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Buttler L, Tiede A, Griemsmann M, Rieland H, Mauz J, Kahlhöfer J, Wedemeyer H, Cornberg M, Tergast TL, Maasoumy B, Hupa-Breier KL. Folic acid supplementation is associated with a decreased mortality and reduced hospital readmission in patients with decompensated alcohol-related liver cirrhosis. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1719-1727. [PMID: 38909513 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Thiamine and folic acid malnutrition is highly frequent in patients with decompensated alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (aLC). Current guidelines therefore recommend vitamin supplementation in these patients. However, implementation and its impact on the clinical outcome remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the use of thiamine and folic acid and their effects on mortality and morbidity in patients with decompensated aLC. METHODS A number of 289 consecutive patients with decompensated aLC who received a paracentesis at Hannover Medical School between 2011 and 2023 were retrospectively investigated. The use of folic acid and thiamine-containing supplements was assessed in the discharge medication. Patients were followed for up to one year regarding liver transplant (LTx)-free survival and the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, infections and hepatic decompensation requiring rehospitalization. RESULTS Median baseline MELD was 15, median age 56.6 years. 73.0% (n = 211) were male patients. At hospital discharge, thiamine-containing supplements and folic acid were prescribed to 48.1% (n = 139) and 18.0% (n = 52) patients, respectively. Neither thiamine nor folic acid prescription were linked to improved clinical outcomes within 90 days. However, folic acid intake was associated with a higher one-year LTx-free survival (HR = 0.48; p = 0.04) in the multivariable analysis. Furthermore, folic acid substitution was linked to a decreased risk of rehospitalization within one year (HR = 0.55; p = 0.01) in the multivariable competing risk model. In contrast, thiamine prescription did neither affect LTx-free survival nor the here investigated liver-related complications. CONCLUSION Folic acid, but not thiamine substitution was linked to an improved outcome in patients with decompensated aLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buttler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anja Tiede
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marie Griemsmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hannah Rieland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jim Mauz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Julia Kahlhöfer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), HepNet Study-House/ German Liver Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany; RESIST Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Tammo L Tergast
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Maasoumy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Katharina L Hupa-Breier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Feldman HH, Luchsinger JA, Léger GC, Taylor C, Jacobs DM, Salmon DP, Edland SD, Messer K, Revta C, Flowers SA, Jones KS, Koulman A, Yarasheski KE, Verghese PB, Venkatesh V, Zetterberg H, Durant J, Lupo JL, Gibson GE. Protocol for a seamless phase 2A-phase 2B randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of benfotiamine in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (BenfoTeam). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302998. [PMID: 38809849 PMCID: PMC11135745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benfotiamine provides an important novel therapeutic direction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with possible additive or synergistic effects to amyloid targeting therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE To conduct a seamless phase 2A-2B proof of concept trial investigating tolerability, safety, and efficacy of benfotiamine, a prodrug of thiamine, as a first-in-class small molecule oral treatment for early AD. METHODS This is the protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 72-week clinical trial of benfotiamine in 406 participants with early AD. Phase 2A determines the highest safe and well-tolerated dose of benfotiamine to be carried forward to phase 2B. During phase 2A, real-time monitoring of pre-defined safety stopping criteria in the first approximately 150 enrollees will help determine which dose (600 mg or 1200 mg) will be carried forward into phase 2B. The phase 2A primary analysis will test whether the rate of tolerability events (TEs) is unacceptably high in the high-dose arm compared to placebo. The primary safety endpoint in phase 2A is the rate of TEs compared between active and placebo arms, at each dose. The completion of phase 2A will seamlessly transition to phase 2B without pausing or stopping the trial. Phase 2B will assess efficacy and longer-term safety of benfotiamine in a larger group of participants through 72 weeks of treatment, at the selected dose. The co-primary efficacy endpoints in phase 2B are CDR-Sum of Boxes and ADAS-Cog13. Secondary endpoints include safety and tolerability measures; pharmacokinetic measures of thiamine and its esters, erythrocyte transketolase activity as blood markers of efficacy of drug delivery; ADCS-ADL-MCI; and MoCA. CONCLUSION The BenfoTeam trial utilizes an innovative seamless phase 2A-2B design to achieve proof of concept. It includes an adaptive dose decision rule, thus optimizing exposure to the highest and best-tolerated dose. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06223360, registered on January 25, 2024. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06223360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard H. Feldman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - José A. Luchsinger
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gabriel C. Léger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Curtis Taylor
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Jacobs
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - David P. Salmon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Edland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Messer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Revta
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Flowers
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kerry S. Jones
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Koulman
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Venky Venkatesh
- C2N Diagnostics, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - January Durant
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jody-Lynn Lupo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gary E. Gibson
- Burke Neurological Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, New York, United States of America
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Wen A, Zhu Y, Yee SW, Park BI, Giacomini KM, Greenberg AS, Newman JW. The Impacts of Slc19a3 Deletion and Intestinal SLC19A3 Insertion on Thiamine Distribution and Brain Metabolism in the Mouse. Metabolites 2023; 13:885. [PMID: 37623829 PMCID: PMC10456376 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Thiamine Transporter 2 (THTR2) encoded by SLC19A3 plays an ill-defined role in the maintenance of tissue thiamine, thiamine monophosphate, and thiamine diphosphate (TDP) levels. To evaluate the impact of THTR2 on tissue thiamine status and metabolism, we expressed the human SLC19A3 transgene in the intestine of total body Slc19a3 knockout (KO) mice. Male and female wildtype (WT) and transgenic (TG) mice were fed either 17 mg/kg (1×) or 85 mg/kg (5×) thiamine hydrochloride diet, while KOs were only fed the 5× diet. Thiamine vitamers in plasma, red blood cells, duodenum, brain, liver, kidney, heart, and adipose tissue were measured. Untargeted metabolomics were performed on the brain tissues of groups with equivalent plasma thiamine. KO mice had ~two- and ~three-fold lower plasma and brain thiamine levels than WT on the 5× diet. Circulating vitamers were sensitive to diet and equivalent in TG and WT mice. However, TG had 60% lower thiamine but normal brain TDP levels regardless of diet, with subtle differences in the heart and liver. The loss of THTR2 reduced levels of nucleic acid and amino acid derivatives in the brain. Therefore, mutation or inhibition of THTR2 may alter the brain metabolome and reduce the thiamine reservoir for TDP biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Wen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 92521, USA
| | - Brian I. Park
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 92521, USA
| | - Andrew S. Greenberg
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - John W. Newman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Arianti R, Ágnes Vinnai B, Győry F, Guba A, Csősz É, Kristóf E, Fésüs L. Availability of abundant thiamine determines efficiency of thermogenic activation in human neck area derived adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109385. [PMID: 37230255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Brown/beige adipocytes express uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) that enables them to dissipate energy as heat. Systematic activation of this process can alleviate obesity. Human brown adipose tissues are interspersed in distinct anatomical regions including deep neck. We found that UCP1 enriched adipocytes differentiated from precursors of this depot highly expressed ThTr2 transporter of thiamine and consumed thiamine during thermogenic activation of these adipocytes by cAMP which mimics adrenergic stimulation. Inhibition of ThTr2 led to lower thiamine consumption with decreased proton leak respiration reflecting reduced uncoupling. In the absence of thiamine, cAMP-induced uncoupling was diminished but restored by thiamine addition reaching the highest levels at thiamine concentrations larger than present in human blood plasma. Thiamine is converted to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) in cells; the addition of TPP to permeabilized adipocytes increased uncoupling fueled by TPP-dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase. ThTr2 inhibition also hampered cAMP-dependent induction of UCP1, PGC1a, and other browning marker genes, and thermogenic induction of these genes was potentiated by thiamine in a concentration dependent manner. Our study reveals the importance of amply supplied thiamine during thermogenic activation in human adipocytes which provides TPP for TPP-dependent enzymes not fully saturated with this cofactor and by potentiating the induction of thermogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Arianti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Ágnes Vinnai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Győry
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Guba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre Kristóf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Thiamine insufficiency induces Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α as an upstream mediator for neurotoxicity and AD-like pathology. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103785. [PMID: 36241022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficiencies of the micronutrient thiamine (Vitamin B1) have been associated with inducing Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathology. The hypometabolic state associated with chronic thiamine insufficiency (TI) has been demonstrated to be a contributor towards the development of amyloid plaque deposition and neurotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying TI induced AD pathology is still unresolved. Previously, we have established that TI stabilizes the metabolic stress transcriptional factor, Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF1α). Utilizing neuronal hippocampal cells (HT22), TI-induced HIF1α activation triggered the amyloidogenic cascade through transcriptional expression and increased activity of β-secretase (BACE1). Knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of HIF1α during TI significantly reduced BACE1 and C-terminal Fragment of 99 amino acids (C99) formation. TI also increased the expression of the HIF1α regulated pro-apoptotic protein, BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein (BNIP3). Correspondingly, cell toxicity during TI conditions was significantly reduced with HIF1α and BNIP3 knockdown. The role of BNIP3 in TI-mediated toxicity was further highlighted by localization of dimeric BNIP3 into the mitochondria and nuclear accumulation of Endonuclease G. Subsequently, TI decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced chromatin fragmentation. However, cell toxicity via the HIF1α/BNIP3 cascade required TI induced oxidative stress. HIF1α, BACE1 and BNIP3 expression was induced in 3xTg-AD mice after TI and administration with the HIF1α inhibitor YC1 significantly attenuated HIF1α and target genes levels in vivo. Overall, these findings demonstrate a critical stress response during TI involving the induction of HIF1α transcriptional activity that directly promotes neurotoxicity and AD-like pathology.
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Miyake K, Yasujima T, Takahashi S, Yamashiro T, Yuasa H. Identification of the amino acid residues involved in the species-dependent differences in the pyridoxine transport function of SLC19A3. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102161. [PMID: 35724964 PMCID: PMC9293782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that human solute carrier SLC19A3 (hSLC19A3) can transport pyridoxine (vitamin B6) in addition to thiamine (vitamin B1), its originally identified substrate, whereas rat and mouse orthologs of hSLC19A3 can transport thiamine but not pyridoxine. This finding implies that some amino acid residues required for pyridoxine transport, but not for thiamine transport, are specific to hSLC19A3. Here, we sought to identify these residues to help clarify the unique operational mechanism of SLC19A3 through analyses comparing hSLC19A3 and mouse Slc19a3 (mSlc19a3). For our analyses, hSLC19A3 mutants were prepared by replacing selected amino acid residues with their counterparts in mSlc19a3, and mSlc19a3 mutants were prepared by substituting selected residues with their hSLC19A3 counterparts. We assessed pyridoxine and thiamine transport by these mutants in transiently transfected HEK293 cells. Our analyses indicated that the hSLC19A3-specific amino acid residues of Gln86, Gly87, Ile91, Thr93, Trp94, Ser168, and Asn173 are critical for pyridoxine transport. These seven amino acid residues were found to be mostly conserved in the SLC19A3 orthologs that can transport pyridoxine, but not in orthologs that are unable to transport pyridoxine. In addition, these residues were also found to be conserved in several SLC19A2 orthologs, including rat, mouse, and human orthologs, which were all found to effectively transport both pyridoxine and thiamine, exhibiting no species-dependent differences. Together, these findings provide a molecular basis for the unique functional characteristics of SLC19A3 and also of SLC19A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Miyake
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yasujima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Syunsuke Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamashiro
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yuasa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease is known as one of the fastest growing lethal diseases worldwide where we have limited and undesired ways for regulating its pathological progress. Now-a-days, nutritional compounds have been using to treat several brain disorders and one of them; vitamins were strongly reported to combat cognition and memory deterioration in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Objective: Here, the author tried to find the precise physiological roles, status, and worth of vitamins in the brain and how exactly these nutrients modulate progression of Alzheimer's disease. Results & Discussion: After a comprehensive and systematic literature review, the author reports that vitamins have various targets in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by which they act to avert the neuronal dysfunction in the disease. Several Alzheimer's disease-associated neurological deficits have reported regulating by vitamin intake but the beneficial effects identified mostly in combinatorial and long-term studies. Conclusion: In this way, the author suggests that it might be better to test vitamins with other components over single vitamin approach for a compatible and synergistic effect as well as using a combination of vitamin with other compounds can target multiple pathways. This strategy may help in deteriorating memory dysfunction and cognition impairment in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology.Abbreviations: APOE: apolipoprotein E; APP: amyloid precursor protein; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; Aβ- β-amyloid; cGMP: cyclic guanine monophosphate; CNS: central nervous system; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; IU: international units; RA: retinoic acid; RAR: retinoic acid receptor; RNA: ribonucleic acid; ROS: reactive oxygen species; tHcy: total homocysteine; α: alpha; β: beta; γ: gama; ε: epsilon; g: gram; µ: micron; mg: milligram; ⬆: increased,⬇: decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India.,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Kim HJ, Lee H, Lee Y, Choi I, Ko Y, Lee S, Jang S. The ThiL enzyme is a valid antibacterial target essential for both thiamine biosynthesis and salvage pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10081-10091. [PMID: 32404369 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is an essential cofactor for various pivotal cellular processes in all living organisms, including bacteria. Thiamine biosynthesis occurs in bacteria but not in humans; therefore, the enzymes in this pathway are attractive targets for antibiotic development. Among these enzymes, thiamine monophosphate kinase (ThiL) catalyzes the final step of this pathway, phosphorylating thiamine monophosphate to produce TPP. Here, we extensively investigated ThiL in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections. We demonstrate that thiL deletion abolishes not only thiamine biosynthesis but also thiamine salvage capability and results in growth defects of the ΔthiL strain even in the presence of thiamine derivatives, except for TPP. Most importantly, the pathogenesis of the ΔthiL strain was markedly attenuated, compared with that of WT cells, with lower inflammatory cytokine induction and 103-104-fold decreased bacterial loads in an in vivo infection model in which the intracellular TPP level was in the submicromolar range. To validate P. aeruginosa ThiL (PaThiL) as a drug target, we further characterized its biochemical properties, determining a V max of 4.0 ± 0.2 nmol·min-1 and Km values of 111 ± 8 and 8.0 ± 3.5 μm for ATP and thiamine monophosphate, respectively. An in vitro small-molecule screening assay identified PaThiL inhibitors including WAY213613, a noncompetitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 13.4 ± 2.3 μm and potential antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa These comprehensive biological and biochemical results indicate that PaThiL represents a potential drug target for the development of an augmented repertoire of antibiotics against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmi Lee
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Translation Research Department, Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonae Ko
- Translation Research Department, Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Translation Research Department, Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Jang
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Sun K, Meng Z, Chen L. The SLC transporter in nutrient and metabolic sensing, regulation, and drug development. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:1-13. [PMID: 30239845 PMCID: PMC6359923 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic diseases is growing worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that solute carrier (SLC) transporters contribute to the etiology of various metabolic diseases. Consistent with metabolic characteristics, the top five organs in which SLC transporters are highly expressed are the kidney, brain, liver, gut, and heart. We aim to understand the molecular mechanisms of important SLC transporter-mediated physiological processes and their potentials as drug targets. SLC transporters serve as ‘metabolic gate’ of cells and mediate the transport of a wide range of essential nutrients and metabolites such as glucose, amino acids, vitamins, neurotransmitters, and inorganic/metal ions. Gene-modified animal models have demonstrated that SLC transporters participate in many important physiological functions including nutrient supply, metabolic transformation, energy homeostasis, tissue development, oxidative stress, host defense, and neurological regulation. Furthermore, the human genomic studies have identified that SLC transporters are susceptible or causative genes in various diseases like cancer, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, immunological disorders, and neurological dysfunction. Importantly, a number of SLC transporters have been successfully targeted for drug developments. This review will focus on the current understanding of SLCs in regulating physiology, nutrient sensing and uptake, and risk of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Biotechnology and Application Research Center, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This is a review of the research on the effectiveness of vitamin supplementation for alcoholism and alcohol-related illnesses. The focus is on research, both clinical and basic on alcohol treatment and nutritional effectiveness of these vital nutrients. RECENT FINDINGS Most of the research involves basic experiments exploring the impact of vitamin depletion or deficits on physiological systems, especially liver and brain, in rodents. These often include behavioral measures that use cognitive, learning/memory and motivation experiments that model clinical studies. These provide support for hypotheses concerning the impact of such deficiencies in clinical populations. Clinical studies are rare and involve evaluation of the outcome of supplementation usually in the context of a treatment program. Specific vitamins, dosages and treatment programs vary. Deficiencies in retinoids (vitamin A), thiamine (B1) and niacin (B3) are the most frequently investigated. However, there is a greater need for further research on other vitamins, and for more uniform supplementation and treatment procedures. SUMMARY The literature is primarily basic research on specific vitamins. There are very significant findings with individual vitamin supplementation and combinations that show promise of our understanding of the role of vitamins in the disease of alcoholism and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, USA
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11
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Medeiros RDCN, Moraes JO, Rodrigues SDC, Pereira LM, Aguiar HQDS, de Cordova CAS, Yim Júnior A, de Cordova FM. Thiamine Deficiency Modulates p38 MAPK and Heme Oxygenase-1 in Mouse Brain: Association with Early Tissue and Behavioral Changes. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:940-955. [PMID: 31989470 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency (TD) produces severe neurodegenerative lesions. Studies have suggested that primary neurodegenerative events are associated with both oxidative stress and inflammation. Very little is known about the downstream effects on intracellular signaling pathways involved in neuronal death. The primary aim of this work was to evaluate the modulation of p38MAPK and the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the central nervous system (CNS). Behavioral, metabolic, and morphological parameters were assessed. Mice were separated into six groups: control (Cont), TD with pyrithiamine (Ptd), TD with pyrithiamine and Trolox (Ptd + Tr), TD with pyrithiamine and dimethyl sulfoxide (Ptd + Dmso), Trolox (Tr) and DMSO (Dmso) control groups and treated for 9 days. Control groups received standard feed (AIN-93M), while TD groups received thiamine deficient feed (AIN-93DT). All the groups were subjected to behavioral tests, and CNS samples were collected for cell viability, histopathology and western blot analyses. The Ptd group showed a reduction in weight gain and feed intake, as well as a reduction in locomotor, grooming, and motor coordination activities. Also, Ptd group showed a robust increase in p38MAPK phosphorylation and mild HO-1 expression in the cerebral cortex and thalamus. The Ptd group showed a decreased cell viability, hemorrhage, spongiosis, and astrocytic swelling in the thalamus. Groups treated with Trolox and DMSO displayed diminished p38MAPK phosphorylation in both the structures, as well as attenuated thalamic lesions and behavioral activities. These data suggest that p38MAPK and HO-1 are involved in the TD-induced neurodegeneration in vivo, possibly modulated by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Noronha Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Oliveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | | | - Leidiano Martins Pereira
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | - Helen Quézia da Silva Aguiar
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Yim Júnior
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Mendes de Cordova
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil.
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12
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Gibson GE, Luchsinger JA, Cirio R, Chen H, Franchino-Elder J, Hirsch JA, Bettendorff L, Chen Z, Flowers SA, Gerber LM, Grandville T, Schupf N, Xu H, Stern Y, Habeck C, Jordan B, Fonzetti P. Benfotiamine and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:989-1010. [PMID: 33074237 PMCID: PMC7880246 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preclinical models, benfotiamine efficiently ameliorates the clinical and biological pathologies that define Alzheimer's disease (AD) including impaired cognition, amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, diminished glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, increased advanced glycation end products (AGE), and inflammation. OBJECTIVE To collect preliminary data on feasibility, safety, and efficacy in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or mild dementia due to AD in a placebo-controlled trial of benfotiamine. METHODS A twelve-month treatment with benfotiamine tested whether clinical decline would be delayed in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group. The primary clinical outcome was the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog). Secondary outcomes were the clinical dementia rating (CDR) score and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, measured with brain positron emission tomography (PET). Blood AGE were examined as an exploratory outcome. RESULTS Participants were treated with benfotiamine (34) or placebo (36). Benfotiamine treatment was safe. The increase in ADAS-Cog was 43% lower in the benfotiamine group than in the placebo group, indicating less cognitive decline, and this effect was nearly statistically significant (p = 0.125). Worsening in CDR was 77% lower (p = 0.034) in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group, and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Benfotiamine significantly reduced increases in AGE (p = 0.044), and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Exploratory analysis derivation of an FDG PET pattern score showed a treatment effect at one year (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Oral benfotiamine is safe and potentially efficacious in improving cognitive outcomes among persons with MCI and mild AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E. Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - José A. Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph A. Hirsch
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
- Burke Rehabilitation Hospital, White Plains, NY, USA
- Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucien Bettendorff
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A. Flowers
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Linda M. Gerber
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicole Schupf
- Mailman School of Public Health, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, GH Sergievsky Center, the Taub Institute for the Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Habeck
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Jordan
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pasquale Fonzetti
- Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY; Westmed Medical Group White Plains NY
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13
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Marcé-Grau A, Martí-Sánchez L, Baide-Mairena H, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Pérez-Dueñas B. Genetic defects of thiamine transport and metabolism: A review of clinical phenotypes, genetics, and functional studies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:581-597. [PMID: 31095747 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine is a crucial cofactor involved in the maintenance of carbohydrate metabolism and participates in multiple cellular metabolic processes within the cytosol, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Currently, four genetic defects have been described causing impairment of thiamine transport and metabolism: SLC19A2 dysfunction leads to diabetes mellitus, megaloblastic anemia and sensory-neural hearing loss, whereas SLC19A3, SLC25A19, and TPK1-related disorders result in recurrent encephalopathy, basal ganglia necrosis, generalized dystonia, severe disability, and early death. In order to achieve early diagnosis and treatment, biomarkers play an important role. SLC19A3 patients present a profound decrease of free-thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and fibroblasts. TPK1 patients show decreased concentrations of thiamine pyrophosphate in blood and muscle. Thiamine supplementation has been shown to improve diabetes and anemia control in Rogers' syndrome patients due to SLC19A2 deficiency. In a significant number of patients with SLC19A3, thiamine improves clinical outcome and survival, and prevents further metabolic crisis. In SLC25A19 and TPK1 defects, thiamine has also led to clinical stabilization in single cases. Moreover, thiamine supplementation leads to normal concentrations of free-thiamine in the CSF of SLC19A3 patients. Herein, we present a literature review of the current knowledge of the disease including related clinical phenotypes, treatment approaches, update of pathogenic variants, as well as in vitro and in vivo functional models that provide pathogenic evidence and propose mechanisms for thiamine deficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marcé-Grau
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebron and Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Martí-Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heidy Baide-Mairena
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebron and Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebron and Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biochemical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
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14
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Harada D, Nakayama M. Influence of Glucose Dosage in Parenteral Nutrition on Body Thiamine Levels in Rats. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1-7. [PMID: 30662322 PMCID: PMC6332491 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.28756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between glucose dosage in parenteral nutrition and reductions in levels of body thiamine in rats. Vitamin-free infusions with differing amounts of glucose were administered to normal or thiamine-deficient rats for 5 days, after which urinary thiamine excretion and the amounts of thiamine in the blood, liver, brain, and skeletal muscles were measured. The total energy dosage was set at three levels (98, 140, and 196 kcal/kg), and the dose of amino acids was constant among all groups. Urinary thiamine excretions on Day 5 decreased with increasing glucose dosage in the infusions. In normal rats, the amount of thiamine in the blood and all organs decreased compared with the diet group; however, no significant differences were found among the infusion groups. In thiamine-deficient rats, on the other hand, the amount of thiamine in the liver and skeletal muscles did not differ significantly among infusion groups; however, the amount of thiamine in the brain and blood decreased with increasing glucose dosage. An organ-specific correlation was found between glucose dosage in infusions and reductions in levels of thiamine. To prevent thiamine deficiencies from affecting the central nervous system, greater caution must be exercised during high-caloric parenteral nutrition. However, a constant supply of thiamine seemed to be essential, irrespective of the amount of energy supplied via parenteral nutrition, to maintain a sufficient level of thiamine in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Harada
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, Naruto Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Kuguhara, Tateiwa, Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nakayama
- PMM Group, Sales Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, 2-9 Kanda Tsukasamachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0048, Japan
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15
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Moraes JO, Rodrigues SDC, Pereira LM, Medeiros RDCN, de Cordova CAS, de Cordova FM. Amprolium exposure alters mice behavior and metabolism in vivo. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:272-281. [PMID: 30891577 PMCID: PMC6388078 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamine deficiency (TD) models have been developed, mainly using the thiamine analog pyrithiamine. Other analogs have not been used in rodents. We aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of intraperitoneal (ip) amprolium-induced TD in mice. We also evaluated the associated pathogenesis using antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds (Trolox, dimethyl sulfoxide). METHODS Male mice were separated into two groups, one receiving a standard diet (control animals), and the other a TD diet (deficient groups) for 20 days. Control mice were further subdivided into three groups receiving daily ip injections of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Cont group), Tolox (Tr group) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Dmso group). The three TD groups received amprolium (Amp group), amprolium and Trolox (Amp+Tr group), or amprolium and DMSO (Amp+Dmso group). The animals were subjected to behavioral tests and then euthanized. The brain and viscera were analyzed. RESULTS Amprolium exposure induced weight loss with hyporexia, reduced the behavioral parameters (locomotion, exploratory activity, and motor coordination), and induced changes in the brain (lower cortical cell viability) and liver (steatosis). Trolox co-treatment partially improved these conditions, but to a lesser extent than DMSO. CONCLUSIONS Amprolium-induced TD may be an interesting model, allowing the deficiency to develop more slowly and to a lesser extent. Amprolium exposure also seems to involve oxidative stress and inflammation, suggested as the main mechanisms of cell dysfunction in TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Oliveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos TrópicosUniversidade Federal do TocantinsAraguaínaTOBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabiano Mendes de Cordova
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos TrópicosUniversidade Federal do TocantinsAraguaínaTOBrazil
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16
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Microglial activation and vascular responses that are associated with early thalamic neurodegeneration resulting from thiamine deficiency. Neurotoxicology 2018; 65:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Postnatal development of bitter taste avoidance behavior in mice is associated with ACTIN-dependent localization of bitter taste receptors to the microvilli of taste cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2579-2583. [PMID: 29278699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste avoidance behavior (BAB) plays a fundamental role in the avoidance of toxic substances with a bitter taste. However, the molecular basis underlying the development of BAB is unknown. To study critical developmental events by which taste buds turn into functional organs with BAB, we investigated the early phase development of BAB in postnatal mice in response to bitter-tasting compounds, such as quinine and thiamine. Postnatal mice started to exhibit BAB for thiamine and quinine at postnatal day 5 (PD5) and PD7, respectively. Histological analyses of taste buds revealed the formation of microvilli in the taste pores starting at PD5 and the localization of type 2 taste receptor 119 (TAS2R119) at the microvilli at PD6. Treatment of the tongue epithelium with cytochalasin D (CytD), which disturbs ACTIN polymerization in the microvilli, resulted in the loss of TAS2R119 localization at the microvilli and the loss of BAB for quinine and thiamine. The release of ATP from the circumvallate papillae tissue due to taste stimuli was also declined following CytD treatment. These results suggest that the localization of TAS2R119 at the microvilli of taste pores is critical for the initiation of BAB.
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