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Ma J, Liu D, Mao X, Huang L, Ren Y, Xu X, Huang X, Deng C, Shi F, Sun P. Enhanced Diagnostic Efficiency of Endometrial Carcinogenesis and Progression in Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding through Peripheral Blood Cytokine Testing: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:601-611. [PMID: 38464838 PMCID: PMC10920852 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.91506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of plasma cytokine detection in endometrial cancer screening and tumor progression assessment in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study of 287 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, comprehensive clinical information and laboratory assessments, including cytokines, routine blood tests, and tumor markers, were performed. Associations between the clinical indicators and endometrial carcinogenesis/progression were evaluated. The independent risk factors for endometrial cancer and endometrial cancer with deep myometrial invasion were analyzed using multivariate binary logistic regression. Additionally, a diagnostic model was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of these identified risk factors. Results: In patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, low IL-4 and high IL-8 levels were independent risk factors for endometrial cancer (p < 0.05). Combining IL-4, IL-8, CA125, and menopausal status improved the accuracy of assessing endometrial cancer risk. The area under curve of the model is 0.816. High IL-6 and IL-8 levels were independent risk factors for deep myometrial invasion in patients with endometrial cancer (p < 0.05). Similarly, combining IL-6, IL-8, and Monocyte counts enhanced the accuracy of assessing endometrial cancer risk with deep myometrial invasion. The area under curve of the model is 0.753. Conclusions: Cytokines such as IL-4, IL-8, and IL-6 can serve as markers for monitoring endometrial cancer and its progression in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Ma
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Dabin Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodan Mao
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Leyi Huang
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaozhen Xu
- Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, Fujian, China
| | - Caiping Deng
- The Second Hospital of Nanping City, Nanping 354200, Fujian, China
| | - Feifeng Shi
- Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Pengming Sun
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
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Roškar L, Kokol M, Pavlič R, Roškar I, Smrkolj Š, Rižner TL. Decreased Gene Expression of Antiangiogenic Factors in Endometrial Cancer: qPCR Analysis and Machine Learning Modelling. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3661. [PMID: 37509322 PMCID: PMC10378066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is an increasing health concern, with its growth driven by an angiogenic switch that occurs early in cancer development. Our study used publicly available datasets to examine the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins in EC tissues, and compared them with adjacent control tissues. We identified nine genes with significant differential expression and selected six additional antiangiogenic genes from prior research for validation on EC tissue in a cohort of 36 EC patients. Using machine learning, we built a prognostic model for EC, combining our data with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our results revealed a significant up-regulation of IL8 and LEP and down-regulation of eleven other genes in EC tissues. These genes showed differential expression in the early stages and lower grades of EC, and in patients without deep myometrial or lymphovascular invasion. Gene co-expressions were stronger in EC tissues, particularly those with lymphovascular invasion. We also found more extensive angiogenesis-related gene involvement in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, our findings suggest that angiogenesis in EC is predominantly driven by decreased antiangiogenic factor expression, particularly in EC with less favourable prognostic features. Our machine learning model effectively stratified EC based on gene expression, distinguishing between low and high-grade cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Roškar
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Murska Sobota, 9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kokol
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Semantika Research, Semantika d.o.o., 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Renata Pavlič
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Roškar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Smrkolj
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Oldak L, Zelazowska-Rutkowska B, Lesniewska A, Mrozek P, Skoczylas M, Lukaszewski Z, Gorodkiewicz E. Two Biosensors for the Determination of VEGF-R2 in Plasma by Array SPRi. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010155. [PMID: 36615347 PMCID: PMC9822109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) is a marker of angiogenesis and metastasis of cancer. Two biosensors for the determination of VEGF-R2 in plasma have been developed. One of them is based on a pure gold chip, and the other on a silver/gold bimetallic chip; both have the receptor, monoclonal rabbit antibody specific for human VEGF-R2, attached to the chip via a cysteamine linker. The biosensor with the gold chip exhibits linearity of the analytical signal between 0.03 and 2 ng/mL, a precision of 1.4% and recovery between 99% and 102%. The biosensor with the bimetallic chip exhibits linearity between 0.03 and 1 ng/mL, a precision of 2.2% and recovery between 99% and 103%. Both biosensors tolerate a 1:100 excess of VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R3. Both biosensors were validated by parallel determination of VEGF-R2 in 27 different plasma samples using the ELISA immunosensor assay, with very good agreement of the results. Thermodynamic parameters of the interaction of VEGF-R2 with the antibody were determined by QCM (Quartz Crystal Microbalance) and SPRi (Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Oldak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bioanalysis Laboratory, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Science, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Beata Zelazowska-Rutkowska
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Lesniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bioanalysis Laboratory, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Mrozek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Skoczylas
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Zenon Lukaszewski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, pl. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bioanalysis Laboratory, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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Zang Y, Li H, Liu S, Zhao R, Zhang K, Zang Y, Wang Y, Xue F. The roles and clinical applications of interleukins in endometrial carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1001693. [PMID: 36531027 PMCID: PMC9748080 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1001693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, endometrial carcinoma (EC) seriously endangers women's health with an increasing incidence. The oncogenesis and progression of cancer are closely linked with immune microenvironment, of which interleukins are the important components. In order to illustrate the roles and clinical applications of interleukins in EC, literature of interleukins and EC were reviewed. Based on the present studies, interleukins play crucial roles in the oncogenesis and development of EC via regulating the proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy of EC as well as the immune function against EC. And some of the interleukins seems to have prospective clinical applications in EC, such as evaluating the risk of tumorigenesis, discriminating the malignancy from benign disorders or normal condition, indicating cancer aggressiveness, predicting the prognosis of patients and serving as the novel therapy. However, there is still a long way to go before the clinical applications of interleukins in EC come into reality. Nevertheless, it is certain that the exploration of interleukins will definitely be of great benefit to the screening, diagnosis and treatment of EC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanrong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqi Zang
- Hangzhou College of Preschool Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Roškar L, Pušić M, Roškar I, Kokol M, Pirš B, Smrkolj Š, Rižner TL. Models including preoperative plasma levels of angiogenic factors, leptin and IL-8 as potential biomarkers of endometrial cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972131. [PMID: 36505829 PMCID: PMC9730274 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diversity of endometrial cancer (EC) dictates the need for precise early diagnosis and pre-operative stratification to select treatment options appropriately. Non-invasive biomarkers invaluably assist clinicians in managing patients in daily clinical practice. Currently, there are no validated diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for EC that could accurately predict the presence and extent of the disease. Methods Our study analyzed 202 patients, of whom 91 were diagnosed with EC and 111 were control patients with the benign gynecological disease. Using Luminex xMAP™ multiplexing technology, we measured the pre-operative plasma concentrations of six previously selected angiogenic factors - leptin, IL-8, sTie-2, follistatin, neuropilin-1, and G-CSF. Besides basic statistical methods, we used a machine-learning algorithm to create a robust diagnostic model based on the plasma concentration of tested angiogenic factors. Results The plasma levels of leptin were significantly higher in EC patients than in control patients. Leptin was higher in type 1 EC patients versus control patients, and IL-8 was higher in type 2 EC versus control patients, particularly in poorly differentiated endometrioid EC grade 3. IL-8 plasma levels were significantly higher in EC patients with lymphovascular or myometrial invasion. Among univariate models, the model based on leptin reached the best results on both training and test datasets. A combination of age, IL-8, leptin and G-CSF was determined as the most important feature for the multivariate model, with ROC AUC 0.94 on training and 0.81 on the test dataset. The model utilizing a combination of all six AFs, BMI and age reached a ROC AUC of 0.89 on both the training and test dataset, strongly indicating the capability for predicting the risk of EC even on unseen data. Conclusion According to our results, measuring plasma concentrations of angiogenic factors could, provided they are confirmed in a multicentre validation study, represent an important supplementary diagnostic tool for early detection and prognostic characterization of EC, which could guide the decision-making regarding the extent of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Roškar
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Maja Pušić
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Roškar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kokol
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia,Semantika Research, Semantika d.o.o., Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Pirš
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Smrkolj
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Špela Smrkolj, ; Tea Lanišnik Rižner,
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Špela Smrkolj, ; Tea Lanišnik Rižner,
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Yu H, Dejizhuoga, Huang W, Wang D, Gamaquzhen, Jia X, Feng H. The Expression and Clinical Significance of Sphingosine Kinase 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Endometrial Carcinoma. Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:6716143. [PMID: 36186527 PMCID: PMC9519313 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6716143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with endometrial carcinoma and its clinical significance. The tissues of 86 cases of patients with endometrial carcinoma and 54 cases of patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia were collected. The expression of SPHK1 and VEGF in the tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of SPHK1 in patients with endometrial carcinoma was compared with the clinicopathological data. Results. 69 cases (82.1%) of endometrial carcinoma were positive for SPHK1, which was higher than 2 cases (3.7%) of endometrial atypical hyperplasia (P < 0.05). The VEGF expression in 54 patients (62.8%) with endometrial carcinoma was higher than that in 12 patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia (22.2%) (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between SPHK1 and VEGF expressions in endometrial carcinoma (c = 0.595). The expression of SPHK1 in endometrial cancer patients was different in different pathological types, FIGO stages, lymph node metastasis, ER, and PR positive or not, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). There was no difference in age, degree of differentiation, and depth of myometrial infiltration (P < 0.05). The expression of SPHK1 in patients with endometrial carcinoma is increased, which is helpful for early detection of patients with endometrial carcinoma, and may play a synergistic role with VEGF in the pathogenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Dejizhuoga
- Department of Pathology, Lhasa People's Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Donglian Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Gamaquzhen
- Department of Pathology, Lhasa People's Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Xiaomin Jia
- Department of Pathology, Lhasa People's Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
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Azadehrah M, Vosoogh S, Azadehrah M. The roles and therapeutic applications of cytokines in endometrial cancer. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 152:103652. [PMID: 35753146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological cancer globally and the most frequent gynecologic malignancy in industrialized countries. Patients are typically diagnosed when the disease is still restricted to the uterus. 5-year overall survival ranges from 70 % to 90 % in patients without metastatic disease; however, the metastatic form of the disease affects 16 % of EC patients, with a 5-year survival rate of 16.8 %. The immune system can detect abnormal cells as non-self in the early stages of carcinogenesis, producing the appropriate pro-inflammatory environment to eliminate cancer cells. In a second phase, cancer cells use various immune-editing systems to alter the profile of the immune response from pro to anti-inflammatory, resulting in immune escape. The directors of this immune switching mechanism are cytokines. Studies have reported the increased expression of several pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in EC tissues and cell lines, including Interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-8, IL-31, IL-33, IL-10, TGF-β, VEGF, and IL-1Ra. Immune cells producing these cytokines have also been reported to be present in EC tissues. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to show the possible mechanisms of the mentioned cytokines on EC progression, as well as the most current and prospective advancements in cytokine-based therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Azadehrah
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shohre Vosoogh
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan university of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Azadehrah
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Ray I, Meira LB, Michael A, Ellis PE. Adipocytokines and disease progression in endometrial cancer: a systematic review. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:211-242. [PMID: 34951691 PMCID: PMC8924097 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to document the effect of adipocytokines on endometrial cancer progression. A search of the databases CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar was performed for English language articles from January 2000 to December 2020 using the keywords: (Endometrial cancer) AND (progression OR metastasis) AND (adipocytokine OR adiponectin OR leptin OR visfatin OR IL-6 OR TNF-α OR adipokine OR cytokine). Forty-nine studies on adipocytokines have been included in this review. Adiponectin has been linked with anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects on endometrial cancer cells and is associated with a better prognosis. Leptin, visfatin and resistin are linked to the stimulation of endometrial cancer growth, proliferation, invasion and metastasis and are associated with worse prognosis or with a higher grade/stage of endometrial cancer. IL-6, Il-11, IL-31, IL-33, TNF-α, TGF-β1, SDF-1 and CXCR are involved in endometrial cancer cell growth and metastasis or involved in epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) or associated with advanced disease. Adipocytokines have been found to directly impact endometrial cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration. These molecules and their signalling pathways may be used to determine prognosis and course of the disease and may also be exploited as potential targets for cancer treatment and prevention of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ray
- University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK.
- Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK.
| | - Lisiane B Meira
- University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
- Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Patricia E Ellis
- University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
- Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK
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Obradović D, Oprić D. Endometrial carcinoma: Angiogenesis and review of the role of vascular endothelial growth factor. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/mp73-40248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinomas (EC) represent the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system and the sixth most common in the female population with an increased incidence of morbidity and mortality over the past three decades. In addition to stage, grade and type of tumor, these are the most significant prognostic factors of the biological behavior of EC and in current clinical practice are based on pathohistological examination. The shortcomings of the current histological classification are cited as one of the key limiting factors in further research, as well as in the understanding of EC carcinogenesis and improving therapeutic protocols. A new molecular classification of EC was formulated, based on the analysis of molecular biological features, recognized as highly related to the specific clinical course. Considerable efforts have been made to understand the process of angiogenesis as one of the key processes in tumor growth. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family is a group of proangiogenic ligands that play a central role in the process of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. This factor is the most widely investigated angiogenic one as a potential biomarker and target for targeted therapy. After vast research, clinical studies have shown significant advances in the development of anti-angiogenic therapy directed at VEGF, predominantly in the form of combined therapy. In defining therapeutic groups, this therapy relies on the molecular classification of EC. Antiangiogenic therapy is limited to small specific groups of patients, associated with side effects, and numeorus patients who initially responded to targeted therapy develop resistance over time, which indicates the further need for a better understanding of the mechanisms and factors involved in the angiogenic process of EC. Potentially promising advances in the development of targeted therapeutic options for EC can be expected within the integration of molecular features of EC as a factor in the context of histological classification.
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Roškar L, Roškar I, Rižner TL, Smrkolj Š. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Values of Angiogenic Factors in Endometrial Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 12:7. [PMID: 35053155 PMCID: PMC8773847 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecological malignancy in developed countries and requires a relatively invasive diagnostic evaluation and operative therapy as the primary therapeutic approach. Angiogenesis is one of the main processes needed for cancer growth and spread. The production of angiogenic factors (AFs) appears early in the process of carcinogenesis. The detection of AFs in plasma and tissue and a better understanding of the angiogenic properties of EC may contribute not only to earlier but also more specific diagnosis and consequently tailored and individual therapeutic approaches. AFs and their receptors also have high potential as binding sites for targeted cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss angiogenesis in EC and the characteristics of the AFs that most contribute to angiogenesis in EC. We also highlight therapeutic strategies that target angiogenesis as potential EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Roškar
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Irena Roškar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.R.); (T.L.R.)
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.R.); (T.L.R.)
| | - Špela Smrkolj
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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VEGF Immunoexpression in Prostate Adenocarcinoma. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2021; 47:89-95. [PMID: 34211753 PMCID: PMC8200605 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.47.01.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a basic biomolecular mechanism for tumor progression, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) being one of the main enhancers of this complex process. In this study, we analyzed VEGF-A immunoexpression in 61 prostate adenocarcinomas (PAs), related to the prognostic parameters of the lesions. VEGF scores were higher in PAs that associated serum PSA values above 20ng/ml, in tumors with pure complex or mixed growth patterns, as well as in high-grade and advanced lesions. The results obtained indicate the involvement of VEGF in prostate angiogenesis and the usefulness of the maker for the identification of aggressive lesions.
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12
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The Influence of Biologically Active Substances Secreted by the Adipose Tissue on Endometrial Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030494. [PMID: 33799622 PMCID: PMC8000529 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological neoplasms in developed countries and its incidence is rising. Usually, it is diagnosed in the early stages of the disease and has a good prognosis; however, in later stages, the rate of recurrence reaches up to 60%. The discrepancy in relapse rates is due to the heterogeneity of the group related to the presence of prognostic factors affecting survival parameters. Increased body weight, diabetes, metabolic disturbances and estrogen imbalance are important factors for the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. Even though prognostic factors such as histopathological grade, clinical stage, histological type and the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors are well known in endometrial cancer, the search for novel prognostic biomarkers continues. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ involved in metabolism, immune response and the production of biologically active substances participating in cell growth and differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and carcinogenesis. In this manuscript, we review the impact of factors secreted by the adipose tissue involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism (leptin, adiponectin, omentin, vaspin, galectins) and factors responsible for homeostasis maintenance, inflammatory processes, angiogenesis and oxidative stress (IL-1β, 6, 8, TNFα, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)) in the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer.
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13
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Berger AA, Dao F, Levine DA. Angiogenesis in endometrial carcinoma: Therapies and biomarkers, current options, and future perspectives. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 160:844-850. [PMID: 33375990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy and the fourth most prevalent cancer in women in the modern world. Despite a relatively high chance of surgical cure, for patients with advanced or recurrent disease there are few therapeutic options. Angiogenesis has been extensively studied ever since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was discovered in the 1980s. Several clinical trials of anti-angiogenic therapy in endometrial carcinoma have been conducted, with mixed results, and many researchers have tried to determine prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Recent trials, which shed new light on possible treatment biomarkers and efficacious combination therapies, are reviewed in this text. While we are still far from effectively tailoring anti-angiogenic treatment to each patient, these data have provided valuable insight and have put us on track for the discovery of novel opportunities for angiogenesis therapy in endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon A Berger
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Fanny Dao
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America.
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14
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Maeda Y, Takeuchi H, Matsuda S, Okamura A, Fukuda K, Miyasho T, Nakamura R, Suda K, Wada N, Kawakubo H, Kitagawa Y. Clinical significance of preoperative serum concentrations of interleukin-6 as a prognostic marker in patients with esophageal cancer. Esophagus 2020; 17:279-288. [PMID: 31845119 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-019-00708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the clinical outcome of esophageal cancer has recently improved, the relapse rate remains high for all disease stages. At present, there is no diagnostic method to predict the long-term outcome for esophageal cancer. In this study, we evaluated serum preoperative proinflammatory cytokine levels and investigated the correlation between preoperative interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 levels and survival of patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS Between 2008 and 2015, we evaluated preoperative serum cytokine levels in 122 patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We investigated the relationship between serum cytokine levels and the response to chemotherapy and survival. RESULTS The preoperative IL-6 levels were significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS, p = 0.001) and overall survival (OS, p = 0.001) after esophagectomy. Higher IL-8 levels were significantly associated with RFS (p = 0.018). In the multivariate analysis, age, preoperative chemotherapy, lymph node metastasis, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and serum IL-6 levels (hazard ratio (HR), 2.888; p = 0.049) were significantly independent prognostic factors of RFS. Additionally, age, pathological stage, and serum IL-6 levels (HR, 3.247; p = 0.027) were shown to be significantly independent prognostic factors of OS. Serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the non-responder group (pathological response pGrade0 and pGrade1) after neoadjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS High preoperative serum IL-6 levels are associated with a poor response to chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy and poor prognosis after esophagectomy. Preoperative serum IL-6 levels may be a useful independent prognostic marker for esophageal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Maeda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okamura
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Fukuda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Taku Miyasho
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodaimidorimachi, Ebetsu-shi, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Suda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Norihito Wada
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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15
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Zhang N, Wang Y, Liu H, Shen W. Extracellular vesicle encapsulated microRNA-320a inhibits endometrial cancer by suppression of the HIF1α/VEGFA axis. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112113. [PMID: 32473223 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role in endometrial cancer (EC) pathogenesis. The present study investigated the clinical significance and biological function of extracellular vesicle (EV) encapsulated miR-320a released from CAFs in EC. EC-related microarray data was obtained from the GSE25405 database and differential analysis was performed. Expression of miR-320a in CAFs and normal endometrial fibroblasts (NFs) as well as CAF-delivered EVs was detected; also, delivery of miR-320a from CAFs to EC cells was observed. In addition we confirmed that miR-320a targets HIF1α via a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Phenotypic analysis was used to study the functional significance of EV delivered miR-320a and its downstream effects. miR-320a was found to have low expression in EC cells and tissues. CAF-secreted EVs were successfully isolated and miR-320a was found also be expressed at low levels in these EVs. Finally, we found direct transfer of CAF-secreted exosomal miR-320a to EC cells, which inhibited their proliferation. Mechanistically, we found this is due to downregulation of HIF1α by miR-320a, which led to lowered VEGFA expression in vitro. Accordingly, we overexpressed HIF1α also showed that the inhibitory effect of miR-320a overexpression in EC cells could be reversed. These results point to CAF-derived EVs carrying overexpressed miR-320a as a novel direction for therapeutic strategies for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China.
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16
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Dziobek K, Opławski M, Grabarek BO, Zmarzły N, Tomala B, Halski T, Leśniak E, Januszyk K, Brus R, Kiełbasiński R, Boroń D. Changes in the Expression Profile of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 in Different Grades of Endometrial Cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:955-963. [PMID: 31322068 PMCID: PMC7403754 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190717092448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 are important proteins involved in the induction and development of a new blood vessel network through which the tumor is properly nourished and oxygenated. Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 expression in endometrial cancer depending on its grade and to determine the VEGFR-1 to VEGFR-2 concentration ratio. Methods The study group consisted of 45 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer (G1, 17; G2, 15; G3, 13). The control group included 15 patients. VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-R1, VEGFR-2 expression was assessed using the immunohistochemical method. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 12 PL program (StatSoft, Cracow, Poland). It included the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p<0.05). Results Statistically significant differences in the level of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-R1, VEGFR-2 were observed between the majority of analyzed groups (except for VEGF-B; G3 vs. G1, p=0.997700). The expression pattern of VEGF-A, VEGF-R1, VEGFR-2 was as follows: G3>G2>G1>C; VEGF-B: G2> G3> G1>C. A lower concentration of VEGFR-1 than VEGFR-2 was found regardless of the cancer grade. Conclusion VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-R1, VEGFR-2 are key proteins involved in tumor angiogenesis. The analysis of the entire panel of proteins participating in a given process is an important element of modern diagnostics. The concentration ratio of VEGFR-1 to VEGFR-2 appears to be a determining factor in the patients' survival prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Dziobek
- Center of Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cracow Branch, Poland
| | - Marcin Opławski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Nikola Zmarzły
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Tomala
- Faculty of Health Science, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Poland
| | - Tomasz Halski
- Faculty of Health Science, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Poland
| | - Ewa Leśniak
- Faculty of Health Science, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Januszyk
- Faculty of Health Science, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Poland
| | - Ryszard Brus
- Department of Nurse, High School of Strategic Planning, Koscielna 6, 41-303, Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland
| | - Robert Kiełbasiński
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology ward, Health Center in Mikolow, Mikolow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Center of Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cracow Branch, Poland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Health Science, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Poland.,Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Katowice School of Technology, The University of Science and Art in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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17
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Apatinib Mesylate in the treatment of advanced progressed lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR-TKI resistance -A Multicenter Randomized Trial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14013. [PMID: 31570733 PMCID: PMC6768876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few pieces of evidence have been published on the use of Apatinib Mesylate (AM) against EGFR-TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LA) patients. Here, we investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of AM in the treatment of advanced progressed epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) resistant LA patients. We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in 68 patients admitted to 18 hospitals of Anhui province in China. The efficacy and safety of AM treatment were evaluated in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR), as well as related adverse events (AE). A literature knowledge database analysis and a pathway model reconstruction were performed to decipher the relevant mechanism may be involved. Our results showed that, compared to the control group, AM presented improved efficacy in PFS (P = 0.033), ORR (P < 0.001), and DCR (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between case and control group in terms of AE, and no drug-related death occurred. Pathway analysis supports that Apatinib can be repurposed for the treatment of LA. Our results suggested that AM could be a potential option for advanced progressed LA patients to combat EGFR-TKI resistance.
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18
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Chiu HC, Li CJ, Yiang GT, Tsai APY, Wu MY. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Cell Biology of Molecular Regulation in Endometrial Carcinogenesis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E439. [PMID: 30935077 PMCID: PMC6518354 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinogenesis is involved in several signaling pathways and it comprises multiple steps. The four major signaling pathways-PI3K/AKT, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, WNT/β-catenin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-are involved in tumor cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. The genetic mutation and germline mitochondrial DNA mutations also impair cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis signaling, and epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition by several transcription factors, leading to endometrial carcinogenesis and distant metastasis. The PI3K/AKT pathway activates the ransforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-mediated endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it interacts with downstream signals to upregulate EMT-associated factors. Estrogen and progesterone signaling in EMT also play key roles in the prognosis of endometrial carcinogenesis. In this review article, we summarize the current clinical and basic research efforts regarding the detailed molecular regulation in endometrial carcinogenesis, especially in EMT, to provide novel targets for further anti-carcinogenesis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chen Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Andy Po-Yi Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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19
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Human Plasma Levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, their Soluble Receptor - VEGFR-2 and Applicability of these Parameters as Tumor Markers in the Diagnostics of Breast Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1477-1486. [PMID: 30387014 PMCID: PMC6815280 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
VEGF family members are important factors in promoting angio- and lymphangiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate concentrations, diagnostic utility and power of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-2 in comparison to CA15-3 in breast cancer (BC) patients. The study included 120 BC patients and 60 control patients (28 with benign breast tumors and 32 healthy women). Plasma levels of tested parameters were determined by ELISA, CA15-3 by CMIA. Concentrations of all parameters showed statistical significance when compared BC patients to controls. VEGF-D showed the highest SE (82.50%) in total BC group. Highest SP and PPV in total BC group showed VEGF-A(76.67%;84.78%,respectively), but lower than CA15-3. Highest NPV showed VEGF-C(52.33%), but it was lower than CA15-3. VEGF-C was also the best parameter which had statistically significant AUC in total cancer group (0.7672), but also stages I(0.7684) and II(0.7772). In the total group of BC almost all tested parameters showed statistically significant AUC, but a maximum range was obtained for the combination of VEGF-C + CA15-3(0.8476). The combined analysis of tested parameters and CA15-3 resulted in increase in SE and AUC values, which provides hope for developing a new panel of biomarkers that may be used in the diagnosis of BC in the future.
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20
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Chen YH, Lu HI, Lo CM, Wang YM, Chou SY, Hsiao CC, Huang CC, Shih LH, Chen SW, Li SH. The crucial role of blood VEGF kinetics in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving curative concurrent chemoradiotherapy. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:837. [PMID: 30126380 PMCID: PMC6102846 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the role of blood vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) kinetics in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) receiving curative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Methods A total of 97 locally advanced ESCC patients were enrolled. All the patients had their blood drawn at three time points to determine their levels of VEGF, including pre-chemotherapy (day 0), post-chemotherapy (day 5), and pre-cycle 2 chemotherapy (day 28). The VEGF levels were evaluated according to the day 0 value, day 5 value, day 28 value, day 5/day 0 ratio, day 28/day 0 ratio, and day 28/day 5 ratio. A VEGF cut-off level of 80 pg/mL was applied. Results In the analysis of progression-free survival (PFS), the patients less than 60 years old had significantly superior PFS compared to those more than 60 years old. Patients who had VEGF < 80 pg/mL at day 28 and a day 28/day 5 ratio < 1 had better PFS than those with VEGF > 80 pg/mL and a day 28/day 5 ratio > 1, respectively. In the analysis of overall survival (OS), patients with N0–1 status had significantly superior OS compared to those with N2–3 status. Furthermore, patients who had VEGF < 80 pg/mL at day 28, a day 5/day 0 ratio < 1, and a day 28/day 5 ratio < 1 had superior OS compared to those patients with VEGF > 80 pg/mL, a day 5/day 0 ratio > 1, and a day 28/day 5 ratio > 1, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, only VEGF < 80 pg/mL at day 28 and a day 28/day 5 ratio < 1 represented independent prognostic factors of superior PFS and OS. Conclusions Our study suggests that VEGF kinetics is a prognostic factor for locally advanced ESCC patients receiving curative CCRT. For these patients, lower post-treatment VEGF levels and decreasing levels of VEGF during CCRT are significantly associated with better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hao Chen
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Lu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Lo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Chou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Biobank and Tissue Bank, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsueh Shih
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Hsuan Li
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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21
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Dalal V, Kumar R, Kumar S, Sharma A, Kumar L, Sharma JB, Roy KK, Singh N, Vanamail P. Biomarker potential of IL-6 and VEGF-A in ascitic fluid of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 482:27-32. [PMID: 29572186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is represented with significantly higher mortality rate predominately due to asymptomatic behaviour during initial disease course and at diagnosis majority patients already progressed to advanced stage. Acellular fraction of ascites in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been suggested to promote growth of tumor cells by providing ambient micro-environment for their proliferation. This acellular fraction contains multiple growth factors including IL-6 and VEGF-A, which were exploited to establish their bio-marker significance in EOC patients. METHODS IL-6 and VEGF-A levels in ascitic fluid of 30 EOC patients and 15 controls were measured using high sensitivity sandwich enzyme linked immune sorbent (ELISA) assay. Their levels were correlated with clinico-pathological characteristics and bio-marker potential was assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION EOC patients showed significantly higher levels for IL-6 (median-5636 pg/ml) and VEGF-A (median-4556 pg/ml) in ascitic fluid compared to controls. Levels of IL-6 and VEGF-A significantly correlated with clinico-pathological parameters. ROC curves of IL-6 and VEGF-A showed absolute combination of sensitivity and specificity. Kaplan Meier analysis demonstrated that higher levels of IL-6 and VEGF-A were significantly associated with shorter progression free survival. Thus, this study revealed that IL-6 and VEGF-A have great potential to be used as superior bio-markers for progression free survival in future after validation in larger patients' cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Dalal
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sunesh Kumar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Jai Bhagwan Sharma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Kallol Kumar Roy
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Neeta Singh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Perumal Vanamail
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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