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Rajendran R, Beck RC, Waskasi MM, Kelly BD, Bauer DR. Digital analysis of the prostate tumor microenvironment with high-order chromogenic multiplexing. J Pathol Inform 2024; 15:100352. [PMID: 38186745 PMCID: PMC10770522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of the tumor microenvironment grows, the pathology field is increasingly utilizing multianalyte diagnostic assays to understand important characteristics of tumor growth. In clinical settings, brightfield chromogenic assays represent the gold-standard and have developed significant trust as the first-line diagnostic method. However, conventional brightfield tests have been limited to low-order assays that are visually interrogated. We have developed a hybrid method of brightfield chromogenic multiplexing that overcomes these limitations and enables high-order multiplex assays. However, how compatible high-order brightfield multiplexed images are with advanced analytical algorithms has not been extensively evaluated. In the present study, we address this gap by developing a novel 6-marker prostate cancer assay that targets diverse aspects of the tumor microenvironment such as prostate-specific biomarkers (PSMA and p504s), immune biomarkers (CD8 and PD-L1), a prognostic biomarker (Ki-67), as well as an adjunctive diagnostic biomarker (basal cell cocktail) and apply the assay to 143 differentially graded adenocarcinoma prostate tissues. The tissues were then imaged on our spectroscopic multiplexing imaging platform and mined for proteomic and spatial features that were correlated with cancer presence and disease grade. Extracted features were used to train a UMAP model that differentiated healthy from cancerous tissue with an accuracy of 89% and identified clusters of cells based on cancer grade. For spatial analysis, cell-to-cell distances were calculated for all biomarkers and differences between healthy and adenocarcinoma tissues were studied. We report that p504s positive cells were at least 2× closer to cells expressing PD-L1, CD8, Ki-67, and basal cell in adenocarcinoma tissues relative to the healthy control tissues. These findings offer a powerful insight to understand the fingerprint of the prostate tumor microenvironment and indicate that high-order chromogenic multiplexing is compatible with digital analysis. Thus, the presented chromogenic multiplexing system combines the clinical applicability of brightfield assays with the emerging diagnostic power of high-order multiplexing in a digital pathology friendly format that is well-suited for translational studies to better understand mechanisms of tumor development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rajendran
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.), Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rachel C. Beck
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.), Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Morteza M. Waskasi
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.), Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brian D. Kelly
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.), Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel R. Bauer
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.), Tucson, AZ, USA
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2
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Nogueira-Júnior V, Sousa FRN, da S M Rebouças C, Braz HLB, Dos S Morais MLG, Goes P, de C Brito GA, Jorge RJB, Barbosa FG, Mafezoli J, Silva-Filho CJA, de O Capistrano AL, Bezerra MM, de C Leitão RF. Exploring the osteogenic potential of semisynthetic triterpenes from Combretum leprosum: An in vitro and in silico study. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00928-w. [PMID: 38992216 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Combretum leprosum Mart. is a plant of the Combretaceae family, widely distributed in the Northeast region of Brazil, popularly used as an anti-inflammatory agent, and rich in triterpenes. This study evaluated in vitro and in silico potential osteogenic of two semisynthetic triterpenes (CL-P2 and CL-P2A) obtained from the pentacyclic triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (CL-1) isolated from C. leprosum. Assays were carried out in cultured murine osteoblasts (OFCOL II), first investigating the possible toxicity of the compounds on these cells through viability assays (MTT). Cell proliferation and activation were investigated by immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki-67, bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization test by Von Kossa. Molecular docking analysis was performed to predict the binding affinity of CL-P2 and CL-P2A to target proteins involved in the regulation of osteogenesis, including: bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), proteins related to Wingless-related integration (WNT) pathway (Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6-LRP6 and sclerostin-SOST), and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kB-ligand (RANK-L). Next, Western Blot and immunofluorescence investigated BMP-2, WNT, RANK-L, and OPG protein expressions in cultured murine osteoblasts (OFCOL II). None of the CL-P2 and CL-P2A concentrations were toxic to osteoblasts. Increased cell proliferation, ALP activity, and bone mineralization were observed. Molecular docking assays demonstrated interactions with BMP-2, LRP6, SOST, and RANK-L/OPG. There was observed increased expression of BMP-2, WNT, and RANK-L/OPG proteins. These results suggest, for the first time, the osteogenic potential of CL-P2 and CL-P2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdo Nogueira-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fátima Regina N Sousa
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Piaui, Picos, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Conceição da S M Rebouças
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Helyson L B Braz
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Luana G Dos S Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paula Goes
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gerly Anne de C Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane B Jorge
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Geraldo Barbosa
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Science Centre, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jair Mafezoli
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Science Centre, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos José A Silva-Filho
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Science Centre, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - André Luiz de O Capistrano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Science Centre, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mirna M Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Renata F de C Leitão
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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3
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Hoang DT, Dinstag G, Shulman ED, Hermida LC, Ben-Zvi DS, Elis E, Caley K, Sammut SJ, Sinha S, Sinha N, Dampier CH, Stossel C, Patil T, Rajan A, Lassoued W, Strauss J, Bailey S, Allen C, Redman J, Beker T, Jiang P, Golan T, Wilkinson S, Sowalsky AG, Pine SR, Caldas C, Gulley JL, Aldape K, Aharonov R, Stone EA, Ruppin E. A deep-learning framework to predict cancer treatment response from histopathology images through imputed transcriptomics. NATURE CANCER 2024:10.1038/s43018-024-00793-2. [PMID: 38961276 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Advances in artificial intelligence have paved the way for leveraging hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor slides for precision oncology. We present ENLIGHT-DeepPT, an indirect two-step approach consisting of (1) DeepPT, a deep-learning framework that predicts genome-wide tumor mRNA expression from slides, and (2) ENLIGHT, which predicts response to targeted and immune therapies from the inferred expression values. We show that DeepPT successfully predicts transcriptomics in all 16 The Cancer Genome Atlas cohorts tested and generalizes well to two independent datasets. ENLIGHT-DeepPT successfully predicts true responders in five independent patient cohorts involving four different treatments spanning six cancer types, with an overall odds ratio of 2.28 and a 39.5% increased response rate among predicted responders versus the baseline rate. Notably, its prediction accuracy, obtained without any training on the treatment data, is comparable to that achieved by directly predicting the response from the images, which requires specific training on the treatment evaluation cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danh-Tai Hoang
- Biological Data Science Institute, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | | | - Eldad D Shulman
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leandro C Hermida
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Katherine Caley
- Biological Data Science Institute, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Stephen-John Sammut
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sanju Sinha
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neelam Sinha
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher H Dampier
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chani Stossel
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center at Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tejas Patil
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Arun Rajan
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wiem Lassoued
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julius Strauss
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shania Bailey
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clint Allen
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason Redman
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Peng Jiang
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Talia Golan
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center at Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Scott Wilkinson
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon R Pine
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carlos Caldas
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Eric A Stone
- Biological Data Science Institute, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Zhou Y, Chen W, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Wang Z, Xu C, Jiang M, Chen J, Cao Z. MKI67 with arterial hypertension predict a poor survival for prostate cancer patients, a real-life investigation. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03505-5. [PMID: 38789889 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is a common urology malignant in males, ranking second globally. The disease is especially severe when diagnosed alongside hypertension. MKI67 is an established marker of neoplastic cell proliferation in humans, but the significance of its prognostic value in patients with prostate cancer and hypertension requires further research. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, we evaluated 296 hypertensive prostate cancer patients between March 2, 2012, and November 1, 2015. We used Cox regression models and prediction analysis to assess overall survival. Furthermore, we created a nomogram and verified its accuracy using a calibration curve. RESULTS Of all participants, 101 (34.12%) died. Our multi-factor analysis revealed that MKI67 expression was associated with an increased hazard ratio of death (> fivefold) (Hazard Ratio 5.829, 95% CI 3.349-10.138, p value < 0.01) and progression (twofold) (HR 2.059, 95% CI 1.368-3.102, p value < 0.01). Our Lasso analysis model displayed that several factors, including heart failure, smoking, ACS, serum albumin, Gealson score, prognostic nutritional index, MKI67 expression, surgery, and stage were high risks of prostate cancer. To ensure each covariate's contribution to cancer prognosis, we created a Cox model nomogram, which accurately predicted the risk of death (C-statistic of 0.8289) and had a proper calibration plot for risk assessment. CONCLUSION MKI67 expression predicts poor outcomes for overall mortality in prostate cancer and hypertension patients. Additionally, our cross-validated multivariate score, which includes MKI67, demonstrated accuracy efficacy of predicting prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, No.2666 Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Weihai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, No.2666 Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuke Zhang
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, No.2666 Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenfan Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, No.2666 Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, No.2666 Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Minjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, No.2666 Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jianchun Chen
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, No.2666 Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhijun Cao
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, No.2666 Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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5
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Spyratou V, Freyhult E, Bergh A, Thellenberg-Karlsson C, Wikström P, Welén K, Josefsson A. Ki67 and prostate specific antigen are prognostic in metastatic hormone naïve prostate cancer. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:1698-1706. [PMID: 37713321 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2254480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For metastatic hormone naïve prostate cancer patients, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with escalation therapy including docetaxel and/or androgen targeting drugs is the standard therapy. However, de-escalation is preferable to avoid unnecessary side effects, especially from docetaxel, but markers to identify these patients are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of PSA and Ki67 immunoreactive scores as prognostic and treatment-predictive markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prostate biopsies from 92 patients with metastatic hormone naïve PC (PSA > 80 ng/mL or clinical metastases) were immunohistochemically evaluated for PSA and Ki67. Gene expression analysis was performed with Clariom D microarrays to identify the phenotypic profile associated with the immunohistochemistry scores of biopsies. Cox regression analysis for progression free survival after ADT adjustment for age, ISUP, and serum PSA and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess prognostic values of Ki67, PSA, and the Ki67/PSA ratio. RESULTS The immunohistochemical score for PSA was the strongest prognostic factor for progression-free and overall survival after ADT. Consequently, the ratio between Ki67 and PSA displayed a stronger prognostic value than Ki67 itself. Further, mRNA expression data analysis showed an association between high Ki67/PSA ratio, cell-cycle regulation, and DNA damage repair. In an exploratory sub-analysis of 12 patients treated with early docetaxel as addition to ADT and matched controls, a high Ki67/PSA ratio showed potential to identify those who benefit from docetaxel. CONCLUSION PSA and Ki67 immunoreactive scores are prognostic in the metastatic hormone-sensitive setting, with PSA being superior. The combination of Ki67 and PSA did not give additional prognostic value. The results suggest immunohistochemical scoring of PSA to have potential to improve identification of patients responding well to ADT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Spyratou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Pernilla Wikström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Welén
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Josefsson
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Xue J, Yang W, Wang X, Wang P, Meng X, Yu T, Fan C. A transcriptome sequencing study on the effect of macro-pores in hydrogel scaffolds on global gene expression of laden human cartilage chondrocytes. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35609582 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac7304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The macro-porous hydrogel scaffolds can not only enhance the proliferation of laden chondrocytes but also favor the deposition of hyaline cartilaginous extracellular matrix, however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Herein, the global gene expression of human cartilage chondrocytes (HCCs) encapsulated in traditional hydrogel (Gel) constructs and micro-cavitary gel (MCG) constructs are investigated by using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the HCCs cultured in Gel and MCG constructs have been identified via bioinformatics analysis. Significantly, the DEGs that promote cell proliferation (e.g. POSTN, MKI67, KIF20A) or neo-cartilage formation (e.g. COL2, ASPN, COMP, FMOD, FN1), are more highly expressed in MCG constructs than in Gel constructs, while the expressions of the DEGs associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy (e.g. EGR1, IBSP) are upregulated in Gel constructs. The expression of representative DEGs is verified at both mRNA and protein levels. Besides, cellular viability and morphology as well as the enriched signaling pathway of DEGs are studied in detail. These results of this work may provide data for functional tissue engineering of cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Xue
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyan Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Meng
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Fan
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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7
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Metronomic Chemotherapy in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102853. [PMID: 35628979 PMCID: PMC9143236 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium associated with the introduction of novel endocrine therapies, cytotoxic agents, radiopharmaceuticals, and PARP inhibitors, progression of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) beyond treatment options remains the leading cause of death in advanced prostate cancer patients. Metronomic chemotherapy (MC) is an old concept of wise utilization of cytotoxic agents administered continuously and at low doses. The metronomic is unique due to its multidimensional mechanisms of action involving: (i) inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, (ii) inhibition of angiogenesis, (iii) mitigation of tumor-related immunosuppression, (iv) impairment of cancer stem cell functions, and (v) modulation of tumor and host microbiome. MC has been extensively studied in advanced prostate cancer before the advent of novel therapies, and its actual activity in contemporary, heavily pretreated mCRPC patients is unknown. We have conducted a prospective analysis of consecutive cases of mCRPC patients who failed all available standard therapies to find the optimal MC regimen for phase II studies. The metronomic combination of weekly paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 i.v. with capecitabine 1500 mg/d p.o. and cyclophosphamide 50 mg/d p.o. was selected as the preferred regimen for a planned phase II study in heavily pretreated mCRPC patients.
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8
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Lee MKI, Rabindranath M, Faust K, Yao J, Gershon A, Alsafwani N, Diamandis P. Compound computer vision workflow for efficient and automated immunohistochemical analysis of whole slide images. J Clin Pathol 2022:jclinpath-2021-208020. [PMID: 35169066 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-208020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessment of tissue is a central component of the modern pathology workflow, but quantification is challenged by subjective estimates by pathologists or manual steps in semi-automated digital tools. This study integrates various computer vision tools to develop a fully automated workflow for quantifying Ki-67, a standard IHC test used to assess cell proliferation on digital whole slide images (WSIs). METHODS We create an automated nuclear segmentation strategy by deploying a Mask R-CNN classifier to recognise and count 3,3'-diaminobenzidine positive and negative nuclei. To further improve automation, we replaced manual selection of regions of interest (ROIs) by aligning Ki-67 WSIs with corresponding H&E-stained sections, using scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and a conventional histomorphological convolutional neural networks to define tumour-rich areas for quantification. RESULTS The Mask R-CNN was tested on 147 images generated from 34 brain tumour Ki-67 WSIs and showed a high concordance with aggregate pathologists' estimates ([Formula: see text] assessors; [Formula: see text] r=0.9750). Concordance of each assessor's Ki-67 estimates was higher when compared with the Mask R-CNN than between individual assessors (ravg=0.9322 vs 0.8703; p=0.0213). Coupling the Mask R-CNN with SIFT-CNN workflow demonstrated ROIs can be automatically chosen and partially sampled to improve automation and dramatically decrease computational time (average: 88.55-19.28 min; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We show how innovations in computer vision can be serially compounded to automate and improve implementation in clinical workflows. Generalisation of this approach to other ancillary studies has significant implications for computational pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kyung Ik Lee
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madhumitha Rabindranath
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Faust
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennie Yao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Gershon
- Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noor Alsafwani
- Pathology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Phedias Diamandis
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Jayathilake AG, Kadife E, Kuol N, Luwor RB, Nurgali K, Su XQ. Krill oil supplementation reduces the growth of CT-26 orthotopic tumours in Balb/c mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:34. [PMID: 35120511 PMCID: PMC8817584 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that the free fatty acid extract (FFAE) of krill oil (KO) significantly inhibits the proliferation and migration, and induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo efficacy of various doses of KO supplementation on the inhibition of CRC tumour growth, molecular markers of proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream molecular signalling. Methods Male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups with five in each group. The control (untreated) group received standard chow diet; and other three groups received KO supplementation at 5%, 10%, and 15% of their daily dietary intake respectively for three weeks before and after the orthotopic implantation of CT-26 CRC cells in their caecum. The expression of cell proliferation marker Ki-67 and angiogenesis marker CD-31 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), protein kinase B (AKT), pAKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), pERK1/2, cleaved caspase-7, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and DNA/RNA damage were determined by western blot. Results KO supplementation reduced the CRC tumour growth in a dose-dependent manner; with 15% of KO being the most effective in reduction of tumour weight and volume (68.5% and 68.3% respectively, P < 0.001), inhibition of cell proliferation by 69.9% (P < 0.001) and microvessel density by 72.7% (P < 0.001). The suppressive effects of KO on EGFR and its downstream signalling, ERK1/2 and AKT, were consistent with our previous in vitro observations. Furthermore, KO exhibited pro-apoptotic effects on tumour cells as indicated by an increase in the expression of cleaved PARP by 3.9-fold and caspase-7 by 8.9-fold. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that KO supplementation reduces CRC tumour growth by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and blood vessel formation and inducing apoptosis of tumour cells. These anti-cancer effects are associated with the downregulation of the EGFR signalling pathway and activation of caspase-7, PARP cleavage, and DNA/RNA damage. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03521-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elif Kadife
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Nyanbol Kuol
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Rodney Brain Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao Qun Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.
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10
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Leudjo Taka A, Tata CM, Klink MJ, Mbianda XY, Mtunzi FM, Naidoo EB. A Review on Conventional and Advanced Methods for Nanotoxicology Evaluation of Engineered Nanomaterials. Molecules 2021; 26:6536. [PMID: 34770945 PMCID: PMC8588160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology can be defined as the field of science and technology that studies material at nanoscale (1-100 nm). These nanomaterials, especially carbon nanostructure-based composites and biopolymer-based nanocomposites, exhibit excellent chemical, physical, mechanical, electrical, and many other properties beneficial for their application in many consumer products (e.g., industrial, food, pharmaceutical, and medical). The current literature reports that the increased exposure of humans to nanomaterials could toxicologically affect their environment. Hence, this paper aims to present a review on the possible nanotoxicology assays that can be used to evaluate the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials. The different ways humans are exposed to nanomaterials are discussed, and the recent toxicity evaluation approaches of these nanomaterials are critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Leudjo Taka
- Department of Chemistry/Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (F.M.M.); (E.B.N.)
- Institute of Chemical & Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park, Sebokeng 1983, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Mungho Tata
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (C.M.T.); (X.Y.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bamenda, Bambili 00237, Cameroon
| | - Michael John Klink
- Department of Chemistry/Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (F.M.M.); (E.B.N.)
| | - Xavier Yangkou Mbianda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (C.M.T.); (X.Y.M.)
| | - Fanyana Moses Mtunzi
- Department of Chemistry/Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (F.M.M.); (E.B.N.)
- Institute of Chemical & Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park, Sebokeng 1983, South Africa
| | - Eliazer Bobby Naidoo
- Department of Chemistry/Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (F.M.M.); (E.B.N.)
- Institute of Chemical & Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park, Sebokeng 1983, South Africa
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11
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Rüschoff JH, Stratton S, Roberts E, Clark S, Sebastiao N, Fankhauser CD, Eberli D, Moch H, Wild PJ, Rupp NJ. A novel 5x multiplex immunohistochemical staining reveals PSMA as a helpful marker in prostate cancer with low p504s expression. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 228:153667. [PMID: 34717149 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to combine multiple immunohistochemical (IHC) markers within a single tissue section facilitates the evaluation and detection of co-expressions, while saving tissue. A newly developed 5x multiplex (MPX) IHC staining of five different IHC markers (Basal cell cocktail (34βE12 + p63), p504s (SP116), ERG (EPR3864), Ki-67 (30-9), PSMA (EP192)) was applied on whole sections of n = 37 radical prostatectomies (RPE) including normal and cancerous tissue. Four different colors including brown, magenta, yellow and teal coded for different stainings, whereas magenta was used twice for nuclear Ki-67 and cytosolic / membranous PSMA. The staining of multiplex IHC was compared to single stains of ERG, PSMA and p504s. The proper staining of the basal cell cocktail and Ki-67 could be assessed by internal positive controls in the multiplex staining. The proportion of PSMA and p504s expression revealed a significant correlation between multiplex and single stains (p < 0.01) as well as a concordant staining pattern for ERG (n = 14 prostate cancers were identified ERG positive with both methods). Our proof of concept study demonstrates a robust staining pattern of all five different antibodies with this newly developed 5x MPX IHC. This approach facilitates the recognition of prostate cancer, in particular by adding PSMA in cases with low p504s expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Rüschoff
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian D Fankhauser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich; Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trusts, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Wild
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Niels J Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Kwon HS, Kim YE, Park HH, Son JW, Choi H, Lee YJ, Kim HY, Lee KY, Koh SH. Neuroprotective Effects of GV1001 in Animal Stroke Model and Neural Cells Subject to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury. J Stroke 2021; 23:420-436. [PMID: 34649386 PMCID: PMC8521247 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2021.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Previous studies have revealed the diverse neuroprotective effects of GV1001. In this study, we investigated the effects of GV1001 on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury in neural stem cells (NSCs) and cortical neurons.
Methods Focal cerebral IRI was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed 2 hours after occlusion, and a total of 37 rats were treated by reperfusion with GV1001 or saline 2 hours after occlusion. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging, immunohistochemistry, and neurobehavioral function analyses were performed. Additionally, OGD/R-injured NSCs and cortical neurons were treated with different GV1001 concentrations. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress were determined by diverse molecular analyses.
Results In the stroke model, GV1001 protected neural cells against IRI. The most effective dose of GV1001 was 60 μM/kg. The infarct volume on FLAIR 48 hours after MCAO compared to lesion volume on DWI showed a significantly smaller ratio in the GV1001-treated group. GV1001-treated rats exhibited better behavioral functions than the saline-treated rats. Treatment with GV1001 increased the viability, proliferation, and migration of the OGD/R-injured NSCs. Free radicals were significantly restored by treatment with GV1001. These neuroprotective effects of GV1001 have also been demonstrated in OGD/R-injured cortical neurons. Conclusions The results suggest that GV1001 has neuroprotective effects against IRI in NSCs, cortical neurons, and the rat brain. These effects are mediated through the induction of cellular proliferation, mitochondrial stabilization, and anti-apoptotic, anti-aging, and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Sung Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hangyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Ye Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hangyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hangyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Son
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hangyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hangyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hangyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Yong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hangyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hangyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Belderbos RA, Maat APWM, Baart SJ, Madsen EVE, Bogers AJJC, Cornelissen R, Aerts JGJV, Mahtab EAF, von der Thüsen JH. Ki67 (MIB-1) as a Prognostic Marker for Clinical Decision Making Before Extended Pleurectomy Decortication in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. JTO Clin Res Rep 2021; 2:100155. [PMID: 34590009 PMCID: PMC8474452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of surgery for early stage malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) remains controversial. Current expert opinion is only to treat patients surgically as part of multimodality therapy. It is still challenging to identify patients who will not benefit from surgery. We specifically evaluated tumor-related parameters in combination with clinical parameters to identify prognostic markers for survival. Methods Clinical data of 27 consecutive patients with MPM treated with extended pleurectomy and decortication within a multimodality approach were collected and analyzed. Several tumor (immuno-)histopathologic characteristics were determined on resected tumor material, among which MTAP and Ki67 (MIB-1). Univariable and multivariable analyses served to correlate clinical and tumor-related parameters to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results The median PFS (mPFS) was 15.3, and the median OS (mOS) was 26.5 months. Patients with a Ki67 score greater than 10% had a significantly shorter PFS (mPFS = 8.81 versus 25.35 mo, p = 0.001) and OS (mOS 19.7 versus 44.5 mo, p = 0.002) than those with a Ki67 score less than or equal to 10. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for Ki67 revealed an area under the curve of 0.756 with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 71% for a cutoff of 10% for Ki67. Patients with loss of MTAP had a significantly shorter mPFS (9 versus 21.1 mo, p = 0.014) and mOS (19.7 versus 42.6 mo, p = 0.047) than those without MTAP loss. Conclusions In our study, Ki67 was prognostic for OS and PFS in patients with MPM treated with extended pleurectomy/decortication in a multimodality approach. Determination of Ki67 before surgery combined with specific clinical parameters could assist in clinical decision making by identifying patients, with high Ki67, who are unlikely to benefit from surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Belderbos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander P W M Maat
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara J Baart
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva V E Madsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ad J J C Bogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Cornelissen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edris A F Mahtab
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Vlajnic T, Brunner P, Eppenberger-Castori S, Rentsch CA, Zellweger T, Bubendorf L. High Inter- and Intratumoral Variability of Ki67 Labeling Index in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer with High Gleason Scores. Pathobiology 2021; 89:74-80. [PMID: 34555829 DOI: 10.1159/000519007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of studies investigating the role of Ki67 labeling index (LI) in prostate carcinoma (PC) focused on localized PC treated radically, where Ki67 LI is regarded as a prognostic marker. The relevance of Ki67 in advanced PC remains largely unexplored. While Gleason score is still one of the best indicators of clinical outcomes in PC, differences in progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with high Gleason scores suggest that additional factors are involved in tumor progression. Understanding the underlying mechanisms could help to optimize treatment strategies for an individual patient. Here, we aimed to determine the inter- and intratumoral distribution of Ki67 LI in patients with PC with high Gleason scores and to correlate Ki67 LI with the status of ERG, PTEN, and Bcl-2. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for Ki67, ERG, PTEN, and Bcl-2 was performed on core needle biopsies from 112 patients with newly diagnosed PC Gleason score 8, 9, and 10. RESULTS Using a cutoff of ≥10%, 17/112 cases (15%) had a homogeneously low and 95/112 cases (85%) a high Ki67 LI. 41% of cases showed intratumoral heterogeneity containing areas with low and high proliferation. There was no association between Ki67 LI and ERG, PTEN, or Bcl-2 status. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate major inter- and intratumoral variability of Ki67 LI in high-grade PC with a surprisingly low Ki67 LI in a subset of cases. Further studies are necessary to explore the molecular basis and potential clinical implications of a paradoxically low proliferation rate in high-grade PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vlajnic
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Brunner
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serenella Eppenberger-Castori
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cyrill A Rentsch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Ando T, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Ichikawa J, Ochiai T, Yoshida Y, Haro H, Suzuki-Karasaki Y. Combined Anticancer Effect of Plasma-Activated Infusion and Salinomycin by Targeting Autophagy and Mitochondrial Morphology. Front Oncol 2021; 11:593127. [PMID: 34150606 PMCID: PMC8212785 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.593127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP)-activated liquids have emerged as new promising anticancer agents because they preferentially injure malignant cells. Here, we report plasma-activated infusion (PAI) as a novel NTAPP-based anti-neoplastic agent. PAI was prepared by irradiating helium NTAP to form a clinically approved infusion fluid. PAI dose-dependently killed malignant melanoma and osteosarcoma cell lines while showing much lower cytotoxic effects on dermal and lung fibroblasts. We found that PAI and salinomycin (Sal), an emerging anticancer stem cell agent, mutually operated as adjuvants. The combined administration of PAI and Sal was much more effective than single-agent application in reducing the growth and lung metastasis of osteosarcoma allografts with minimal adverse effects. Mechanistically, PAI explicitly induced necroptosis and increased the phosphorylation of receptor-interacting protein 1/3 rapidly and transiently. PAI also suppressed the ambient autophagic flux by activating the mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. PAI increased the phosphorylation of Raptor, Rictor, and p70-S6 kinase, along with decreased LC3-I/II expression. In contrast, Sal promoted autophagy. Moreover, Sal exacerbated the mitochondrial network collapse caused by PAI, resulting in aberrant clustering of fragmented mitochondrial in a tumor-specific manner. Our findings suggest that combined administration of PAI and Sal is a promising approach for treating these apoptosis-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamanashi University School of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manami Suzuki-Karasaki
- Department of Research and Development, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Miki Suzuki-Karasaki
- Department of Research and Development, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jiro Ichikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamanashi University School of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toyoko Ochiai
- Department of Research and Development, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Nihon University Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamanashi University School of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki-Karasaki
- Department of Research and Development, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
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16
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Epstein JI, Amin MB, Fine SW, Algaba F, Aron M, Baydar DE, Beltran AL, Brimo F, Cheville JC, Colecchia M, Comperat E, da Cunha IW, Delprado W, DeMarzo AM, Giannico GA, Gordetsky JB, Guo CC, Hansel DE, Hirsch MS, Huang J, Humphrey PA, Jimenez RE, Khani F, Kong Q, Kryvenko ON, Kunju LP, Lal P, Latour M, Lotan T, Maclean F, Magi-Galluzzi C, Mehra R, Menon S, Miyamoto H, Montironi R, Netto GJ, Nguyen JK, Osunkoya AO, Parwani A, Robinson BD, Rubin MA, Shah RB, So JS, Takahashi H, Tavora F, Tretiakova MS, True L, Wobker SE, Yang XJ, Zhou M, Zynger DL, Trpkov K. The 2019 Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) White Paper on Contemporary Grading of Prostate Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 145:461-493. [PMID: 32589068 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0015-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Controversies and uncertainty persist in prostate cancer grading. OBJECTIVE.— To update grading recommendations. DATA SOURCES.— Critical review of the literature along with pathology and clinician surveys. CONCLUSIONS.— Percent Gleason pattern 4 (%GP4) is as follows: (1) report %GP4 in needle biopsy with Grade Groups (GrGp) 2 and 3, and in needle biopsy on other parts (jars) of lower grade in cases with at least 1 part showing Gleason score (GS) 4 + 4 = 8; and (2) report %GP4: less than 5% or less than 10% and 10% increments thereafter. Tertiary grade patterns are as follows: (1) replace "tertiary grade pattern" in radical prostatectomy (RP) with "minor tertiary pattern 5 (TP5)," and only use in RP with GrGp 2 or 3 with less than 5% Gleason pattern 5; and (2) minor TP5 is noted along with the GS, with the GrGp based on the GS. Global score and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsies are as follows: (1) when multiple undesignated cores are taken from a single MRI-targeted lesion, an overall grade for that lesion is given as if all the involved cores were one long core; and (2) if providing a global score, when different scores are found in the standard and the MRI-targeted biopsy, give a single global score (factoring both the systematic standard and the MRI-targeted positive cores). Grade Groups are as follows: (1) Grade Groups (GrGp) is the terminology adopted by major world organizations; and (2) retain GS 3 + 5 = 8 in GrGp 4. Cribriform carcinoma is as follows: (1) report the presence or absence of cribriform glands in biopsy and RP with Gleason pattern 4 carcinoma. Intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P) is as follows: (1) report IDC-P in biopsy and RP; (2) use criteria based on dense cribriform glands (>50% of the gland is composed of epithelium relative to luminal spaces) and/or solid nests and/or marked pleomorphism/necrosis; (3) it is not necessary to perform basal cell immunostains on biopsy and RP to identify IDC-P if the results would not change the overall (highest) GS/GrGp part per case; (4) do not include IDC-P in determining the final GS/GrGp on biopsy and/or RP; and (5) "atypical intraductal proliferation (AIP)" is preferred for an intraductal proliferation of prostatic secretory cells which shows a greater degree of architectural complexity and/or cytological atypia than typical high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, yet falling short of the strict diagnostic threshold for IDC-P. Molecular testing is as follows: (1) Ki67 is not ready for routine clinical use; (2) additional studies of active surveillance cohorts are needed to establish the utility of PTEN in this setting; and (3) dedicated studies of RNA-based assays in active surveillance populations are needed to substantiate the utility of these expensive tests in this setting. Artificial intelligence and novel grading schema are as follows: (1) incorporating reactive stromal grade, percent GP4, minor tertiary GP5, and cribriform/intraductal carcinoma are not ready for adoption in current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Epstein
- From the Departments of Pathology (Epstein, DeMarzo, Lotan), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Urology (Epstein), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (Huang).,and Oncology (Epstein), The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Urology, University of Tennessee Health Science, Memphis (Amin)
| | - Samson W Fine
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Fine)
| | - Ferran Algaba
- Department of Pathology, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain (Algaba)
| | - Manju Aron
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Aron)
| | - Dilek E Baydar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey (Baydar)
| | - Antonio Lopez Beltran
- Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal (Beltran)
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (Brimo)
| | - John C Cheville
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Cheville, Jimenez)
| | - Maurizio Colecchia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (Colecchia)
| | - Eva Comperat
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (Comperat)
| | | | | | - Angelo M DeMarzo
- From the Departments of Pathology (Epstein, DeMarzo, Lotan), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giovanna A Giannico
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Giannico, Gordetsky)
| | - Jennifer B Gordetsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Giannico, Gordetsky)
| | - Charles C Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Guo)
| | - Donna E Hansel
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (Hansel)
| | - Michelle S Hirsch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Hirsch)
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (Huang)
| | - Peter A Humphrey
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Humphrey)
| | - Rafael E Jimenez
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Cheville, Jimenez)
| | - Francesca Khani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (Khani, Robinson)
| | - Qingnuan Kong
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China (Kong).,Kong is currently located at Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Oleksandr N Kryvenko
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida (Kryvenko)
| | - L Priya Kunju
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Kunju, Mehra)
| | - Priti Lal
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Lal)
| | - Mathieu Latour
- Department of Pathology, CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (Latour)
| | - Tamara Lotan
- From the Departments of Pathology (Epstein, DeMarzo, Lotan), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fiona Maclean
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia (Maclean)
| | - Cristina Magi-Galluzzi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (Magi-Galluzzi, Netto)
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Kunju, Mehra)
| | - Santosh Menon
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India (Menon)
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (Miyamoto)
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy (Montironi)
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (Magi-Galluzzi, Netto)
| | - Jane K Nguyen
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (Nguyen)
| | - Adeboye O Osunkoya
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (Osunkoya)
| | - Anil Parwani
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus (Parwani, Zynger)
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (Khani, Robinson)
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (Rubin)
| | - Rajal B Shah
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Shah)
| | - Jeffrey S So
- Institute of Pathology, St Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City and Global City, Philippines (So)
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takahashi)
| | - Fabio Tavora
- Argos Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil (Tavora)
| | - Maria S Tretiakova
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Tretiakova, True)
| | - Lawrence True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Tretiakova, True)
| | - Sara E Wobker
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Wobker)
| | - Ximing J Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (Yang)
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Zhou)
| | - Debra L Zynger
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus (Parwani, Zynger)
| | - Kiril Trpkov
- and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Trpkov)
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17
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Pănuş A, Mărgăritescu C, Drăgoescu PO, Tomescu PI, Ştefănescu ML, Stepan AE. The role of androgen receptors in vascular and cell proliferation of the prostate adenocarcinomas. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:803-811. [PMID: 33817721 PMCID: PMC8112791 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PA) is by incidence and prognosis a unique model for investigating the biomolecular mechanisms involved in tumor progression. In this study, we analyzed the immunoexpression of androgen receptor (AR), cluster of differentiation 105 (CD105) and Ki67 for 61 cases of PA, in relation to the main clinicopathological parameters of the lesions. The AR scores, CD105 microvessel density (MVD) and Ki67 proliferation index (PI) were significantly higher in patients with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) above 20 ng/mL, in ductal, colloid and sarcomatoid types of PA, in growth patterns 4–5 or mixed, respectively in the case of high-grade advanced stage tumors, with perineural and vascular invasion, as well as in groups with a reserved prognosis. The results obtained, reflected in the positive linear correlation of AR, CD105 and Ki67 expression, indicate synchronous endocrine, angiogenic and proliferative mechanisms involved in tumor progression, which can be used to optimize the targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Pănuş
- Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; ,
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18
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Hasan MF, Ganapathy K, Sun J, Khatib A, Andl T, Soulakova JN, Coppola D, Zhang W, Chakrabarti R. LncRNA PAINT is associated with aggressive prostate cancer and dysregulation of cancer hallmark genes. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:10.1002/ijc.33569. [PMID: 33729568 PMCID: PMC9211384 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play regulatory role in cellular processes and their aberrant expression may drive cancer progression. Here we report the function of a lncRNA PAINT (prostate cancer associated intergenic noncoding transcript) in promoting prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Upregulation of PAINT was noted in advanced stage and metastatic PCa. Inhibition of PAINT decreased cell proliferation, S-phase progression, increased expression of apoptotic markers, and improved sensitivity to docetaxel and Aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680. Inhibition of PAINT decreased cell migration and reduced expression of Slug and Vimentin. Ectopic expression of PAINT suppressed E-cadherin, increased S-phase progression and cell migration. PAINT expression in PCa cells induced larger colony formation, increased tumor growth and higher expression of mesenchymal markers. Transcriptome analysis followed by qRT-PCR validation showed differentially expressed genes involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis and drug resistance in PAINT-expressing cells. Our study establishes an oncogenic function of PAINT in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faqrul Hasan
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kavya Ganapathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ayman Khatib
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Julia N. Soulakova
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Florida Digestive Health Specialists, Bradenton, Florida
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ratna Chakrabarti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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19
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Liu MS, Zhao H, Xu CX, Xie PB, Wang W, Yang YY, Lee WH, Jin Y, Zhou HQ. Clinical significance of EPHX2 deregulation in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:109-115. [PMID: 32687069 PMCID: PMC7831821 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_34_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathway participates in various physiological processes as well as in the development of malignancies. We analyzed genomic alterations in AA metabolic enzymes in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate cancer (PCa) dataset and found that the gene encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) is frequently deleted in PCa. EPHX2 mRNA and protein expression in PCa was examined in multiple datasets by differential gene expression analysis and in a tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry. The expression data were analyzed in conjunction with clinicopathological variables. Both the mRNA and protein expression levels of EPHX2 were significantly decreased in tumors compared with normal prostate tissues and were inversely correlated with the Gleason grade and disease-free survival time. Furthermore, EPHX2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in metastatic and recurrent PCa compared with localized and primary PCa, respectively. In addition, EPHX2 protein expression correlated negatively with Ki67 expression. In conclusion, EPHX2 deregulation is significantly correlated with the clinical characteristics of PCa progression and may serve as a prognostic marker for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Liu
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650332, China
| | - Chen-Xiang Xu
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Ping-Bo Xie
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Ying-Yu Yang
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lee
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing 655000, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Hong-Qing Zhou
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing 655000, China
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20
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Ando T, Ichikawa J, Fujimaki T, Taniguchi N, Takayama Y, Haro H. Gemcitabine and Rapamycin Exhibit Additive Effect against Osteosarcoma by Targeting Autophagy and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113097. [PMID: 33114161 PMCID: PMC7690839 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall prognosis for sarcoma-based cancer patients has remained largely unchanged over the past 10 years. Because there is no effective anticancer drug for patients with chemoresistant osteosarcoma (OS), novel approaches are needed to improve the prognosis. Here, we investigated whether rapamycin (Rapa) could enhance the anti-tumor effects of gemcitabine (Gem) in OS. Gem dose-dependently killed the OS cells, but exhibited much lower cytotoxicity on osteoblasts. Treatment with a combination Gem and Rapa was much more effective than that of either single agent with respect to reducing cell viability, cell invasion, cell migration, and vascular endothelial growth factor production in vitro. Moreover, the combination of these agents suppressed tumor growth, angiogenesis, and lung metastasis in allograft and xenograft murine models of OS with minimal adverse effects. Overall, the combination therapy prolonged the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, Gem induced apoptosis and increased the levels of cleaved caspases, while Rapa induced autophagy and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-I/LC3-II expression both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that chemotherapy using Gem combined with Rapa may be a novel and promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of OS.
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21
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Cervantes-Badillo MG, Paredes-Villa A, Gómez-Romero V, Cervantes-Roldán R, Arias-Romero LE, Villamar-Cruz O, González-Montiel M, Barrios-García T, Cabrera-Quintero AJ, Rodríguez-Gómez G, Cancino-Villeda L, Zentella-Dehesa A, León-Del-Río A. IFI27/ISG12 Downregulates Estrogen Receptor α Transactivation by Facilitating Its Interaction With CRM1/XPO1 in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568375. [PMID: 33117284 PMCID: PMC7575815 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.568375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor whose activity is modulated by its interaction with multiple protein complexes. In this work, we have identified the protein interferon alpha inducible protein 27 (IFI27/ISG12) as a novel ERα-associated protein. IFI27/ISG12 transcription is regulated by interferon and estradiol and its overexpression is associated to reduced overall survival in ER+ breast cancer patients but its function in mammary gland tissue remains elusive. In this study we showed that overexpression of IFI27/ISG12 in breast cancer cells attenuates ERα transactivation activity and the expression of ERα-dependent genes. Our results demonstrated that IFI27/ISG12 overexpression in MCF-7 cells reduced their proliferation rate in 2-D and 3-D cell culture assays and impaired their ability to migrate in a wound-healing assay. We show that IFI27/ISG12 downregulation of ERα transactivation activity is mediated by its ability to facilitate the interaction between ERα and CRM1/XPO1 that mediates the nuclear export of large macromolecules to the cytoplasm. IFI27/ISG12 overexpression was shown to impair the estradiol-dependent proliferation and tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Our results suggest that IFI27/ISG12 may be an important factor in regulating ERα activity in breast cancer cells by modifying its nuclear versus cytoplasmic protein levels. We propose that IFI27/ISG12 may be a potential target of future strategies to control the growth and proliferation of ERα-positive breast cancer tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Guadalupe Cervantes-Badillo
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Paredes-Villa
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vania Gómez-Romero
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Cervantes-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Arias-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Olga Villamar-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Miroslava González-Montiel
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto J. Cabrera-Quintero
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Rodríguez-Gómez
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Cancino-Villeda
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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22
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Genomic and Functional Regulation of TRIB1 Contributes to Prostate Cancer Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092593. [PMID: 32932846 PMCID: PMC7565426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent malignancy in European men and the second worldwide. One of the major oncogenic events in this disease includes amplification of the transcription factor cMYC. Amplification of this oncogene in chromosome 8q24 occurs concomitantly with the copy number increase in a subset of neighboring genes and regulatory elements, but their contribution to disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here we show that TRIB1 is among the most robustly upregulated coding genes within the 8q24 amplicon in prostate cancer. Moreover, we demonstrate that TRIB1 amplification and overexpression are frequent in this tumor type. Importantly, we find that, parallel to its amplification, TRIB1 transcription is controlled by cMYC. Mouse modeling and functional analysis revealed that aberrant TRIB1 expression is causal to prostate cancer pathogenesis. In sum, we provide unprecedented evidence for the regulation and function of TRIB1 in prostate cancer.
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23
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R A V, Kumari S, Poddar P, Dhara D, Maiti S. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Polymers as Additive for Rapid Generation of Spheroid via Hanging Drop Method. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000180. [PMID: 32794360 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) mimics microenvironment for tumor formation and provides predictive insight for in vivo tests. The hanging drop (HD) method of spheroid generation is cost effective, but it is limited by a long time duration for spheroid development and a low rate of formation of larger spheroids. Toward addressing those limitations, thermoresponsive copolymers with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (p(NIPA)) backbone are developed, to be used as additives in the MCTS formation via HD method. Upon investigation it is found that in the presence of the polymer, robust and compact spheroids are formed in a short duration of 48 h. Larger spheroids (350-600 µm) can be formed by increasing the number of cells. Spheroids are characterized for their 3D shape and different cellular layers, and drug uptake study is done to prove the efficacy of the spheroids generated in drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh R A
- Chemical and Systems Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shalini Kumari
- Chemical and Systems Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Puja Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Dibakar Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Souvik Maiti
- Chemical and Systems Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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24
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Raspollini MR, Montagnani I, Cirri P, Baroni G, Cimadamore A, Scarpelli M, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, Barnea ER. PreImplantation Factor immunohistochemical expression correlates with prostate cancer aggressiveness. Int J Biol Markers 2020; 35:82-90. [PMID: 32389051 DOI: 10.1177/1724600820919969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PreImplantation Factor (PIF)-a peptide secreted by viable embryos-exerts autotrophic protective effects, promotes endometrial receptivity and controls trophoblast invasion. Synthetic PIF (sPIF) has both immune-protective and regenerative properties, and reduces oxidative stress and protein misfolding. PIF is detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in hyperplastic endometriotic lesions and advanced uterine cancer. sPIF reduces graft-versus-host disease while maintaining a graft-versus-leukemia effect. METHODS PIF detection in prostate cancer was assessed in 50 human prostate samples following radical prostatectomy using tumor-microarray-based IHC correlating PIF immune staining with Gleason score (GS) and cancer aggressiveness. RESULTS PIF was detected in moderate-to-high risk prostate cancer (GS 4+3 and beyond, prognostic groups 3 to 5). In prostate cancer (GS (WHO Grade Group (GG)5), PIF was detected in 50% of cases; in prostate cancer (GS 4+4 GG4), PIF was observed in 62.5% of cases; in prostate cancer (GS 4+3 GG3), PIF immunostaining was observed in 57.1% of cases. In prostate cancer, (GS 3+4 GG2) and (GS 3+3 GG1) cases where PIF staining was negative to weak, membranous staining was observed in 20% of cases (staining pattern considered negative). High-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia PIF positive stain in 28.57% of cases (6 of 21) was observed. In contrast, PIF was not detected in normal prostate glands. Importantly, sPIF added to the PC3 cell line alone or combined with prostate cancer fibroblast feeder-cells did not affect proliferation. Only when peripheral blood mononuclear cells were added to the culture, a minor increase in cell proliferation was noted, reflecting local proliferation control. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, PIF assessment could be a valuable, simple-to-use immunohistochemical biomarker to evaluate aggressiveness/prognosis in specimens from prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Montagnani
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Toscana, Italy
| | - Paolo Cirri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Scuola di Scienze della Salute Umana Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Toscana, Italy
| | - Gianna Baroni
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Toscana, Italy
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Torrette, Italy
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Torrette, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Torrette, Italy
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- BioIncept, LLC & The Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), New York, NY, USA
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25
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Longo J, Hamilton RJ, Masoomian M, Khurram N, Branchard E, Mullen PJ, Elbaz M, Hersey K, Chadwick D, Ghai S, Andrews DW, Chen EX, van der Kwast TH, Fleshner NE, Penn LZ. A pilot window-of-opportunity study of preoperative fluvastatin in localized prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:630-637. [PMID: 32203069 PMCID: PMC7655503 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. Epidemiological and pre-clinical evidence support an association between statin use and delayed prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Here, we evaluated the effects of neoadjuvant fluvastatin treatment on markers of cell proliferation and apoptosis in men with localized PCa. Methods Thirty-three men were treated daily with 80 mg fluvastatin for 4–12 weeks in a single-arm window-of-opportunity study between diagnosis of localized PCa and radical prostatectomy (RP) (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01992042). Percent Ki67 and cleaved Caspase-3 (CC3)-positive cells in tumor tissues were evaluated in 23 patients by immunohistochemistry before and after treatment. Serum and intraprostatic fluvastatin concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Baseline characteristics included a median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 6.48 ng/mL (IQR: 4.21–10.33). The median duration of fluvastatin treatment was 49 days (range: 27–102). Median serum low-density lipoprotein levels decreased by 35% after treatment, indicating patient compliance. Median PSA decreased by 12%, but this was not statistically significant in our small cohort. The mean fluvastatin concentration measured in the serum was 0.2 μM (range: 0.0–1.1 μM), and in prostatic tissue was 8.5 nM (range: 0.0–77.0 nM). At these concentrations, fluvastatin induced PCa cell death in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In patients, fluvastatin treatment did not significantly alter intratumoral Ki67 positivity; however, a median 2.7-fold increase in CC3 positivity (95% CI: 1.9–5.0, p = 0.007) was observed in post-fluvastatin RP tissues compared with matched pre-treatment biopsy controls. In a subset analysis, this increase in CC3 was more pronounced in men on fluvastatin for >50 days. Conclusions Fluvastatin prior to RP achieves measurable drug concentrations in prostatic tissue and is associated with promising effects on tumor cell apoptosis. These data warrant further investigation into the anti-neoplastic effects of statins in prostate tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Longo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Masoomian
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Najia Khurram
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Branchard
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter J Mullen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamad Elbaz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Hersey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dianne Chadwick
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sangeet Ghai
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital & University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David W Andrews
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric X Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theodorus H van der Kwast
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Linda Z Penn
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Scheinberg T, Kench J, Stockler M, Mahon KL, Sebastian L, Stricker P, Joshua AM, Woo H, Thanigasalam R, Ahmadi N, Centenera MM, Butler LM, Horvath LG. Pharmacodynamics effects of CDK4/6 inhibitor LEE011 (ribociclib) in high-risk, localised prostate cancer: a study protocol for a randomised controlled phase II trial (LEEP study: LEE011 in high-risk, localised Prostate cancer). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033667. [PMID: 31988233 PMCID: PMC7045211 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the development of new therapies for advanced prostate cancer, it remains the most common cause of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. It is critical to develop novel agents for the treatment of prostate cancer, particularly those that target aspects of androgen receptor (AR) signalling or prostate biology other than inhibition of androgen synthesis or AR binding. Neoadjuvant pharmacodynamic studies allow for a rational approach to the decisions regarding which targeted therapies should progress to phase II/III trials. CDK4/6 inhibitors have evidence of efficacy in breast cancer, and have been shown to have activity in preclinical models of hormone sensitive and castrate resistant prostate cancer. The LEEP trial aims to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of LEE011 (ribociclib), an orally bioavailable and highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, in men undergoing radical prostatectomy for high-risk, localised prostate cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The multicentre randomised, controlled 4:1 two-arm, phase II, open label pharmacodynamic study will recruit 47 men with high risk, localised prostate cancer who are planned to undergo radical prostatectomy. Participants who are randomised to receive the study treatment will be treated with LEE011 400 mg daily for 21 days for one cycle. The primary endpoint is the frequency of a 50% reduction in Ki-67 proliferation index from the pretreatment prostate biopsy compared to that present in prostate cancer tissue from radical prostatectomy. Secondary and tertiary endpoints include pharmacodynamic assessment of CDK4/6 cell cycle progression via E2F levels, apoptotic cell death by cleaved caspase-3, changes in serum and tumour levels of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), pathological regression, safety via incidence of adverse events and exploratory biomarker analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol was approved by a central ethics review committee (St Vincent's Hospital HREC) for all participating sites (HREC/17/SVH/294). Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences. DRUG SUPPLY Novartis. PROTOCOL VERSION 2.0, 30 May 2019 TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618000354280).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia Scheinberg
- Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cancer Research, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Kench
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cancer Research, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Anatomical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Stockler
- Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate L Mahon
- Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cancer Research, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucille Sebastian
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip Stricker
- Cancer Research, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Urology, St Vincent's Clinic, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Cancer Research, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Woo
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Urology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruban Thanigasalam
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Urology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Urology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Nariman Ahmadi
- Urology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret M Centenera
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa G Horvath
- Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cancer Research, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Pham DT, Skaland I, Winther TL, Salvesen Ø, Torp SH. Correlation Between Digital and Manual Determinations of Ki-67/MIB-1 Proliferative Indices in Human Meningiomas. Int J Surg Pathol 2019; 28:273-279. [PMID: 31771372 DOI: 10.1177/1066896919889148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Proliferative activity in tumor tissues is assessed as the percentage of Ki-67/MIB-1-positive cells, or the proliferative index (PI). The PI is routinely assessed manually. However, the subjectivity of manual assessments might result in poor reproducibility. We hypothesized that digital assessments might reduce the error. Method. In our study, we assessed Ki-67/MIB-1 PIs, both manually and digitally, with tissue microarrays constructed from 141 human meningioma samples. Spearman-rank correlation and κ statistics were applied for correlation and agreement analyses, respectively. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare MIB-1 PIs between groups. Prognostic ability was assessed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results. We found a significant, high correlation (Spearman ρ = 0.832, P < .01) and moderate agreement (κ coefficient = 0.617, observed agreement = 80.9%) between the 2 methods. Both methods found significantly different Ki-67/MIB-1 PIs for different World Health Organization grades (P < .05). Neither method showed significant prognostic value. Conclusion. Digital determinations of Ki-67/MIB-1 PIs in human meningiomas are feasible for the daily routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Tien Pham
- NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ivar Skaland
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Theo L Winther
- NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Salvesen
- NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sverre H Torp
- NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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28
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Jiménez-Vacas JM, Herrero-Aguayo V, Gómez-Gómez E, León-González AJ, Sáez-Martínez P, Alors-Pérez E, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Martínez-López A, Sánchez-Sánchez R, González-Serrano T, López-Ruiz DJ, Requena-Tapia MJ, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Spliceosome component SF3B1 as novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Transl Res 2019; 212:89-103. [PMID: 31344348 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers types among men. Development and progression of PCa is associated with aberrant expression of oncogenic splicing-variants (eg, AR-v7), suggesting that dysregulation of the splicing process might represent a potential actionable target for PCa. Expression levels (mRNA and protein) of SF3B1, one of the main components of the splicing machinery, were analyzed in different cohorts of PCa patients (clinically localized [n = 84], highly aggressive PCa [n = 42], and TCGA dataset [n = 497]). Functional and mechanistic assays were performed in response to pladienolide-B in nontumor and tumor-derived prostate cells. Our results revealed that SF3B1 was overexpressed in PCa tissues and its levels were associated with clinically relevant PCa-aggressive features (eg, metastasis/AR-v7 expression). Moreover, inhibition of SF3B1 activity by pladienolide-B reduced functional parameters of aggressiveness (proliferation/migration/tumorspheres-formation/apoptosis) in PCa cell lines, irrespective of AR-v7 expression, and reduced viability of primary PCa cells. Antitumor actions of pladienolide-B involved: (1) inhibition of PI3K/AKT and JNK signaling pathways, (2) modulation of tumor markers and splicing variants (AR-v7/In1-ghrelin), and (3) regulation of key components of mRNA homeostasis-associated machineries (spliceosome/SURF/EJC). Altogether, our results demonstrated that SF3B1 is overexpressed and associated with malignant features in PCa, and its inhibition reduces PCa aggressiveness, suggesting that SF3B1 could represent a novel prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J León-González
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilia Alors-Pérez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-López
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Anatomical Pathology Service, HURS, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Anatomical Pathology Service, HURS, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Teresa González-Serrano
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Anatomical Pathology Service, HURS, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Daniel J López-Ruiz
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Radiology Service, HURS/IMIBIC
| | - María J Requena-Tapia
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
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29
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Smentoch J, Szade J, Żaczek AJ, Eltze E, Semjonow A, Brandt B, Bednarz-Knoll N. Low Numbers of Vascular Vessels Correlate to Progression in Hormone-Naïve Prostate Carcinomas Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091356. [PMID: 31547460 PMCID: PMC6770894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascularization influences tumor development by supporting the nutrition and dissemination of tumor cells. On the other hand, a low number of vascular vessels (VVlow) may induce hypoxia, accounting for selection of resistant clone(s) of tumor cells. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of vascular (VV) and lymphatic vessels (LV) in prostate cancer (PCa). Tumor samples from 400 PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) were prepared in duplex as tissue microarrays. Numbers of VV and LV were evaluated using immunohistochemistry detecting CD34 and podoplanin, respectively, and correlated to clinical data, biochemical recurrence (BR), and proteins analyzed in tumor cells. VVlow and LV were found in 32% and 43% of patients with informative PCa samples, respectively. VVlow correlated with a shorter time to BR 3, 5, and 10 years after RP in hormone-naïve patients (p = 0.028, p = 0.027 and p = 0.056, respectively). It was also shown to be an independent prognostic factor 5 years after surgery (multivariate analysis, p = 0.046). Tumors characterized by VVlow expressed the epithelial cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM, less frequently (p = 0.016) and revealed a borderline correlation to increased levels of tumor cell invasion marker Loxl-2 (p = 0.059). No correlations were found for LV. In summary, VVlow in hormone-naïve patients undergoing RP has prognostic potential and seems to be related to an aggressive phenotype of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Smentoch
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-211, Poland; (J.S.)
| | - Jolanta Szade
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-214, Poland;
| | - Anna J. Żaczek
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-211, Poland; (J.S.)
| | - Elke Eltze
- Institute of Pathology Saarbruecken-Rastpfuhl, Saarbruecken 66113, Germany;
| | - Axel Semjonow
- Department of Urology, Prostate Center, University Clinic Münster, Münster 48149, Germany;
| | - Burkhard Brandt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany;
| | - Natalia Bednarz-Knoll
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-211, Poland; (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-14-34
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30
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Kammerer-Jacquet SF, Ahmad A, Møller H, Sandu H, Scardino P, Soosay G, Beltran L, Cuzick J, Berney DM. Ki-67 is an independent predictor of prostate cancer death in routine needle biopsy samples: proving utility for routine assessments. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1303-1309. [PMID: 30976102 PMCID: PMC8647491 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Standard clinical parameters fail to accurately differentiate indolent from aggressive prostate cancer. Our previous studies showed that immunohistochemical testing for Ki-67 improved prediction of prostate cancer death in a previous cohort of conservatively treated clinically localized prostate cancer. However there is a need for validation of usage with whole biopsy sections rather than tissue micro-arrays for use in routine diagnostics. Prostate cancer biopsy cases were identified in the UK, between 1990 and 2003, treated conservatively. Tumor extent and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum measurements were available. Biopsy cases were centrally reviewed by three uropathologists and Gleason conformed to contemporary ISUP 2014 criteria. Follow-up was through cancer registries up until 2012. Deaths were divided into those from prostate cancer and those from other causes. The percentage of Ki-67 in tumor cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on whole biopsy sections and was available for 756 patients. This percentage was used in analysis of cancer specific survival using a Cox proportional hazards model. In univariate analysis, the interquartile hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals) for continuous Ki-67 was 1.68 (1.49, 1.89), χ12 = 47.975, P < 0.001. In grade groups 1 and 2, continuous Ki-67 was a statistically significant predictor of time to death from prostate cancer, HR (95% CI) = 1.97 (1.34, 2.88), χ12 = 9.017, p = 0.003. In multivariate analysis, continuous Ki-67 added significant predictive information to that provided by grade groups, extent of disease and serum PSA, HR (95% CI) = 1.34 (1.16, 1.54), Δχ12 = 13.703, P < 0.001. We now advocate the introduction of Ki-67 as a viable and practicable prognostic biomarker in clinical practice. The association of Ki-67 with mortality was highest in grade groups 1 and 2, showing that Ki-67 can be used as a routine biomarker in patients being considered for active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène-Florence Kammerer-Jacquet
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1A 7BE, UK. .,Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Université Bretagne Loire, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Amar Ahmad
- UK Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, EC1A 7BE London, UK
| | - Henrik Møller
- Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health, King’s College London, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Holly Sandu
- UK Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, EC1A 7BE London, UK
| | - Peter Scardino
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065 NY, USA
| | - Geraldine Soosay
- Department of Pathology, Queen’s Hospital, Essex, RM7 0AG Romford, UK
| | - Luis Beltran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1A 7BE London, UK
| | - Jack Cuzick
- UK Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, EC1A 7BE London, UK
| | - Daniel M Berney
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1A 7BE London, UK
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31
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Pilmane M, Sidhoma E, Akota I, Kazoka D. Characterization of Cytokines and Proliferation Marker Ki67 in Cleft Affected Lip Tissue. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E518. [PMID: 31443525 PMCID: PMC6780708 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cleft lip palate takes the second place among all anomalies. The complex appearance of cytokines and proliferation markers has still not been clarified despite their possible crucial role in cleft tissue. Therefore, the aim of work was the detection of appearance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and proliferation marker Ki67, and their inter-correlations in cleft affected lip (CAL). Materials and Methods: The lip material was obtained from 16 children aged before primary dentition during plastic surgery. Control was obtained from 7 non-CAL oral tissue. Tissues were stained for IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and Ki67 immunohistochemically. Non-parametric statistic, Mann-Whitney and Spearman's coefficient were used. Results: All cytokines positive cells were observed more into the epithelium. Statistically significant difference was seen between epithelial IL-1, IL-10, IL-8 and Ki67 positive cells and IL-10-, IL-4-containing connective tissue cells in comparison to the control. Strong positive correlation was detected in CAL epithelium between IL-10 and IL-8, IL-10 and IL-4, IL-10 and IL-1, IL-1 and IL-8, IL-1 and IL-4, IL-4 and IL-8, IL-8 and Ki67, IL-10 and Ki67, but moderate-in connective tissue between IL-1 and IL-10, IL-1 and IL-4. Conclusion: The CAL epithelium is the main source for the interleukins. Rich similar expression of IL-1 and IL-10 suggests the balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory tissue response on basis of dysregulated tissue homeostasis (increase of IL-8). The correlations between the different ILs -1, -4, -8, -10 in CAL epithelium seem to indicate the self-protection compensatory mechanism for intensification of local inflammatory-immune response without involvement of IL-6. The correlations between Ki67 and cytokines indicate the involvement of IL-8 and IL-10 in stimulation of cellular proliferation. IL-4 and IL-10 expression from CAL connective tissue simultaneously to IL-1, IL-4 and IL-10 inter-correlations there suggests the intensification of local immune response regulated probably by main pro-inflammatory cytokine-IL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Pilmane
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University , Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Elga Sidhoma
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University , Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Akota
- Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 20, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dzintra Kazoka
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University , Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
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32
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Leung SCY, Nielsen TO, Zabaglo LA, Arun I, Badve SS, Bane AL, Bartlett JMS, Borgquist S, Chang MC, Dodson A, Ehinger A, Fineberg S, Focke CM, Gao D, Gown AM, Gutierrez C, Hugh JC, Kos Z, Laenkholm AV, Mastropasqua MG, Moriya T, Nofech-Mozes S, Osborne CK, Penault-Llorca FM, Piper T, Sakatani T, Salgado R, Starczynski J, Sugie T, van der Vegt B, Viale G, Hayes DF, McShane LM, Dowsett M. Analytical validation of a standardised scoring protocol for Ki67 immunohistochemistry on breast cancer excision whole sections: an international multicentre collaboration. Histopathology 2019; 75:225-235. [PMID: 31017314 DOI: 10.1111/his.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The nuclear proliferation marker Ki67 assayed by immunohistochemistry has multiple potential uses in breast cancer, but an unacceptable level of interlaboratory variability has hampered its clinical utility. The International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group has undertaken a systematic programme to determine whether Ki67 measurement can be analytically validated and standardised among laboratories. This study addresses whether acceptable scoring reproducibility can be achieved on excision whole sections. METHODS AND RESULTS Adjacent sections from 30 primary ER+ breast cancers were centrally stained for Ki67 and sections were circulated among 23 pathologists in 12 countries. All pathologists scored Ki67 by two methods: (i) global: four fields of 100 tumour cells each were selected to reflect observed heterogeneity in nuclear staining; (ii) hot-spot: the field with highest apparent Ki67 index was selected and up to 500 cells scored. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the global method [confidence interval (CI) = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.799-0.93] marginally met the prespecified success criterion (lower 95% CI ≥ 0.8), while the ICC for the hot-spot method (0.83; 95% CI = 0.74-0.90) did not. Visually, interobserver concordance in location of selected hot-spots varies between cases. The median times for scoring were 9 and 6 min for global and hot-spot methods, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The global scoring method demonstrates adequate reproducibility to warrant next steps towards evaluation for technical and clinical validity in appropriate cohorts of cases. The time taken for scoring by either method is practical using counting software we are making publicly available. Establishment of external quality assessment schemes is likely to improve the reproducibility between laboratories further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sunil S Badve
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anita L Bane
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John M S Bartlett
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin C Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Andrew Dodson
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anna Ehinger
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susan Fineberg
- Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Dongxia Gao
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Carolina Gutierrez
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Zuzana Kos
- University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Sharon Nofech-Mozes
- University of Toronto Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Kent Osborne
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Tammy Piper
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Roberto Salgado
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Starczynski
- Birmingham Heart of England, National Health Service, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Viale
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel F Hayes
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Zhang X, Jia C, Zhao Y, Dai C, Xu C. A giant primary hepatic low-grade malignant mesenchymal tumor of the liver in a teenager. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2019; 7:505-507. [PMID: 30652103 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2018.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Changjun Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chaoliu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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34
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Zhang AY, Chiam K, Haupt Y, Fox S, Birch S, Tilley W, Butler LM, Knudsen K, Comstock C, Rasiah K, Grogan J, Mahon KL, Bianco-Miotto T, Ricciardelli C, Böhm M, Henshall S, Delprado W, Stricker P, Horvath LG, Kench JG. An analysis of a multiple biomarker panel to better predict prostate cancer metastasis after radical prostatectomy. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1151-1159. [PMID: 30288742 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of individual candidate biomarkers for predicting biochemical relapse in localized prostate cancer (PCa) have been proposed. Combined biomarkers may improve prognostication, and ensuring validation against more clinically relevant endpoints are required. The Australian PCa Research Centre NSW has contributed to numerous studies of molecular biomarkers associated with biochemical relapse. In the current study, these biomarkers were re-analyzed for biochemical relapse, metastatic relapse and PCa death with extended follow-up. Biomarkers of significance were then used to develop a combined prognostic model for clinical outcomes and validated in a large independent cohort. The discovery cohort (n = 324) was based on 12 biomarkers with a median follow-up of 16 years. Seven biomarkers were significantly associated with biochemical relapse. Three biomarkers were associated with metastases: AZGP1, Ki67 and PML. Only AZGP1 was associated with PCa death. In their individual and combinational forms, AZGP1 and Ki67 as a dual BM signature was the most robust predictor of metastatic relapse (AUC 0.762). The AZPG1 and Ki67 signature was validated in an independent cohort of 347 PCa patients. The dual BM signature of AZGP1 and Ki67 predicted metastasis in the univariable (HR 7.2, 95% CI, 1.6-32; p = 0.01) and multivariable analysis (HR 5.4, 95% CI, 1.2-25; p = 0.03). The dual biomarker signature marginally improved risk prediction compared to AZGP1 alone (AUC 0.758 versus 0.738, p < 0.001). Our findings indicate that biochemical relapse is not an adequate surrogate for metastasis or PCa death. The dual biomarker signature of AZGP1 and Ki67 offers a small benefit in predicting metastasis over AZGP1 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Y Zhang
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Chiam
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Woolloomooloo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone Birch
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wayne Tilley
- Freemason's Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Freemason's Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karen Knudsen
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, US
| | - Clay Comstock
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, US
| | | | - Judith Grogan
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate L Mahon
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maret Böhm
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan Henshall
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Warick Delprado
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip Stricker
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Department of Urology, St Vincent's Clinic, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G Horvath
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - James G Kench
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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35
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Zhang Z, Xie H, Zhu S, Chen X, Yu J, Shen T, Li X, Shang Z, Niu Y. High Expression of KIF22/Kinesin-Like DNA Binding Protein (Kid) as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Prostate Cancer Patients. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8190-8197. [PMID: 30427826 PMCID: PMC6247746 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kid (kinesin-like DNA binding protein), a member of microtubule-dependent molecular motor proteins, also known as KIF22, is reported to be associated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression in different types of malignant tumor, but the biologic behavior and clinical outcome of KIF22 in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been well studied. This study aimed to analyze the association between KIF22 and clinical outcome in PCa patients. Material/Methods The expression of KIF22 in tumor specimens compared with paired paracancerous tissue from 114 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy was detected by immunohistochemistry; results were verified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, the relationship between KIF22 expression and clinical prognosis of PCa patients was then statistically analyzed. Results Both immunohistochemistry and database analysis showed that KIF22 was obviously overexpressed in PCa tissues compared with paracancerous tissue. The overexpression of KIF22 at the protein level was significantly related to higher clinical stage (P=0.025), Gleason score (P=0.002), seminal vesicle invasion (P=0.007), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.009). Furthermore, with the overexpression of KIF22 mRNA level in PCa patients, the oncological prognosis of PCa patients was much poorer. Conclusions High-level expression of KIF22 was related to both tumor progression and adverse clinical outcome. For this reason, KIF22 may become a potential prognostic factor for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Shimiao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xuanrong Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jianpeng Yu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Tianyun Shen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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36
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Yang T, Jing Y, Dong J, Yu X, Zhong M, Pascal LE, Wang D, Zhang Z, Qiao B, Wang Z. Regulation of ELL2 stability and polyubiquitination by EAF2 in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2018; 78:1201-1212. [PMID: 30009504 PMCID: PMC6537586 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elongation factor for RNA polymerase 2 (ELL2) and ELL associated factor 2 (EAF2) have been reported to have tumor suppressive properties in prostate epithelial cells. AIMS We investigated ELL2 expression in human prostate cancer specimens, and ELL2 protein stability and ubiquitination in prostate cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunostaining analysis of human prostate cancer specimens was used to determine ELL2 expression in tumor and normal tissues. ELL2 knockdown in prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and C4-2 was used to compare proliferation and motility. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify amino acid residues in ELL2 that were important for degradation. RESULTS ELL2 protein was downregulated in prostate cancer specimens and was up-regulated by androgens in prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and C4-2. ELL2 knockdown enhanced prostate cancer cell proliferation and motility. ELL2 protein has a short half-life and was stabilized by proteasome inhibitor MG132. Amino acid residues K584 and K599 in ELL2 were important for ELL2 degradation. EAF2 could stabilize ELL2 and inhibited its polyubiquitination. CONCLUSION Our findings provide further evidence that ELL2 is a potential tumor suppressor frequently down-regulated in clinical prostate cancer specimens and provides new insights into regulation of ELL2 protein level by polyubiquitination and EAF2 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
| | - Yifeng Jing
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
| | - Xinpei Yu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Zhong
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
| | - Laura E. Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
| | - Zhongxian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoping Qiao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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