrated its ability to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells in vitro. According to the luciferase reporter assay, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) was negatively regulated by miR-744-5p and reversed the effects of miR-744-5p on OS. Subcutaneous tumor-forming animal models and tail vein injection lung metastatic models were used in animal experiments, and it was found that miR-744-5p negatively regulated tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, rescue assays verified that miR-744-5p regulates TGFB1 expression in OS. Further experiments revealed that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the miR-744-5p/TGFB1 axis. Generally, this study suggests that miR-744-5p is a negative regulator of TGFB1 and suppresses OS progression and metastasis via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Liang
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of orthopedics, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianye Tan
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingsheng Yang
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lutao Li
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengwei Liu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yucong Li
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guoli Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lijun Lin
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Liao B, Qiu X, Hu S, Xu Q. Circ_0006089 promotes gastric cancer growth, metastasis, glycolysis and angiogenesis by regulating miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2044-2055. [PMID: 35347818 PMCID: PMC9207367 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including the development of gastric cancer (GC). However, the role of circ_0006089 in GC progression and its underlying molecular mechanism need to be further revealed. Quantitative real‐time PCR was utilized for detecting circ_0006089, microRNA (miR)‐361‐3p and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFB1) expression. The interaction between miR‐361‐3p and circ_0006089 or TGFB1 was confirmed using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay and an RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were determined using colony formation assay, EdU assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and tube formation assay. Cell glycolysis was evaluated by detecting glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP levels. In addition, western blot (WB) analysis was used to measure protein expression. Xenograft tumor models were used to assess the effect of circ_0006089 knockdown on GC tumorigenesis. circ_0006089 had been found to be upregulated in GC tissues and cells, and it could act as an miR‐361‐3p sponge. circ_0006089 knockdown suppressed GC proliferation, metastasis, glycolysis, angiogenesis, and increased apoptosis, while this effect could be revoked by miR‐361‐3p inhibitor. TGFB1 was targeted by miR‐361‐3p, and its overexpression reversed the effects of miR‐361‐3p on GC cell function. Also, circ_0006089 promoted TGFB1 expression via sponging miR‐361‐3p. Animal experiments showed that silenced circ_0006089 inhibited GC tumorigenesis through the miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1 pathway. Our results revealed that the circ_0006089/miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1 axis contributed to GC progression, confirming that circ_0006089 might be a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Bingling Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Xiaofeng Qiu
- Department of General Surgery Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of General Surgery Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Qihua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200120 China
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Juárez-Cruz JC, Okoniewski M, Ramírez M, Ortuño-Pineda C, Navarro-Tito N, Castañeda-Saucedo E. Chronic Leptin Treatment Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in MCF10A Mammary Epithelial Cells. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:19-36. [PMID: 35195812 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a cytokine-like hormone that functions as a link between obesity and breast cancer (BC). Leptin treatment induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in BC cell lines. In non-tumoral breast epithelial MCF10A cells, acute leptin treatment induces partial EMT. However, the effect of chronic leptin treatment on EMT in non-tumorigenic breast cells has not been fully explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic leptin treatment on the induction of EMT in MCF10A cells. We found that chronic leptin treatment induces a switch from an epithelial to a mesenchymal morphology, partial loss of E-cadherin and gain of vimentin expression. Immunolocalization experiments showed a partial loss of E-cadherin at cell junctions and increased cytoplasmic localization of vimentin in leptin-treated cells. Moreover, chronic leptin treatment increased collective cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, when cultured in non-adherent conditions leptin treated cells exhibited reduced cell aggregation, increased survival, and decreased apoptosis, which correlates with increased FAK and AKT phosphorylation. Finally, bioinformatic analysis in two publicly available RNAseq datasets from normal breast tissue shows that high levels of leptin mRNA correlate positively with the expression of mesenchymal markers, and negatively with epithelial markers. Thus, our results demonstrate that chronic leptin treatment induces EMT in non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells and suggest that high leptin expression in normal breast tissue may induce EMT and contribute to increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Juárez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer. Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria. C.P, 39087, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | | | - Mónica Ramírez
- CONACYT, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - Carlos Ortuño-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Ácidos Nucleicos y Proteínas. Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer. Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria. C.P, 39087, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer. Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria. C.P, 39087, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México.
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The Complex Biology of the Obesity-Induced, Metastasis-Promoting Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052480. [PMID: 35269622 PMCID: PMC8910079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in women contributing to cancer-related death in the advanced world. Apart from the menopausal status, the trigger for developing breast cancer may vary widely from race to lifestyle factors. Epidemiological studies refer to obesity-associated metabolic changes as a critical risk factor behind the progression of breast cancer. The plethora of signals arising due to obesity-induced changes in adipocytes present in breast tumor microenvironment, significantly affect the behavior of adjacent breast cells. Adipocytes from white adipose tissue are currently recognized as an active endocrine organ secreting different bioactive compounds. However, due to excess energy intake and increased fat accumulation, there are morphological followed by secretory changes in adipocytes, which make the breast microenvironment proinflammatory. This proinflammatory milieu not only increases the risk of breast cancer development through hormone conversion, but it also plays a role in breast cancer progression through the activation of effector proteins responsible for the biological phenomenon of metastasis. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive picture of the complex biology of obesity-induced changes in white adipocytes and demonstrate the relationship between obesity and breast cancer progression to metastasis.
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13
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Thakkar N, Shin YB, Sung HK. Nutritional Regulation of Mammary Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803280. [PMID: 35186923 PMCID: PMC8847692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a heterogeneous organ comprising of immune cells, surrounding adipose stromal cells, vascular cells, mammary epithelial, and cancer stem cells. In response to nutritional stimuli, dynamic interactions amongst these cell populations can be modulated, consequently leading to an alteration of the glandular function, physiology, and ultimately disease pathogenesis. For example, obesity, a chronic over-nutritional condition, is known to disrupt homeostasis within the mammary gland and increase risk of breast cancer development. In contrast, emerging evidence has demonstrated that fasting or caloric restriction can negatively impact mammary tumorigenesis. However, how fasting induces phenotypic and functional population differences in the mammary microenvironment is not well understood. In this review, we will provide a detailed overview on the effect of nutritional conditions (i.e., overnutrition or fasting) on the mammary gland microenvironment and its impact on mammary tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Thakkar
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ye Bin Shin
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hoon-Ki Sung,
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14
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Zhu M, Niu J, Jiang J, Dong T, Chen Y, Yang X, Liu P. Chelerythrine inhibits the progression of glioblastoma by suppressing the TGFB1-ERK1/2/Smad2/3-Snail/ZEB1 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2022; 293:120358. [PMID: 35092731 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive intracranial tumor with poor prognosis. A large majority of clinical chemotherapeutic agents cannot achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Chelerythrine (CHE), a natural component with multitudinous pharmacological functions, has been proven to have outstanding antitumor effects in addition to antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and hypotensive effects. However, the anti-GBM effect of CHE has not been reported to date. The purpose of this paper is to observe the anti-GBM effect of CHE and further explore the related mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS GBM cell lines (U251 and T98G) and BALB/c nude mice were used in the experiments. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and clone formation assays were applied to detect the viability, proliferation and stemness of GBM cells. Flow cytometry was utilized to identify the effect of CHE on GBM apoptosis. Scratch and Transwell experiments reflected the migration and invasion of cells. In vivo, xenograft tumors were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. The progression of tumors was assessed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, western blot, bioinformatics, and immunohistochemistry experiments were used to explore the molecular mechanisms in depth. KEY FINDINGS In vitro tests showed that CHE inhibited the proliferation, stemness, migration, and invasion of GBM cells and induced apoptosis. In vitro, CHE was observed to restrain the progression of xenograft tumors. We eventually proved that the cytotoxicity of CHE was relevant to the TGFB1-ERK1/2/Smad2/3-Snail/ZEB1 signaling pathway. SIGNIFICANCE CHE inhibited GBM progression by inhibiting the TGFB1-ERK1/2/Smad2/3-Snail/ZEB1 signaling pathway and is a potential chemotherapeutic drug for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiamei Niu
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianxiu Dong
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yaodong Chen
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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15
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Ahmed M, Lai TH, Kim W, Kim DR. A Functional Network Model of the Metastasis Suppressor PEBP1/RKIP and Its Regulators in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6098. [PMID: 34885208 PMCID: PMC8657175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug screening strategies focus on quantifying the phenotypic effects of different compounds on biological systems. High-throughput technologies have the potential to understand further the mechanisms by which these drugs produce the desired outcome. Reverse causal reasoning integrates existing biological knowledge and measurements of gene and protein abundances to infer their function. This approach can be employed to appraise the existing biological knowledge and data to prioritize targets for cancer therapies. We applied text mining and a manual literature search to extract known interactions between several metastasis suppressors and their regulators. We then identified the relevant interactions in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 using a knockdown dataset. We finally adopted a reverse causal reasoning approach to evaluate and prioritize pathways that are most consistent and responsive to drugs that inhibit cell growth. We evaluated this model in terms of agreement with the observations under treatment of several drugs that produced growth inhibition of cancer cell lines. In particular, we suggested that the metastasis suppressor PEBP1/RKIP is on the receiving end of two significant regulatory mechanisms. One involves RELA (transcription factor p65) and SNAI1, which were previously reported to inhibit PEBP1. The other involves the estrogen receptor (ESR1), which induces PEBP1 through the kinase NME1. Our model was derived in the specific context of breast cancer, but the observed responses to drug treatments were consistent in other cell lines. We further validated some of the predicted regulatory links in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 experimentally and highlighted the points of uncertainty in our model. To summarize, our model was consistent with the observed changes in activity with drug perturbations. In particular, two pathways, including PEBP1, were highly responsive and would be likely targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Korea; (M.A.); (T.H.L.); (W.K.)
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16
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Silva C, Andrade N, Rodrigues I, Ferreira AC, Soares ML, Martel F. The pro-proliferative effect of interferon-γ in breast cancer cell lines is dependent on stimulation of ASCT2-mediated glutamine cellular uptake. Life Sci 2021; 286:120054. [PMID: 34662550 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for breast cancer initiation and progression. Glutamine (GLN) is a critical nutrient for cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of T2DM-associated compounds upon GLN uptake by breast cancer cells. MAIN METHODS The in vitro uptake of 3H-GLN by breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and non-tumorigenic (MCF-12A) cell lines was measured. KEY FINDINGS 3H-GLN uptake in the three cell lines is mainly Na+-dependent and sensitive to the ASCT2 inhibitor GPNA. IFN-γ increased total and Na+-dependent 3H-GLN uptake in the two breast cancer cell lines, and insulin increased total and Na+-dependent 3H-GLN uptake in the non-tumorigenic cell line. GPNA abolished the increase in 3H-GLN uptake promoted by these T2DM-associated compounds. ASCT2 knockdown confirmed that the increase in 3H-GLN uptake caused by IFN-γ (in breast cancer cells) and by insulin (in non-tumorigenic cells) is ASCT2-dependent. IFN-γ (in MDA-MB-231 cells) and insulin (in MCF-12A cells) increased ASCT2 transcript and protein levels. Importantly, the pro-proliferative effect of IFN-γ in breast cancer cell lines was associated with an increase in 3H-GLN uptake which was GPNA-sensitive, blocked by ASCT2 knockdown and mediated by activation of the PI3K-, STAT3- and STAT1 intracellular signalling pathways. SIGNIFICANCE IFN-γ and insulin possess pro-proliferative effects in breast cancer and non-cancer cell lines, respectively, which are dependent on an increase in ASCT2-mediated glutamine transport. Thus, an effective inhibition of ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake may be a therapeutic strategy against human breast cancer in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Silva
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelson Andrade
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Rodrigues
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Carlos Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório de Apoio à Investigação em Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Luz Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório de Apoio à Investigação em Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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17
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Zheng Y, Karnoub AE. Endocrine regulation of cancer stem cell compartments in breast tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111374. [PMID: 34242715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells within breast tumors exist within a hierarchy in which only a small and rare subset of cells is able to regenerate growths with the heterogeneity of the original tumor. These highly malignant cancer cells, which behave like stem cells for new cancers and are called "cancer stem cells" or CSCs, have also been shown to possess increased resistance to therapeutics, and represent the root cause underlying therapy failures, persistence of residual disease, and relapse. As >90% of cancer deaths are due to refractory tumors, identification of critical molecular drivers of the CSC-state would reveal vulnerabilities that can be leveraged in designing therapeutics that eradicate advanced disease and improve patient survival outcomes. An expanding and complex body of work has now described the exquisite susceptibility of CSC pools to the regulatory influences of local and systemic hormones. Indeed, breast CSCs express a plethora of hormonal receptors, which funnel hormonal influences over every aspect of breast neoplasia - be it tumor onset, growth, survival, invasion, metastasis, or therapy resistance - via directly impacting CSC behavior. This article is intended to shed light on this active area of investigation by attempting to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the available evidence directly linking hormones to breast CSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antoine E Karnoub
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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18
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Rauner G, Kuperwasser C. Microenvironmental control of cell fate decisions in mammary gland development and cancer. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1875-1883. [PMID: 34256927 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate decisions are critical for adequate tissue development, maintenance and regeneration. In the mammary gland, epithelial cell fates are tightly controlled by the microenvironment. Here, we review how cell fate decisions are regulated by components of the microenvironment during mammary gland development and how pathological changes in the microenvironment can alter cell fates, leading to malignancy. Specifically, we describe the current understanding of how mammary cell fate is controlled and directed by three elements: the extracellular matrix, the immune microenvironment, and hormones-and how these elements can converge to create microenvironments that promote a fourth element: DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gat Rauner
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Laboratory for the Convergence of Biomedical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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19
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Expression Pattern of Leptin and Its Receptors in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132787. [PMID: 34202922 PMCID: PMC8268664 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel molecular markers and the development of cancer treatment strategies are very important as cancer incidence is still very high. Obesity can contribute to cancer progression, including endometrial cancer. Adipocytes secrete leptin, which, when at a high level, is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the expression profile of leptin-related genes in the endometrial tissue samples and whole blood of patients. The study material included tissue samples and whole blood collected from 30 patients with endometrial cancer and 30 without cancer. Microarrays were used to assess the expression profile of leptin-related genes. Then, the expression of leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), leptin receptor overlapping transcript (LEPROT), and leptin receptor overlapping transcript-like 1 (LEPROTL1) was determined by the Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Reaction (RT-qPCR). The serum leptin concentration was evaluated using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Leptin and its receptors were overexpressed both at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, there were strong positive correlations between leptin levels and patient Body Mass Index (BMI). Elevated levels of leptin and its receptors may potentially contribute to the progression of endometrial cancer. These observations may be useful in designing endometrial cancer treatment strategies.
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20
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García-Miranda A, Solano-Alcalá KA, Montes-Alvarado JB, Rosas-Cruz A, Reyes-Leyva J, Navarro-Tito N, Maycotte P, Castañeda-Saucedo E. Autophagy Mediates Leptin-Induced Migration and ERK Activation in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644851. [PMID: 33763424 PMCID: PMC7982408 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular recycling process active in eukaryotic cells that involves the formation of an autophagosome which delivers cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation. This process occurs at low rates under basal conditions, but it can be induced by diverse types of stress such as starvation, hypoxia, metabolic disorders or in response to hormones, including leptin. Leptin is considered a pro-tumorigenic protein whose circulating levels have been related to bad prognosis in obese breast cancer patients. It has been recently demonstrated that leptin can induce autophagy in cancer cell lines from different tissues, suggesting that autophagy could modulate the pro-tumorigenic effects associated with leptin. In this study, the role of autophagy in leptin-induced proliferation, migration, apoptosis and ERK phosphorylation in breast cancer cell lines was evaluated. Although leptin differentially induced autophagy in the breast cancer cell lines tested, autophagy inhibition reduced leptin-induced cell proliferation in MCF7 cells and decreased cell migration, ERK activation, and impaired morphological changes in both cell lines. Our data demonstrates an important role for basal autophagy or leptin-induced autophagy in leptin-induced migration and ERK phosphorylation in breast cancer cell lines, suggesting a potential use for the inhibition of autophagy in breast cancer associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin García-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Karen Aylín Solano-Alcalá
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.,Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Coatzacoalcos, Coatzacoalcos, Mexico
| | | | - Arely Rosas-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julio Reyes-Leyva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Paola Maycotte
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
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21
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Wang J, Xiang H, Lu Y, Wu T. Role and clinical significance of TGF‑β1 and TGF‑βR1 in malignant tumors (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:55. [PMID: 33604683 PMCID: PMC7895515 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance and growth of malignant tumors is a complicated process that is regulated by a number of genes. In recent years, studies have revealed that the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway serves an important role in cell cycle regulation, growth and development, differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis and immune response. Notably, two members of the TGF-β signaling pathway, TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-βR1), are highly expressed in a variety of tumors, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 promote proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells by activating other signaling pathways, signaling molecules or microRNAs (miRs), such as the NF-κB signaling pathway and miR-133b. In addition, some inhibitors targeting TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 have exhibited positive effects in in vitro experiments. The present review discusses the association between TGF-β1 or TGF-βR1 and tumors, and the development of some inhibitors, hoping to provide more approaches to help identify novel tumor markers to restrain and cure tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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22
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The Tumor Microenvironment as a Driving Force of Breast Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123863. [PMID: 33371274 PMCID: PMC7766255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer stem cells are a subset of transformed cells that sustain tumor growth and can metastasize to secondary organs. Since metastasis accounts for most cancer deaths, it is of paramount importance to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate this subgroup of cells. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the habitat in which transformed cells evolve, and it is composed by many different cell types and the extracellular matrix (ECM). A body of evidence strongly indicates that microenvironmental cues modulate stemness in breast cancer, and that the coevolution of the TME and cancer stem cells determine the fate of breast tumors. In this review, we summarize the studies providing links between the TME and the breast cancer stem cell phenotype and we discuss their specific interactions with immune cell subsets, stromal cells, and the ECM. Abstract Tumor progression involves the co-evolution of transformed cells and the milieu in which they live and expand. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a specialized subset of cells that sustain tumor growth and drive metastatic colonization. However, the cellular hierarchy in breast tumors is rather plastic, and the capacity to transition from one cell state to another depends not only on the intrinsic properties of transformed cells, but also on the interplay with their niches. It has become evident that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major player in regulating the BCSC phenotype and metastasis. The complexity of the TME is reflected in its number of players and in the interactions that they establish with each other. Multiple types of immune cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) form an intricate communication network with cancer cells, exert a highly selective pressure on the tumor, and provide supportive niches for BCSC expansion. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating these interactions is crucial to develop strategies aimed at interfering with key BCSC niche factors, which may help reducing tumor heterogeneity and impair metastasis.
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23
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Olea-Flores M, Juárez-Cruz JC, Zuñiga-Eulogio MD, Acosta E, García-Rodríguez E, Zacapala-Gomez AE, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Ortiz-Ortiz J, Ortuño-Pineda C, Navarro-Tito N. New Actors Driving the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: The Role of Leptin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1676. [PMID: 33334030 PMCID: PMC7765557 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes; physiologically, it participates in the control of appetite and energy expenditure. However, it has also been linked to tumor progression in different epithelial cancers. In this review, we describe the effect of leptin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in different study models, including in vitro, in vivo, and patient studies and in various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, lung, and ovarian cancer. The different studies report that leptin promotes the expression of mesenchymal markers and a decrease in epithelial markers, in addition to promoting EMT-related processes such as cell migration and invasion and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Finally, we report that leptin has the greatest biological relevance in EMT and tumor progression in breast, lung, prostate, esophageal, and ovarian cancer. This relationship could be due to the key role played by the enriched tumor microenvironment in adipose tissue. Together, these findings demonstrate that leptin is a key biomolecule that drives EMT and metastasis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Juan C. Juárez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Miriam D. Zuñiga-Eulogio
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Erika Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Eduardo García-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Ana E. Zacapala-Gomez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.A.M.-C.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Miguel A. Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.A.M.-C.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Julio Ortiz-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.A.M.-C.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Carlos Ortuño-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Ácidos Nucleicos y Proteinas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico;
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
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24
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Cubillos-Zapata C, Martínez-García MÁ, Díaz-García E, Jaureguizar A, Campos-Rodríguez F, Sánchez-de-la-Torre M, Nagore E, Martorell-Calatayud A, Blasco LH, Pastor E, Abad-Capa J, Montserrat JM, Cabriada-Nuño V, Cano-Pumarega I, Corral-Peñafiel J, Arias E, Mediano O, Somoza-González M, Dalmau-Arias J, Almendros I, Farré R, López-Collazo E, Gozal D, García-Río F. Obesity attenuates the effect of sleep apnea on active TGF-ß1 levels and tumor aggressiveness in patients with melanoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15528. [PMID: 32968152 PMCID: PMC7511355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Active transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine partially regulated by hypoxia and obesity, has been related with poor prognosis in several tumors. We determine whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases serum levels of active TGF-β1 in patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM), assess their relationship with melanoma aggressiveness and analyze the factors related to TGF-β1 levels in obese and non-obese OSA patients. In a multicenter observational study, 290 patients with CM were underwent sleep studies. TGF-β1 was increased in moderate-severe OSA patients vs. non-OSA or mild OSA patients with CM. In OSA patients, TGF-β1 levels correlated with mitotic index, Breslow index and melanoma growth rate, and were increased in presence of ulceration or higher Clark levels. In CM patients, OSA was associated with higher TGF-β1 levels and greater melanoma aggressiveness only in non-obese subjects. An in vitro model showed that IH-induced increases of TGF-β1 expression in melanoma cells is attenuated in the presence of high leptin levels. In conclusion, TGF-β1 levels are associated with melanoma aggressiveness in CM patients and increased in moderate-severe OSA. Moreover, in non-obese patients with OSA, TGF-β1 levels correlate with OSA severity and leptin levels, whereas only associate with leptin levels in obese OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cubillos-Zapata
- Grupo de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Díaz-García
- Grupo de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Jaureguizar
- Grupo de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Valme, IBIS, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Group of Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Dermatology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Luis Hernández Blasco
- Respiratory Department, ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento Medicina Clinica, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
| | - Esther Pastor
- Respiratory Department, Hospital San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Abad-Capa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep María Montserrat
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clinic- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jaime Corral-Peñafiel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario S. Pedro Alcántara, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Eva Arias
- Respiratory Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Mediano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | - Joan Dalmau-Arias
- Dermatology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Biofísica I Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Farré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Biofísica I Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- TumorImmunology Laboratory IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Francisco García-Río
- Grupo de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Alt EU, Wörner PM, Pfnür A, Ochoa JE, Schächtele DJ, Barabadi Z, Lang LM, Srivastav S, Burow ME, Chandrasekar B, Izadpanah R. Targeting TRAF3IP2, Compared to Rab27, is More Effective in Suppressing the Development and Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8834. [PMID: 32483202 PMCID: PMC7264196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we investigated the roles of Rab27a, a player in exosome release, and TRAF3IP2, an inflammatory mediator, in development and metastasis of breast cancer (BC) in vivo. Knockdown (KD) of Rab27a (MDAKDRab27a) or TRAF3IP2 (MDAKDTRAF3IP2) in triple negative MDA-MB231 cells reduced tumor growth by 70-97% compared to wild-type tumors (MDAw). While metastasis was detected in MDAw-injected animals, none was detected in MDAKDRab27a- or MDAKDTRAF3IP2-injected animals. Interestingly, micrometastasis was detected only in the MDAKDRab27a-injected group. In addition to inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, silencing TRAF3IP2 disrupted inter-cellular inflammatory mediator-mediated communication with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injected into contralateral mammary gland, evidenced by the lack of tumor growth at MSC-injected site. Of translational significance, treatment of pre-formed MDAw-tumors with a lentiviral-TRAF3IP2-shRNA not only regressed their size, but also prevented metastasis. These results demonstrate that while silencing Rab27a and TRAF3IP2 each inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, silencing TRAF3IP2 is more effective; targeting TRAF3IP2 inhibited tumor formation, regressed preformed tumors, and prevented both macro- and micrometastasis. Silencing TRAF3IP2 also blocked interaction between tumor cells and MSCs injected into the contralateral gland, as evidenced by the lack of tumor formation on MSCs injected site. These results identify TRAF3IP2 as a novel therapeutic target in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard U Alt
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Philipp M Wörner
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andreas Pfnür
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joana E Ochoa
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Deborah J Schächtele
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zahra Barabadi
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lea M Lang
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sudesh Srivastav
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine and Harry S. Truman Veterans Memorial Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Reza Izadpanah
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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26
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Lipsey CC, Harbuzariu A, Robey RW, Huff LM, Gottesman MM, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Leptin Signaling Affects Survival and Chemoresistance of Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3794. [PMID: 32471192 PMCID: PMC7311967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-receptor-negative breast cancer (BCER-) is mainly treated with chemotherapeutics. Leptin signaling can influence BCER- progression, but its effects on patient survival and chemoresistance are not well understood. We hypothesize that leptin signaling decreases the survival of BCER- patients by, in part, inducing the expression of chemoresistance-related genes. The correlation of expression of leptin receptor (OBR), leptin-targeted genes (CDK8, NANOG, and RBP-Jk), and breast cancer (BC) patient survival was determined from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mRNA data. Leptin-induced expression of proliferation and chemoresistance-related molecules was investigated in triple-negative BC (TNBC) cells that respond differently to chemotherapeutics. Leptin-induced gene expression in TNBC was analyzed by RNA-Seq. The specificity of leptin effects was assessed using OBR inhibitors (shRNA and peptides). The results show that OBR and leptin-targeted gene expression are associated with lower survival of BCER- patients. Importantly, the co-expression of these genes was also associated with chemotherapy failure. Leptin signaling increased the expression of tumorigenesis and chemoresistance-related genes (ABCB1, WNT4, ADHFE1, TBC1D3, LL22NC03, RDH5, and ITGB3) and impaired chemotherapeutic effects in TNBC cells. OBR inhibition re-sensitized TNBC to chemotherapeutics. In conclusion, the co-expression of OBR and leptin-targeted genes may be used as a predictor of survival and drug resistance of BCER- patients. Targeting OBR signaling could improve chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal C. Lipsey
- Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, GEBS, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (C.C.L.); (A.H.)
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.W.R.); (L.M.H.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Adriana Harbuzariu
- Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, GEBS, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (C.C.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Robert W. Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.W.R.); (L.M.H.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Lyn M. Huff
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.W.R.); (L.M.H.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Michael M. Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.W.R.); (L.M.H.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Ruben R. Gonzalez-Perez
- Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, GEBS, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (C.C.L.); (A.H.)
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27
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Sitarz K, Czamara K, Bialecka J, Klimek M, Zawilinska B, Szostek S, Kaczor A. HPV Infection Significantly Accelerates Glycogen Metabolism in Cervical Cells with Large Nuclei: Raman Microscopic Study with Subcellular Resolution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082667. [PMID: 32290479 PMCID: PMC7215571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using Raman microscopy, we investigated epithelial cervical cells collected from 96 women with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or belonging to groups I, IIa, IIID-1 and IIID-2 according to Munich III classification (IIID-1 and IIID-2 corresponding to Bethesda LSIL and HSIL groups, respectively). All women were tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection using PCR. Subcellular resolution of Raman microscopy enabled to understand phenotypic differences in a heterogeneous population of cervical cells in the following groups: I/HPV−, IIa/HPV−, IIa/HPV−, LSIL/HPV−, LSIL/HPV+, HSIL/HPV−, HSIL/HPV+ and cancer cells (SCC/HPV+). We showed for the first time that the glycogen content in the cytoplasm decreased with the nucleus size of cervical cells in all studied groups apart from the cancer group. For the subpopulation of large-nucleus cells HPV infection resulted in considerable glycogen depletion compared to HPV negative cells in IIa, LSIL (for both statistical significance, ca. 45%) and HSIL (trend, 37%) groups. We hypothesize that accelerated glycogenolysis in large-nucleus cells may be associated with the increased protein metabolism for HPV positive cells. Our work underlines unique capabilities of Raman microscopy in single cell studies and demonstrate potential of Raman-based methods in HPV diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sitarz
- Department of Virology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.); (B.Z.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Street, 30-348 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Bialecka
- Centre of Microbiological Research and Autovaccines, 17 Slawkowska Street, 31-016 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Klimek
- National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Clinic of Radiotherapy, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Barbara Zawilinska
- Department of Virology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.); (B.Z.)
| | - Slawa Szostek
- Department of Virology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.); (B.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Street, 30-348 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.K.)
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28
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Maroni P. Leptin, Adiponectin, and Sam68 in Bone Metastasis from Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031051. [PMID: 32033341 PMCID: PMC7037668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most serious aspect of neoplastic disease is the spread of cancer cells to secondary sites. Skeletal metastases can escape detection long after treatment of the primary tumour and follow-up. Bone tissue is a breeding ground for many types of cancer cells, especially those derived from the breast, prostate, and lung. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, bone metastases still have a profound impact on quality of life and survival and are often responsible for the fatal outcome of the disease. Bone and the bone marrow environment contain a wide variety of cells. No longer considered a passive filler, bone marrow adipocytes have emerged as critical contributors to cancer progression. Released by adipocytes, adipokines are soluble factors with hormone-like functions and are currently believed to affect tumour development. Src-associated in mitosis of 68 kDa (Sam68), originally discovered as a protein physically associated with and phosphorylated by c-Src during mitosis, is now recognised as an important RNA-binding protein linked to tumour onset and progression of disease. Sam68 also regulates splicing events and recent evidence reports that dysregulation of these events is a key step in neoplastic transformation and tumour progression. The present review reports recent findings on adipokines and Sam68 and their role in breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maroni
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy
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29
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Umeda S, Kanda M, Miwa T, Tanaka H, Tanaka C, Kobayashi D, Hayashi M, Yamada S, Nakayama G, Koike M, Kodera Y. Fraser extracellular matrix complex subunit 1 promotes liver metastasis of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2865-2876. [PMID: 31597194 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is often fatal in patients with gastric cancer, therefore, we aimed to identify genes associated with the mechanisms of liver metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) and to investigate their potential to predict recurrence and to serve as targets of therapy. Recurrence pattern-specific transcriptome analysis was performed to identify liver metastasis-associated genes. A stable knockout cell line was generated to investigate metabolic pathways that contribute to the malignant phenotype in vitro and vivo. Three hundred GC patients were analyzed to demonstrate an association between gene expression levels and clinicopathological parameters. As a results extracellular matrix complex subunit 1 (FRAS1) was identified as a liver metastasis-associated gene. Pathway analysis revealed that FRAS1 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of genes encoding TGFB1, MAP1B, AHNAK, BMP2, MUC1, BIRC5, MET, CDH1, RB1 and MKI67. FRAS1 expression was associated with the activation of the EGFR and PI3K signaling pathways. The proliferation ability of FRAS1 knockout cell line (FRAS1-KO) was inhibited compared to that of the parent cell line through caspase activity increment and cell cycle alteration. FRAS1-KO cells exhibited increased responsiveness to oxygen stress and diminished stemness, invasiveness, and migration. Mouse models of GC revealed decreases in tumor formation and generation of metastasis by FRAS1-KO cells. Moreover, the cumulative liver recurrence rate was significantly increased in patients with GC with high FRAS1 expression levels. We concluded that FRAS1 contributes to the malignant phenotype of GC, especially liver metastasis, and may therefore serve as a predictive marker or a target for treating liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Miwa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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30
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Olea-Flores M, Zuñiga-Eulogio M, Tacuba-Saavedra A, Bueno-Salgado M, Sánchez-Carvajal A, Vargas-Santiago Y, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Pérez Salazar E, García-Hernández A, Padilla-Benavides T, Navarro-Tito N. Leptin Promotes Expression of EMT-Related Transcription Factors and Invasion in a Src and FAK-Dependent Pathway in MCF10A Mammary Epithelial Cells. Cells 2019; 8:E1133. [PMID: 31554180 PMCID: PMC6829404 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is one of the main adipokines secreted in breast tissue. Leptin promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and invasion in epithelial breast cells, leading to tumor progression. Although, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these events are not fully understood, the activation of different signaling pathways appears to be essential. In this sense, the effects of leptin on the activation of kinases like Src and FAK, which regulate signaling pathways that activate the EMT program, are not completely described. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of these kinases using an in vitro model for leptin-induced EMT process in the non-tumorigenic MCF10A cell line. To this end, MCF10A cells were stimulated with leptin, and Src and FAK activation was assessed. Specific events occurring during EMT were also evaluated in the presence or absence of the kinases' chemical inhibitors PP2 and PF-573228. For instance, we tested the expression and subcellular localization of the EMT-related transcription factors Twist and β-catenin, by western blot and immunofluorescence. We also evaluated the secretion and activation of matrix metalloproteases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) by gelatin zymography. Invasiveness properties of leptin-stimulated cells were determined by invadopodia formation assays, and by the Transwell chamber method. Our results showed that leptin promotes EMT through Src and FAK activation, which leads to the secretion and activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9, invadopodia formation and cell invasion in MCF10A cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that leptin promotes an increase in the expression levels of Twist and β-catenin, the secretion of MMP-2, MMP-9, the invadopodia formation and invasion in MCF10A cells in a Src and FAK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, México.
| | - Miriam Zuñiga-Eulogio
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, México.
| | - Arvey Tacuba-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, México.
| | - Magdalena Bueno-Salgado
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, México.
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, México.
| | - Yovani Vargas-Santiago
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, México.
| | - Miguel A Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo México.
| | - Eduardo Pérez Salazar
- Departamento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CDMX 07360, México
| | - Alejandra García-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CDMX 07360, México
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, México.
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Barone I, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Andò S, Catalano S. The weight of obesity in breast cancer progression and metastasis: Clinical and molecular perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:274-284. [PMID: 31491560 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The escalating epidemic of overweight and obesity is currently recognized as one of the most significant health and economic concern worldwide. At the present time, over 1.9 billion adults and more than 600 million people can be, respectively, classified as overweight or obese, and numbers will continue to increase in the coming decades. This alarming scenario implies important clinical implications since excessive adiposity can progressively cause and/or exacerbate a wide spectrum of co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and even certain types of cancer, including breast cancer. Indeed, pathological remodelling of white adipose tissue and increased levels of fat-specific cytokines (mainly leptin), as a consequence of the obesity condition, have been associated with several hallmarks of breast cancer, such as sustained proliferative signaling, cellular energetics, inflammation, angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis. Different preclinical and clinical data have provided evidence indicating that obesity may worsen the incidence, the severity, and the mortality of breast cancer. In the present review, we will discuss the epidemiological connection between obesity and breast cancer progression and metastasis and we will highlight the candidate players involved in this dangerous relationship. Since the major cause of death from cancer is due to widespread metastases, understanding these complex mechanisms will provide insights for establishing new therapeutic interventions to prevent/blunt the effects of obesity and thwart breast tumor progression and metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
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Sánchez-Jiménez F, Pérez-Pérez A, de la Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V. Obesity and Breast Cancer: Role of Leptin. Front Oncol 2019; 9:596. [PMID: 31380268 PMCID: PMC6657346 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related breast cancer is an important threat that affects especially post-menopausal women. The link between obesity and breast cancer seems to be relying on the microenvironment generated at adipose tissue level, which includes inflammatory cytokines. In addition, its association with systemic endocrine changes, including hyperinsulinemia, increased estrogens levels, and hyperleptinemia may be key factors for tumor development. These factors may promote tumor initiation, tumor primary growth, tissue invasion, and metastatic progression. Although the relationship between obesity and breast cancer is already established, the different pathophysiological mechanisms involved are not clear. Obesity-related insulin resistance is a well-known risk factor for breast cancer development in post-menopausal women. However, the role of inflammation and other adipokines, especially leptin, is less studied. Leptin, like insulin, appears to be a growth factor for breast cancer cells. There exists a link between leptin and metabolism of estrogens and between leptin and other factors in a more complex network. As a result, obesity-associated hyperleptinemia has been suggested as an important mediator in the pathophysiology of breast cancer. On the other hand, recent data on the paradoxical effect of obesity on cancer immunotherapy efficacy has brought some controversy, since the proinflammatory effect of leptin may help the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that mediate leptin action may be helpful to understand the underlying processes which link obesity to breast cancer in post-menopausal women, as well as the possible role of leptin in the response to immunotherapy in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Sabol RA, Bowles AC, Côté A, Wise R, O'Donnell B, Matossian MD, Hossain FM, Burks HE, Del Valle L, Miele L, Collins-Burow BM, Burow ME, Bunnell BA. Leptin produced by obesity-altered adipose stem cells promotes metastasis but not tumorigenesis of triple-negative breast cancer in orthotopic xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:67. [PMID: 31118047 PMCID: PMC6530039 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the USA. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive subtype of breast cancer with high rates of metastasis, tumor recurrence, and resistance to therapeutics. Obesity, defined by a high body mass index (BMI), is an established risk factor for breast cancer. Women with a high BMI have increased incidence and mortality of breast cancer; however, the mechanisms(s) by which obesity promotes tumor progression are not well understood. Methods In this study, obesity-altered adipose stem cells (obASCs) were used to evaluate obesity-mediated effects of TNBC. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses of TNBC cell lines were co-cultured with six pooled donors of obASCs (BMI > 30) or ASCs isolated from lean women (lnASCs) (BMI < 25). Results We found that obASCs promote a pro-metastatic phenotype by upregulating genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promoting migration in vitro. We confirmed our findings using a TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. PDX tumors grown in the presence of obASCS in SCID/beige mice had increased circulating HLA1+ human cells as well as increased numbers of CD44+CD24− cancer stem cells in the peripheral blood. Exposure of the TNBC PDX to obASCs also increased the formation of metastases. The knockdown of leptin expression in obASCs suppressed the pro-metastatic effects of obASCs. Conclusions Leptin signaling is a potential mechanism through which obASCs promote metastasis of TNBC in both in vitro and in vivo analyses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1153-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Sabol
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alex Côté
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Rachel Wise
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Benjamen O'Donnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Margarite D Matossian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fokhrul M Hossain
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, USA.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center (LCRC), LSUSHC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hope E Burks
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center (LCRC), LSUSHC, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, USA.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center (LCRC), LSUSHC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Ghasemi A, Saeidi J, Azimi-Nejad M, Hashemy SI. Leptin-induced signaling pathways in cancer cell migration and invasion. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:243-260. [PMID: 30877623 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that obesity is associated with tumor development and progression. Leptin is an adipocyte-related hormone with a key role in energy metabolism and whose circulating levels are elevated in obesity. The effect of leptin on cancer progression and metastasis and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Leptin can impact various steps in tumor metastasis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and proteolysis of ECM components. To do so, leptin binds to its receptor (OB-Rb) to activate signaling pathways and downstream effectors that participate in tumor cell invasion as well as distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we describe metastasis steps in detail and characterize metastasis-related molecules activated by leptin, which may help to develop a roadmap that guides future work. In addition, we conclude that a profound understanding of the fundamental molecular processes that contribute to leptin-induced metastasis may pave the way for the development of new prognostic molecules and appropriate approaches to the treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nejad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Nyasani E, Munir I, Perez M, Payne K, Khan S. Linking obesity-induced leptin-signaling pathways to common endocrine-related cancers in women. Endocrine 2019; 63:3-17. [PMID: 30218381 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is related to many major diseases and cancers. Women have higher rates of obesity and obesity is linked to commonly occurring cancers in women. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the unique mechanism(s) involved in each type of cancer. The objective of this review is to highlight the need for novel experimental approaches and a better understanding of the common and unique pathways to resolve controversies regarding the role of obesity in cancer. In women, there is a link between hormones and obesity-associated genes in cancer development. Leptin is an obesity-associated gene that has been studied extensively in cancers; however, whether the defect is in the leptin gene or in its signaling pathways remains unclear. Both leptin and its receptor have been positively correlated with cancer progression in some endocrine-related cancers in women. This review offers an up-to-date and cohesive review of both upstream and downstream pathways of leptin signaling in cancer and a comprehensive picture of cancer pathogenesis in light of current evidence of leptin effects in several major types of cancer. This work is intended to aid in the design of better therapeutic strategies for obese/overweight women with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Nyasani
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Iqbal Munir
- Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Mia Perez
- Department of Pathology & Human Anatomy, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Kimberly Payne
- Department of Pathology & Human Anatomy, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Salma Khan
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Olea-Flores M, Juárez-Cruz JC, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Padilla-Benavides T, Navarro-Tito N. Signaling Pathways Induced by Leptin during Epithelial⁻Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3493. [PMID: 30404206 PMCID: PMC6275018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that is overexpressed in obese and overweight people. Interestingly, women with breast cancer present high levels of leptin and of its receptor ObR. Leptin plays an important role in breast cancer progression due to the biological processes it participates in, such as epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT consists of a series of orchestrated events in which cell⁻cell and cell⁻extracellular matrix interactions are altered and lead to the release of epithelial cells from the surrounding tissue. The cytoskeleton is also re-arranged, allowing the three-dimensional movement of epithelial cells into the extracellular matrix. This transition provides cells with the ability to migrate and invade adjacent or distal tissues, which is a classic feature of invasive or metastatic carcinoma cells. In recent years, the number of cases of breast cancer has increased, making this disease a public health problem worldwide and the leading cause of death due to cancer in women. In this review, we focus on recent advances that establish: (1) leptin as a risk factor for the development of breast cancer, and (2) leptin as an inducer of EMT, an event that promotes tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
| | - Juan Carlos Juárez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
| | - Miguel A Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
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da Rocha RG, Santos EMS, Santos EM, Gomes ESB, Ramos GV, Aguiar KM, Gonçalves BR, Santos SHS, De Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS, Farias LC. Leptin impairs the therapeutic effect of ionizing radiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 48:17-23. [PMID: 30290014 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leptin, an important hormone controlling energy homeostasis, has been linked to the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Evidence indicates that head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy show decreased leptin levels after radiotherapy treatment. Thus, we investigated, through phenotypic and molecular analyses, whether leptin can compromise the therapeutic effect of ionizing radiation and neoplastic behavior of OSCC cells. METHODS The human OSCC-derived cell lines SCC9 and SCC4 were treated with human recombinant leptin and exposed to 6 Gy of irradiation. We performed the in vitro assays of cell migration, death, proliferation, and colony-forming ability. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and proteome analysis by mass spectrometry were also conducted. RESULTS Leptin was able to increase cell proliferation, migration, and colony-forming ability, despite the suppressive effect induced by irradiation. Furthermore, the leptin promoted a significant reduction of ROS intracellular accumulation, and increased expression of the cancer-related proteins, as ACTC1, KRT6A, and EEF2 in irradiated OSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that leptin impairs responsivity of OSCC cells to the ionizing radiation, reducing the suppressive effects of irradiation on the neoplastic phenotype, and increasing protein expression critical to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Gonçalves da Rocha
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliane Macedo Sobrinho Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - Campus Araçuaí, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eloá Mangabeira Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emisael Stênio Batista Gomes
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Veloso Ramos
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Marini Aguiar
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Food Engineering College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista De Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hillers LE, D'Amato JV, Chamberlin T, Paderta G, Arendt LM. Obesity-Activated Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Promote Breast Cancer Growth and Invasion. Neoplasia 2018; 20:1161-1174. [PMID: 30317122 PMCID: PMC6187054 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese women diagnosed with breast cancer have an increased risk for metastasis, and the underlying mechanisms are not well established. Within the mammary gland, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are heterogeneous cells with the capacity to differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages. To study the effects of obesity on ASCs, mice were fed a control diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity, and ASCs were isolated from the mammary glands of lean and obese mice. We observed that obesity increased ASCs proliferation, decreased differentiation potential, and upregulated expression of α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of activated fibroblasts, compared to ASCs from lean mice. To determine how ASCs from obese mice impacted tumor growth, we mixed ASCs isolated from CD- or HFD-fed mice with mammary tumor cells and injected them into the mammary glands of lean mice. Tumor cells mixed with ASCs from obese mice grew significantly larger tumors and had increased invasion into surrounding adipose tissue than tumor cells mixed with control ASCs. ASCs from obese mice demonstrated enhanced tumor cell invasion in culture, a phenotype associated with increased expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and abrogated by IGF-1 neutralizing antibodies. Weight loss induced in obese mice significantly decreased expression of IGF-1 from ASCs and reduced the ability of the ASCs to induce an invasive phenotype. Together, these results suggest that obesity enhances local invasion of breast cancer cells through increased expression of IGF-1 by mammary ASCs, and weight loss may reverse this tumor-promoting phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Hillers
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Joseph V D'Amato
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Tamara Chamberlin
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Gretchen Paderta
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Lisa M Arendt
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706; Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706.
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Bowers LW, Rossi EL, McDonell SB, Doerstling SS, Khatib SA, Lineberger CG, Albright JE, Tang X, deGraffenried LA, Hursting SD. Leptin Signaling Mediates Obesity-Associated CSC Enrichment and EMT in Preclinical TNBC Models. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:869-879. [PMID: 29453319 PMCID: PMC5967653 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Preclinical models of TNBC were used to test the hypothesis that increased leptin signaling drives obesity-associated TNBC development by promoting cancer stem cell (CSC) enrichment and/or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice, which develop spontaneous basal-like, triple-negative mammary tumors, received either a control diet (10% kcal from fat) or a diet-induced obesity regimen (DIO, 60% kcal from fat) for up to 42 weeks (n = 15/group). Mice were monitored for tumor development and euthanized when tumor diameter reached 1.5 cm. Tumoral gene expression was assessed via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). DIO mice had greater body weight and percent body fat at termination than controls. DIO mice, versus controls, demonstrated reduced survival, increased systemic metabolic and inflammatory perturbations, upregulated tumoral CSC/EMT gene signature, elevated tumoral aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (a CSC marker), and greater leptin signaling. In cell culture experiments using TNBC cells (murine: E-Wnt and M-Wnt; human: MDA-MB-231), leptin enhanced mammosphere formation, and media supplemented with serum from DIO versus control mice increased cell viability, migration, invasion, and CSC- and EMT-related gene expression, including Foxc2, Twist2, Vim, Akt3, and Sox2 In E-Wnt cells, knockdown of leptin receptor ablated these procancer effects induced by DIO mouse serum. These findings indicate that increased leptin signaling is causally linked to obesity-associated TNBC development by promoting CSC enrichment and EMT.Implications: Leptin-associated signals impacting CSC and EMT may provide new targets and intervention strategies for decreasing TNBC burden in obese women. Mol Cancer Res; 16(5); 869-79. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Emily L Rossi
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shannon B McDonell
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Subreen A Khatib
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Claire G Lineberger
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jody E Albright
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Xiaohu Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | | | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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40
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Leptin signaling axis specifically associates with clinical prognosis and is multifunctional in regulating cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17210-17219. [PMID: 29682217 PMCID: PMC5908318 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a peptide hormone that has been characterized as the ligand of leptin receptor (LEPR). The observation of leptin secretion and leptin receptor expression beyond the normal tissues suggests the potentially critical roles other than its physiological function. In addition to the original function in controlling appetite and energy expenditure, leptin-mediated signaling axis through leptin receptor is multifunctional which plays role in the regulation toward broad types of cancer. Emerging evidences has indicated leptin's function in promoting several processes which are relevant to cancer progression including cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. We relatively display leptin and leptin receptor expression levels in pan-cancer panel based on the transcriptome analysis via dataset The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and show the clinical association of the axis in predicting cancer prognosis. The results indicate the pathological impacts of this axis on many types of cancer. This review mainly focuses on leptin-mediated effects and its downstream signaling related to the progression of cancers, and displays the clinical significance of this axis including the impact on cancer patient survival.
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Mentoor I, Engelbrecht AM, van Jaarsveld PJ, Nell T. Chemoresistance: Intricate Interplay Between Breast Tumor Cells and Adipocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:758. [PMID: 30619088 PMCID: PMC6297254 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess adipose tissue is a hallmark of an overweight and/or obese state as well as a primary risk factor for breast cancer development and progression. In an overweight/obese state adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional due to rapid hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and immune cell infiltration which is associated with sustained low-grade inflammation originating from dysfunctional adipokine synthesis. Evidence also supports the role of excess adipose tissue (overweight/obesity) as a casual factor for the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Obesity-mediated effects/modifications may contribute to chemotherapeutic drug resistance by altering drug pharmacokinetics, inducing chronic inflammation, as well as altering tumor-associated adipocyte adipokine secretion. Adipocytes in the breast tumor microenvironment enhance breast tumor cell survival and decrease the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in chemotherapeutic resistance. A well-know chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin, has shown to negatively impact adipose tissue homeostasis, affecting adipose tissue/adipocyte functionality and storage. Here, it is implied that doxorubicin disrupts adipose tissue homeostasis affecting the functionality of adipose tissue/adipocytes. Although evidence on the effects of doxorubicin on adipose tissue/adipocytes under obesogenic conditions are lacking, this narrative review explores the potential role of obesity in breast cancer progression and treatment resistance with inflammation as an underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Mentoor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Paul J. van Jaarsveld
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Theo Nell
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Dalasanur Nagaprashantha L, Adhikari R, Singhal J, Chikara S, Awasthi S, Horne D, Singhal SS. Translational opportunities for broad-spectrum natural phytochemicals and targeted agent combinations in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:658-670. [PMID: 28975625 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) prevention and therapy in the context of life-style risk factors and biological drivers is a major focus of developmental therapeutics in oncology. Obesity, alcohol, chronic estrogen signaling and smoking have distinct BC precipitating and facilitating effects that may act alone or in combination. A spectrum of signaling events including enhanced oxidative stress and changes in estrogen-receptor (ER)-dependent and -independent signaling drive the progression of BC. Breast tumors modulate ERα/ERβ ratio, upregulate proliferative pathways driven by ERα and HER2 with a parallel loss and/or downregulation of tumor suppressors such as TP53 and PTEN which together impact the efficacy of therapeutic strategies and frequently lead to emergence of drug resistance. Natural phytochemicals modulate oxidative stress, leptin, integrin, HER2, MAPK, ERK, Wnt/β-catenin and NFκB signaling along with regulating ERα and ERβ, thereby presenting unique opportunities for both primary and combinatorial interventions in BC. In this regard, this article focuses on critical analyses of the evidence from multiple studies on the efficacy of natural phytochemicals in BC. In addition, areas in which the combinations of such effective natural phytochemicals with approved and/or developing anticancer agents can be translationally beneficial are discussed to derive evidence-based inference for addressing challenges in BC control and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Shireen Chikara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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Ray A, Cleary MP. The potential role of leptin in tumor invasion and metastasis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 38:80-97. [PMID: 29158066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipocyte-released hormone-like cytokine/adipokine leptin behaves differently in obesity compared to its functions in the normal healthy state. In obese individuals, elevated leptin levels act as a pro-inflammatory adipokine and are associated with certain types of cancers. Further, a growing body of evidence suggests that higher circulating leptin concentrations and/or elevated expression of leptin receptors (Ob-R) in tumors may be poor prognostic factors. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms of leptin's association with poor prognosis are not clear, leptin can impact the tumor microenvironment in several ways. For example, leptin is associated with a number of biological components that could lead to tumor cell invasion and distant metastasis. This includes interactions with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, tumor promoting effects of infiltrating macrophages, activation of matrix metalloproteinases, transforming growth factor-β signaling, etc. Recent studies also have shown that leptin plays a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, an important phenomenon for cancer cell migration and/or metastasis. Furthermore, leptin's potentiating effects on insulin-like growth factor-I, epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2/neu have been reported. Regarding unfavorable prognosis, leptin has been shown to influence both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Features of poor prognosis such as tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis have been recorded in several cancer types with higher levels of leptin and/or Ob-R. This review will describe the current scenario in a precise manner. In general, obesity indicates poor prognosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA 15601, United States
| | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, United States.
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Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Samarakoon SR, Thabrew I, de Silva ED. Protective Effects of Six Selected Dietary Compounds against Leptin-Induced Proliferation of Oestrogen Receptor Positive (MCF-7) Breast Cancer Cells. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4030056. [PMID: 28930270 PMCID: PMC5622391 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is considered as one of the risk factors for breast cancer. Leptin has been found to be involved in breast cancer progression. Therefore, novel approaches to antagonize biological effects of leptin are much needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of six dietary compounds (quercetin, curcumin, gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ascorbic acid and catechin) and assess the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in leptin-stimulated MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro. Methods: MCF-7 cells were exposed to leptin, leptin and compound and compound alone for 48 h. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT and fluorometric assays after 48 h incubation. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was quantified by ELISA. Results: Only quercetin, curcumin and EGCG showed significant protective effects against leptin-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to leptin was reduced by the addition of quercetin, curcumin and EGCG. Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of obesity, this observation provides a rationale for use of curcumin, quercetin and EGCG as antagonists of leptin in the treatment of obese breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sameera Ranganath Samarakoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Ira Thabrew
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - E Dilip de Silva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
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