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Wang H, Xu T, Li Y, Gao R, Tao X, Song J, Li C, Li Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of GA 3-induced dormancy release in Suaeda glauca black seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354141. [PMID: 38919815 PMCID: PMC11197467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Suaeda glauca Bunge produces dimorphic seeds on the same plant, with brown seeds displaying non-dormant characteristics and black seeds exhibiting intermediate physiological dormancy traits. Previous studies have shown that black seeds have a very low germination rate under natural conditions, but exogenous GA3 effectively enhanced the germination rate of black seeds. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of GA3 on S. glauca black seeds are still unclear. In this study, transcriptomic profiles of seeds at different germination stages with and without GA3 treatment were analyzed and compared, and the TTF, H2O2, O2 -, starch, and soluble sugar contents of the corresponding seed samples were determined. The results indicated that exogenous GA3 treatment significantly increased seed vigor, H2O2, and O2 - contents but decreased starch and soluble sugar contents of S. glauca black seeds during seed dormancy release. RNA-seq results showed that a total of 1136 DEGs were identified in three comparison groups and were involved mainly in plant hormone signal transduction, diterpenoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism pathway. Among them, the DEGs related to diterpenoid biosynthesis (SgGA3ox1, SgKAO and SgGA2ox8) and ABA signal transduction (SgPP2Cs) could play important roles during seed dormancy release. Most genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were activated under GA3 treatment conditions, especially many SgPER genes encoding peroxidase. In addition, exogenous GA3 treatment also significantly enhanced the expression of genes involved in flavonoid synthesis, which might be beneficial to seed dormancy release. In accordance with the decline in starch and soluble sugar contents, 15 genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were significantly up-regulated during GA3-induced dormancy release, such as SgBAM, SgHXK2, and SgAGLU, etc. In a word, exogenous GA3 effectively increased the germination rate and seed vigor of S. glauca black seeds by mediating the metabolic process or signal transduction of plant hormones, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism processes. Our results provide novel insights into the transcriptional regulation mechanism of exogenous GA3 on the dormancy release of S. glauca black seeds. The candidate genes identified in this study may be further studied and used to enrich our knowledge of seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongjia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Dandong Forestry and Grassland Development Service Center, Dandong, China
| | - Xuelin Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Jieqiong Song
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Changping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiuli Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Mao JC, Yan M, Li JH, Yang JY, Wang HJ. The role of small RNAs in resistant melon cultivar against Phelipanche aegyptiaca parasitization. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1408926. [PMID: 38774502 PMCID: PMC11106454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1408926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional trans-kingdom RNA silencing, a pivotal factor in plant-pathogen interactions, remains less explored in plant host-parasite dynamics. Here, using small RNA sequencing in melon root systems, we investigated microRNA (miRNA) expression variation in resistant and susceptible cultivars pre-and post-infection by the parasitic plant, broomrape. This approach revealed 979 known miRNAs and 110 novel miRNAs across 110 families. When comparing susceptible (F0) and resistant (R0) melon lines with broomrape infection (F25 and R25), 39 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were observed in F25 vs. F0, 35 in R25 vs. R0, and 5 in R25 vs. F25. Notably, two miRNAs consistently exhibited differential expression across all comparisons, targeting genes linked to plant disease resistance. This suggests their pivotal role in melon's defense against broomrape. The target genes of these miRNAs were confirmed via degradome sequencing and validated by qRT-PCR, ensuring reliable sequencing outcomes. GO and KEGG analyses shed light on the molecular functions and pathways of these differential miRNAs. Furthermore, our study unveiled four trans-kingdom miRNAs, forming a foundation for exploring melon's resistance to broomrape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hao-Jie Wang
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Jamil M, Alagoz Y, Wang JY, Chen GTE, Berqdar L, Kharbatia NM, Moreno JC, Kuijer HNJ, Al-Babili S. Abscisic acid inhibits germination of Striga seeds and is released by them likely as a rhizospheric signal supporting host infestation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1305-1316. [PMID: 38169533 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Seeds of the root parasitic plant Striga hermonthica undergo a conditioning process under humid and warm environments before germinating in response to host-released stimulants, particularly strigolactones (SLs). The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates different growth and developmental processes, and stress response; however, its role during Striga seed germination and early interactions with host plants is under-investigated. Here, we show that ABA inhibited Striga seed germination and that hindering its biosynthesis induced conditioning and germination in unconditioned seeds, which was significantly enhanced by treatment with the SL analog rac-GR24. However, the inhibitory effect of ABA remarkably decreased during conditioning, confirming the loss of sensitivity towards ABA in later developmental stages. ABA measurement showed a substantial reduction of its content during the early conditioning stage and a significant increase upon rac-GR24-triggered germination. We observed this increase also in released seed exudates, which was further confirmed by using the Arabidopsis ABA-reporter GUS marker line. Seed exudates of germinated seeds, containing elevated levels of ABA, impaired the germination of surrounding Striga seeds in vitro and promoted root growth of a rice host towards germinated Striga seeds. Application of ABA as a positive control caused similar effects, indicating its function in Striga/Striga and Striga/host communications. In summary, we show that ABA is an essential player during seed dormancy and germination processes in Striga and acts as a rhizospheric signal likely to support host infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yagiz Alagoz
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guan-Ting Erica Chen
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Berqdar
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeh M Kharbatia
- Analytical Chemistry Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan C Moreno
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik N J Kuijer
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Özbilen A, Sezer F, Taşkin KM. Identification and expression of strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling genes and the in vitro effects of strigolactones in olive ( Olea europaea L.). PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e568. [PMID: 38405354 PMCID: PMC10894696 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), synthesized in plant roots, play a dual role in modulating plant growth and development, and in inducing the germination of parasitic plant seeds and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. As phytohormones, SLs are crucial in regulating branching and shaping plant architecture. Despite the significant impact of branching strategies on the yield performance of fruit crops, limited research has been conducted on SLs in these crops. In our study, we identified the transcript sequences of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes in olive (Olea europaea L.) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. We predicted the corresponding protein sequences, analyzed their characteristics, and conducted molecular docking with bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, we quantified the expression levels of these genes in various tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. Our findings demonstrate the predominant expression of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes (OeD27, OeMAX3, OeMAX4, OeMAX1, OeD14, and OeMAX2) in roots and lateral buds, highlighting their importance in branching. Treatment with rac-GR24, an SL analog, enhanced the germination frequency of olive seeds in vitro compared with untreated embryos. Conversely, inhibition of SL biosynthesis with TIS108 increased lateral bud formation in a hard-to-root cultivar, underscoring the role of SLs as phytohormones in olives. These results suggest that modifying SL biosynthesis and signaling pathways could offer novel approaches for olive breeding, with potential applicability to other fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Özbilen
- Department of BiologyCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| | - Fatih Sezer
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| | - Kemal Melih Taşkin
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
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Cao X, Xiao L, Zhang L, Chen M, Bian P, Ma Q, Chen S, He Q, Ma X, Yao Z, Zhao S. Phenotypic and histological analyses on the resistance of melon to Phelipanche aegyptiaca. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1070319. [PMID: 37035047 PMCID: PMC10079939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1070319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an economically important crop in Xinjiang, China, but its production is constrained by the parasitic plant Phelipanche aegyptiaca that attaches to the roots of many crops and causes severe stunting and loss of yield. Rhizotron, pot, and field experiments were employed to evaluate the resistance of 27 melon cultivars to P. aegyptiaca. Then, the resistant and susceptible cultivars were inoculated with P. aegyptiaca from six populations to assess their resistance stability and broad spectrum. Further microscopic and histological analyses were used to clarify the resistance phenotypes and histological structure. The results showed that Huangpi 9818 and KR1326 were more resistant to P. aegyptiaca compared to other cultivars in the rhizotron, pot, and field experiments. In addition, compared to the susceptible cultivar K1076, Huangpi 9818 and KR1326 showed broad-spectrum resistance to six P. aegyptiaca populations. These two resistant cultivars had lower P. aegyptiaca biomass and fewer and smaller P. aegyptiaca attachments on their roots compared to susceptible cultivar K1076. KR1326 (resistant) and K1076 (susceptible) were selected to further study resistance phenotypes and mechanisms. Germination-inducing activity of root exudates and microscopic analysis showed that the resistance in KR1326 was not related to low induction of P. aegyptiaca germination. The tubercles of parasite on KR1326 were observed slightly brown at 14 days after inoculation (DAI), the necrosis and arrest of parasite development occurred at 23 DAI. Histological analysis of necrosis tubercles showed that the endophyte of parasite had reached host central cylinder, connected with host xylem, and accumulation of secretions and callose were detected in neighbouring cells. We concluded that KR1326 is an important melon cultivar for P. aegyptiaca resistance that could be used to expand the genetic basis of cultivated muskmelon for resistance to the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lifeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meixiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Pengxuan Bian
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Quanlong He
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhaoqun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Transcriptomic insights into the effects of abscisic acid on the germination of Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch seed. Gene 2023; 853:147066. [PMID: 36455787 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch is a deciduous tree species. However, the wild resource of M. sieboldii has been declining due to excessive utilization and seed dormancy. In our previous research, M. sieboldii seeds have morphophysiological dormancy and low germination rates under natural conditions. The aim of the present study was to identify the genes involved in dormancy maintenance. In this study, the germination percentage of M. sieboldii seeds negatively correlated with the content of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA). The hydration of seeds for germination showed three distinct phases. Five key time points were identified: 0 h imbibition (dry seed, GZ), 0 day after imbibition (DAI), 16 DAI, 40 DAI, and 56 DAI. The comprehensive transcript profiles of M. sieboldii seeds treated with ABA and water at the five key germinating stages were obtained. A total of 9641 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 208 and 197 common DEGs were found throughout the ABA and water treatments, respectively. Compared with that in the GZ, 518, 696, 2133, and 1535 DEGs were identified in the SH group at 0, 16, 40 and 56 DAI, respectively. 666, 1725, 1560 and 1415 DEGs were identified in the ABA group at 0, 16, 40, and 56 DAI, respectively. Among the identified DEGs, 12 722 were annotated with GO terms, the top three enriched GO terms were different among the DEGs at 56 DAI in the ABA vs. SH treatments. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs indicated that oxidative phosphorylation, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, starch and sucrose metabolism play an important role in seed response to ABA. 1926 TFs are obtained and classified into 72 families from the M. sieboldii transcriptome. Results of differential gene expression analysis together with qRT-PCR indicated that phase II is crucial for rapid and successful seed germination. This study is the first to present the global expression patterns of ABA-regulated transcripts in M. sieboldii seeds at different germinating phases.
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Sidharthan VK, Rajeswari V, Vanamala G, Baranwal VK. Revisiting the amalgaviral landscapes in plant transcriptomes expands the host range of plant amalgaviruses. Virology 2022; 577:65-73. [PMID: 36308887 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant amalgaviruses are monopartite, double-stranded RNA viruses, capable of vertical transmission through seeds. An attempt to revisit plant transcriptome-assembled contigs for amalgaviral sequences identified 40 putative novel amalgaviruses in 35 plant species, nearly doubling the number of plant amalgaviruses. Of the 35 plant species, 33 are reported to host amalgaviruses for the first time, including a pteridophytic and two gymnospermic species. Coding-complete genomes of all identified viruses were recovered and the putative +1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (PRF) sites were determined. Genomes of 35 identified amalgaviruses contained the conserved +1 PRF motif 'UUU_CGN', while variant versions were predicted in five genomes. Phylogenetic analysis grouped pteridophyte- and gymnosperm-infecting amalgaviruses together in divergent sub-clades while few of the related angiosperm-infecting amalgaviruses infect members of the same plant family, reiterating the co-evolution of plant amalgaviruses and their hosts. The current study paves way for further studies on understanding biological properties of identified viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kavi Sidharthan
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, Institute of Forest Biodiversity (ICFRE), Hyderabad, India.
| | - V Rajeswari
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Gayatri Vanamala
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, Institute of Forest Biodiversity (ICFRE), Hyderabad, India
| | - V K Baranwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Zhang XL, Huang XL, Li J, Mei M, Zeng WQ, Lu XJ. Evaluation of the RNA extraction methods in different Ginkgo biloba L. tissues. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Yu C, Chen W, Wang Z, Lou H. Comparative proteomic analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) shoots reveals crosstalk between strigolactone and auxin. Genomics 2021; 113:3163-3173. [PMID: 34246692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As one of the main vegetable crops cultivated in the world, the tomato has advantages of high yield and economic benefits, and plays an important role in promoting farmers' income and social and economic growth. However, lateral branches during the growth process of tomato consume considerable nutrients and reduce the yield of tomato. Phytohormones such as strigolactone and auxin can inhibit the formation of lateral branches. However, the mechanism of their interaction is not particularly clear. To better understand the effects of exogenous strigolactone and auxin on tomato, proteome analyses of tomato shoots treated with exogenous GR24 and indole acetic acid were performed using an integrated approach involving tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified 6685 proteins, of which 5822 contained quantitative information. Many differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found in different comparisons, including 415, 148, and 130 DEPs in GR24 vs mock, IAA vs mock, and GR24 + IAA vs mock comparisons, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 'photosynthesis - antenna proteins' were significantly enriched in three treatments. Our data can help reveal the interaction between strigolactone and auxin in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Lyko P, Wicke S. Genomic reconfiguration in parasitic plants involves considerable gene losses alongside global genome size inflation and gene births. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1412-1423. [PMID: 33909907 PMCID: PMC8260112 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plant genomes and transcriptomes reveal numerous genetic innovations, the functional-evolutionary relevance and roles of which open unprecedented research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lyko
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Susann Wicke
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Germany
- Author for communication:
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Huang X, Tian T, Chen J, Wang D, Tong B, Liu J. Transcriptome analysis of Cinnamomum migao seed germination in medicinal plants of Southwest China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:270. [PMID: 34116632 PMCID: PMC8194011 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamomum migao is an endangered evergreen woody plant species endemic to China. Its fruit is used as a traditional medicine by the Miao nationality of China and has a high commercial value. However, its seed germination rate is extremely low under natural and artificial conditions. As the foundation of plant propagation, seed germination involves a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular changes; however, the molecular events and systematic changes occurring during C. migao seed germination remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, combined with the changes in physiological indexes and transcription levels, we revealed the regulation characteristics of cell structures, storage substances, and antioxidant capacity during seed germination. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that abundant smooth and full oil bodies were present in the cotyledons of the seeds. With seed germination, oil bodies and other substances gradually degraded to supply energy; this was consistent with the content of storage substances. In parallel to electron microscopy and physiological analyses, transcriptome analysis showed that 80-90 % of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) appeared after seed imbibition, reflecting important development and physiological changes. The unigenes involved in material metabolism (glycerolipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and starch and sucrose metabolism) and energy supply pathways (pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis pathway, pyruvate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) were differentially expressed in the four germination stages. Among these DEGs, a small number of genes in the energy supply pathway at the initial stage of germination maintained high level of expression to maintain seed vigor and germination ability. Genes involved in lipid metabolism were firstly activated at a large scale in the LK (seed coat fissure) stage, and then genes involved in carbohydrates (CHO) metabolism were activated, which had their own species specificity. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the transcriptional levels of genes and the sequence of their corresponding metabolic pathways during seed germination. The changes in cell structure and physiological indexes also confirmed these events. Our findings provide a foundation for determining the molecular mechanisms underlying seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- Department of Ecology, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Forest Ecology Research Center of Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingzhong Chen
- Department of Ecology, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Forest Ecology Research Center of Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Deng Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Forest Ecology Research Center of Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Bingli Tong
- Department of Ecology, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Forest Ecology Research Center of Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
- Forest Ecology Research Center of Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
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Brun G, Spallek T, Simier P, Delavault P. Molecular actors of seed germination and haustoriogenesis in parasitic weeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1270-1281. [PMID: 33793893 PMCID: PMC8133557 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
One-sentence summary Recent advances provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying host-dependent seed germination and haustorium formation in parasitic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brun
- Department for Systematic Botany and Biodiversity, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Spallek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philippe Simier
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pathology, University of Nantes, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pathology, University of Nantes, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Author for communication:
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Bouwmeester H, Li C, Thiombiano B, Rahimi M, Dong L. Adaptation of the parasitic plant lifecycle: germination is controlled by essential host signaling molecules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1292-1308. [PMID: 33793901 PMCID: PMC8133609 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants are plants that connect with a haustorium to the vasculature of another, host, plant from which they absorb water, assimilates, and nutrients. Because of this parasitic lifestyle, parasitic plants need to coordinate their lifecycle with that of their host. Parasitic plants have evolved a number of host detection/host response mechanisms of which the germination in response to chemical host signals in one of the major families of parasitic plants, the Orobanchaceae, is a striking example. In this update review, we discuss these germination stimulants. We review the different compound classes that function as germination stimulants, how they are produced, and in which host plants. We discuss why they are reliable signals, how parasitic plants have evolved mechanisms that detect and respond to them, and whether they play a role in host specificity. The advances in the knowledge underlying this signaling relationship between host and parasitic plant have greatly improved our understanding of the evolution of plant parasitism and are facilitating the development of more effective control measures in cases where these parasitic plants have developed into weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harro Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Changsheng Li
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Thiombiano
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mehran Rahimi
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lemeng Dong
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Alotaibi SS, Elseehy MM, Aljuaid BS, El-Shehawi AM. Transcriptome Analysis of Jojoba ( Simmondsia chinensis) during Seed Development and Liquid Wax Ester Biosynthesis. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050588. [PMID: 32375380 PMCID: PMC7284725 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Jojoba is one of the main two known plant source of natural liquid wax ester for use in various applications, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuel. Due to the lack of transcriptomic and genomic data on lipid biosynthesis and accumulation, molecular marker breeding has been used to improve jojoba oil production and quality. In the current study, the transcriptome of developing jojoba seeds was investigated using the Illunina NovaSeq 6000 system, 100 × 106 paired end reads, an average length of 100 bp, and a sequence depth of 12 Gb per sample. A total of 176,106 unigenes were detected with an average contig length of 201 bp. Gene Ontology (GO) showed that the detected unigenes were distributed in the three GO groups biological processes (BP, 5.53%), cellular component (CC, 6.06%), and molecular functions (MF, 5.88%) and distributed in 67 functional groups. The lipid biosynthesis pathway was established based on the expression of lipid biosynthesis genes, fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis, FA desaturation, FA elongation, fatty alcohol biosynthesis, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, phospholipid metabolism, wax ester biosynthesis, and lipid transfer and storage genes. The detection of these categories of genes confirms the presence of an efficient lipid biosynthesis and accumulation system in developing jojoba seeds. The results of this study will significantly enhance the current understanding of wax ester biology in jojoba seeds and open new routes for the improvement of jojoba oil production and quality through biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqer S. Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.S.A.); (A.M.E.-S.)
| | - Mona M. Elseehy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Bandar S. Aljuaid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (S.S.A.); (A.M.E.-S.)
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Dvorakova M, Hylova A, Soudek P, Petrova S, Spichal L, Vanek T. Triazolide strigolactone mimics as potent selective germinators of parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2049-2056. [PMID: 30632264 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones are a unique class of plant metabolites which serve as a rhizosphere signal for parasitic plants and evocate their seed germination. The expansion of these parasitic weeds in the food crop fields urgently calls for their increased control and depletion. Simple strigolactone analogues able to stimulate seed germination of these parasitic plants may represent an efficient control measure through the induction of suicidal germination. RESULTS Triazolide-type strigolactone mimics were easily synthesized in three steps from commercially available materials. These derivatives induced effectively seed germination of Phelipanche ramosa with EC50 as low as 5.2 × 10-10 M. These mimics did not induce seed germination of Striga hermonthica even at high concentration (≥1 × 10-5 M). CONCLUSIONS Simple and stable strigolactone mimics with selective activity against Phelipanche ramosa were synthesized. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Dvorakova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Hylova
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Soudek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Petrova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Spichal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
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Song Q, Cheng S, Chen Z, Nie G, Xu F, Zhang J, Zhou M, Zhang W, Liao Y, Ye J. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealing the potential mechanism of seed germination stimulated by exogenous gibberellin in Fraxinus hupehensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:199. [PMID: 31092208 PMCID: PMC6521437 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fraxinus hupehensis is an endangered tree species that is endemic to in China; the species has very high commercial value because of its intricate shape and potential to improve and protect the environment. Its seeds show very low germination rates in natural conditions. Preliminary experiments indicated that gibberellin (GA3) effectively stimulated the seed germination of F. hupehensis. However, little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of GA3 on F. hupehensis seed germination. RESULTS We compared dormant seeds (CK group) and germinated seeds after treatment with water (W group) and GA3 (G group) in terms of seed vigor and several other physiological indicators related to germination, hormone content, and transcriptomics. Results showed that GA3 treatment increases seed vigor, energy requirements, and trans-Zetain (ZT) and GA3 contents but decreases sugar and abscisic acid (ABA) contents. A total of 116,932 unigenes were obtained from F. hupehensis transcriptome. RNA-seq analysis identified 31,856, 33,188 and 2056 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the W and CK groups, the G and CK groups, and the G and W groups, respectively. Up-regulation of eight selected DEGs of the glycolytic pathway accelerated the oxidative decomposition of sugar to release energy for germination. Up-regulated genes involved in ZT (two genes) and GA3 (one gene) biosynthesis, ABA degradation pathway (one gene), and ABA signal transduction (two genes) may contribute to seed germination. Two down-regulated genes associated with GA3 signal transduction were also observed in the G group. GA3-regulated genes may alter hormone levels to facilitate germination. Candidate transcription factors played important roles in GA3-promoted F. hupehensis seed germination, and Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis verified the expression patterns of these genes. CONCLUSION Exogenous GA3 increased the germination rate, vigor, and water absorption rate of F. hupehensis seeds. Our results provide novel insights into the transcriptional regulation mechanism of effect of exogenous GA3 on F. hupehensis seed germination. The transcriptome data generated in this study may be used for further molecular research on this unique species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiling Song
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023 China
| | - Zexiong Chen
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Gongping Nie
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Mingqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
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Tsuchiya Y. Small Molecule Toolbox for Strigolactone Biology. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1511-1519. [PMID: 29931079 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones associated with diverse developmental processes including plant architecture and stress responses. SLs are exuded to the soil as an ecological signal to attract symbiotic arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi. This ecological mechanism is also used by parasitic plants to detect the presence of host plants and initiate germination. The functional diversity of SLs makes SL biology so extensive that a single methodology is not sufficient to comprehend it. This review describes the theoretical and practical aspects of the design of small molecule probes that have been used to elucidate the functions of SLs. The lessons from the development of small molecules to tackle the unique questions in SL biology might be instructive in the extending field of chemical biology in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Tsuchiya
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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Brun G, Braem L, Thoiron S, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S, Delavault P. Seed germination in parasitic plants: what insights can we expect from strigolactone research? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2265-2280. [PMID: 29281042 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Obligate root-parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family are deadly pests for major crops all over the world. Because these heterotrophic plants severely damage their hosts even before emerging from the soil, there is an unequivocal need to design early and efficient methods for their control. The germination process of these species has probably undergone numerous selective pressure events in the course of evolution, in that the perception of host-derived molecules is a necessary condition for seeds to germinate. Although most of these molecules belong to the strigolactones, structurally different molecules have been identified. Since strigolactones are also classified as novel plant hormones that regulate several physiological processes other than germination, the use of autotrophic model plant species has allowed the identification of many actors involved in the strigolactone biosynthesis, perception, and signal transduction pathways. Nevertheless, many questions remain to be answered regarding the germination process of parasitic plants. For instance, how did parasitic plants evolve to germinate in response to a wide variety of molecules, while autotrophic plants do not? What particular features are associated with their lack of spontaneous germination? In this review, we attempt to illustrate to what extent conclusions from research into strigolactones could be applied to better understand the biology of parasitic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brun
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA, Université de Nantes, BP Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Lukas Braem
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai Ghent, Belgium
| | - Séverine Thoiron
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA, Université de Nantes, BP Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA, Université de Nantes, BP Nantes Cedex, France
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